Professional Documents
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Charul at Ha
Charul at Ha
Charul at Ha
COLLEGE OF NURSING
MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHENNAI – 600 003
A dissertation submitted to
OCTOBER- 2019
DISSERTATION ON
„A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ORGAN DONATION AMONG
THE COLLEGE STUDENTS AT SELECTED ARTS
AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, IN CHENNAI
Register No : 301726152
DEAN
Dr.R.Jayanthi, MD., F.R.C.P. (Glasg)., ___________
Dean,
Madras Medical College,
Chennai-03.
A Dissertation submitted to
THE TAMILNADU DR.M.G.R MEDICAL UNIVERSITY,
CHENNAI
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of the degree
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
OCTOBER – 2019
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“A moment of gratitude makes a difference in your attitude”
– Jean Baptiste
Acquire the grateful habit, learn to see how blest you are, Nothing
concrete can be achieved without an optimal inspiration during the course
of work. There are several hands and hearts behind this work to bring it to
this final shape for which I would like to express my gratitude. Great and
mighty is our Lord, our God to whom all thanks and praise for all wisdom,
knowledge, guidance and strength throughout this work.
I praise and thank God Almighty for his grace and abundant
blessings, he has showered upon me, to bring this dissertation with an
immiscible presence and guidance to complete the project successfully.
THANKS TO ALL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Chapter Content
No
I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Need for the study 5
1.2 Statement of the problem 11
1.3 Objectives 11
1.4 Operational definitions 12
1.5 Hypotheses 13
1.6 Assumptions 13
1.7 Delimitation 13
1.8 Conceptual framework 14
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Review of literature 17
III METHODOLOGY 34
3.1 Research approach 34
3.2 Research design 34
3.3 Setting of the study 35
3.4 Duration of the study 36
3.5 Study population 36
3.6 Sample 36
3.7 Sample size 37
3.8 Sample technique 37
3.9 Research variables 37
3.10 Development and description of the tool 38
3.11 Score interpretation 40
3.12 Content validity 40
3.13 Ethical consideration 40
Page
Chapter Content
No
3.14 Reliability 42
3.15 Pilot study 42
3.16 Data collection procedure 42
3.17 Data analysis 44
IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 47
V DISCUSSION 63
VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 75
6.1 Summary and findings of the study 75
6.2 Implications of the study 79
6.3 Recommendations for further study 82
6.4 Limitations 82
6.5 Conclusion 83
REFERENCES
ANNEXURES
LIST OF TABLES
Chapter Content
3.1 Intervention Protocol
4.1 Distribution of demographic variables of the study
population in experimental and control group
4.2 Description of pre -test knowledge level of the study
population in experimental and control group
4.3 Description of post -test knowledge level of the study
population in experimental and control group
4.4 Effectiveness of structured teaching programme and
generalization of knowledge gain score
4.5 Comparison of post -test knowledge level in both
experimental and control group
4.6 Comparison of domain wise post test knowledge level in
experiment and control group
4.7 Comparison of pre -test and post- test level mean knowledge
score (experimental group and control group).
4.8 Association between post- test level of knowledge score and
demographic variables in experimental group
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Description
No
4.17 Comparison of pre -test and post- test level mean knowledge
score (Experimental group).
4.18 Comparison of pre -test and post- test level mean knowledge
score (Control group).
Annexure
Title
No
1 Certificate of approval from institutional ethics
committee
2 Certificate of content validity by Experts
3 Permission letter form arts and science colleges
4 Tool for data collection English and Tamil
5 Lesson plan for Tamil and English
6 Informed consent Tamil and English
7 Certificate of English editing
8 Certificate of Tamil editing
9 Photographs
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
TITLE
“A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on knowledge about organ donation among college students
at selected arts and science college in Chennai’’
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried i) To assess the pre-test knowledge level
regarding organ donation among arts and science college students in
experimental group and control group. ii) To evaluate the effectiveness
of structured teaching programme on organ donation among arts and
science college students in experimental group. iii) To compare the post
test level of knowledge score in experimental and control group iv) To
find association between the post- test knowledge on college students
regarding organ donation and selected demographic variables among
experimental group.
RESULTS
The results shows that in experiment group, on an average, in post
test after having structured teaching programme, the mean difference of
knowledge gain score is experimental group students are having 15.64
knowledge score and control group students are having 7.24 knowledge
score, so the difference is 8.40, this difference is large and it is
significant. It was tested using Student independent t -test. The
difference shows the effectiveness of structured teaching programme.
There is a significant association between the knowledge gain score and
the type of family, mother’s education, mother’s occupation, place
living of status of the participants.
CONCLUSION
The study results showed that there is an effectiveness of
structured teaching programme on organ donation. Effective modules on
organ donation can help to educate and create awareness to organ
donation among arts and science college students and it can be applied
in all settings. The study was appropriate, effective, feasible and cost
effectiveness.
CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
‘‘Death is not the end, its beginning of another life’’
Marianne Williamson
Life starts from birth and end with the death of the individual. In
between the birth and death there are different stages of life, where a
person faces different diseases and its problems. Organ donation is the
gracious act. It firmly believes that the organ is use of others and death
is not the end, and it is another beginning. Organ is a structural part of a
system of the body that is composed of tissues and cells that enable it to
perform a particular function. In case, any of the organs of the human
body fails to carry out its normal function, it needs surgical replacement
of the organ by organ transplantation. For some organs, the donation can
be given while the healthy person is alive, in other cases, the donation is
made after death.
1
out. Under the opt-in system, n an opt-out system, a person is
automatically presumed to have given their consent to be a donor before
their death unless they had made a specific request not to donate their
organs. So, organs may be taken unless people have registered an
objection not to be donor, or their family members (next of kin) object.
This is known as a “soft opt-out”. Anyone who wishes to donate organs
needs to fill a prescribed form available on the Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare Government of India‟s website. In order to control
organ commerce and encourage donation after brain death, the
government of India came up with the law, The Transplantation of
Human Organs Act in the year 1994. This brought about a considerable
change in terms of organ donation in the country.
2
concept of 'brain death' as a criteria for organ donation. According to the
law, the privilege or right on the decision of organ donation rests with
the next of kin of the deceased person. Organ donations are taken from
two sources according to the act, deceased and living donors. Most
organs used currently used from deceased donors, and the majority of
the living donors are typically a family member of the recipient.
3
countries are taking steps to raise the supply of organs and in certain
parts the number of donors has increased.
Organ donation is indeed one of the humane acts, but not many
people know about it and in addition there are various taboos associated
with it. People who are uneducated or partly educated may not consider
to donate their organs. It therefore becomes the responsibility of those
who are aware of such drives and can bring a positive change in our
society by transforming people‟s mindsets.
4
government initiate so many programs about organ donation. Please
donate your organs and save another life.
Times of India reports that organ donation four folds upto India,
but still there is a long way to go. So public awareness should be spread
as to how people can come forward and contribute towards this cause.
Any person who is above 18-years of age is entitled to become a donor
no matter what his/her background is. In fact, children under 18 years of
age are free to donate their organs after seeking permission from their
parents/guardian. The body of a single donor can save the lives of about
50 people. There is no age bar, which implies that people between the
age group of 70 to 80 can also successfully donate their organs.
A recent data cited that 1.25 lakhs Indians died in road accidents
last year, and less than 20,000 of them donated their organs such as
kidneys, liver, pancreas and heart for potential recipients. Thousands of
patients die due to unavailability of organs. Awareness about organ
5
donation has improved among people compared to earlier times, more
people are coming forward to donate organs, it seems it is impossible for
the demand and supply of cadaver organs to meet the demand in near
future. For that reason the health department also bring more public
awareness about cadaver organs donation.
6
A total of 329 (68%) students felt the need for laws to govern the
process of OD. Knowledge about the organ donor card was observed
among 169 (35%) students among the study population. Three hundred
and eight (63.4%) wanted to be a part of any OD group and also
motivated others for OD. A well-organized approach is required to raise
an awareness among the youth about various aspects of OD which is
necessary to eliminate the setbacks that affect the rate of availability of
donor organs. Motivational messages, creating awareness and facts
about organ donation are some of the intervention to bring about
changes regarding perceptions and intentions about OD among the
students.
Young adults represents the future of the society and have a direct
influence on family members and friends. A favourable positive attitude
of the young adults in this matter is needed in this present scenario.
7
declaration is low rather negligible. Also, not many government
hospitals are involved in the process of organ transplantation and
retrieval.
8
Fig 1.1 waiting list for (1/2019) organ donation
9
COMMUNITY ACTION MODEL
Community action model, which is highlights the importance of a
community context, six essential practices for success, and outlines a 3P
Action cycle. Partner, Prepare and Progress. This model can be useful to
create the community awareness.
COMMUNITY CONTEXT
Community context plays a vital role in healthier communities
work. Community health nurse focussing to create the awareness to the
students.
ESSENTIAL PRACTICES
Community action model believe six essential practices are
critical for creating meaningful and sustained change in community.
10
They address how a community nurse in partnership of public can be
most effective and sustain its impact and who it should involve and
strive to serve.
11
To compare the pre and post- test level of knowledge score in
experimental and control group.
Organ donation:
Knowledge:
College Students
12
1.5 HYPOTHESES
H1 There will be a significant difference between the pre-test and post-
test knowledge score on organ donation in experimental group.
1.6 ASSUMPTIONS
Students may have some knowledge about organ donation
1.7 DELIMITATIONS
The period of the study is 4 weeks only
13
1.8 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Conceptual framework is a basic structure that consists of certain
abstract block which represents the observational the experimental and
analytical / synthetically aspects of a process (or) system being
conceived. The interconnection of these blocks completes the framework
for certain expected outcomes. A conceptual framework were used in
research to present a preferred approach to an idea (or) thought. Nursing
theory help to generate further nursing knowledge.
PERCEPTION
In this study the researcher perceives that most of the Arts
students lacks in knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation.
JUDGMENT
In this study the researcher judge that, the STP is effective in improving
the knowledge regarding organ donation. It provides improve the awareness of
organ donation as well as the prevent legal and ethical issues.
ACTION
In this study the researcher prepare the STP which is effective in
improving the knowledge regarding organ donation.
14
REACTION
The researcher plans together and moves towards goal attainment.
Here the researcher plan to teach the organ donation after conducting the pre-
test to the experimental group.
INTERACTION
The act of two or more persons in mutual presence and sequence
of verbal and non-verbal behaviours that are directed towards goal. In
this study the interaction includes pre-test (for assessing the knowledge)
than administration of STP and post-test to the samples of the
experiment group and no intervention to the samples of the control
group.
TRANSACTION
In this study the transaction includes post-test on the assessment
of knowledge regarding organ donation among the student. In this study
the researcher and the subject came together for an interaction, a
different set of perception to exchange. The researcher perceives the
subject need to teach the organ donation to rules and regulations among
the Arts student. The researcher communicates the subjects by
implementing the STP regarding the organ donation between the
subjects takes place. The goal is said to be achieved is an increased level
of knowledge in experimental and control group.
15
PERCEPTION ACTION
INTERACTION
TRANSACTION
Pre - test
assessment of P
learning needs of Preparation Implementing
STUDY of Structured O
Organ Donation Structured
Teaching
among College GROUP Programme ADEQUATE
Teaching S
students with on Organ
Donation Programme KNOWLEDGE
selected
regarding T
demographic
Organ
variables such as
Donation for
T
Age, residence, MODERATE
family monthly 45 minutes KNOWLEDGE
E
income,
educational status CONTROL S
of mother, GROUP ROUTINE ACTIVITIES T INADEQUATE
occupational KNOWLEDGE
status of mother
FEEDBACK
SECTION A
1
for the improvement of knowledge regard to organ transplantation and
organ donation among healthcare personnel.
1
professionals (64.9%) known the shortage status of organ, and doctors
knew more than nurses and nonclinical staffs (P < 0.01). Doctors are
higher knowledge level about brain death than nurses and nonclinical
staffs (P < 0.01). Health professionals were lower favorable attitudes
and willingness toward organ donation.
1
Balwani Manish et al. (2017) conducted a cross sectional study
among 85 CKD patients to evaluate knowledge about and attitude
towards organ donation at a tertiary hospital. The Age of respondents
ranged from 15 to 75 years. Almost one third of patients were unaware
about any knowledge regarding organ donation. All respondents were
felt that organs must go to the needy irrespective of their religion. This
study represents about 31.76% of participants believe that there is a
danger that donated organs could be misused, abused or
misappropriated. So Mass media, religious and political leaders may be
involved to maximize awareness about organ donation.
2
Poreddi et al. (2016) conducted a cross-sectional descriptive
study carried out attitudes, knowledge, and willingness to donate organs
among Indian nursing students. Using self-reported questionnaires. All
the participants were aware of organ donation. The majority (n = 251,
94%) of them had unaware of organ donation law. The result of the
study findings suggest the need for revising the nursing curricula to
prepare the future nurses' competent in encountering the issues related
to organ donation and fostering.
2
tiers of health care (primary and secondary) in Nigeria, integrating them
would be strategically beneficial to organ donation.
2
whereas in post-test, had adequate knowledge. The investigator felts
that, organ donation was a social issue. So the organ donation regarding
knowledge was inadequate.
2
discussion about organ donation could increase willingness to be an
organ, donor among Korean adolescents.
2
low donation rate, patients need transplantation wait for more long time.
The success of the organ donation program was adequate knowledge and
awareness of the public regarding organ donation and the consent by
relatives for the organ donation in the event of brain death are required.
Due to the lack of knowledge regarding the legal and procedural details
of organ donation, kidneys were sold in the black, and frequently, the
police uncover those illegal ;kidney transplant rackets. Thus, there is a
great need for increasing awareness regarding the importance of organ
donation and the legal provisions related to it.
2
SECTION B
2.1.2 Studies related to effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on change in the knowledge and attitude of adolescents
regarding organ donation.
2
Jalandhar, Punjab. Self -structured knowledge questionnaire about organ
donation were used. The pre-test mean knowledge score were 12.52 of
experimental group and 12.60 of control group whereas post-test mean
knowledge score were 19.14 of experimental group and 13.62 of control
group. The study were found that there was significant increase in the
mean knowledge score in experimental group than in control group. The
study concluded that structured teaching programme was effective to
providing knowledge about organ donation among young adults.
2
Jessica M. Ruck et al. (2018) conducted a explorative study at
transplant centres start leveraging Twitter for information dissemination
and public engagement, it was important to understand current living
solid organ donation‐related Twitter use. Tweets had
manually abstracted and properly analysed for common themes. Social
media influence of these tweeting regarding living donation were
evaluated. The study identified 93 donors, 61 professionals, 12 hospitals, and
19 organizations that met eligibility criteria. Social media influence was
similar across those groups (P = 0.4). This exploratory study of living
donors and transplant professionals, hospitals, colleges and
organizations on Twitter provides insight into how the social media
platform might be used to communicate about and disseminate
information about living donation.
2
donation, whereas 46.94% and 51.02% students knew that what organs
can be donated and who could be an organ donar respectively. Majority
71.43% students believed that who should make decision about organ
donation in case of unclaimed dead body. Majority 82.65% students
reported that live organ donation is better than cadaveric organ donation
in solving shortage, 67.34% thought that donating one‟s organ adds
meaning to one‟s life. Undergraduate students have inadequate
knowledge, but have positive attitudes towards organ donation. There is
a need to increase knowledge regarding organ donation among this
essential group.
2
administered Questionnaire were used. Scores was low, particularly
regarding brain death and organ allocation. Preparedness for practice
were related to knowledge of brain death (z = 2.05, p = .04); and
knowledge (t = 2.24, p = .03) had related to signing a driver‟s license.
The study revealed that support including health education programmes
could increasing the awareness of organ donation.
3
30-minute lesson with an accompanying brochure regarding the benefits
of organ and tissue donation. Post-intervention survey was administered
to both groups of participants to assess the effectiveness of the
intervention. To measure the difference of Standard statistical methods
to use to measure knowledge and willingness to donate levels before and
after intervention. The education intervention reveled that increased the
knowledge of the students regarding organ donation. In the intervention
group, more than 50% students were answered correctly and the Medical
Act. This study reported that that a single education were to increase
knowledge levels of organ and tissue donation among secondary school
students.
3
programme) on organ donation was an effective method for providing
moderate to adequate knowledge and unfavorable to favorable attitude
and help final year B.Sc. nursing students to enhance their knowledge
and promote the positive attitude for the noblest organ donation.
3
students about organ donation significantly increased in the course of
nursing education (p=0.000). Nursing education positively affects the
opinions of students about organ donation.
3
CHAPTER-III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter explains the methodology in detail. It includes
research design, setting of the study, sampling technique, tools, pilot
study, data collection process and plan for the data analysis. The study
was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on knowledge about Organ donation among college students
at selected arts and science colleges in Chennai.
3
INTERVENTION STP REGARDING ORGAN
STUDY GROUP DONATION
PRE
ASSESSMENT
RANDOM SAMPLING
CONTROL PRE
GROUP ASSESSMENT
3
drinking water supply and hostel facilities. Both the colleges have an
annual intake of 100 students per year. The total number of B.A
3
(English) I year students in Guru Nanak Arts and Science College was 50
students and Patrician Arts and Science College was 50 students. The
rationale for selecting these colleges is feasibility and availability of
adequate samples.
B.A.English first year College students male and female who are
available during the period of data collection
3.6 SAMPLE
In this study, arts and science college students who met the
inclusion criteria were selected as samples .
3
3.6.2(b) Exclusion criteria
Experimental group: 50
Control group: 50
3
3.9.2 Dependent Variable
The investigator adopted the following steps that was carried out
in preparing the questionnaires.
3
occupation, and income, source of information regarding organ
donation, type of family, and living area .
Scoring Key:
4
3.11 SCORE INTERPRETATION
Total number of items: 20, each correct answer was given 1 mark
and the wrong answers were given 0 mark.
> 50 % Inadequate
51 – 75% Moderate
Human rights
4
The study details was also explained to the Principal, Chennai, to
carry out the study in the arts and science colleges and got the
permission.
The content validity was received from the various experts in the
community health nursing.
Beneficence
Dignity
Confidentiality
Justice
4
3.14 RELIABILITY
Reliability of the tool was assessed by using Test retest method.
Knowledge score reliability correlation coefficient value is 0.81. This
correlation coefficient is very high and it is good tool for assessing
effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding
organ donation among college students at selected arts and science
college students in Chennai.
After the selection of the students for the study, the investigator
approached the established good rapport with the students and explained
about the study. The students after understanding the importance of the
study ensured full cooperation for the study and signed the informed
4
consent. The students in the colleges who met the inclusion criteria of
the study were included in the study and were assured regarding
confidentiality of their details. The data collection was done in the
month of February.
Pre - test was conducted for the experimental group subjects. It took
about 15 minutes to complete the questionnaire. Followed by the structured
teaching programme for about 30-45 minutes by using the power point
presentation conducted to study group. About 8 – 11 subjects were selected
for pre - test on every day totally 55 subjectes selected as a sample. As
planned earlier post - test was conducted at the experimental group using the
same structured questionnaire. Pre - test for the experimental group followed
by structured teaching was done in the 1st week of the data collection. 5
subjects were drop out, post - test for the experimental group(50subjects) was
also done in the 2nd week. Pamphlets were issued to the subjects of the
experimental group after the conduction of the post - test. The contents in the
pamphlets were also explained to them.
Pre - test without structured teaching programme for the control group
was done in the of 3rd week of the data collection period. About 8 – 11
subjects were selected for pre - test on every day totally 55 subjectes selected
as a sample. As planned earlier post - test was conducted at the control group
using the same structured questionnaire. 3 sujects were drop out. Post - test
for the control group (subjects) was done in the 4th week of data collection.
booklets were issued to the subjects of the control group after the conduction
of the post - test. The contents in the booklets were also explained to them.
The investigator is able to complete the data collection with in the period of 4
weeks. The data collection procedure was terminated by thanking the
respondents.
4
Table 3.1 Intervention protocol for experimental group
S.
Protocol Experimental group Control group
No
1 Place Guru nanak arts and science Patrician arts and
college science college
2 Intervention Structured Teaching No Intervention
Programme
3 Duration per 15 to 30 minutes for pre - 15 to 30 minutes
sample test
30-45 minutes for structured
teaching programme
4 Mode of Structured teaching -
teaching programme using PPT
5 Post-test After 1 week of the After 1 week of the
evaluation structured teaching pre - test
programme using the same assessment
tool
4
3.17.2. Inferential Statistics
4
FIG.3.1 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF
THE METHODOLOGY
Sample Size: 50
Pre - test regarding knowledge on Organ Pre - test regarding knowledge on organ donation
4
CHAPTER – IV
DATA ANALYSIS
This chapter deals with the description of sample characteristics,
analysis and interpretation of data collected from the Arts students
regarding organ donation. This chapter represents the organization of
data and interpretation of data by using the descriptive and inferential
statistical methods .The data was collected and analysed as per the
objectives of the study. The analysis and interpretation is derived under
8 sections as given below:
Section VII : Comparison of pre -test and post- test level mean
knowledge score (experimental group and control group)
4
SECTION : I DESCRIPTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC
VARIABLES OF THE STUDY POPULATION IN
EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUP
Table-4.1: Demographic Profile
Group
Demographic variables Experiment(n=50) Control(n=50)
n % n %
Gender Male 42 84.00 41 82.00
Female 8 16.00 9 18.00
Religion Hindu 45 90.00 44 88.00
Muslim 3 6.00 2 4.00
Christian 2 4.00 4 8.00
Marital Married 2 4.00 3 6.00
Status Unmarried 48 96.00 47 94.00
Family size Nuclear family 26 52.00 27 54.00
Joint family 19 38.00 20 40.00
Extended family 5 10.00 3 6.00
Education Illiterate 5 10.00 7 14.00
status of the Primary education 11 22.00 8 16.00
father Secondary education 4 8.00 15 30.00
High school 16 32.00 10 20.00
High school 7
14.00 5 10.00
certificate
Graduate 7 14.00 5 10.00
Occupation Unemployed 2 4.00 1 2.00
status of the Unskilled worker 13 26.00 8 16.00
father Semiskilled worker 6 12.00 10 20.00
Clerk, Shop owner, 14
28.00 18 36.00
Farmer
Semi profession 8 16.00 8 16.00
Profession 7 14.00 5 10.00
Education Illiterate 7 14.00 9 18.00
status of the Primary education 13 26.00 7 14.00
mother Secondary education 9 18.00 12 24.00
High school 12 24.00 7 14.00
High school 4
8.00 6 12.00
certificate
Graduate 5 10.00 9 18.00
4
Group
Demographic variables Experiment(n=50) Control(n=50)
n % n %
Occupation Unemployed 35 70.00% 40 80.00
status of the Unskilled worker 4 8.00% 1 2.00
mother Semiskilled worker 3 6.00% 2 4.00
Clerk, Shop owner,
3 6.00% 3 6.00
Farmer
Semi profession 3 6.00% 1 2.00
Profession 2 4.00% 3 6.00
Monthly Below Rs. 2091 0 0.00% 0 0.00
Income of Rs. 2092-6,213 0 0.00% 0 0.00
the family Rs. 6,214-10,356 7 14.00% 10 20.00
Rs. 10,357-15,535 17 34.00% 19 38.00
Rs. 15,536-20,714 16 32.00% 10 20.00
Rs. 20,715-41,429 7 14.00% 9 18.00
Above Rs. 41,430 3 6.00% 2 4.00
Place of Rural 20 40.00% 25 50.00
Living status Urban 28 56.00% 22 44.00
Semi urban 2 4.00% 3 6.00
Source of Media 28 56.00% 29 58.00
information Health personnel 13 26.00% 16 32.00
regarding Peer groups 2 4.00% 2 4.00
organ Others
donation 7 14.00% 3 6.00
5
This table revealed that Regarding the gender the maximum
42(84%) students were male and 8(16%) students were female in
experimental group. Where as in control group the maximum 41(92%)
students male and 9(18%) students were female.
5
workers. 6(12%) in experimental and 10(20%) in control group are semi
-skilled worker. About 13(26%) in experimental and 8(16%) in control
group are unskilled worker. Out of the total participants 2(4%) in
experimental and 1(2%) in control group are unemployed.
5
in experimental group and 10(20%) in control group are having their
income scale between Rs.15,536 to Rs 20,714 per month. 7(14%) in
experimental group and 9(18%) in control group are having their income
scale between Rs.20,715to Rs 41,429 per month. 3(6%) in experimental
group and 2(4%) in control group are having their income scale above
41,430 per month as their total monthly income of the family.
5
SECTION-II : DESCRIPTION OF PRE - TEST KNOWLEDGE
LEVEL OF THE STUDY POPULATION IN EXPERIMENTAL
AND CONTROL GROUP
Table-4.2: Pre - test knowledge level in experiment and control group
5
SECTION-III: DESCRIPTION OF POST- TEST
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF THE STUDY POPULATION IN
EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUP.
Table-4.3 : Post - test knowledge level in experiment and control
group.
Experiment
Control group
group Chi square test
n % n %
Inadequate 0 0.00 44 88.00
Moderate 12 24.00 6 12.00 2=73.03
P=0.001***(S)
Adequate 38 76.00 0 0.00
Total 50 100.00 0 100.00
5
SECTION-IV : EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED
TEACHING PROGRAMME AND GENERALIZATION OF
KNOWLEDGE GAIN SCORE
Table 4.4: Effectiveness of structured teaching programme and
generalization of knowledge gain score
Mean
Difference of Percentage of
knowledge knowledge gain
Max Mean
gain score score with 95%
score score
with 95% Confidence
Confidence interval
interval
Experiment Pre-test 20 6.26 9.38 46.90%(43.30%–
Post-test 20 15.64 (8.66–10.07) 50.35%)
Control Pre-test 20 6.48 0.76 3.80%
Post-test 20 7.24 (-0.03– 1.51) (0.15%–7.55%)
5
SECTION-V: COMPARISON OF PRE - TEST AND POST -
TEST KNOWLEDGE LEVEL IN BOTH EXPERIMENTAL
AND CONTROL GROUP
Table-4.5: Comparison of pre - test and post - test level of knowledge score
The table describes to assess the level of knowledge in pre-test and post-
test. Considering Experiment group, in pre-test, 96.00% of them are having
inadequate knowledge score , 4.00% of them are having moderate level of
knowledge score and none of them are having adequate level of knowledge
score. in post-test, none of them are having inadequate knowledge score ,
24.00% of them are having moderate level of knowledge score and 76.00% of
them are having adequate level of knowledge score. There is a significant
difference between Pre-test and post-test knowledge score. and hence the
hypothesis (H1) is accepted.
5
SECTION-VI: COMPARISON OF DOMAIN WISE POST -
TEST KNOWLEDGE LEVEL IN BOTH EXPERIMENTAL
AND CONTROL GROUP
Table-4.6 Compare the domain wise post -test knowledge level in
experiment and control group
Knowledge
related to t=9.80
4.00 1.20 1.90 .93 2.10
organ P=0.001***(S)
donation
Knowledge
related to t=8.65
3.12 .80 1.38 1.18 1.74
donor P=0.001***(S)
classification
Knowledge
related to
t=10.92
different 4.70 1.53 1.98 .87 2.72
P=0.001***(S)
organ
donation
Knowledge
t=8.23
related to 3.82 1.24 1.98 .98 1.84
P=0.001***(S)
legal issues
Total t=21.31
15.64 1.80 7.24 2.12 8.40
P=0.001***(S)
5
difference is large and it is significant. It was tested using Student
independent t-test.
5
SECTION-VII : COMPARISON OF PRE -TEST AND POST-
TEST LEVEL MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE
(EXPERIMENTAL GROUP)
Table-4.7 Compare the pre - test and post - test mean knowledge score
in experiment and control group
Knowledge
t=10.51
related to
1.64 .94 4.00 1.20 2.36 P=0.001***
organ
(S)
donation
Knowledge
t=11.83
related to
1.12 .98 3.12 .80 2.00 P=0.001***
donor
(S)
classification
Knowledge
related to t=13.96
different 1.76 1.08 4.70 1.53 2.94 P=0.001***
organ (S)
donation
Knowledge t=9.74
related to 1.74 1.03 3.82 1.24 2.08 P=0.001***
legal issues (S)
t=27.18
Total 6.26 2.43 15.64 1.80 9.38 P=0.001***
(S)
6
COMPARISON OF PRE -TEST AND POST -TEST LEVEL
MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE (CONTROL GROUP)
Pre-test Post-test
Mean Student
Knowledge on Mean Mean
SD SD difference paired t-test
score score
Knowledge
t=1.56P=0.08
related to 1.72 .95 1.90 .93 0.18
(NS)
organ donation
Knowledge
related to t=0.58P=0.08
1.20 1.14 1.38 1.18 0.18
donor (NS)
classification
Knowledge
related to t=1.71P=0.07
1.78 .97 1.98 .87 0.20
different organ (NS)
donation
Knowledge
t=1.73P=0.07
related to legal 1.78 1.04 1.98 .98 0.20
(NS)
issues
Total t=1.93P=0.06
6.48 2.46 7.24 2.12 0.76
(NS)
6
SECTION-VIII
Table 4.8: Association Between Post - test Level Of Knowledge Score
And Demographic Variables (Experiment)
6
Post - test level of knowledge score
Chi
Demographic variables Inadequate Moderate Adequate N square
test
n % n % n %
Place of Rural 0 0.00% 9 45.00% 11 55.00% 20
Living
status Urban 0 0.00% 3 10.71% 25 89.29% 28
Semi urban 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 100.00% 2
2=8.17
Health
0 0.00% 2 15.38% 11 84.62% 13 P=0.02*(S)
personnel
Peer groups 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 100.00% 2
Others 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 7 100.00% 7
6
Fig. 4.1 Gender Distribution
GENDER DISTRIBUTION
100%
90% 84.00% 82.00%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
% of
30%
20%
16.00% 18.00%
10%
0%
Male Female
ExperimentControl
Chart Title
8.00%
Christian
4.00%
4.00%
Religi
88.00%
Hindu
90.00%
Axis Title
Fig. 4.3 Marital status of the distribution
MARITAL STATUS
100%
90%
80%
94.00%
6.00% 70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
96.00%
4.00% 20%
10%
0%
ExperimentControl
TYPE OF FAMILY
Experiment Control
54.0
70%
52.00
40.0
50%
38.00
% of
30%
6.0
10.00
10% Control
Experiment
25%
20% 22.00
15%
10% Control
Experiment
20.00%32.00%
10.00%14.00%
10.00%14.00%
5%
10.00
30.00
8.00%
%
0%
%
16.00
50%
36.0
28.0
26.0
40%
20.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
14.0
30%
12.0
10.0
Experiment
% of
4.0
20%
2.0
Control
10%
0%
Fig.4.7 Educational status of the Mother
18.00
0.25
14.00
0.2
% of
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
ExperimentControl
0.9
0.8
70.0
0.7
0.6 Experiment
% o studen
0.5 Control
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
8.0
0%
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
0%
0%
4.0
4.0
UnemployedUnskilled worker
SemiskilledClerk, ShopSemi Profession
worker owner, Farmer profession
Fig.4.9 Family monthly income of the participant
34.00%
38.0
40%
32.0
0%
30%
20.0
14.00%
14.00%
18.0
20% Experiment
Control
% of
6.0
0%
10%
0.0
0.0
0%
0%
0%
44.00
40.00
6.00
4.00
% of
50%
0%
4
0%
% of
3
20%
32.0
26.0
10%
0%
Experiment Control
10%
0%
ExperimentControl
Fig. 4.13 Post test Knowledge Score of the participants
88.00%
76.00%
Inadequate
% of
Moderate Adequate
24.00%
0.00% 12.00%
0.00%
Control
Fig 4.14: Simple bar diagram with 2 Standard error compares the college student pre test and post test knowledge score
Fig. 4.15. Comparison of post -test knowledge level in experimental and control group
PretestPosttest
4.16 comparison of domain wise pre-test and post-test knowledge score
90%
80.00% 78.00% 78.33%
80% 76.40%
70%
60%
% of
50%
38.00% 39.60%
40% 34.80% 34.50% 35.60% Pretest
32.80% 34.40% 33.00%
28.00% 29.33% 30.00% 29.67% Posttest
30%
20%
10%
0%
KnowledgeKnowledge Knowledge KnowledgeKnowledgeKnowledge Knowledge Knowledge
related torelatedrelated
to organdonor
to different organ related
donationtorelated torelated to legal
related
issuesorgandonor
to different organ related
donationto legal issues
donationclassification donationclassification
Experiment Control
Fig. 4.17 COMPARISION OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE IN EXPERIMENT
GROUP.
5 4.7
4.5
4
4 3.82
3.5
3.12
mean knowledge
3
2.5
2
1.64 1.76 1.74
1.51.12
1
0.5
0
knowledge related organ knowledge related donor knowledge related different knowledge related legal
donation classification organ donation issues
Axis Title
1.
1.
1
1.
1.
1.
mean knowledge
1.
1
80%
68.43%
70%
60.00%
60%
Inadequate
50%
40.00% Moderate
40% Adequate
% of
31.57%
30%
20%
11.53%
10%
0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
0%
Nuclear family Joint family Extended family
Fig. 4.20 Association between post- test level of knowledge score and mother education status
100.00% 100.00%
100% 91.67%
20%
8.33%
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00.%00% 0.00.%00%
0%
Illiterate Primary educSaetcioonndary educatioHnigh schoHoigl h school certificatGeraduate
Fig. 4.21 Association between post- test level of knowledge score and mother occupation stat
55.00% Inadequate
50% 45.00% Moderate Adequate
% of
40%
30%
20%
10.71%
10%
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
0%
Rural Urban Semi urban
CHAPTER-V
DISCUSSION
This chapter deals about the discussion of the study based on the
objectives and the hypothesis of the study with the appropriate statistical
analysis and the findings of the study. The purpose of the study was to
assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge
about organ donation among college students at selected Arts and
Science College in Chennai.
The study was conducted for 110 students, 10 students were drop
out in which 50students are assigned to experimental group and 50
students are assigned to control group. Arts and Science Colleges are
selected by randomized sampling technique. The study was conducted
among the first year B.A student.
6
26%in study group and 14% in control group students mother
educational status were primary education
56% in study group and 44% in control group students were living
in urban.
6
found that 14.4% of the study participants had adequate knowledge on
organ donation, 75.6% had moderate knowledge and 10% had
inadequate knowledge about organ donation.
6
Objective-2: To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching
programme on organ donation among the Arts and Science College
Student in experimental group.
6
The present study was also supported by S Pauline et al. (2017)
which was carried out in Lyallpur Khalsa College of Jalandhar, Punjab
regarding the knowledge about organ donation among young adults,
The results showed that only pre-test mean knowledge score were 12.52
of experimental group and 12.60 of control group whereas post-test
mean knowledge score were 19.14 of experimental group and 13.62 of
control group. The study found that inadequate knowledge is found in pre-
test assessment and after the education there was a significantly increase in
the mean knowledge score in experimental group than in control group.
The study concluded that structured teaching programme was effective to
providing knowledge about organ donation among young adults.
6
experimental group and 22.52±6.36 of control group. A positive
correlation exited in the post-test knowledge p>0.05) in experimental
group. One of the best ways is to educate adolescents.
Objective-3: To compare the pre- test and post- test level of knowledge
score in experimental and control group.
6
Considering knowledge related to legal issues, experimental
group students are having 3.82 knowledge score and control group
students are having 1.98 knowledge score, so the difference is 1.84, This
difference is large and it is significant. It was tested using Student
independent t-test.
The present study revealed Pre- test and the post -test knowledge
score of the participants. In experimental group 96.00% of them are
having inadequate knowledge score, 4.00% of them are having moderate
level of knowledge score and none of them are having adequate level of
knowledge score obtained in pre - test. In post - test, none of them are
having inadequate knowledge score, 24.00% of them are having
moderate level of knowledge score and 76.00% of them are having
adequate level of knowledge score in experimental group.
6
effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding organ
donation among adolescent boys. In pre- test majority of 18(60%) had
inadequate knowledge, 12(40%) had moderately adequate knowledge,
and 0(0%) had adequate knowledge. In post - test none of them had
inadequate knowledge, 15(50%) had moderately adequate knowledge,
and 15(50%) had adequate knowledge.
7
From the above findings it is revealed that the comparison of pre-
test and post- test knowledge gain score proves that the teaching
programme will be effective.
7
The semi urban students have more knowledge than the others. This is
is statiscally significant with 2=8.17P=0.02*(S).
The result of the present study were supported by following the studies.
7
effective It also depicted that there was a significant association
between pre-test knowledge score with their selected socio-
demographic variables like parents education, habitant and knowledge
about organ donation.
7
available information about the donation process and its positive
outcomes. Hence in experimental group there was a significant
association between the knowledge with medium of education,
residential area and source of information
7
CHAPTER-VI
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
This chapter deals with summary, findings, discussion,
implications, limitations, recommendations and conclusion. The essence
of any research project is based on study findings, limitations,
interpretation, of the research results and recommendations to
incorporate the study implications. It also gives meaning to the results
obtained in the study.
6.1. SUMMARY
Organ donation has proved to be a miracle for the society. Organs
such as kidneys, heart, eyes, liver, small intestine, bone tissues, skin
tissues and veins are donated for the purpose of transplantation. The
donor gives a new life to the recipient by the way of this noble act.
7
not prohibit people from donating organs. The advocates of the Hindu
religion state that it is an individual choice. Buddhists share the same
view point. The Catholics consider it as an act of love and charity. It is
morally and ethically acceptable as per them. The Christian Church,
Islam, United Methodists and Judaism encourage organ donation. Apart
from this, the political system of a country also impacts organ donation.
The organ donation rate can increase if the government extends proper
support. There needs to be a strong political will to ensure rise in the
transplant rate. Specialized training, creating awareness, care, facilities
and adequate funding must be provided to ensure a rise.
7
method and the validity was obtained from the experts of the community
health nursing department and Nursing Research department. The data
was entered into the excel sheet and analysed using descriptive and
inferential statistics. Student paired t test, and chi square test were used
to find the association and correlation. The data analyses were discussed
below:
7
Ample number of the student 35(70%) in study group and
40(80%) in control group students mother occupational status are
unemployed.
7
6.1.4 Findings related to effectiveness of structured teaching programme
IMPLICATIONS
The present study had certain nursing implication towards the
nursing education, nursing practice, nursing administration and nursing
research as follows.
7
6.2.1 NURSING EDUCATION
The nursing education is framed such a way that it equip the
nurses with the essential knowledge, attitude and skills for
meeting the needs of the society at primary, secondary and
tertiary levels.
This study will help the community health unit nurses develop
their knowledge & skill in awareness or organ donation. It also
help the nurses to create awareness among the home visit at their
door steps and his\her relatives.
The community health nurse involve the home visit to give health
education to the family members and adolescents regarding the
organ donation.
8
In-service education can be planned for the nurse to keep them
updated with latest guidelines on organ donation, process of brain
death, convincing the family members to donate the organs of
brain dead, preserving the organs after donation, guidelines to
transport the organs, etc.
8
Nurse educator has to pay more attention of training of non health
professional regarding organ donation. So that they can impart
appropriate knowledge to them and thusby motivate them to
donate their organs
6.5 LIMITATIONS
No standardized tools were available therefore the investigator
prepared a tool for the purpose of the study.
8
The study was confined to a small number of subjects which
limits the generalization that can be made.
CONCLUSION
College students will take up the role of promoting organ
donation. Hence there is a need to increase the knowledge gap regarding
organ donation among undergraduate students. However, more
comprehensive awareness programs are required to increase awareness
about organ donation and brain death. Media, religious leaders and
medical fraternity should be involved.
8
REFERENCES
BOOK REFERENCES
1) Dawson C. Introduction to Research Methods 5th Edition: A Practical
Guide for Anyone Undertaking a Research Project. Robinson; 2019 Jan 3.
14) Mike Walsh & Alison Crumbie. (2007). Clinical Nursing &
related Science. 7th edition. India: Elsevier publications.
15) Giri PA, Yuvaraj BY, Kamble MG, Solepure AB. Organ donation
and transplantation: knowledge and attitude amongst Indian
undergraduate medical students. International Journal Of
Community Medicine And Public Health. 2017 Oct 25;4(11):4303-
6.
16) Ha TT, Rui VK, Kiat TC. Educating Secondary School Students
about Organ and Tissue Donation Legislation: A Pilot Study.
Health Science Journal. 2016;10(3):1.
28) Siebelink MJ, Verhagen AE, Roodbol PF, Albers MJ, Van de Wiel
HB. Education on organ donation and transplantation in primary
school; teachers' support and the first results of a teaching
module. PloS one. 2017 May 22;12(5):e0178128.
36) Anker AE, Feeley TH. Why families decline donation: the
perspective of organ procurement coordinators. Progress in
Transplantation. 2010 Sep;20(3):239-46.
41) Tumin M, Rasiah R, Noh A, Satar NM, Chong CS, Lim SK, Ng
KP. Living kidney donation: the importance of public education.
Clinical transplantation. 2014 Apr;28(4):423-7.
NET REFERENCES
1) www.mohanfoundation.org
2) www.organdonor.com
3) www.organdonationinindia.org
4) www.organtransplantation.org
5) www.journalelsevier.com
6) www.annualreviews.org/toc/pubhealth/31/1
7) www.pubmed.com
8) www.encylopedia.com
9) www.organindia.org
10) www.researchgate.
STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE FOR DATA COLECTION
TICK THE CORRECT ANSWER
SECTION – A (DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES)
Sample no:
1. Gender
a. Male
b. Female
c. Transgender
2. Religion
a. Hindu
b. Muslim
c. Christian
d. Others
3. Married status
a. Married
b. Unmarried
4. Family size
a. Nuclear family
b. Joint family
c. Extended family
d. Other
5. Kuppuswamy socio economic status
i). Education status of the father
a) Illiterate
b) Primary education
c) Secondary education
d) High school
e) High school certificate
f) graduate
ii). Occupation status of the father
a) Unemployed
b) Unskilled worker
c) Semiskilled worker
d) Clerk, Shop owner, Farmer
e) Semi profession
f) Profession
iii). Education status of the mother
a) Illiterate
b) Primary education
c) Secondary education
d) High school
e) High school certificate
f) Graduate
iv). Occupation status of the mother
a) Unemployed
b) Unskilled worker
c) Semiskilled worker
d) Clerk, Shop owner, Farmer
e) Semi profession
f) Profession
v). Monthly Income of the family
a) Below Rs. 2091
b) Rs. 2092-6,213
c) Rs. 6,214-10,356
d) Rs. 10,357-15,535
e) Rs. 15,536-20,714
f) Rs. 20,715-41,429
g) Above Rs. 41,430
6. Living status
a. Rural
b. Urban
c. Semi urban
18. The important factor of Legal and ethical issues in Organ Donation
a) Forced donation and organ theft
b) With consent of relatives
c) With consent of client
2. நதந்
அ. இது்
ஆ.முஸ் லீந்
இ. கிறிஸ்
துயப் ஈ.
ந்கய
3. திருநண ி ிக
அ. திருநணநாயப ்
ஆ.
திருநணநாகாதயப
4. குடுந் அவு
அ. திி குடுந்ந்
ஆ.க குடுந்ந
ந
் ்
ூடடு க்க்ட்
்ட ட ்ட குடுந்ந
ந் ்
இ.
ீடடி்
ஈ. ந்கய
5. கு்பு
்பசாமி
ுசாமி பாரு
ா ருா
ாதப தபி ிக
v). ் யருநாந்
ந்
குடுந்
ததி
அ. ரூ. 2091 க்கு
கீம் ஆ. ரூ. 2092-
ரூ6213 இ. ரூ.
6214- ரூ10,356 ஈ.
ரூ. 10,357-
ரூ.15,535
உ. ரூ. 15,536 -ரூ.20,714
ஊ. ரூ. 20,715- ரூ.41,429
. ரூ. 41,430க்கு மந்
6. இரு்பிட
்பி ட
ி ிக
அ. கிபாநந்
ஆ. கபந்
இ. கபபு
் குதி
த தாந்
ந் பசன் னாந்
ா ந்.
அ. ஒரு சிறுீபகந், குதி நுகபம ப் , குதி
ககணனந் ஆ. ககணனந் நுகபம ப்
3. இதயபி்
தயபி் உட்
் உறு்பு
்பு தாந்
ந் மூந்
ந்
ததக
உமபகக
பகக கா்்
்் முடிமந
ந .்
அ. ஒ் று
ஆ. இபண் டு
இ. ஒ் து
4 . உட்
் உறு்பு
்பு தாந்
ந்
பகாடு்யபி்
்யபி ் யனது ்
இருக்க மயண் டுந்.
அ .>18 யனது
ஆ. <18 யனது
6. உமருட் இருக்குந்பாழுது
பகாடுக்கக்கூடின உறு்பு
தாந்
ந் ் த்
் பாரு
ா ரு்
் .
அ. மூக பசன்் ாாடு ி ்ி்வுட்
்
பகாடுக்கக்கூடின உறு்பு
்பு தாந்
ந்
ஆ. மீண் டுந் புது்பிக்கக்கூடின
திசுக்க் , இபததந் தாந், மதா்
ஆகினய் க உமருடிருக்குந்மாது பகாடு்து.
இ. இதபி்
தபி் பகாடுக்கக்கூடின உட்
் உறு்பு
்பு தாந்
ந்
7. ஆடமடாக்பா்ட்
்ட் ் பசா்லி்
்லி் பாரு
ா ரு்
்
அ. த்
மதாலிக தக்
க்மக
மக
ி டமிருது
டுதது கய்து
்து .
ஆ. மயப ாருயபிடமிருது
உறு்பிக டுதது
மாம்யபகளு
ா ம்யப
க்கள
குுக்கு கய்து
்து .
இ. இபடகட பிவி பிடந் இருது
உறு்பிக டுதது
மாம்யபகளு
ா ம்யப
க்கள
குுக்கு கய்து
்து
8. உறு்பு
்பு தாந்
ந்
இடபிநா்ந்
பி நா்ந் (paired exchange)
் த்் பாரு
ா ரு்
் .
அ. குடுந் உறு்பி ப்
ந் ண் ் பசன் மந்
ந் தாந்
ந் .
நறு
பக
ஆ. உவி
வி ப் அ்ாத ஒருயபிடந்
இருது
மாம்யபகளு
ா ம்யபக்கள
குுக்கு கய்து
்து .
இ.கடடான்டுததி உட் உறு்பு தாந் பசன் ன
கய்து.
9. உறு்பு தாந் இம்பீடு ்
பசா்லி்
் பாரு
ா ரு்
் .
அ. பிதா ்டடு உறு்பு தாந் பசன் யது.
ஆ. உட் உறு்பு, இபததயகக ஒ் ாக
பாருதுஉட் ் உறு்பு
்பு தாந்
ந் பசன் யது. யதிா
ா
16. உட்
் உறு்பு
்பு தாந்
ந் னாப் பசன் னகூடாது.
அ. HIV ாதி்பு
ந் மான்
ா ன ்உ்யபக
்யபக
நறு
புறு
ஆ. காசச்
் & சி உ்யபக
்யபக
இ. மூட்டு யலி உ்யபக
்யபக
17. உட்
் உறு்பு
்பு தாந்
ந் பசன்யத்கு
்க ு முக்கின
திசு
பிமசாதக . அ.
ஆ்
் டிபச்
்
ஆ. சுரு்
் டந்
ஆ. சி
ி பிமசாதக .
18. சடடந் நறுந்பறிமுக அ் ாத உறு்பு
தாந்
ந் ் த்
் பாரு
ா ரு்
் .
அ. கடடான்ததி உட் உறு்பு தாந் பசன் ன கய்து
ஆ.உவிபி்
வி பி
் அனுநதிம்ாந்
்ா ந் பசன் யது
இ.உவிபி
வி பி ் அனுநதிம ட் உறு்பு தாந் பசன்
யது
19. உட்
் உறு்பு
்த ாந் ந் பசன் னயத்
் காபணந்.
ஆ. பி உம பக் க ாதுகாக்க
ஆ. கருகக்
க்கா
காக க
இ. ணததி்காக
20.மூக பசன்ாடு
்ா டுி்ி ் றுவிட்டகத ததக
நருத யபக ் உறுதி பசன்ன மயண் டுந்.
து ்
அ. ஒரு அறுகய சிகிசகச ி ிபுப்
ப்
ஆ. ஒரு நருததுயப ்
இ. இபண் டு அறுகய சிகிசகச ிபுப ் நறுந் இபண்
டு
நருததுயப ்
STRUCTUTRED TEACHING
PROGRAMME
ON
ORGAN DONATION
College of nursing, madras medical college, Chennai -03.
STRUCTURE TEACHING PROGRAMME ABOUT ORGAN
DONATION
Name of the teacher : N. charulatha
Topic : ORGAN DONATION
Group : ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE STUDENTS
Number of students : 50
Duration : 1 hour
Venue :
Medium of instruction : English
Method of teaching : lecture cum discussion
Audio visual aids : power point, chart, flash cards
CENTRAL OBJECTIVES
At the end of the class, the students will gain adequate knowledge on Organ donation and develop adequate skills and
attitude towards organ donation.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of the class, the students will be able o
define organ donation
list out the types of organ donor
enlist the other types donation
describe the brain death
enumerate the parts of the organ donated
explain the organ donor criteria
mention the contraindications of organ donation
identify the legal aspects of organ donation
explain the reason for shortage of organ donation
Sl. Time Contributory Content Student Student AV Evaluation
No Objectives Teacher Activity Aids
Activity
1. 2mts define organ ORGAN DONATION Explaining Listening Roller What is
donation board organ
donation?
Organ donation is the donation of biological tissue
or an organ of the human body, from a living or dead person
to a living recipient in need of a transplantation.
Explaining Listening Chart What are all
2. 3mts list out the TYPES OF DONOR the types of
types of donor organ
donor?
1. Living donor
2. Deceased donor
Living donor
The donors remains alive and donate a renewable
tissues, or donate an organ or part of an organ in which the
remain in organ can regenerate.
Example
Single kidney donation
Partial donation of liver
Deceased donor
The donor have been declared brain dead and their
organs are viable b ventilators until they can be excised for
transplantation
Sl. Time Contributory Content Student Student AV Evaluation
No Objectives Teacher Activity Aids
Activity
3. 5mts enlist the other OTHER TYPES OF DONATION
types of Explaining Listening Black Any two
donation 1. Paired exchange Board types of
2. Compensation donation donation?
3. Altruistic donation
4. Forced donation
1. Paired exchange
Is a technique of matching willing donor to
compatible recipients e.g.: spouse
2. Compensation donation
Donors get money or other compensation in
exchange for their organs.
3. Altruistic donation
Is donating an organ to someone not
well known to the donor.
4. Forced donation
There have been various accusations that
certain authorities are harvesting organs from
undesirable people such as prison population.
LIVER
Part of liver
Sl. Time Contributory Content Student Student AV Evaluation
no Objectives Teacher Activity Aids
Activity
Cont.. Living donor can donate these part of organ Explaining Listening Ppt
KIDNEY
LIVER
Part of liver
Sl. Time Contributory Content Student Student AV Evaluation
no Objectives Teacher Activity Aids
Activity
Contd.. Explaining Listening PPT
PART OF PANCREAS
PART OF LUNG
Sl. Time Contributory Content Student Student AV Evaluation
no Objectives Teacher Activity Aids
Activity
Contd.. After death only can donate these organs Explaining Listening Ppt
Heart
Sl. Time Contributory Content Student Student AV Evaluation
no Objectives Teacher Activity Aids
Activity
Contd.. HANDS Explaining Listening Ppt
TISSUES
Sl. Time Contributory Content Student Student AV Evaluation
no Objectives Teacher Activity Aids
Activity
7 3mts mention the CONTRAINDICATION OF ORGAN DONATON Explaining Listening PPT Any two
contraindicatio 1. Any history of metastatic malignancy contraindicatio
ns of organ
donation
2. Any history of malignant melanoma n of organ
3. HIV infection donation?
LEGAL ASPECT OF ORGAN DONATION Explaining Listening PPT What are all
8. 3mts identify the Transplantation of human organ transplantation act the legal aspect
legal aspect of
organ donation
1994 aims of organ
donation?
AIMS
9. 2mts explain the REASON FOR SHORTAGE OF ORGAN Explaining Listening PPT What are all
reason for DONATION the reason for
shortage of
organ
shortage of
i. MISPERCEPTION organ
ii. Superstitious donation?
iii. Fear, misunderstanding, and ignorance
iv. Legal aspects
Sl. Time Contributory Content Student Student AV Evaluation
no Objectives Teacher Activity Aids
Activity
CONCLUSION Explaining Listening
Now we have discussed about definition, types
of donors, meaning of brain death, screening
test of organ donation, contraindication of organ
donation and legal aspect of organ donation
உறுப்பு தம்
முன்னுரர:
தத்தற்& &பணி&க ற் ன நதன அவு நற்றும் அனுகுமுக &க &ற்ரர ். நநலும் அவ்யக&ன உறுப்புதத்கத
குரிப்ிிட
ட் ்ட
ட நக்&ங்&ள்:
1.
உறுப்பு உறுப்பு தம் உறுப்பு
தம் தம்
யகபனக யர் உறுப்பு தம் ன்து உனிருள் அல்து இந்த ன்ல் ல்
ரிடநருந்து நித உடன் யிக்குதல் &யித்தல் ன்
உனிரினல் தசு அல்து உறுப்பு&க தம் பெய்யது ப்டும்.
Cont d……2
. &: ெறுறுீப&ம்,
குத &கணனம்
குத ஈபல்
3 Al t r ui st i c உறுப்பு த ம்:
6
Cont d. உனிருடன் இருக்கும் ப ழ ுது தம் பெய்ன கூடின உறுப்பு&ள்
1 ஒரு ெறுீப&ம்
2 குத &கணனம்
3 குத நுகபனபீ ல்
4 குத &ல்ீ பம்
ன்பன் உறுப்பு&ள் நற்றும் தசுக்&ள் தம் ற் மமம ், னர் உறுப்பு தம் பெய்னக் கூடதது, உறுப்பு தம் தட்டுப்டு யபக் &பணங்&கமம்ம்
அந்நதம்.
உறுப்பு த உறுப்ிர் அட்கடகன ஒவ்பயருயரும் தவு பெய்நயம். நண்ணுக்கு நகும் உறுப்பு&க ி
நிதர்நக யம
ம கயக்& ப&டுப்நம்.
INFORMATION TO PARTICIPANTS
Title : " ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING
PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ORGAN DONATION AMONG
COLLEGE STUDENTS AT SELECTED ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE
STUDENTS IN CHENNAI.
Investigator : N. Charulatha
Date :
Age/sex
You are invited to take part in this study. The information in this document is meant to help
you decide whether or not to take part. Please feel free to ask if you have any queries or
concerns.
You are being asked to Cooperative in this study being conducted in selected arts science
college students in Chennai.
What is the Purpose of the Research (explain briefly)
This research is conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme
on knowledge about organ donation among college students at selected arts and science
college students in Chennai.
We have obtained permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee.
Study Procedures
Study will be conducted after approval of ethics committee
A written formal permission will be obtained from authorities of school at Chennai to
conduct study.
The purpose of study will be explained to the participants.
The investigator will obtain informed consent.
Important Hint: to understand what exactly is meant by any report value – you can click
“Help Image” . It will navigate you to the most detailed explanation at our web site.
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10 இத்தம்
ருத்துல லயற்
யறளம்ளம அடிப்பளடகக சகண்
ண ்ட
டது து .
முக்கி உறுப்பு ற்றும் திசுக்கள் தானம் 2 மூளர மனம் உருத செய்ப்பட னலண்டும்
3 HI V பரினெதளன செய்தருக்
ரு க் க னலண்டும் 1 னித உருப்பு ற்று அறுளல ெகச்ச் ளெ
4 எல்ய இத்த பரினெதனகளரமம்ம் ென
செய்தருக்
ரு கக்க
முளமில் நடப்பதற்கு
னலண்டும்.
2 உடல் உறுப்ளப ளக ள்லதல் ஏற்படும்
5 HLA அண்டிசஜன் – தசு முளமனகட்ளடத் தடுப்பதற்கு
5 தசு
6 யங்ஹர்கன் தசுக்கள்
7 எலும்பு ஜ்ளஜ
8 நம்மபு்பு
குமிக்ககாள்:
ORGAN DONATION BRAIN DEATH 6. HLA (Human leucocyte
Organ donation is the donation of It is the irreversible and permanent
antigen ) is tissue matching
biological tissue or an organ of the cessation of all brain function. Brain can test. It is important in
human body, from a living or dead no longer send messages to the body to organ donation.
person to a living recipient in need of a perform vital function like breathing,
transplantation. sensation, obeying command et.
EYE DONOR CRITERIA
No upper age limit
1 year to greater than
65 yrs.
Deceased donor only
donate the eyes
In eyes, particularly
TYPES OF DONATION
ORGAN DONATION CRITERIA cornea only
1. Paired exchange transplanted
2. Compensation donation 1. There is no age limit, but is Within 4 to 6 hrs. Eyes
3. Altruistic donation based on the current are donated
4. Forced donation medical history of patients.
2. Dead by neurologic
criteria
3. Free of HIV
4. Medical history is
examined at the time of
death.
5. All serological test are
examined at the time of
death.
CONTRAINDICATION OF
ORGAN DONATON
1. Any history of metastatic
malignancy
2. Any history of
malignant melanoma
AWARENESS ON ORGAN
3. HIV infection
AIMS DONATION
Regulate, removal, storage
and transplantation of
human organ for
therapeutic purposes
To prevent commercial
dealing of an organ
Recognise the brain death.
REASON FOR SHORTAGE OF
ORGAN DONATION LEGAL ASPECT OF ORGAN
DONATION N. CHARULATHA,
Misperception MSC NURSING II YEAR,
Superstitious Transplantation of human organ
Fear, misunderstanding, transplantation act 1994 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
DEPARTMENT,
and ignorance
CON, MMC, CHENNAI -03
10/08/2019
N. CHARULATHA
M.SC. (NURSING) II YEAR, COLLEGE OF NURSING, MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE,
CHENNAI-03
Organ Donation
Organ donation is the process of removing tissues or organs from a live, or recently dead, person to be used in
1
10/08/2019
Skin – no count
Organ Donation
Type of donors
Some organs can be donated by a living person
Almost all organs can be donated by someone dead but this has to reach the recipient within a few hours after t
2
10/08/2019
Organ Donation
Type of donors
Some organs can be donated by a living person
Almost all organs can be donated by someone dead but this has to reach the recipient within a few hours after t
Organ Donation
Voluntary Donation
Opt Out - Where anyone who has not refused is considered as a donor
In India we have the Opt in system, while many western countries practice the opt out system
3
10/08/2019
Organ Donation
Organs for Donation
4
10/08/2019
Organ Donation
Organ shortage - reasons
Organ Donation
Improving Organ Donation
Currently organ donation can be termed as a "crisis with a cure." The following are some ways to improve organ
Improved patient care to facilitate easier approach for organ donation, in case of patient death
Trained transplant co-ordinators and grief counsellors
Improved hospital infrastructure
Qualified Intensivists and Surgeons
5
10/08/2019
Organ
Improving Organ Donation
Currently organ donation can be termed as a "crisis with a cure." The following are some ways to improve organ
Organ Donation
Role of society
Society plays a crucial role in transplant programme especially in case of cadaver transplants.
There is a urgent need for increased public awareness regarding organ donation and greater effort must be take
6
10/08/2019
7
COLLEGE OF
NURSING
MADRAS
MEDICAL
COLLEGE
PREPARED BY
N. CHARULATHA,
M.SC (NURSING) II YEAR,
COLLEGE OF NURSING,
MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE,
CHENNAI-03.
CONTENT
Marianne Williamson
IMPORTANCE OF
ORGAN DONATION
LIVING DONOR
The donors remains
alive and donate a renewable
tissues, or donate an organ or
part of an organ in which the
remain in organ can
regenerate.
Example
Singlekidney donation
Partial donation of liver
DECEASED DONOR
The donor have been
declared brain dead and their
organs are viable b ventilators
until they can be excised for
transplantation.
TYPES OF DONATION
Paired exchange
Compensation donation
Altruistic donation
Forced donation
BRAIN DEATH
It is the irreversible and
permanent cessation of all
brain function. Brain can no
longer send messages to the
body to perform vital function
like breathing, sensation,
obeying command et.
SPECIFIC
INDICATIONS FOR
ORGAN DONATION
HEART
end stage of heart
failure
ischemic heart
diseases
cardiomyopathy
LIVER
acute liver failure
Cirrhosis of liver
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
HepatitisC Infection
PANCREAS
Pancreatic cancer
insulin dependent diabetes
CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASE
A generalterm that refers
to a number of diseases
that damage the lungs,
most commonly as a result of
smoking.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
CONTRAINDICATION OF
ORGAN DONATON
REASON FOR
SHORTAGE OF ORGAN
DONATION
Misperception
Superstitious
Fear,
Misunderstanding, and
ignorance
AIMS
Regulate, removal and
transplantation of the
human organ
THANK YOU
GUIDED BY:
Dr. Joy Patricia Pushparani MD
Department of community medicine,
Associate professor ofcommunity medicine,
Madras Medical College,
Chennai-03.
Mrs.A.ThahiraBegum,M.Sc(N),MBA,M.Phil.,
Principal,
College of Nursing,
Madras Medical College
,Chennai-03.
Dr.R.Shankar Shanmugam,M.Sc(N),Ph.D,
Research HOD,
College of Nursing,
Madras Medical College,C
hennai-03.
Selvi. B. Lingeswari,M.Sc(N).,
HOD,Department of Community Health Nursing,
College of Nursing,
Madras Medical College,
Chennai-03.
Dr.G.Mala,M.Sc(N),Ph.D,
Department of Research,
CON ,MMC,CH-03.
-03
உடல ் உறுப்பு
தாம்
ம்
1
1. உறுப்பு தாம்
2. உறுப்பு தாத்தின் வகைைள்
ைாபணங்ைள்
10. முடிவுகப:
2
உறுப்பு தாம்
1) உனிருடன் இருக்கும்
சாழுது
ா ழு து சைாடுக்கும்
உறுப்பு தாம்.
3
உறுப்பிளன த னம்
செய்லது
எ. க: ெறுநீகம்,
பகுத களைம் பகுத
ஈல்
2 இந்நத
்த ின்
சைாடுக்கும் உறுப்பு தாம்
- மூளர ைைம் உறுத
செய்ப்பட்டவுடன்
அல்யது இமந்த பிகுகு சகடுக்கும்
உறுப்பு
தனம்
நற் வகைனா
உறுப்பு தாம்:
1 இளைில்ய உறுப்பு
த னம் – )
2 இறப்பட்டு உறுப்பு
தனம் ( )
3 அல்ட்ரூிஸ்
ிஸ்டி
டிக் க்
( )
4 நர்பந்த உறுப்பு த னம் ( )
4
1 இகணனில்ா உறுப்பு
தாம்:
உறுப்பு தாம்:
5
கட்டப்படுத்த உறுப்பு தனம் செய்தல்
வனிற்று உறுப்புைள்
1 இறுநீகம்
2 கல்யீ ல்
3 களைம்
6
4 குடல்
5 இளப்ளப
6 சடஸ்டிஸ்
7 கர்ரனி
்னி
8 வதல்
9 யங்கர்ஹன்ஸ் எலும்பு
ஜ்ளஜ
10 இத்ததம்
்தம்
7
பரிவெதளன செய் வலண்டும்.
இது சபருந்தனல் ட்டுவ உருப்பு
தனம் செய் முடிமம்
8
1 ஒரு ெறுநீகம்
2 பகுத களைம்
3 பகுத நுளல்
4 பகுத கல்யீ ம்
9
குிக்
ிககைாள்
்கைா ள் :
1 னித உருப்பு ற்று
அறுளல ெகச்ளெ ெ ன
முளமில் நடப்பதற்கு
2 உடல் உறுப்ளப ளகள்லதல்ல்
ஏற்படும் முளமவகட்ளடத்
தடுப்பதற்கு
3 மூளர ெவு அளடந்தளத
அமந்ந்து
து சக ள்லதற்கு
முடிவுகப:
உறுப்பு தனம் பற்ம கற்பித்தல்
தட்டத்தன் மூயம் உடல் உறுப்பு தனம்
என்மல் என்ன, ற்றும் அதன்
1
லளககள், உறுப்பு தனம்
செய் அரவுவகல் ல் , என்சனன்ன
உறுப்புகள் ற்றும் தசுக்கள் தனம் பற்மமமம ்,
ர்
உறுப்பு தனம் செய்க் கூடது,
உறுப்பு தனம்
தட்டுப்படு லக்
கைங்களரமம்ம் அமந்வதம்.
1
சபருள் சதகுப்பு ஆவயெகர்கள் அபசு
செவிினக்
ினக் ைைல் ல்லூ
லூரி ரி சென்க
நருத்துவக் ைல்லூரி சென்க – 03
திருநதி. N. ெத்னாபானணி,
விரிவுகபனார்ர்