ES EM Group 2 Reporting
ES EM Group 2 Reporting
PROCESS
HELLO! We are Group 2.
Members:
Balabag, Keziah Jeann
Dumaguit, Jill Elaiza
Gahit, Cecille Andrea
Lopez, Chamberlaine
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
01 PLANNING 02 ORGANIZING
03 DIRECTING 04 CONTROLLING
PLANNING
- Management Planning
PLANNING
Planning is the base of management. Planning is done with the
considerations of all the elements of business organizations
associated with its functioning for the intention, it has been set
up. It helps in determining the course of action to be followed
for achieving organizational goals.
PLANNING
Planning is basically deciding in the present about the future
objectives and the processes for their acquirements. Planning
depends on the mental state of the manager. It is a process that
involves thinking before doing something.
PLANNING
Planning is the process of looking forward. The most common
objective of planning is to achieve better results. It involves
developing policies, programs, strategies, budget, procedure
and making decision, etc. It is a continuous process that locates
at all levels of management.
PLANNING
Aldag and Stearns define planning as "the selection and sequential
ordering of tasks required to achieve an organizational goal" this definition
centers on the activity required to accomplish the goals.
The definition of Cole and Hamilton provides a better guide on how
to effectively perform this vital process. Planning according to them is
"deciding what will be done, who will do it, where, when and how it will be done,
and the standards to which it will be done"
Planning is selecting the best course of action so that the desired
result may be achieved.
Planning at Various Management Levels
Since engineer managers could be occupying
positions in any of the various management levels, it will
be useful for them to know some aspects of planning
undertaken at the different management levels.
Planning activities undertaken at various levels are as
follows:
1. Top management level - strategic planning
2. Middle management level - intermediate planning
3. Lower management level - operational planning
Planning at Various Management Levels
STRATEGIC PLANNING
- process of determining the major goals of the organization and the
policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.
The output of strategic planning is the strategic plan which spells out "the
decision about long-range goals and the course of action achieve these goals"
Planning at Various Management Levels
INTERMEDIATE PLANNING
- process of determining the contributions that submits can make with
allocated resources" Under intermediate planning, the goals of a subunit are
determined and a plan is prepared to provide a guide to the realization of the goals.
This plan is designed to support the strategic plan.
Planning at Various Management Levels
OPERATIONAL PLANNING
- process of determining how specific tasks can best be accomplished on
time with available resources. When performed it is supported by the strategic plan
and the intermediate plan.
The Planning Process
1. Setting organizational, divisional, or unit goals
- Sense of direction
Strategy: ways to realize the goals, course of action aimed at ensuring that the
organization will achieve its objectives
4. Setting standards
PURPOSE:
To guide, direct, arrange, coordinate and control the
activities related to production.
Stages of Organizational Process
1. The planning stage - determining what objectives should be pursued
and how they should be accomplished.
2. Organizing stage - The point at which the engineer determine how to
use their resources to achieve their objective.
3. Directing Stage - The manner motivates and direct people to work.
4. Controlling stage - Measurement and correction of performance.
1.Nature and essence of organization
FORMAL ORGANIZATION
FORMAL ORGANIZATION
The formal Structure is described by management through:
2. Formal Communication
1. Analysis- It is how the organization is structured, who reports to whom, and look for
any redundancies.
2. Goals and Mission- The goals, which should be based on measurable outcomes, will
help you in evaluating performance. The mission should serve as an overall goal that
reminds everyone what the organization’s purpose is.
3. Planning- In the planning stage, decide how the organization will reach its new goals
and mission.
Steps in Planning and developing organization
Some firms, for instance, will use annual growth rate as standard basis, while
other firms will use some other tools like the market share approach and position in the
industry.
Steps in the Control Process
3. COMPARING ACTUAL PERFORMANCE TO OBJECTIVES AND
STANDARDS
Once actual performance has been determined, this will be compared with what
the organization seeks to achieve. Actual production, for instance, will be compared with
the target output.
Steps in the Control Process
4. TAKE NECESSARY ACTION
The management of the construction firm found out that only 15 km were
finished after two months, any of the following actions may be undertaken:
1. hire additional personnel;
2. use more equipments; or
3. require overtime
Features of Controlling
1. Feedforward control
2. Concurrent control
3. Feedback control
Types of Control
1. FEEDFORWARD CONTROL
When management anticipate problems and prevents their occurrence, the type
of measure undertaken is called feedforward control. This type of control provides the
assurance that the required human and nonhuman resources are in place before
operations begin.
Types of Control
2. CONCURRENT CONTROL
When operations are already ongoing and activities to detect variances are
made, concurrent control is said to be undertaken. When deviations occur, adjustments
are made to ensure compliance with requirements. Information on the adjustments are
also necessary inputs in the pre-operation phase.
Types of Control
3. FEEDBACK CONTROL