Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CFLM1 Mendoza 123
CFLM1 Mendoza 123
BS Criminology
CFLM1
INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS
Ethics is a branch of philosophy which studies the principles of right and wrong of
human conduct. Right or wrong are qualities assigned to actions, conduct and
behavior.
It comes from the Latin word “ETHOS” which means “CUSTOMARY, BEHAVIOR OR
MORAL”. The two words Latin- “ETHICUS” and Greek “ETHIKOS” have the same
meaning which is customary.
Other definitions include: the science of the morality of man; study of human
motivation and ultimately of human rational behavior.
IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
1. INDISPENSABLE KNOWLEDGE- Moral Integrity is the only true measure of what man
ought to be. The most successful professional, is nothing unless he/she is morally upright.
2. Without moral perception, man is only an animal. Morality is the foundation of every
human society. Without civic morality, communities perish; without personal morality, their
survival has no value.
3. Without morality, man as rational being is a failure. When the moral foundations of a
nation are threatened, society itself is threatened.
POLICE BEHAVIOR
POLICE OFFICER- is a public official with the extraordinary power to make arrest, who
performs the direct police services such as patrol, investigation, traffic control and
other public safety services.
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to
build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our
ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence
and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
Section 3. (1) All educational institutions shall include the study of the Constitution as
part of the curricula.
(2) They shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity,
respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical
development of the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen
ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline,
encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological
knowledge, and promote vocational efficiency.
Section 4.(1) The State recognizes the complementary roles of public and private
institutions in the educational system and shall exercise reasonable supervision and
regulation of all educational institutions.
(2) Educational institutions, other than those established by religious groups
and mission boards, shall be owned solely by citizens of the Philippines or
corporations or associations at least sixty per centum of the capital of which is
owned by such citizens. The Congress may, however, require increased Filipino
equity participation in all educational institutions.
(3) All revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit educational institutions
used actually, directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt
from taxes and duties. Upon the dissolution or cessation of the corporate existence
of such institutions, their assets shall be disposed of in the manner provided by law.
Proprietary educational institutions, including those cooperatively owned,
may likewise be entitled to such exemptions, subject to the limitations provided by
law, including restrictions on dividends and provisions for reinvestment.
(4) Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants, endowments,
donations, or contributions used actually, directly, and exclusively for educational
purposes shall be exempt from tax.
Section 5. (1) the State shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and
conditions and shall encourage local planning in the development of educational
policies and programs.
(3) Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of study, subject
to fair, reasonable, and equitable admission and academic requirements.
(5) The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and
ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available
talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and
fulfillment.
LANGUAGE
Section 6. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be
further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other
languages.
Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the
Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of
official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.
The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall
serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.
Section 8. This Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and English and shall be
translated into major regional languages, Arabic, and Spanish.
Section 11. The Congress may provide for incentives, including tax deductions, to
encourage private participation in programs of basic and applied scientific research.
Scholarships, grants-in-aid, or other forms of incentives shall be provided to
deserving science students, researchers, scientists, inventors, technologists, and
specially gifted citizens.
Section 12. The State shall regulate the transfer and promote the adaptation of
technology from all sources for the national benefit. It shall encourage the widest
participation of private groups, local governments, and community-based
organizations in the generation and utilization of science and technology.
Section 13. The State shall protect and secure the exclusive rights of scientists,
inventors, artists, and other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and
creations, particularly when beneficial to the people, for such period as may be
provided by law.
(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the
country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.
Section 4. The Armed Forces of the Philippines shall be composed of a citizen armed
force which shall undergo military training and serve as may be provided by law. It
shall keep a regular force necessary for the security of the State.
Section 5. (1) All members of the armed forces shall take an oath or affirmation to
uphold and defend this Constitution.
(2) The State shall strengthen the patriotic spirit and nationalist
consciousness of the military, and respect for people’s rights in the performance of
their duty.
(3) Professionalism in the armed forces and adequate remuneration and
benefits of its members shall be a prime concern of the State. The armed forces shall
be insulated from partisan politics. No member of the military shall engage, directly
or indirectly, in any partisan political activity, except to vote.
(4) No member of the armed forces in the active service shall, at any time, be
appointed or designated in any capacity to a civilian position in the Government,
including government-owned or controlled corporations or any of their subsidiaries.
(5) Laws on retirement of military officers shall not allow extension of their
service.
(6) The officers and men of the regular force of the armed forces shall be
recruited proportionately from all provinces and cities as far as practicable.
(7) The tour of duty of the Chief of Staff of the armed forces shall not exceed
three years. However, in times of war or other national emergency declared by the
Congress, the President may extend such tour of duty.
Section 6. The State shall establish and maintain one police force, which shall be
national in scope and civilian in character, to be administered and controlled by a
national police commission. The authority of local executives over the police units in
their jurisdiction shall be provided by law.
Section 7. The State shall provide immediate and adequate care, benefits, and other
forms of assistance to war veterans and veterans of military campaigns, their
surviving spouses and orphans. Funds shall be provided therefor and due
consideration shall be given them in the disposition of agricultural lands of the public
domain and, in appropriate cases, in the utilization of natural resources.
Section 8. The State shall, from time to time, review to increase the pensions and
other benefits due to retirees of both the government and the private sectors.
Section 9. The State shall protect consumers from trade malpractices and from
substandard or hazardous products.
Section 10. The State shall provide the policy environment for the full development
of Filipino capability and the emergence of communication structures suitable to the
needs and aspirations of the nation and the balanced flow of information into, out
of, and across the country, in accordance with a policy that respects the freedom of
speech and of the press.
Section 11. (1) The ownership and management of mass media shall be limited to
citizens of the Philippines, or to corporations, cooperatives or associations, wholly-
owned and managed by such citizens.
The Congress shall regulate or prohibit monopolies in commercial mass
media when the public interest so requires. No combinations in restraint of trade or
unfair competition therein shall be allowed.
(2) The advertising industry is impressed with public interest, and shall be
regulated by law for the protection of consumers and the promotion of the general
welfare.
Only Filipino citizens or corporations or associations at least seventy per
centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens shall be allowed to engage
in the advertising industry.
The participation of foreign investors in the governing body of entities in such
industry shall be limited to their proportionate share in the capital thereof, and all
the executive and managing officers of such entities must be citizens of the
Philippines.
Section 12. The Congress may create a consultative body to advise the President on
policies affecting indigenous cultural communities, the majority of the members of
which shall come from such communities.
Katipunan Councils- There are two prominent factions of the Katipunan led respectively by
Andres Bonificio and Emilio Aguinaldo. Both gained support from different sectors of the
Katipunan. Bonificio had his Magdiwang Council and Aguinaldo had his Magdalo Council.
The MAGDIWANG COUNCIL had a sun with 16 rays. It uses similar red background of
the Katipunan flag. Some historians say that the number of rays is indefinite
however. This flag was believed to be the flag present when the Katipuneros tore
their cedulas upon their discovery.
The MAGDALO COUNCIL FLAG also used the sun. It had a prehispanic “K”
superimposed on the center. The sun had 8 rays to represent the first eight
provinces (Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Batangas, Laguna and Nueva
Ecija) that pledged its support to fight under Aguinaldo’s banner and to start the
Philippine Revolution.
The Revolutionary Government
The leaders of the Katipunan decided to fight under Aguinaldo’s banner. Aside fom
being formally educated, Aguinaldo was winning his battles while Bonifacio was
struck by a number of losses. For this same reason, Aguinaldo’s flag was said to have
become the basis for the design of the new flag of the revolutionary government-
the Sun of Liberty. This same revolutionary government was responsible for ordering
the execution of Andres Bonifacio. Bonifacio was charged with treason for inciting
rebellion against the new government.
The flag was approved on March 17, 1897 in Naic, Cavite.
“Sun of Liberty Flag” (March 17, 1897)
The first official flag of the revolutionary government of General Emilio Aguinaldo.
The first Filipino national flag. A red flag with a white sun of eight rays, symbolizing
the search of liberty. This was adopted by the revolutionary leaders at their assembly
in Naic, Cavite on March 17, 1897. It was a transformed version of the Aguinaldo-
Magdalo flag, with a mythological sun at the center.
The last revolutionary flag represented the desires for independence of the Filipino
nation as a whole, rather than the Katipunan society alone, for the sun (nation had
replaced the KKK ass the center of their sign.
On May 28, 1898, days after the return of General Emilio Aguinaldo from exile in
HongKong, Filipino troops were once again engaged in a battle against Spain forces
in Alapan, Cavite. Half month later, on June 12, 1898, following the proclamation of
independence from Spain, the same flag was waved by at Aguinaldo’s residence in
Kawit, Cavite, as the Marcha Nacional Filipina played. Aguinaldo wrote about this
unique feature of the Philippine flag in a letter to Captain Emmanuel A. Baja dated
June 11, 1925.
For 6 years, the Philippine Flag and other banners and emblems of the Katipunan
continued to proliferate. In response, the Philippine Commission, dominated by
Americans, passed Act No. 1697 or the Flag Law of 1907, which outlawed the display
of the Philippine Flag and replaced the country’s flag to the stars and stripes of the
United Stated of America.
It took 11 years until the Philippine Legislature, finally in the hands of elected Filipino
representatives and senators, repealed the Flag Law, through the efforts of
Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison, and reinstated the Philippine flag as the
official standard of the nation. Modifications were made to Aguinaldo’s flag: The sun
no longer had anthropomorphic features, and its rays were stylized. This design
would be used from 1919 until the inauguration of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines in 1935.
From 1919 to 1941 Flag day was celebrated on October of every year by virtue of
Proclamation No. 18, issued by Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison in
commemoration of the day the Flag Law was repealed.
In the aftermath of World War II, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was restored
and with it the specifications of the Philippine flag in accordance with Executive
Order No. 23, s. 1936. On July 4, 1946, Philippine independence was recognized by
the United States, giving birth to the Third Republic of the Philippines. In ceremonies
held at what is now Luneta, United States High Commissioner to the Philippines Paul
V. McNutt and Philippine President Manuel Roxas lowered the American flag for the
last time and in its stead rose the Philippine flag to henceforth fly alone on Philippine
soil, except in military bases still held and occupied by the United States Armed
Forces. Starting May 1, 1957, the Philippine flag was raised beside the U.S. flag in
U.S. military bases in the Philippines.
During Aguinaldo’s exile in Hongkong, he and Junta Patriotica or the Patriotic Council
devised was is to be known as the flag to represent the 1st Republic.
The flag was sewn by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina Natividad. It
was sewn at 353 Morrison Hill, Hong Kong.
This same flag was the flag raised during the declaration of the Philippine
Independencein kawit, Cavite, on June 12, 1898.
The flag retained dimensions of the Aguinaldo’s flag as well as the Mythological sun,
but without a face. Historians believed that the original flag used the red and blue
colors of the Cuban flag and was changed to the American colors since the American
colors where the only cloth colors available during the era.
In 1936, the Philippines became a Commonwealth of the USA.
By Executive Order, Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon specified the
dimensions of the flag which became the standardized specification of the flag
followed up to the present time.
The blue was changed to Royal Blue in 1998 as a compromise to the argument
regarding the use of a Cuban Blue, American (or navy) blue and sky blue in previous
flags.
The design of the new flag was decided by General Emilio Aguinaldo and the other
leaders after a great deal of discussion and study. The sketch was submitted to Mrs.
Marcela Marino de Agoncillo, who was living with her husband Don Felipe Agoncillo
at No. 535 Morrison, Hill Road, Hong Kong, where the other exiles lived.
This patriotic woman was requested by General Aguinaldo to make the flag because
of her skill in sewing, which she acquired from her hometown of Lipa, Batangas and
her student days at the Colegio de Santa Catalina, Manila.
SECTION 1. Short Title — This act shall be known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of
the Philippines.”
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy – Reverence and respect shall at all times be
accorded the flag, the anthem and other national symbols which embody the
national ideals and traditions and which express the principles of sovereignty and
national solidarity. The heraldic items and devices shall seek to manifest the national
virtues and to inculcate in the minds and hearts of our people a just pride in their
native land, fitting respect and affection for the national flag and anthem, and the
proper use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices.
SECTION 3. Definition of Terms — Whenever used in this Act, the term:
a. “Military” shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines including
the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the
Bureau of Fire Protection;
b. “Festoon” shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a
decoration;
c. “Flag” shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise;
d. “Fly” shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or length;
e. “Symbol” shall mean any conventional sign which reveals man’s achievement and
heroism (for orders and decorations), identification, authority and a sign of dignity (for coat-
of-arms, logo and insignia);
f. “Half-Mast” shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top
and bottom of the staff;
g. “Hoist” shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to which
the halyard is attached;
h. “Inclement Weather” shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality;
i. “National Anthem” shall mean the Philippine National Anthem’
j. “Official Residences” shall mean Malacañang, and other government-owned
structures where the President resides, and other structures occupied by the Philippine
Consulate or Embassies abroad;
k. “Places of Frivolty” shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous
merriment or recreation; and
l. “Institute” shall mean the National Historical Institute.
SECTION 4. The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white and red with an eight-
rayed golden-yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and honored
by the people.
SECTION 5. The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences public
plazas, and institutions of learning everyday throughout the year.
SECTION 6. The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the
year, in front of the following; at Malacanang Palace; the Congress of the Philippines
building; Supreme Court building; the Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila; Aguinaldo
Shrine in Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan; the Tomb of the
Unknown Soldier, Libingan ngmga Bayani; Mausuleo de los Beteranos dela
Revolucion; all International Ports of Entry and all other places as maybe designated
by the Institute. The flag shall be properly illuminated at night.
SECTION 7. The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and residences or
raised in the open flag-staffs in front of said buildings every April 9 (Araw
ngKagitingan); May 1 (Labor Day); May 28 (National Flag Day) to June
12 (Independence Day); last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day); November
30 (Bonifacio Day); and December 30 (Rizal Day); and on such other days as may be
declared by the President and/or local chief executives. The flag may also be
displayed throughout the year in private buildings or offices or raised in the open on
flag-staffs in front of private buildings: Provided, that they observe flag-raising
ceremonies in accordance with the rules and regulations to be issued by the Office of
the President.
SECTION 8. All government agencies and instrumentalities, and local government
offices, government-owned corporations and local government units are enjoined to
observe flag day with appropriate ceremonies. Socio-civic groups, non-government
organizations and the private sector are exhorted to cooperate in making the
celebrations a success.
SECTION 9. The flag shall be flown on merchant ships of Philippine registry of more
than one thousand (1000) gross tons and on all naval vessels. On board naval vessels,
the flag shall be displayed on the flagstaff at the stern when the ship is at anchor.
The Flag shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast when the ship is at sea.
SECTION 10. The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on top in time
of peace and the red field on top in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue
field shall be to the right (left of the observer) in time of peace, and the red field to
the right (left of the observer) in time of war. The flagpole staff must be straight and
slightly tapering at the top.
SECTION 11. If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall be at a prominent place and
shall be of such height as would give the flag commanding position in relation to the
buildings in the vicinity. If attached to a building, the flagpole shall be on top of its
roof or anchored on a sill projecting at an angle upward. If on stage or platform or
government office, the flag shall be at the left (facing the stage) or the left of the
office upon entering.
SECTION 12. When the Philippine flag is flown with another flag, the flags, if both are
national flags, must be flown on separate staffs of the same height and shall be of
equal size. The Philippine flag shall be hoisted first and lowered last. If the other flag
is not a national flag, it may be flown in the same lineyard as the Philippine flag but
below the latter and it cannot be of greater size than the Philippine flag.
SECTION 13. When displayed with another flag, the Philippine flag shall be on the
right of the other flag. If there is a line of other flags, the Philippine flag shall be in
the middle of the line. When carried in a parade with flags, which are not national
flags, the Philippine flag shall be in front of the center of the line.
SECTION 14. A flag worn out through wear and tear shall not be thrown away. It shall
be solemnly burned to avoid misuse or desecration. The flag shall be replaced
immediately when it begins to show signs of wear and tear.
SECTION 15. The flag shall be raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset. It shall be on
the mast at the start of official’office hours, shall remain flying throughout the day.
SECTION 20. The observance of the flag ceremony in official or civic gatherings shall
be simple and dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the anthem in its
original Filipino lyrics and march tempo.
SECTION 21. During the flag-raising ceremony, the assembly shall stand in formation
racing the flag. At the moment the first note of the anthem is heard, everyone in the
premises shall come to attention; moving vehicles shall stop. All persons present
shall :.ace their right palms over their chests, those with hats shall uncover, while
those in military, scouting, security guard, and citizens military training uniforms
shall give :.-.£ salute prescribed by their regulations, which salute shall be completed
upon the last note of the anthem. The assembly shall sing the Philippine national
anthem, accompanied by a band, r available, and at the first note, the flag shall be
raised briskly. The same procedure shall be observed when the flag is passing in
review or in parade.
SECTION 22. During the flag lowering, the flag shall be lowered solemnly and slowly
so that the flag shall be down the mast at the sound of the last note of the anthem.
Those in the assembly shall observe the same deportment or shall observe the same
behavior as for the flag-raising ceremony.
SECTION 23. The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all
buildings and places where it is displayed, as provided for in this Act, on the day of
official announcement of the death of any of the following officials:
a. The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;
b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives, for seven (7) days; and
c. Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any period less than
seven (7) days.
The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the
decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of an
incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of
Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined by the Institute.
The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to the peak for a
moment then lowered to the half-mast position. The flag shall again be raised briskly
to the peak before it is lowered for the day.
SECTION 24. The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of the
military, veterans of previous wars, national artists, and of civilians who have
rendered distinguished service to the nation, as maybe determined by the local
government unit concerned. In such cases, the flag shall be placed such that the
white triangle shall be at the head and the blue portion shall cover the right side of
the caskets. The flag shall not be lowered to the grave or allowed to touch the
ground, but shall be folded solemnly and handed over to the heirs of the deceased.
SECTION 25. The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag:
Ako ay Filipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan, at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos,
Makatao,
Makakalikasan, at
Makabansa.
Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right hand palm open
raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from
making such pledge must nonetheless show full respect when the pledge is being
rendered by standing at attention.
SECTION 26. The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is declared as Flag
Days, during which period all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of government,
business establishments, institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to
display the flag.
SECTION 27. The flag shall have the following proportions. The width of the flag, 1;
the length of the flag, 2; and the sides of the white triangle, 1.
SECTION 28. The technical specifications shall be as follows:
The blue color shall bear Cable No. 80173; the white color, Cable No. 80001
the red color, Cable No. 80108; and the golden yellow, Cable No. 80068.
SECTION 29. In order to establish uniform criteria in the making of our national flag
and to guarantee its durability by the use of quality materials, the following
standards and procedures shall be observed:
a. All requisitions for the purchase of the Philippine National Flag must be
based on strict compliance with the deisgn, color, craftmanship and material
requriements of the Government.
b. All submitted samples of flags by accredited suppliers offered for purchase
for government use shall be evaluated as to design, color and craftmanship
specifications by the Institute, through its Heraldry and Display Section, which shall
stamp its approval or disapproval on the canvass reinforcement of the flag sample
submitted. The samples shall be sent to the Institute by the requisitioning office, not
by the flag supplier; and
c. The Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) or the Philippine
Textile Research Institute (PTRI) of the Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) shall evaluate the quality of material of all flag samples and certify whether
the fabric for the blue, white, red and golden yellow colors, including the canvass
submitted, conforms to government requirement as to quality of the material. The
samples shall be submitted by the said office to the Institute.
SECTION 30. All deliveries of the flags requisitioned by the government shall be
inspected by the requisitioning agency’s internal inspector and by the Commission
on Audit (COA) using the flag stamped approved by the Institute as reference.
SECTION 31. In carrying out its responsibilities under Section 4 hereof, the Institute,
COA, the ITDI/PTRI shall prepare guidelines to be approved by the Office of the
President.
SECTION 32. All government agencies and instrumentalities shall ensure that the
requirements under this Act with respect to the standards, requisitions and delivery
of the national flag are strictly complied with.
SECTION 42. The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the arms as described in
the preceding section, but without the scroll and the inscription thereon.
Surrounding the whole shall be a double marginal circle within which shall appear
the words “Republika ng Pilipinas.” For the purpose of placing The Great Seal, the
color of the arms shall not be deemed essential but tincture representation must be
used. The Great Seal shall bear the National Motto.
SECTION 43. The Great Seal shall be affixed to or placed upon all commissions signed
by the President and upon such other official documents and papers of the Republic
of the Philippines as may be provided by law, or as may be required bv custom and
usage. The President shall have custody of the Great Seal.
SECTION 45. Such hearldic devices and items shall be filed with the Institute for
recording and evaluation as to precedence, design, customs and traditions. The
institute shall promulgate the corresponding rules and regulations which shall be
submitted for approval to the Office of the President or to Congress.
SECTION 46. All government offices including the military are hereby ordered to
purchase all heraldic items and devices from manufacturers accredited and
authorized by the Institute. Such items and devices shall be subject to inspection by
the purchasing agency’s internal inspector and the COA representative using the
design and specifications approved by the Office of the President or by the Congress,
through the Institute.
SECTION 48. Failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this Act; and any violation
of the corresponding rules and regulations issued by the Office of the President shall,
after proper notice and hearing, be penalized by public censure which shall be
published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation. The Department of
Education, Culture and Sports and the Commission on Higher Education, upon the
recommendation of the Institute and after the proper notice and hearing, shall cause
the cancellation of the recognition of permit of any private educational institution
which fails or refuses to observe the provisions of this Act for the second time.
SECTION 49. The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) and the
Commission on Higher Education shall ensure that the National Anthem, as adopted
by law, shall be committed to memory by all students of both public and private
educational institutions, and performed during the flag ceremony conducted in
accordance with the rules and regulations issued by the Office of the President. In
addition, they shall make available the vocal, piano or band scores of the National
Anthem, as adopted by law, to all private and public schools, as well as he general
public.
SECTION 50. Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the provisions of this
Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos
(5,000.00) not more than Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00), or by imprisonment
for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion
of the court: Provided, That for any second and additional offenses, both fine and
imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided, That in case the violation
is commited by a juridical person, its President or Chief Executive Officer thereof
shall be liable.
SECTION 52. The Institute shall also be responsible for the strict enforcement of the
provision of this Act. It may call upon any government department, agency, office, or
government instrumentality, including government corporations and local
government units, for such assistance as it may deem necessary for the effective
discharge of its functions under this Act.
SECTION 55. Effectivity — This Act shall be effective fifteen (15) days from the date of
its publication in Official Gazette or in at east two (2) newspapers of general
circulation.
Church of San Agustin or Paoay Church is known for its extravagant coral-block
buttresses and ornate stone finials and is among the 5 examples of tangible cultural
heritage in the Philippines. The construction of this world heritage site began in 1604
and was completed in 1710. Its coral stone bell tower, standing at some distance
from the church, was finished in the second half of the 18th century.
• Exhibits its remarkable features such as retablos (altars) of high Baroque style and
wall buttresses separating crypto collateral chapels. What makes this world heritage
site unique is its ceiling paintings in the tromp l’oeil style.
• Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park is one of the world’s most
impressive cave systems. What makes it to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Philippines is its uniquely and impressive features of spectacular limestone karst
landscapes, pristine natural beauty, and intact old-growth forests and distinctive
wildlife.
• Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park is one of the Philippines’ best diving spots where you
can see over 350 species of coral and almost 500 species of fish. The reserve also
protects one of the few remaining colonies of breeding seabirds in the region.
• Location:Ifugao Province/Type: Cultural
• Among the world heritage sites in the Philippines, the Rice Terraces of the
Philippine Cordilleras have such a powerful presence that makes them one of the
most outstanding places in the country. It also shows the harmony between
humankind and the environment.
There was no single common language across every cultural group in the Philippine
archipelago when the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, although chroniclers of
the time noted that the kings or chiefs of small polities normally spoke five
languages. The first dictionary of Tagalog, published as the Vocabulario de la lengua
tagala, was written by the Franciscan Pedro de San Buenaventura, and published in
1613 by the "Father of Filipino Printing" Tomas Pinpin in Pila, Laguna.
Spanish and English were considered "official languages" during the American
colonial period, there existed no "national language" initially. Article XIII, section 3 of
the 1935 constitution establishing the Commonwealth of the Philippines provided
that:
The National Assembly shall take steps toward the development and adoption of a
common national language based on one of the existing native languages. Until
otherwise provided by law, English and Spanish shall continue as official languages.
The order stated that it would take effect two years from its promulgation.On
December 31 of the same year, Quezon proclaimed Tagalog as the basis of
the Wikang Pambansâ (National Language) giving the following factors:
Its literary tradition is the richest of all native Philippine languages, the most
developed and extensive (mirroring that of the Tuscan language vis-à-
vis Italian). More books are written in Tagalog than in any
other autochthonous Philippine language but Spanish, but this is mainly by
virtue of law.
Tagalog has always been the language of Manila, the political and economic
center of the Philippines during the Spanish and American eras.
On June 7, 1940, the Philippine National Assembly passed Commonwealth Act No.
570 declaring that the Filipino national language would be considered an official
language effective July 4, 1946 (coinciding with the country's expected date of
independence from the United States). That same year, the Balarílà ng Wikang
Pambansâ (English: Grammar of the National Language) of grammarian Lope K.
Santos introduced the 20-letter Abakada alphabet which became the standard of the
national language.The alphabet was officially adopted by the Institute for the
Tagalog-Based National Language.
Filipino Food, Music and Sport
The Philippines' beaches and mountains have long outcompeted the local food for
the favors of tourists, but that's no reason to pooh-pooh Filipino cuisine outright.
FILIPINO FOOD
Filipino food is Malay, as the indigenous dishes are. It bears the marks of Chinese,
Spanish/Mexican, and American influence. The dishes from these cultures were not
copied verbatim, but adapted, indigenized, Filipinized. The result is this wealth
of sinigang, siopao-siomai, adobo, relleno, salad, barbecue. Filipino food is a
repertory.
Common condiments like fish sauce, dark soy sauce, native vinegar, and cream-style
shrimp paste are mixed with herbs including ginger, garlic, chili peppers,
peppercorns, onions, tomatoes, cilantro, and kalamansi lime to bring the flavors up a
few notches.
One of the more popular Filipino dishes among foreigners with Pinoy friends (due to
its customary presence in Filipino birthday parties) is pancit (noodles), of which
pancit guisado is perhaps the most well-known variant. This noodle dish is served as
a symbol for long life, hence an essential at birthday feasts
Sinigang’s versatility makes it a truly great dish for all. When Anthony Bourdain
unabashedly proclaimed the Filipino Lechon “the best pig ever”, it gained a global
reputation overnight. Lechon, derived from the Spanish word for “roasted suckling
pig”, is probably the most popular dish of the country.
FILIPINO SPORTS
The governing agency for sports in the Philippines is the Philippine Sports
Commission which was created in 1990 while the Games and Amusements Board is
the government's regulatory body for professional sports in the country.
The Philippine Olympic Committee (POC), a private entity is the sports body which
represents the Philippines in international sports competition sanctioned by
the International Olympic Committee including the Olympic Games
The Philippines has numerous traditional sports that were popular before the
colonial era and after the colonial era. Among these are archery, arnis, horse-riding,
fling sports, wrestling sports, dart sports, track sports, and traditional martial arts.
• Serving on juries.
Nationalism- A devotion and loyalty to one's own country. Nationalism is the belief
that your own country is better than all others. ... Patriotism is a healthy pride in
your country that brings about feelings of loyalty and a desire to help other citizens.
Nationalism is the belief that your country is superior, without question or doubt.
Development of Nationalism
The sense of national consciousness came from the Creoles, who now regard
themselves as "Filipino". It was brought to its advent by three major factors:
1) economy,
2) education and
3) secularization of parishes.
These factors contributed to the birth of the Filipino Nationalism.
Elements of Nationalism
• cultural. traditions that are unique to a specific ethnicity.
• Six Elements of Nationalism. cultural, religious, ethnic, territorial, language,
historical.
• religious. majority of population practices certain religion.
• ethnic. generally similar phenotype in people.
• territorial. ...
• language. ...
• historical.
Types of Nationalism
• Expansionist nationalism.
• Romantic nationalism.
• Language nationalism.
• Religious nationalism.
• Post-colonial nationalism.
• Liberal nationalism.
• Revolutionary nationalism.
• National conservatism.
Characteristics of Nationalism
• One Nation. An idea of a common government always implies in a nation. ...
• Distinction. ...
• Common Interest: Existence of same common interest shared by all is also one of the
most important features of nationalism.
Elements of Nationalism
the members of the party must have a shared history and culture, a single,
common language spoken by the greater majority of the population, a geographic location
that can be directly related to that nation.