UCSAP 4Q To Final Corrected

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
UNDERSTANDING
CULTURE, SOCIETY &
POLITICS
Quarter 4
Module 2
(DO_Q4_UCSP_SHS_MODULE2) 1
Understanding Culture, Society & Politics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Zoe Sarah R. Bejuco, Edna L. De Jesus, & Analyn D. Fabian
Reviewer: Maricion T. Rumbaua-Sabug, Ed.D
Editors: Dr. Leilanie M. Mendoza

Layout Artist: Raphael A. Lopez
Management Team:
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FILMORE A. CABALLERO, CID Chief
JEAN A. TROPEL, Division EPS In-Charge of LRMS
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Department of Education – National Capital Region – SDO VALENZUELA
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2
Man by nature is a “political animal”. Aristotle’s notable phrase in politics describes
man becomes man among others, living in a society governed by laws and customs.
The man develops his potential and realize its natural end in a social context. In this
module you will learn how people why human beings were considered as social and
political animal. It will help you explain the forms and functions of state and non-
state institutions.
Specifically, this will also help you to:
1. Analyze social and political structures; and

2. Differentiate functions of non-state institutions in society.
Complete the graph below by supplying the information needed. This is just to test
your prior knowledge with the two concepts.
State and Political Non-state

Organizations organizations
Definition: Definition:
Examples: Examples:
1 (DO_Q4_UCSP_SHS_LESSON1)
Lesson
Political and Leadership Structures
1
“No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of
the main. This excerpts a prose of John Donne explains that no one is self-
sufficient, that everyone relies on the company and comfort of others to live. With
these individuals tend to create connections, build networks, and form groups with
the people around them.
Social group can be defined as collection of people who regularly interact with one
another based on shared expectations concerning behavior and who share a sense
of common identity.
In our previous module, you have learned the forms and functions of social
organizations. Let us have a quick review on the concepts that you gained from the
previous module by defining each of the following below and by citing examples.
1. Primary group - ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Secondary group - ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Reference group - _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Human beings are social animals. This

leads them to form and join different
social organizations. But conflicts may
arise as the number of members
increases. This call for a need of an
establish political system to managed
conflicts and interests.
In this module, we will understand the
how individuals organized themselves
into social and political group. We will
also deal with the different non-state
organizations that has significant role in
the society.
POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS
Band is usually small, formed by several families living together; oftentimes moving
from one place to the other to search for food. Bands are egalitarian, meaning, all
families are equal. There is no class differentiation based on wealth; however, status
differences based on gender and age is well-defined. There is no formal leadership,
instead, those who possess special skills and knowledge can be raised to become
informal leader.
Tribe is more complex and larger than a band. As the population increases, there is
a shifting from a basic form of livelihood to a multiple way of living. Tribe is organized
through pan tribal associations in the form of councils, tribal leaders, elders, etc.
due to the presence of multiple communities in a tribe. Tribes are commonly headed
by a village headman who perform leadership roles but has limited political power.
Most tribes remain egalitarian.
Chiefdom has a more defined political organization. Chiefdoms have permanent,

fulltime leader with real authority to make major decisions. These leaders are
referred to as the “chief”. Formal leadership exists and authority rests solely on the
members of a select family. It is composed of several communities that is ruled by a
permanent paramount chief coming from this elite family. Power is inherited.
Chiefdom can either be simple chiefdom or complex chiefdom.
Nation is considered an imagined and abstract. It is imagined in the sense that

nation can exist as a state of mind, where the material expressions seen in actual
residence in a physical territory becomes secondary to the common connections
emanating from a common history and identity. It is abstract because nation is
objectively impersonal even if everyone is able to identify with other.
State is a political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding

over a group of people and a well0defined territory. It is thus the highest form of
political organization. Nation-state is when the citizens of a state belong to only one
nation.
Authority in relation to Legitimacy
Authority is the right to command. Authority is observed when an individual has a
command to make a person do things. Such act is a response to that person’s
perceived power. Authority is more than power. Authority is guaranteed by legitimacy
in a formal manner. What makes authority binding and worthy of obedience is its
legitimacy. Legitimacy gives form to authority.
Legitimacy is a “value whereby something or someone is recognized and accepted
as right and proper. For authority to be binding and stable, it must be legitimate.
Max Weber identifies three types of authority based on the source of their
legitimacy. These are traditional, charismatic, and bureaucratic authority.
Traditional authority derived its legitimacy from well-established customs, habits,
and social structures. Charismatic authority emanates from the charisma of the
individual, which for some can be seen as a “gift of grace”. Bureaucratic authority
draws its legitimacy from formal rules promulgated by the state through fundamental
and implementing laws.
Nonstate Institutions and Organizations
Bank is a place where people deposit or save their money with corresponding interest
on a given period.
Corporation is a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity and

recognized as such in law. Usually, corporations operate as stock corporations where
ownership is through stockholders who own shares in the company.
Cooperative or coop refers to an autonomous association whose membership is

voluntary toward the attainment of common economic, social, and cultural needs or
aspirations.
Trade union or labor union is an organization of workers whose main objective is

to protect the welfare of its members. Its purpose is to collectively negotiate
employers for better compensation benefits, safety standards in the workplace, just
to name a few.
Transnational Advocacy Groups are involved in social advocacy to promote

principled causes, ideas and values. Their goal is to give the powerless a voice in the
domestic and international lawmaking body. Common social advocacies include
human rights, consumer rights, women’s rights, environmental issues, and
international peace.
Global Organizations operate in the development of entire countries. They are the
funders and donors. They operate by giving loans or grants to other countries to be
used for development.
• World Bank (WB)

• International Monetary Bank (IMB)
• Asian Development Bank (ADB)
International Organizations are organizations with international membership,

scope or presence. The two (2) main types are the following:
International Non-governmental Organizations (INGO) – non-governmental

organizations (NGOs) that operate internationally, example, International
Committee of the Red Cross.
International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) – these are organizations that

are made up primarily of member states, example, the United Nations (UN).
Activity 1. Identify leaders from the different political organizations. Describe their
leadership and how each of them exercises authority. Explain on the third column
why you think they possess this type of authority.
Name of Leader and Description of Authority Explanation

Organization
1.
2.
3.
Activity 2. Identify all the non-state organizations found in your community. Then
analyze how these organizations contribute to the community.
Name of Non-state organizations Contribution to the Community
List down at least 5 keys take away in this module.
Make research on how the leaders of our country from local to national exercise their
authority during the pandemic. Make sure to read reliable sources. Then make a
paragraph reflection essay. Use spare sheet of paper for your answer. Below is the
rubric for assessment.
Rubric for the Task
Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine view regarding the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized 5 4 3 2 1
content.
Total points (15)
Identify the following. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
_____________1. It is the power to make binding decisions and issue commands.

_____________2. Defined as a political unit consisting of a government that has
sovereignty presiding over a group of people and well-defined territory
and has the highest form of political organization.
_____________3. It is formed by several families living together based on marriage ties,
common descendants, friendship affiliations and members usually
have common interest, or enemy.
_____________4. It is imagined in the sense that nation can exist as a state of mind,
where the material expressions seen in actual residence in a physical
territory becomes secondary to the common connections emanating
from a common history and identity.
_____________5. It draws its legitimacy from formal rules promulgated by the state
through its fundamental and implementing laws.
_____________6. It refers to a broad category of nonstate organizations representing a
company or group of people that engages in a lawful activity in relation
to a public function, such as the provision of a good or service to the
larger society.
_____________7. It refers to an autonomous association whose membership is
voluntary toward the attainment of common economic, social and
cultural needs or aspirations.
_____________8. World Bank, International Monetary Bank and Asian Development
Bank are examples of _____.
_____________9. United Nations is an example of ___________ organization.
_____________10. It is guaranteed by legitimacy in a formal manner.
Benjamin Franklin once said that “An investment in knowledge always pays the best
interest”. The continuous search for knowledge is important to keep on learning and
improving in all aspects of our lives. Primarily, the search for knowledge is the
foundation of education. In this module you will learn how the functions of education
affect the lives of people in the society.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. evaluate how functions of education affect the lives of people in society; and
2. promote primary education as a human right.
Complete the concept map by writing your idea on what you think is the importance
of education in the society.
Lesson
Education
2
In our previous module, you have learned the forms, functions, and processes of
the different political and non-state organizations. As a review, answer the two
questions below briefly.
1. Why are nonstate organizations important to society?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do you think bands, tribes, and chiefdoms do not exist in this modern
times?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Education is one of the most affected sector in the heights of CoVid 19 crisis.
The challenge on how to deliver quality education was the focus of every country.
Here is the statement of UNESCO on investing in education and youth amidst the
pandemic.
Education is a key topic affecting young peoples’ lives. Young people have first-hand
experiences of the very education challenges that are being discussed at global meetings and
they would like a say in the decisions that shape their future. Broadening spaces for youth
voices to shape the decisions made about their education is vital.
In the statement, youth identify two key challenges arising from the COVID19 learning crisis:
(i) Exacerbation of inequalities; (ii) Socio-economic fallout.
They have also identified two key opportunities where they would like to work together with
governments and decision-makers on: (i) Redefining the relevance of education; (ii) Investment
in and prioritization of youth.
Together, they call upon governments, donors and decision-makers to:
1. Leave no one behind. Those most vulnerable before COVID-19 are more affected now
than ever.
2. Guarantee adequate financing for education systems, including investment to achieve
connectivity for all, and continuous teacher development.
3. Ensure that every teacher is adequately valued and trained to deliver quality distance
learning and to be proficient in interactive teaching as well as 21st century skills
8
(DO_Q4_UCSP_SHS_LESSON2)
4.Reset current education systems and make them fit for purpose with a focus on
disseminating 21st century skills and competences
5. Promote free and public education of high quality that is accessible at all levels and end
student debt. Education is a fundamental human right, not a commodity.
6. Narrow the education divide within and between countries and regions through
distributive policies and increasing the weight of education in foreign aid schemes
7. Invest in and prioritize youth and students through representation
o This means bringing young people and students into decision-making
processes and to co-create solutions together for a better future
Invest in and prioritize youth through funding and support
o We recommend that no less than 50% of all the funding to education should
be co-decided with young people and students. We further recommend that
young people working on the ground to achieve quality inclusive education
should be prioritized with at least 25% of the total funding accorded
POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS
8. Aim for a #BetterNormal instead of “back to normal” with sustainability being the leading
principle.
Education is the social institution that formally socializes members of the society. It
also refers to the process through which skills, knowledge, and values are
transmitted from the teachers to the learners.
Formal education usually takes placed in a classroom setting and provided by
trained teaching and nonteaching staff. It has an approved curriculum, which
includes the course outline, the prescribed number of sessions to finish the lessons,
and authentic assessments and outputs. Nonformal education is an organized
educational activity that takes placed outside a formal set up. It has no age-limit,
even adults can take part in a nonformal education program. One example for this
is the Alternative Learning System (ALS) of the Department of Education.
Special education (SPED) refers to the education of persons who are physically,
mentally, emotionally, socially or culturally different from so-called “normal”
individuals, such that they require modification of school practices to develop their
potential.
Informal education is a lifelong process of learning by which every person acquires
and accumulates knowledge, skills, attitude from daily experiences at home, at work,
at play, and from life itself.
Functions of Education in the Society
• Give training in specific skills; or the basic general education literacy

• Prepare individuals for job
• Preserving culture from generation to generation
• Encouraging democratic participation through verbal skills
• Develop the person’s ability to think logically
• Enriching life by enabling the students to expand his/her intellectual and
aesthetic horizons
• Improving personal adjustment through personal counselling
• Improving the health of the nation’s youth
• Producing nationalistic citizens
• Build personal character
The two most important goals of education for the individual and society are
productive citizenry and self-actualization. Productive citizenry refers to an idea
that a citizen can create opportunities to become productive. Self-actualization refers
to a desire for self-fulfillment. If an individual’s self-fulfillment is through achieving
his dreams and aspirations in life, once these are achieved, he reaches the level of
self-actualization.
Maslow listed several characteristics of a self-actualized people. These include
the following: acceptance and realism, problem-centering, spontaneity, autonomy
and solitude and continued freshness of appreciation.
Primary Education as a Human Right

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right
to education. Education has to be free and compulsory at least in the primary level,
higher education and technical-vocational education should be made generally
available. In the statement of United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), education is a fundamental human right and essential for
the exercise of all other human rights. It promotes individual freedom and
empowerment and yields important development benefits. Education is a powerful
tool by which economically and socially marginalized adults and children can lift
themselves out of poverty and participate fully as citizens. Hence in the Philippines,
primary education is considered a right of a child. It is enshrined in the 1987
Philippine Constitution.
Activity 1. Make a poster on the role of education during CoVid-19 crisis. Use
separate page for your output. Below is the rubric for assessment.
4 3 2 1
The poster includes All but 1 of the

All required elements Several required
all required elements required elements
Required elements are included on the elements were
as well as additional are included on the
poster missing
information poster
All items of Almost all items of Many items of

importance on the importance on the importance on the Labels are too small
Labels
poster are clearly poster are clearly poster are clearly to view
labeled labeled labeled
The poster is All graphics relate to
The poster is
exceptionally the topic. One or two
attractive in terms of Graphics do not
Attractiveness attractive in terms of borrowed graphics
design, layout, and relate to the topic
design layout and have a source
neatness
neatness citation
Activity 2. Write 10 sentences to briefly explain your poster.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Make a collage that will show how the function of education affects the society.
Rubric for this activity will be given by your teacher.
Complete the statement below. This form will serve as your promise to do your duty
as member of society and a student as well.
I am ____________________________________________________________, of Grade
___________________ is a member of a community and part of the education
institution. I promise to _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.
For 10 points, create an infographics on the importance of formal and non-

formal education in the society. You can pass your output through online or by
drawing it in a clean sheet of paper.
Social stratification is a system of differentiation which includes social positions
whose occupations are treated as superior, equal or inferior relative to one another
in socially important respect. – Kurt B. Mayer
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. examine the economic organization and impact to lives of people in the
society;
2. analyze the characteristics of stratification from functionalist and conflict
perspectives; and
3. identify the characteristics of system of stratification.
Define each word/s in 1 sentence.

a. Class
b. Class System
c. Meritocracy
d. Income
e. Social
Stratification
Lesson Stratification System in Sociological

3 Perspective
Education serves as the most significant aspect of the society and a powerful tool to
become a catalyst of change. One must keep in mind the functions of education in
the society.
• Social control and change

• Reconstruction of individuals experiences
• Development of moral and social value
• Providing equality and opportunity
• Training ground for leadership
• Inculcation of social and civic responsibility
• National Integration
Analyze the picture and answer the questions below.
https://opinion.inquirer.net/130168/editorial-cartoon-may-26-2020
Guide Questions: (1 pt. each)

1. What event or idea does the picture refer to?
_______________________________________________________________
2. Who are the group of people that are represented in the picture?
_______________________________________________________________
3. What is the message of the picture and how does it persuade the readers?
_______________________________________________________________
Read the discussions and answer the questions that follow.

Social stratification refers to society’s categorization of the people in the rankings
of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, race, education, and
power. It can also be described like a distinct vertical layer of rock where society’s
layers are made of people where society’s resources are distributed unevenly through
layers. On the top of the layers are the people who have more resources while the
others who have fewer resources represents the lower layers of our society.
Stratification is not just about the individual inequalities but on the systematic
inequalities based in group membership and classes.
Social stratification is therefore a classification whereby people are rank and evaluate
based on wealth authority, influence, and status. This brings formation of several
levels in the society and identified as social classes or group of people who share
related position or status. They are also referring to families that shares same status
according to criteria of evaluation in the system of stratification. There are three
social classes that exists in the Philippine setting.
a. The upper class that has high personal income, inherited wealth, and eco
nomic influence.
b. The middle class includes the small businessman, teachers, merchants,
traders with modest income.
c. The lower class earn with low incomes with little or no savings and
unemployed.
Social mobility is also noticeable in the social stratification. It tells the movement of
one individual or group from social class into another. Family position and affiliation
to wealthy members of the society are viewed as useful to achieve success. The
backer system is used to advantage for employment and other purposes.
In the words of Karl Marx, the Father of Scientific Socialism in his A Preface to a
Critique of Political Economy “In the social production of their life, men enter definite
relations that are indispensable and independent of their will; these relations
of production correspond to a definite stage of development of their material
forces of production. The sum total of these relations of production constitutes
the economic structure of society—the real foundation, on which rises a legal and
political superstructure, and to which correspond definite forms of social
consciousness. The mode of production of material life determines the social, political,
and intellectual life process in general. It is not the consciousness of men that
determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines
their consciousness”
Class System refers to position of individuals according to their access to means of
production and contribution to productive labor. Parents who can afford to send their
children to exclusive schools promotes better advantage for their children. In the
class system, access to education is considered as a ticket to success it has become
the means to accepted means to advanced one’s social mobility. This is supported by
Bell’s Theory on Education-based meritocracy where education is viewed as greatest
social equalizer. Therefore, our society is open to movement of individuals from lower
class to relatively higher class. This is one of the several systems of stratifications.
The other systems are namely, Slavery, Estate systems and Caste Systems. This
system varies on the degree of the vertical mobility, the chances of rising and falling
in the stratification ladder. Open Societies is the most common in the society where
people can have more chances of moving up or down the ladder of social stratification
vertically. On the other hand, in Closed Societies, individuals have no chances of
moving either up or down in the ladder of social stratification.
THEORIES ON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Theoretical
Major assumptions
perspective
Functionalism Stratification is necessary to induce people with special

intelligence, knowledge, and skills to enter the most important
Theoretical
Major assumptions
perspective
occupations. For this reason, stratification is necessary and

inevitable.
Stratification results from lack of opportunity and from

Conflict discrimination and prejudice against the poor, women, and
people of color. It is neither necessary nor inevitable.
Symbolic Stratification affects people’s beliefs, lifestyles, daily

interactionism interaction, and conceptions of themselves.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/8-2-explaining-stratification/
What is the function of social stratification?

In the Functionalist Perspective, society is seen as a complex system where parts work
together promoting solidarity and stability. The society is looked through a macro-
level orientation focusing on social structures that shape society. The Davis-Moore
Thesis (Davis & Moore, 1945) emphasizes on the greater the functional importance
of social role, the greater must be the reward. Social stratification characterizes
inherent unequal value of work. Some tasks in the society are more valuable than
others and qualified people filling these positions must be rewarded. Functionalist
theorist believed that stratification plays a vital role in the society because it serves
important functions in the society.
The Conflict Theorists supposed that stratification is only harmful and caused
dysfunction to the society as it only benefits the powerful and the rich at the expense
of the poor. The winners who are rich and powerful stays on top while the poor stays
at the bottom of the pyramid. In Conflict Theory, the society is viewed as a conflict
between the needs and interests of the powerful and the rich or “haves” in the society
over the poor or the weak the “have-nots” in the society. This will bring us back to
the core theory of Karl Marx referring to classes in society. The ruling class shapes
and controls the ideas in the society. They shape the ideas justifying the social order
to decrease the chance of the poor to challenge it. This is to refrain the poor to achieve
class consciousness being aware of their oppressed state.
Symbolic interaction theory on social stratification explains everyday interactions of
individuals to explain the society. It tries to look at the society on a micro-level
perspective. In this theory, the “haves” in society is looked gives a sense of a
conspicuous consumption, the show-off of the rich and the famous of their
extravagant lifestyles through their fancy stuffs, food, gadgets, and other materials
of wealth. In this perspective, peoples’ appearances also reflect the perceived social
standing. The type of house, way of dressing, fashion accessories, hairstyle and even
transportation indicates social status.
Discussion Questions: (5pts.each)
1. Does social stratification play an important role in the society? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. How does social stratification influence the everyday interactions of
individuals? Illustrate an example.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Answer each question and give illustrations to prove your answer.

1. Explain the stratification of society in the Philippines. What type of social
stratification perspective does it apply?
______________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think there is a possibility that social stratification of all kinds will be
eradicated? Explain.
______________________________________________________________________
Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The theory that affects the beliefs, lifestyles, and everyday interactions of every
individual.
a. Conflict Perspective c. Linear Perspective
b. Functionalist Perspective d. Symbolic Interaction
2. Danica came from a well-off family. She always posts her new bought clothes
and accessories and her travel pictures in the social media. This behavior in
social stratification can be an illustration of ____________
a. Conspicuous consumption c. Obsessive Compulsive
b. Narcissistic Disorder d. Soc-med Influencer
3. This promotes that stratification is necessary and inevitable to promote
solidarity and stability in society.
a. Anti-Social Theory c. Functionalist Theory
b. Conflict Theory d. Symbolic-Interaction Theory
4. All are classifications of stratifications in the society, EXCEPT:
a. Caste System c. Estate System
b. Class System d. Pyramid System
5. In the Philippines, one can go up or down freely in the ladder of social
stratification. This type of society is characterized as__________
a. Closed Society c. Gemeinschaft
b. Estate d. Open Society
6. He believed that no economic class should have power over the other. His
famous books are Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital.
a. Adam Smith c. John Locke
b. Baron de Montesquieu d. Karl Marx
7. Theory emphasizing on the greater the functional importance of social role,
the greater must be the reward ________
a. David-Moore Theory c. Maslow Theory
b. Engel-Marx Theory d. Pavlov Theory
8. The following are the types of theoretical perspectives in social stratification,
EXCEPT:
a. Functionalist Perspective c. Socialism Theory
Theory d. Symbolic Interaction Theory
b. Conflict Theory
9. Adrian, at a very young age was bound to take up medicine by his parents for
the belief that it is one of the highest paying jobs in the country. This type of
mindset is an example of _______
a. Functionalist Perspective c. Socialism Theory
Theory d. Symbolic Interaction Theory
b. Conflict Theory
10. Ideology is central to Conflict Theory.
a. False
b. True
a. Symbolic-Interaction Theory
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
In our contemporary times, there are only three system of stratification that remains
in our society: The Caste System, Slavery, and Class System.
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. identify the system of stratification in society;
2. analyze the characteristics of system of stratification; and
3. understand the social mobility system.
Arranged the jumbled letters to form a word and provide their meanings.
1. CLITNFOC YORHET _________________-_________________________
2. SHAVE _________________-_________________________
3. LARK XRAM __________________-_________________________
4. ETYICOS __________________-_________________________
5. SALIMNOTIFUCN __________________-_________________________
Lesson
Stratification System
4
The primitive society shared a common social standing evolves and began to elevate
some members and now, our society has founded its complex system of social
ranking called as Stratification in which there is an unequal distribution of wealth
in the society. Historically, going back to hunting and gathering society had less
stratification. The welfare of the society is depended on the sharing of its members.
The society took equally the rearing and socialization of children, shared food, and
other goods equally. No group emerged as better than the others. But in due time,
the society emerged into a horticultural and pastoral society that led to social
inequality. The people learned to plant and breed animals as source of foods. As the
society began to grow larger, division of labor becomes a necessity that led to
stratification and job specialization. People also began to trade goods and services
and began accumulating possessions. In the 18th century, Industrial Revolution
began in Great Britain and this event also led to an increased in the social
stratification. The gap between the “haves” and the “have-nots” widened. According
to sociologists, there are four types of systems of stratifications and sometimes found
in conjunction with the other these are:
1.Slavery- is the extreme form of inequality in the society and its basis is economic.
It has existed in agrarian societies where slaves are asset in production.
2. Estates- found mostly in the European society in the Medieval Period as category
in a feudal system. In this system, men are assigned their strata according to birth,
military strength, and landholdings. It is created politically according to man-made
laws. The normal divisions were threefold: the clergy the first (high estate), the
nobility (the second estate) and commoners (third estate)
3.Caste System - in the Indian culture is the most common based on
ascription. This is a system of inherited inequality as the guiding principle. It
assumes that each person is pre-ordained a place and occupation and
society at birth.
4. Social Class - This is the most common in the modern industrial society.
Draw a symbol that describes the social stratification of society in each period in the
Philippine History. (5pts.each)
Pre-Colonial Spanish American Japanese Contemporary

Period Period Period Period
The status of people is often determined by the social strata, and this can include
wealth and income, social class, ethnicity, gender, political status, and religion. It
also based upon on a Closed or Open System. According to Melvin Tumin there are
characteristics of social stratification.
1. It is social
Stratification does not represent inequality which are biologically based.
Biological traits do not determine social superiority and inferiority until it is
recognized socially. A teacher for example, gains a dominant position in the
field is not investigate their physical strength or age but their educational
trainings, skills, experiences, and personality found to be more important
than biological qualities to attain their social defined traits.
2. It is ancient
The gap between the rich and the poor, powerful and humble, freeman and
slaves started since the dawn of the civilization.
3. It is universal
The concept of social stratification is universal. It is always present in the
society.
4. It is in the diverse forms
There are different forms of social stratification in all societies.
5. It is consequential
the system of stratification leads to two kinds of consequences:
Life Chances and Lifestyle.

a. Life Chances refers to infant mortality, longevity, physical and mental
illness, marital conflict, separation, and divorce.
b. Lifestyles on the other hand refers to mode of housing, residential area,
education, and recreation.
Functions of Social Stratification
A. For the Individual

a.1.Competition
- Individuals attributes aim for greater recognition.
a.2.Recognition of Talent
- People are given recognition and better position based on skills,
trainings, experiences, and education.
a.3.Motivation
- The people are motivated to improve their social status.
a.4.Job Satisfaction
- When job is given to a person according to their skills and experiences,
they feel a job satisfaction.
a.5.Mobility
-Achieved status can provide an upward and downward mobility for
individuals.
B. For the Society
b.1. Ascriptive Form
b.2. Achieved Form
Social Mobility
The concept of social mobility was introduced by Pitirim Sorokin in his book Social
and Cultural Mobility. He emphasizes that there is no society that is completely open
(i.e., class system) and no society that is completely closed (caste system in India).
Mobility provides people benefit because they are motivated by different factors in
the society and working toa better standard of living.
Types of Social Mobility

1. Horizontal Mobility
This is a change in religious, territorial, political, or occupational shift with no
change in vertical position. For example, a person who changes occupation,
but overall social standing remains unchanged.
2. Vertical Mobility
A change in the occupational, political, religious status that causes change in
societal position. Individual moves from social stratum to another ascending
or descending.
3. Upward mobility
This is when an individual moves from a lower position to a higher position.
4. Downward mobility
This is the opposite of the upward mobility when an individual moves from a
higher position to a lower position.
5. Inter-generational mobility
It happens when social position changes from one position to another. The
change can be upward or downward.
6. Intra-generational mobility
It is the change in the societal position that occurs during a lifespan of a single
generation.
Compare and contrast the Caste System in Japan and India. (15 pts.)
Attributes Caste System in Japan Caste System in India
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Poster Project
Create a poster that will explain the Philippine Social Class System. (10 pts.)
In your poster you need to have:
a. Types of Social Mobility
b. Functions of Social Stratification
Read and comprehend each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the form of consequence in the stratification that refers to the

mortality, longevity, physical and mental illness, marital conflict, separation,
and divorce?
a. Life Chances c. Lifestyle Check
b. Lifestyles d. Life Encounters
2. When an individual moves from a lower position to a higher position it is
called?
a. Downward mobility c. Inter-generational mobility
b. Horizontal mobility d. Upward mobility
3. Who wrote the book Social and Cultural mobility that describes mobility in
society?
a. Francis Bacon c. Karl Marx
b. John Locke d. Pitirim Sorokin
4. What is the type of social stratification that is non-existent in most societies

in the contemporary period tracing its roots in the Middle Ages?
a. Caste System c. Slavery
b. Estates d. Social Class
5. What type of social mobility that occurs when Don Pablo a well-known
nouveau-rich went bankrupt because of his addiction to casino and lavish
lifestyle?
a. Downward mobility c. Vertical mobility
b. Horizontal mobility d. Upward mobility
6. All are functions of social stratification for individual, EXCEPT:
a. Ascriptive c. Job Satisfaction
b. Competition d. Motivation
7. Caste System remains in India today.
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
8. The following are characteristics of social stratification, EXCEPT:
a. Ancient c. Consequential
b. Competitive d. Universal
9. Social Stratification is ALWAYS diverse
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
10. Back in the Middle Ages, the bourgeoisie belongs to what estate?
a. First Estate c. Third Estate
b. Second Estate d. Fourth Estate
Social inequality resulted from the society where there is hierarchy of class, race and
gender that unequally distributes access to resources and rights. It is visible in the
society in different forms like income and wealth inequality, unequal access to quality
education and resources and even judicial system.
At the end of the lesson the learners are expected to:
1. analyze the characteristics of social inequality; and
2. understand the 2 main views of social inequality in sociology.
Lesson
Social Inequality
5
Find the words in the puzzle.
Mobility Income Closed System Open System Estate
Make a poster to answer this question.

How would you like to see yourself 10 years from now, if there would be no inequality
in the society? (10pts.)
The class (economic order), status (honor) and party (power) are essential dimensions
of social inequality. It is a state of unequal distribution of valued goods and
opportunities and even burdens in the society. A good can refer to income or
employment while burdens are criminality, substance abuse, unemployment, and
marginalization.
Types of Inequality
1. Natural- it refers to sex, age, height, and weight.
2. Man-made- it can be horizontal or vertical for instance, the occupational
group.
Social capital as a set of shared values where individuals work together to achieve
a common purpose. It can be information, innovative ideas, and future opportunities.
In business, it can contribute to a company’s success by building a sense of shared
values and mutual respect.
There are two types of social capital. Bonding refers to the social capital created
within a group with shared interest and goals. Bridging is the creation of social
capital across groups. Nowadays, the internet has revolutionized the social capital
examples are social media, social networking and even app like Airbnb, Grab, Lazada
and Shopee. Sometimes social capital also brings disadvantages it can be both
manipulative and destructive. There are three main theorists that discusses the
social capital Bourdieu (1986), Putnam (1993) and Coleman (1988). Bourdieu saw
social capital as property of individual derived from social position and status. It
resides in the individual that is linked to social connections that can be used for
advancement.
Economic inequality refers to the distribution of income and opportunity between

different groups in the society. In the study conducted by Anneli Kaasa with a title,
Factors of Income Inequality, and their influence mechanisms: A theoretical overview,
there are categories that affect the economic inequality these are economic
development, demographic factors, political factors, cultural and environmental
factors, and macroeconomic factors.
TYPES of ECONOMIC INEQUALITY

1. Income Inequality – extent to which income is unevenly distributed in group
of people. Income refers not only to money as payment but also as money
received from employment, investments, interest on savings, share of stocks,
pensions and rent.
2. Pay Inequality- refers to payment form employee can be hourly, monthly, or
annual basis.
3. Wealth Inequality- the total amount of assets of individual or household.
Inequality of wealth refers to unequal distribution of assets in the group of
people.
In the study conducted last 2011 by the Stratbase Research Institute, the Philippines
has the highest income inequality rate among the Association of the Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) showing that Philippines marks 44 percent higher than Thailand
with 42.5 percent, Indonesia with 39.4 percent, Malaysia’s 37.9 percent, and
Vietnam with 37.8 percent. Aside from the rising inequality within and among the
countries the ADB highlighted other key challenges like poor governance and
corruption. To make growth sustainable, Asian countries must address poverty,
equality of access and opportunity, focus on education, entrepreneurship,
innovation, and technological advancement.
Social Inequality refers to relational processes in society that have limiting or

harming effect on a group social status, social class, and social circle. It also includes
access to the right to suffrage, freedom of speech and assembly, extent of property
rights and access to quality education, health care, housing, travelling,
transportation, and other goods and services. Social inequality is also linked to
economic inequality where disparities in the economic assets and income between
the overall quality and luxury of person’s existence within the society. It exists
because there is lack of wealth in certain areas that refrain people from getting same
healthcare, housing, and others.
Social inequality in a larger sense is also linked to racial inequality, gender
inequality, and wealth inequality. The social behavior of people through sexist or
racist and other forms of discrimination practices trickles down and affect the
opportunities and wealth the individuals can get for themselves.
In the article by the Joseph Rowtree Foundation, December 2008 issue aside from
the social and economic inequality there are also other inequalities that is happening
in our society. There are five types of inequality.
a. Political equality includes civic equality and equality before the law.
b. Equality of outcome or result, the equality of income and wealth.
c. Equality of opportunity often called as equality of access or life chances.
d. Less examined idea, equality, or treatment and
Equality of membership in the society
Write at least 5 arguments supporting the two opposing views about inequality.
(10pts.)
Inequality is natural and is good Inequality is not natural and is harmful
Cut and paste a picture from old magazine or newspaper that illustrates inequality
in the Philippines. (10pts.)
Write TRUE on a separate sheet of paper if the statement is correct otherwise FALSE.
____1. Social inequality is also linked to racial inequality.

____2. Pay inequality is the unevenly distribution of income to people.
____3. Political inequality is the inequality in the distribution of income and
opportunity.
____4. There is inequality in the membership in the society.
____5. Inequality of wealth refers to unequal distribution of assets in the group of
people.
____6. Sexism and Racism is another form of social inequality.
____7. Fixed capital as a set of shared values where individuals work together to
achieve a common purpose.
____8. Bridging is the creation of social capital across groups.
____9. Economic inequality is linked to social inequality.
____10. Social equality includes civic equality and equality before the law.
The world’s global inequality is the result of the two centuries unequal progress.
There are unfair opportunities that some people enjoy healthy and wealthy lives while
the other people are not. This global inequality among countries and societies is
rooted in the regional differences, racial differences, gender differences, and
inequalities. This should be addressed by the government of each nation and states
thru government policies and regulations.
1. understand the causes of global inequality; and
2. identify the government policies and programs in addressing social
inequalities.
Global inequality as defined by the Open Education Sociology Dictionary refers to the
limitation of resources to few core nations and a wealthy minority of corporations or
individuals. Global inequality refers to inequality between ‘world citizens’, comparing
the incomes of individuals across the globe. It includes within-country inequality
based on data collected from household surveys. There are factors that cause global
inequality.
1. Access to healthcare- the lack of accessibility to healthcare, doctors, nurses,
medicines, vaccines are likely to affect people from preventable causes.
2. Economy-Some countries are poorer/richer than others. This means that
they might not have roads or hospitals, or schools. Some people are also
poorer/richer. It means people might not have jobs or clothing or food.
Without a good economy and good jobs, people cannot afford basic needs.
3. Political stability-Not all places have a stable government. Think of all the
ways that your government is involved in your life (jobs, schooling, roads, food
production, almost everything!). Without a stable government, it is hard to live
in a place that is safe and healthy.
4. Basic human rights and equality-Not all places have the same basic rights.
Some places do not allow women to work or vote. Some places persecute
people who are LGBTQ. There might be less rights related to job safety. There
might be less rights related to disability. There might be less rights related to
being a child, or a senior citizen. These places have a shorter life expectancy,
especially for people who are directly affected.
5. Geography-Some places are more dangerous naturally. If you live in an active
earthquake zone, or somewhere extremely cold/hot, or live in a place
surrounded by dangerous animals, it can shorten the average life expectancy
of that area.
6. Education and access to information-Education helps people make their
own lives better, through jobs and opportunities. It also helps a country
become better, with better solutions to their problems.
7. Access to water, food, and sanitation facilities-Not everyone in the world
has access to safe drinking water that is not full of bad germs or chemicals.
Not everyone has access to nutritious food. Not everyone has access to proper
toilets and sewers. All these things are important to stay healthy.
There are several ways to measure inequality. Generally, three main methods can be
distinguished:
a. Within- or intra-country inequality, which addresses income inequalities within

a country.
b. Between-, cross- or inter-country inequality (also referred to as international
inequality), which compares income differences between countries.
Global inequality, which encompasses both within- and between-country
inequalities.
Lesson Policies Addressing Social
6 Inequalities
Define the following:

a. Social Inequality- _____________________________________________
b. Economic Inequality- _________________________________________
c. Political Inequality- ___________________________________________
Check if it is a YES or a NO
Statement YES NO
1. Do most people in your family or community have a
college/university degree or diploma?
2. Can most people in your family or community read and write
(that are old enough to do so)?
3. Do you have a place to call home, with a roof and walls?
4. Do you have an internet connection at home or at school?
5. Are you able to get safe drinking water?

6. Do you have enough good, nutritious food to eat?
To eradicate inequalities across the world, there is governmental and non-

governmental efforts through implementation of institutional arrangements on the
field of fiscal, social, and economic policy according to Agenda for International
Development
Pro-poor fiscal policy

Income redistribution is achieved by fiscal policy mainly, but it does not limit itself
to income transfers from the rich to the poor. In informal markets, fiscal incentives
for poorer entrepreneurs can encourage them to enter the formal sector, provide
social security for them, and they make easier to pay taxes according to status and
profits.
Better Targeting of Social Program

Targeting helps to reduce income inequality and inequalities related to education and
health. Income transfers programmed can have a greater and longer-term impact if
better targeting is used, ensuring people with wider gaps in access and income
inequality are participants of the programmed.
This can be done using geographic targeting (selecting the regions with a higher
prevalence of poverty) or using surveys to estimate if a potential beneficiary is poor
or how poor she is. There is also the possibility of participatory targeting, where
people from the community identify and validate the selection of beneficiaries.
Participatory Decision-Making
This strategy focuses on increasing the voice of the poor. Poor people often face an
inequality of participation in policy making. Designing participatory methodologies
to include their perspective in public policy can help reduce the gaps of power to
decide over policies, which affect them and their communities. Participation does not
limit to decision making, it can include monitoring and evaluating results and impact
of social policies too.
Revision of legislative framework that foster inequality

This strategy can help to identify discriminatory laws or laws that generate
inequalities among people or regions. Laws that do not recognize domestic labor as
productive; or social security systems that do not provide universal access.
Promotive action
Discrimination against certain groups of population might isolate them and limit
their access to opportunities for a better wellbeing.
Addressing regional inequality

Improving access to roads, communications and markets can have a great impact on
reducing poverty and opening opportunities for marginalized groups.
Differentiated poverty reduction policies

Extreme poverty is usually associated to systemic inequality and chronic poverty.
Meanwhile, transient poverty is more related to the effect of shocks and a higher
social mobility rate. Different policies are needed to address each case of poverty: a
temporary employment programmed might work for transient poverty, but it may be
inefficient for chronic poverty related, for example, to a disability or to address
poverty experienced by refugees. Understanding the dynamics of poverty can work
to design more efficient policies and having a bigger impact on chronic poverty.
Measuring other inequalities, rather than just income inequality

An example of this kind of inequalities can be seen in more time spent on non-paid
activities by women; higher poverty levels by indigenous groups; more difficulties to
start business activities by poorest entrepreneurs; inequalities in school attendance
by women and several others; limited access to markets (both labor and goods).
Program monitoring and evaluation

Sound public expenditure evaluation can determine if a social programmed is being
efficient on reducing inequality or poverty. Design, performance, and impact
evaluation can also increase public support for social programmed by demonstrating
they are effective.
In the Philippines, according to the study of Albert Jimenez in his Addressing the
Inequality in the Philippines, he emphasizes the significant role of the government
in addressing the issues and challenges in eradication of the inequalities in all
aspects of the society of the Filipino nation whereas there are three important values
that is investigated to government initiative in addressing these issues.
1. Cultural Patrimony- Social inequity tapers when citizens work together with
a single mindset for their country. In truth, the love of the country is important
for national success. Unfortunately, we have lost our national identity because
of western culture.
Singapore, South Korea, and Vietnam were the poorest countries in Asia half a
century ago. Their national and cultural identity was a critical bond that pushed
citizens to move as one and save their country. The Philippine government needs to
unite the country through programs that produce national pride and cultural
patrimony.
2. Godly Character- Corruption has always been the disabler of successful
government programs. Therefore, ensuring a godly character learned at the
grassroots encourages honesty and trustworthiness. Godliness has value. An
expanded “Good Manners Right Conduct” (GMRC) is an effective strategy as a
DepEd school curriculum. Filipino’s harmonious nature, coupled with godly
character, ensures good governance, respectful citizens, and hard-working
people.
3. Personal Responsibility- Filipinos should repeatedly be taught that
collectivism is a bad socialist idea. The government is not the solution to social
inequities but individual responsibility. We must work on our individual
growth that triggers positive social changes.
Executive Order No. 43 s. 2011 organized the cabinet members into clusters with
key programs to building a social contract to Filipino people addressing the
challenges of the current issues that deals with the inequalities in the society.
The key programs are:
a. Good Governance and Anti-Corruption that will promote transparency,
accountability, and participatory governance.
b. Human Development focusing on the improvement of the quality of life of the
Filipinos with its key programs such as Human Development and Poverty
c. Reduction Cluster, Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (CCT), K to 12 Basic
Education, Responsible Parenthood and Sin Taxes.
d. Economic Development Cluster shall focus on the promotion of rapid,
inclusive, and sustained economic growth. The programs under this cluster
are the Public-Private Partnership and Philippine Development Plan 2011-
2016.
e. Security Cluster shall ensure the preservation of national sovereignty and the
rule of law; and focus on the protection and promotion of human rights and
the pursuit of a just, comprehensive, and lasting peace. (National Security
Policy 2011-2016 and PAMANA Program)
f. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Cluster shall focus on the
conservation, and protection of the environment and natural resources. It
shall take the lead in pursuing measures to adapt to and mitigate the effects
of climate change on the Philippine archipelago; and undertake all the
necessary preparation for both natural and man-made disasters. (Project
NOAH and National Green Program)
Write your thoughts about Global Inequality and how to address this current issue.
Write your answer in the box below. (10 pts.)
Complete the table below enumerating the causes, effects, and solutions to Global
Inequality. (15pts.)
CAUSES EFFECTS SOLUTIONS
Fill in the correct word to complete the selection.
1._________ is the love of the country is important for national success.

Unfortunately, we have lost our national identity because of western culture.
Singapore, South Korea, and Vietnam were the poorest countries in Asia half a
century ago. Their 2. ______ and 3. ______ was a critical bond that pushed citizens to
move as one and save their country.
4._________ ensuring each Filipino learned at the grassroots encouraging honesty
and trustworthiness. Godliness has value. An expanded 5. ________ is an effective
strategy as a DepEd school curriculum. Filipino’s harmonious nature, coupled with
godly character, ensures 6. _________ 7. ________ and 8. ________ people.9. __________
is working on individual growth that triggers positive 10. ___________
Cultural patrimony good governance
National Cultural identity
Godly character Good Manners and Right Conduct
Respectful citizens Hard working
Personal responsibility social changes
Social change is generally universal, but every society undergoes changes that is
affected by time and space. The rate of social change happens as technology
advances. The sociologist identified the four key sources of social, cultural, and
political change: innovation, diffusion, acculturation, and assimilation.
1. identify the ways to address the social inequalities (local, national, and global);
and
2. human responses to emerging challenges in contemporary societies.
Answer each questions briefly. (5pts.each)

1. Why is change inevitable to society?
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Do you think a society can survive without undergoing going change? How?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Lesson Human Responses in Contemporary

7 Challenges in the Society
In the modern world, there are major transformations that resulted from increase in
population, advancement in technology, and environmental changes create
challenges to human adaptation and social change. Change is inevitable in the
society and people use different ways and means to respond to change and manage
impact to individual and society.
In the Philippines, challenges are responded by forming cause-oriented groups that

is represented by the civil society and non-governmental organizations that is
active in cooperation with the government agencies in giving the services and
resources to the people in the community.
Participatory Governance is significant in giving opportunities to the voiceless sectors
in the society in raising their views and feelings to address their issues and concerns.
They also play a proactive role in community decision making and planning
processes.
Participatory democracy is a discourse of collective behavior which values the
contribution of people generating change and transformation in the society.
Collective efforts are not only representations of solidarity but also viewed as a major
medium in addressing the social, cultural, and political change.
In the dawn of the technology advancement, new forms of media and social
networking became one of the vehicles in people’s equitable access to information
and ideas. This technological development is a great victory for democracy as popular
participation can be handily realized with one click. Because of this, information
access in the government policies and inconvenient truths become so readily
available to public. It gives the people awareness and be involved in the policy
decision making process.
Social movements organized by groups of people dissatisfied with the social and
political conditions. Most of these groups represents the pro-poor platforms to raise
awareness to become socially and politically active.
Types of Social Movements
Ideology – is a coherent system of beliefs, values and ideas that justifies the
movements existence.
Formal and Bureaucratization help make social movements more efficient.
Millenarian and cultist movements which are religious and mystical in orientation,
Social movements bring out the small improvements in social conditions of the
society. Resources are also important to any social movement these can be in the
form of money, people, media, and knowledge.
How does innovation, diffusion and acculturation contribute to the rise and fall of
human civilization? Write your thoughts inside the box. Explain and illustrate
your answer. (10pts.)
Provide the significance of the following major inventions. (1pt.each)
Invention Significance
1. computer
2. ATM
3. Smart Phone
4. Elevator
5. Airplane
Complete the phrase.

1. Change is _________________________________________________________________.
2. Participatory Democracy is significant because______________________________.
3. Social Movements plays an important role in________________________________.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – SDO Valenzuela
Office Address: Pio Valenzuela Street, Marulas, Valenzuela City
Telefax: (02) 8292-4340
Email Address: [email protected]
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Zoe Sarah R. Bejuco, Edna L. De Jesus, & Analyn D. Fabian

Reviewer: Maricion T. Rumbaua-Sabug, Ed.D

Editors: Dr. Leilanie M. Mendoza

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – National Capital Region – SDO VALENZUELA

Office Address: Pio Valenzuela St., Marulas, Valenzuela City

1. Analyze social and political structures; and

State and Political Non-state

Human beings are social animals. This

Chiefdom has a more defined political organization. Chiefdoms have permanent,

Nation is considered an imagined and abstract. It is imagined in the sense that

State is a political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding

Corporation is a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity and

Cooperative or coop refers to an autonomous association whose membership is

Trade union or labor union is an organization of workers whose main objective is

Transnational Advocacy Groups are involved in social advocacy to promote

• World Bank (WB)

International Organizations are organizations with international membership,

International Non-governmental Organizations (INGO) – non-governmental

International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) – these are organizations that

Name of Leader and Description of Authority Explanation

Name of Non-state organizations Contribution to the Community

List down at least 5 keys take away in this module.

Rubric for the Task

Identify the following. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

_____________1. It is the power to make binding decisions and issue commands.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Why are nonstate organizations important to society?

• Give training in specific skills; or the basic general education literacy

Primary Education as a Human Right

The poster includes All but 1 of the

All items of Almost all items of Many items of

Activity 2. Write 10 sentences to briefly explain your poster.

For 10 points, create an infographics on the importance of formal and non-

Define each word/s in 1 sentence.

Lesson Stratification System in Sociological

• Social control and change

Guide Questions: (1 pt. each)

Read the discussions and answer the questions that follow.

THEORIES ON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

Functionalism Stratification is necessary to induce people with special

occupations. For this reason, stratification is necessary and

Stratification results from lack of opportunity and from

Symbolic Stratification affects people’s beliefs, lifestyles, daily

What is the function of social stratification?

Answer each question and give illustrations to prove your answer.

Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Pre-Colonial Spanish American Japanese Contemporary

Life Chances and Lifestyle.

A. For the Individual

Types of Social Mobility

Attributes Caste System in Japan Caste System in India

1. What is the form of consequence in the stratification that refers to the

4. What is the type of social stratification that is non-existent in most societies

Find the words in the puzzle.

Mobility Income Closed System Open System Estate

Make a poster to answer this question.

Economic inequality refers to the distribution of income and opportunity between

TYPES of ECONOMIC INEQUALITY

Social Inequality refers to relational processes in society that have limiting or