Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Review
Review
- Culture creates man to be creative and resourceful - Understand the theories, concepts and knowledge
by adapting and integrating himself in the and principles of governance as well as public
environment to survive administration and political dynamics.
- Culture determines outline of acceptable social - Manifest the underlying principles of state policies
behavior such as protocols, good manners, roles, and and laws to be abided and respected by all
duties established by folkways, mores, and laws.
- Prepares the student for possible career path in the
- Culture carry-out meanings through different forms legal profession, government service and other
of verbal and non-verbal communication. profession with high respect to legal matters and
procedures.
- Culture produces tangible objects relevant to man
such as instruments, tools, equipment, structures, and
all technological advancements.
The Goals of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political
- Culture contributes to the totality of living of Science
humankind as well as on how they can make their
lives enjoyable, easier, and comfortable. o In studying anthropology, sociology, and political
science, its n We can clearly see how the society
operates from a patterned culture within the
bounds of internal and external forces of power
On Society
and authority. With this aim, we are given the
o Societies are formed through social interaction of challenge to realize the goals of these three
its member. These members need to understand fields.
their roles and functions to propagate patterned
Goals of Anthropology
behavior in a structured society. Thus, society is
important for human connection and - See the commonalities among people (tradition,
interconnectedness language, kinship, etc).
- Symbolizing identity of the members - Look at what makes us the same to understand
more about human nature.
- Characterizing the boundaries of a territory
- Obtain possible theories and principles about It deals with the study of the differences and
society as well as various aspects of social life. similarities of various cultures and how they correlate
to each other. Study of human culture
- Study the nature of humanity to further examine our
roles within a society. Biological Anthropology
- Appreciate that all things in society are It concerned the origin, evolution, and diversity of
interdependent. people ancestry, development, genetic and other
characteristics of human species
- Expose our minds to different perspectives in
attaining truth. Archaeology
Goals of Political Science It refers to the scientific study of humans, their history
and culture, through examination of the artifacts,
- Make people a better citizen.
remains or left behind
Archaeology
Public Administration:
The study of past human cultures through their
material remains. It also the study of past human It serves as an academic discipline that studies civil
culture through the recovery and analysis of artifacts. service and governance.
The study of humans as biological organisms, It is an aspect of Political Science which are
including their evolution and contemporary variation. concerned with the relationship of different societal
forces that dictate political opportunities and actions.
Applied Anthropology
Government and Business:
They analyze social, political, and economic problems
and develop solutions to respond to present
problems.
It gives importance to the regulatory and society cannot exist in the absence of people who
governmental function to corporate, or business have learned to live and work together
entities concerning the national economy.
CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE
Legislatures and Legislation:
Culture is learned.
Edward Tylor:
- Culture is not inborn, it is learned. Unlearned
o one of the founders of modern anthropology, behavior then, is not culture. Shaking hands,
characterize culture as a “complex whole” which saying thanks, etc. are cultural behaviors.
encompasses beliefs, practices, traits, values, Not all behaviors are learned, but most of
attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, these can be. Combing hair, standing in line,
knowledge and everything that a person learns telling jokes, criticizing the president, and
and shares as a member of the society. going to movies all constitute behaviors that
o The “complex whole” above suggests that culture need to be learned.
cannot be simply broken down into a set of
characteristics. It means that an understanding Culture is transmitted among members of society
of a part can only be achieved in relation to other
- Cultural ways are learned by people from
parts of the system. This requires an approach
others. Many of these ways are handed
where all at once, one can get an appreciation of
down from elders, parents, teachers, and
what culture is all about without being bothered
others (most likely individuals of older
by its complexity or by any definition that
generation), while other cultural behaviors
attempts to capture such complexity.
are handed up to elders. Transmission of
culture is made possible by language.
Language is the main vehicle of culture.
A society cannot exist apart from culture. A society Transmission of culture may take place also
may refer to group of people that follows or shares through imitation as well as through
same cultures. People, as members of the society, instruction.
possess, produce and also transmit culture but they
cannot consider themselves as culture. No culture can
exist without social interaction in society; meanwhile,
Culture is continuous and cumulative. Sumner mentioned some characteristics of an
individual with an ethnocentric view. Ethnocentric
- Culture exists as a continuous process. In its
persons.
historical growth, it tends to become
cumulative. Ralph Linton called culture “the o have a dominant cultural element which they see
social heritage” of man. No culture ever as superior to other cultures.
remains constant or permanent. It is subject o view rigidly their own socio-economic, political,
to slow but constant variation. Likewise, and cultural elements.
culture is responsive to the changing o see their cultural elements as normal and
conditions of the physical world; hence, it is acceptable to all.
dynamic. o consider in-group norms can be universalized.
o discard out-group ethnicities and cultures.
Culture is gratifying and idealistic
o believe that other cultures are inferior; and
o look at other culture’s elements as inferior and
- Culture provides proper opportunities for the
unacceptable
satisfaction of our needs and desires. Our
needs, both biological and social, are
It can be seen in Philippine society that ethnocentrism
fulfilled in cultural ways. Culture consists of
is still emerging. The sense of identity seems to be a
the intellectual, artistic, and social ideals,
contributing reason for this.
and institutions where members of the
society profess and strive to confirm. It goes deeper in our history that the mixture of
different cultures has created several identity marks
resulting in our diverse cultural heritage, both
Cultural Relativism and Ethnocentrism
tangible and intangible.