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Mekdela Amba University: College of Agricultural and Natural Resourses Department of Animal Science
Mekdela Amba University: College of Agricultural and Natural Resourses Department of Animal Science
Table of Contents
AKNOWLEDGEMENT:.......................................................................................................................2
1.Introduction..................................................................................................................................2
2. Objective......................................................................................................................................3
3. Material and methods.................................................................................................................3
3.1 materials used for hygiene:-..................................................................................................3
3.2 materials used for hand milking............................................................................................4
4. Methods.......................................................................................................................................5
4.1Methods for milking...............................................................................................................5
5. Procedure.....................................................................................................................................5
5.1Procedure for hand milking....................................................................................................5
6. Result...........................................................................................................................................6
7. Discussion....................................................................................................................................6
8. Conclusion....................................................................................................................................8
9. Recommendation.........................................................................................................................8
10. Reference...................................................................................................................................8
AKNOWLEDGEMENT:
First ,I would to thanks To our God for giving me health and make to write this paper . then I
would like to thanks B/D/R university , specially collage of agricultural and environmental
science, for giving this practical attachment and milk production, processing and management
support in order to share experience from the organization how can link theory to practice
1.Introduction
Dairy farming agricultural scenario for thousands has been an important part of the years. In
Ethiopia being predominantly agrarian economy has many per cent of its population living in
villages, where livestock play a crucial role in the socio-economic life. Livestock provide high-
quality foods such as milk, cheese, butter, ghee, etc.In Etiopia is not only one of the top
producers of milk in the world, but also the largest consumer of milk and milk products in the
world. Due to the shortfall in supply, we have to import significant amounts of milk products to
meet internal demand.
2. Objective
• Broom: are one of the most basic important form the task at hand is vital to the
sanitation and cleaning the house.
• Chair: is an inanimate object made for the purpose of having humans sits on it.
• Fore stripping
• Disinfection
• First personal hygiene and clean the environment of the caw and the
materials are ready and then gadding the caw after that washing the udder
and hands then milking after that to provide washing the udder by using
iodine .
6. Result
• Second the materials are ready after that gadding the caw and cheek the mastitis at the last
milking. The milk is fresh.
7. Discussion
The common breeds found in zenzelma university dairy farms are the exotic , Holstein/ Fresian, ,
indigenous Zebu, fogeraand crosses between the exotic and indigenous breeds. · The pure
exotic breeds are high milk producers. However, the pure exotic breeds have some
disadvantages, e.g. o Exotic breeds usually consume a lot, thus can be expensive to maintain.
Exotic breeds have low tolerance to tropical diseases. · Indigenous breeds are low milk
producers.
indigenous breeds have some advantages, e.g. They are low feed consumers, thus will cost less
to main. Indigenous breeds are better adapted to local environments and have higher tolerance
to tropical bovine diseases.
The housing system is head to head
8. Conclusion
The common breeds found in zenzelma university dairy farms are the exotic , Holstein/ Fresian, ,
indigenous Zebu, fogeraand crosses between the exotic and indigenous breeds. Diet
formulation Diets should be formulated and updated regularly to avoid overfeeding of nutrients
or fluctuations in milk production.
A critical part of feed management is to accurately formulate diets and manage the feeding so
that the nutrients fed consistently match the nutrients needed by each group in the herd The
concentration of nutrients needed in the diet for a particular level of production changes with
dry matter intake.
9. Recommendation
10. Reference
1. All workers at zenzelma university dairy farm, The procedure of dairy cattle
management and practice.