GEN002 P2 NOTES

LESSON 8-10
Self-formation may be influenced by 3 dominant factors. These are biological factors,
psychological factors, and socio-economic factors. Let us explore how these factors influences
our self-formation.
We may begin with biological factors. As written in the visual aid. Biological factors are our
internal psychological, genetic, hereditary factors, and physical appearance etc. What does it
mean and what its implication to the self-formation? Before we were born in this world there are
some genes that we may acquire from our parents such as if our parents are obese, there is a great
tendency that we may become obese as well. If our parents have a big eyes, we may also have
big eyes as well. If our parents's hair is curly, we may as well acquire that. Another for
psychological portion, if your mother is hot-tempered, you might be as well acquire that trait. If
your father is a heavy alcohol drinker, you might as well have that trait.
Body image by definition is how you view your physical self. Do you see yourself as fat? thin?
curly? tall? short? pretty? ugly?. This also include how you feel about yourself. Do you feel like
you are physically attractive or not? Do you feel like other people like your look or not? Do you
feel like you are clever? Those were your body image.
Self-esteem on the other hand talks how confident you are as a person. Self-esteem can actually
help you go far from whatever you wanted to be. If you have a high and strong self-esteem
meaning you believe in yourself more than anything, nothing can stand in your way.
Material self is the ability of the individual or the family to maintain and sustain the basic
physiological needs of oneself or the family. That means paying bills, buying essential things
like food, shelter etc.
Economic self on the other hand talks about physical elements that reflect to the person.
Self-concept can be described simply as how one perceives himself and his behavior in the
market place. It is the attitude one holds towards himself. What one thinks of himself. The self
concept is not very realistic because an unconscious component is always present. It can be
divided into six types, as given below:
1. Actual self: How a person actually perceives himself.
2. Ideal self: How a person would like to perceive himself.
3. Social self: How a person thinks others perceive him.
4. Ideal social self: How a person would like others to perceive him.
5. Expected self: An image of self somewhere in between the actual and ideal self.
6. Situational self: A person’s self image in a specific situation.
LESSON 11-12
Spiritual self by definition is a persistent sense of self that addresses ultimate questions about the
nature, purpose, and meaning of life, resulting in behaviors that are consonant with individual's
core values. This also talks about one's internal thoughts and introspection/self-assessment/self-
reflection about one's values and moral standards. At times, we act according to our religion and
culture. We must act in this manner because it is the standard, norm, and moral ideals that we
have been taught since we were children.
Islam and Roman catholic share almost everything in terms of religion. These are the following
similarities as follows: See FB post in 11-12
Sexual self can change throughout an individual's life and may or may not align with biological
sex, sexual behavior, or actual sexual orientation. What does it mean? Our sexual orientation
(born male or female) may change as we go on into our journey, our life. As we discover things
little by little of ourselves. we will be able to identify what is our sexual feeling (If you are born
male but you feel like you are trap in that body believing you are a female vice versa).
Sex characteristics has two major types that is primary and secondary sexual orientation. This
topic is actually very easy.
Primary sex characteristics as stated is a body structures directly concerned with reproduction
that allows you to identify if you are a male or female. That means the direct indication; if you
have penis obviously you are a male but if you have a vagina you are identified as female. That
is the primary sex characteristics.
Secondary sex characteristics on the other hand talks about the physical features which appear at
puberty. These physical changes might appear around age 11 for girls and age 12 for boys. That
means what are the physical changes that we usually encounter when we reached puberty? To
better understand this concept, I will just give you at least 3 examples:
1. Enlargement of breast for female.
2. Broadening of shoulder for male.
3. Menstruation for female.
Psychosexual stages of development that was proposed by Sigmund Freud, a physician from
Vienna, Austria. He is known as the father of psychoanalytic theory. In this theory, Sigmund
believe that personality of a person is mostly established during the age of 5 and that child
experiences is of great important in personality development.
Psychosexual stages of development is a theory proposed by Sigmund Freud. Take note that it is
a theory. When you say theory it is a set of assumptions that means it may or may not be
applicable to someone. Therefore it is not 100% accurate and applicable to every single person
but it only helps to explain why such thing happen. So let's go!
Psychosexual stages of development has 5 stages. According to Sigmund Freud we human
undergo some certain stages that helps us to shape our personality. These stages includes: oral
stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage and genital stage. Every stages has erogenous zones
that determine if a person will be fixated or not. That said, each stage of development is marked
by conflicts that can help build growth or stifle development, depending upon how they are
resolved. If these psychosexual stages are completed successfully, a healthy personality is the
result. If conflicts on the other hand will not be successful, a person may be fxated into it
resulting to 'still persuing' to satisfy the erogenous zone throughout adulthood. Moreover, the
psychosexual energy, or libido, was described as the driving force behind behavior.
Psychosexual stages of development includes: oral stage, anal stage, latency stage, phallic stage
and genital stage. Each stages has erogenous zones that must be satisfied or else there will be
consequences when we get older.
ORALSTAGE
We begin with oral stage, oral stage starts during birth through 8 months old. During the oral
stage, the infant's primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and
sucking reflex is especially important. The mouth is vital for eating, and the infant derives
pleasure from oral stimulation through gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking. Because
the infant is entirely dependent upon caretakers (who are responsible for feeding the child), the
child also develops a sense of trust and comfort through this oral stimulation. The primary
conflict at this stage is the weaning process--the child must become less dependent upon
caretakers. If fixation occurs at this stage, Freud believed the individual would have issues with
dependency or aggression. Oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, eating, smoking,
or nail-biting.
ANALSTAGE
During the anal stage, Freud believed that the primary focus of the libido was on controlling
bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet training—the child has to
learn to control their bodily needs. Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment
and independence. According to Freud, success at this stage is dependent upon the way in which
parents approach toilet training. Parents who utilize praise and rewards for using the toilet at the
appropriate time encourage positive outcomes and help children feel capable and productive.
Freud believed that positive experiences during the toilet training stage serve as the basis for
people to become competent, productive, and creative adults. According to Freud, inappropriate
parental responses can result in negative outcomes. If parents take an approach that is too lenient,
Freud suggested that an anal-expulsive personality could develop in which the individual has a
messy, wasteful, or destructive personality. If parents are too strict or begin toilet training too
early, Freud believed that an anal-retentive personality develops in which the individual is
stringent, orderly, rigid, and obsessive.
PHALLICSTAGE
Freud suggested that during the phallic stage, the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals.
At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females. Freud
also believed that boys begin to view their fathers as a rival for the mother’s affections. The
Oedipus complex describes these feelings of wanting to possess the mother and the desire to
replace the father. However, the child also fears that he will be punished by the father for these
feelings, a fear Freud termed castration anxiety. The term Electra complex has been used to
describe a similar set of feelings experienced by young girls. Freud, however, believed that girls
instead experience penis envy. Moreover, if the erogenous zone here wont be successful, that
leads someone to be confused of its identity.
LATENCYSTAGE
During this stage, the superego continues to develop while the id's energies are suppressed.
Children develop social skills, values and relationships with peers and adults outside of the
family. The development of the ego and superego contribute to this period of calm. The stage
begins around the time that children enter into school and become more concerned with peer
relationships, hobbies, and other interests. The latent period is a time of exploration in which the
sexual energy repressed or dormant. This energy is still present, but it is sublimated into other
areas such as intellectual pursuits and social interactions. This stage is important in the
development of social and communication skills and self-confidence. As with the other
psychosexual stages, Freud believed that it was possible for children to become fixated or
"stuck" in this phase. Fixation at this stage can result in immaturity and an inability to form
fulfilling relationships as an adult.
GENITALSTAGE
The onset of puberty causes the libido to become active once again. During the final stage of
psychosexual development, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex.
This stage begins during puberty but last throughout the rest of a person's life. Unresolved
conflict in this stage leads to sexual pervertion. That said, a person might become sexual
masochist (pleasure is when their partners are hurting them), exhibitionist (pleasure is seeing the
reaction of the person who will see its penis/vagina in public), pedophilia (pleasure is when
having a sex with younger children), voyeurism (pleasure is watching someone naked secretly),
necrophilia (pleasure is having a sex with a dead body), fetishism (pleasure is seeing its partner
wearing such heels during sex or any object that trigger its pleasure), bestiality (pleasure is
having a sex with an animal), frotteurism (pleasure is touching someone's genital (penis or
vagina, boobs) when it is very crowded) and many more. Where in earlier stages the focus was
solely on individual needs, interest in the welfare of others grows during this stage. The goal of
this stage is to establish a balance between the various life areas. If the other stages have been
completed successfully, the individual should now be well-balanced, warm, and caring. Unlike
the many of the earlier stages of development, Freud believed that the ego and superego were
fully formed and functioning at this point. Younger children are ruled by the id, which demands
immediate satisfaction of the most basic needs and wants. Teens in the genital stage of
development are able to balance their most basic urges against the need to conform to the
demands of reality and social norms.
LESSON 13-14
LUST by definition is a very strong sexual desire for someone. That said, you are physically
pulled and attracted to the object of your emotions. You either want to seduce them or be
seduced by them. The hormones testosterone in males and estrogen in women are responsible for
lust. Lust exists throughout humans and may be part of the basic need to find a spouse with
whom to share our genes. But lust is not the same as love.
ATTRACTION on the other hand is a feeling of interest in something or someone a romantic.
That said, you begin to obsess about your love and want for his company. Your heart is racing,
and you have no desire to sleep or eat. You may even get sweaty hands. As you imagine about
the things you'll accomplish together, you experience a burst of additional energy and
enthusiasm. Three neurotransmitters, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, are responsible
for these sensations.
ATTACHMENT involves wanting to make a more lasting commitment to your loved one. That
said, you want to have a more long-term commitment to a loved one. This is the time at which
you may decide to live together, marry, and/or have children. Dopamine levels in a relationship
begin to fall after around 4 years, and so does attraction. If all goes properly, it is replaced by the
hormones oxytocin and vasopressin. This creates a desire to attach with, identify with, and
nurture your companion. You want to cuddle with her, be close to her, and share your innermost
secrets with her. You collaborate on plans and dreams.
When you say sexual diversity it means different types of sexuality depending on the sexual
feeling of a person.
1. Homosexual or a person who is attracted to same gender. That said gay or lesbian.
2. Heterosexual or a person who is attracted to opposite gender. That said, this is the common
man and woman as partner.
3. Bisexual on the other hand is a person who is both attracted to both gender male and female.
That said, this person may have relationship either of the gender. If I am a woman I can be
attracted to another woman or a man.
4. Last would be transexual or a person who believe they were born of other gender. That said,
these people are claiming that they are trap in that body. For example: A man might think he is
trap in a man's body and that her body suppose be a woman's body vice versa.