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    Laila Nur Hanifah laila7586fbs.2019
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    The document discusses four main approaches to how children learn language: 1) Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and learning through reinforcement. 2) Innativism believes language abilities are innate and children are born with universal grammar. 3) Cognitivism views learning as involving mental processes like thinking and emphasizes the active role of the learner. 4) Socio-interactionism posits that social interaction and context play a key role in language acquisition as children construct meaning through interaction with adults.

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    The document discusses four main approaches to how children learn language: 1) Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and learning through reinforcement. 2) Innativism believes language abilities are innate and children are born with universal grammar. 3) Cognitivism views learning as involving mental processes like thinking and emphasizes the active role of the learner. 4) Socio-interactionism posits that social interaction and context play a key role in language acquisition as children construct meaning through interaction with adults.

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    28 views24 pages

    Group 3 - Approaches On How Children Learn Language

    Uploaded by

    Laila Nur Hanifah laila7586fbs.2019
    The document discusses four main approaches to how children learn language: 1) Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and learning through reinforcement. 2) Innativism believes language abilities are innate and children are born with universal grammar. 3) Cognitivism views learning as involving mental processes like thinking and emphasizes the active role of the learner. 4) Socio-interactionism posits that social interaction and context play a key role in language acquisition as children construct meaning through interaction with adults.

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    of 24

    APPROACHES ON HOW CHILDREN LEARN

    LANGUAGE
    ▪ Aninda Qorri Aina (19202241087)
    ▪ Anisah Nur Hidayati(19202241089)
    ▪ Berlina Suminar (19202241090)
    ▪ Mohamad Syarifudin (15202241081)
    APPROACHES

    01 Behaviorism 03 Cognitivism

    02 Innativism 04 Socio-interactionism
    ONE

    Behaviorism Approach
    Behaviorism
    Behaviorism focuses on the study of overt behaviors that can be
    observed and measured.
    How it works:
    ● Focuses on the learning of behaviors
    ● Goal was to predict and control behavior
    ● All behavior can be explained through the process of learning.
    ● Emphasizes the role of experience in a person’s life, shaping
    development from childhood into adulthood.
    ● Psychology of development should study behavior rather than
    speculate about unobservable behavior.
    PAVLOV
    - He conducted a series of experiments by training a dog to salivate when
    hearing a tuning fork. Then it is known as classical conditioning
    - When a natural stimulus is replaced by a new or “conditioned” stimulus and
    still produces the original response.
    WATSON
    - The founder of behaviorism
    - Adopted Pavlov’s classical conditioning to explain all types of learning.
    - He believes that by the process of conditioning we can built stimulus-response
    connections.

    Conditioning → stimulus-response → behavior


    Learning Process According to
    Behaviorism
    1. Stimulus
    2. Organism (human being)
    3. Response behavior
    ● Reinforcement (behavior likely to occur again and
    become habit.
    ● Negative reinforcement (behavior are not likely to
    occur again)
    Behaviorism in the Classroom

    ● Classroom behavior management


    ● Small rewards can motivate students
    ● Games with a point system can be used in memorization tasks
    ● Keep a pleasant environment during class to avoid conditioning
    kids to dislike certain subjects
    ● Use behaviorist methods (rewards or punishment) to practice
    what has already been taught, not to teach
    TWO
    Innatism/Nativism/Innativi
    sm Approach
    Central Idea
    Language is an innate capacity. A child's brain
    contains special language-learning mechanisms
    at birth.
    Radical nativists, such as Fodor
    (1980)
    argue that infants are born with complete and
    abstract knowledge about aspects of their
    world. Using language as an example, the
    argument is that infants are born with a
    universal grammar (UG). They are also born
    with learning devices that allow any child to
    learn any language.
    There are nativists of
    They claim that infants are born with
    another stripe, those who
    considerable innately specified
    are not advocates of the
    radical position (Carey, knowledge about their world, learning
    1985; Gelman, 1990; takes place within the constraints set
    Karmiloff-Smith, 1992;
    by those specifications, and mental
    Mandler, 1992; Spelke,
    constructions occur within these
    Breinlinger, Macomber, &
    Jacobson, 1992) constraints.
    Language Acquisition Device (LAD) and Universal Grammar
    (UG)
    • Chomsky theorized that children were born with a hard-wired language acquisition
    device in their brains.
    • LAD is a set of language learning tools, intuitive at birth in all children.
    • He later expanded this idea into that of universal grammar, a set of innate principles
    and adjustable parameters that are common to all human languages.
    • The child exploits its LAD to make sense of the utterances heard around it, deriving
    from this 'primary linguistic data ' the grammar of the language.
    Mechanism of Innate Theory Noan Chomsky
    THREE

    Cognitism Approach
    Description of Cognitivism
    Cognitivism is a learning theory that
    focuses on the processes involved in
    learning rather than on the observed
    behavior
    Cognitivism as a
    reaction against
    Behaviorism The role of the

    Cognitivist theory developed learner

    as a reaction to Behaviorism. The learners according to


    Cognitivists objected to cognitivists are active
    behaviorists because they felt participants in the learning
    that behaviorists thought process.
    learning was simply a reaction
    to a stimulus and ignored the
    idea that thinking plays an
    important role.
    Critics of Cognitivism Learning Theory

    ● This theory is often criticized as being closer to psychology than to learning theory, so
    the application in the learning process is not easy.
    ● This theory is also considered difficult to be practiced purely because we are
    impossible in understanding the cognitive structures that exist in the mind of every
    student, especially sorting out the cognitive structures into discrete parts or clear
    boundaries.
    ● In advanced step, it is often not easy to understand and identify the knowledge that
    already exists in the minds of students. Oftentimes, the knowledge and experience of
    the students are too complex to be identified thoroughly, especially by only one or two
    pre-test.
    FOUR

    Socio-interactionism Approach
    The Definition of Socio-interactionism Approach
    According to Vygotsky, social interaction plays an important role in
    the learning process where learners construct the new language
    through socially mediated interaction.
    Hi
    Adults help the children to make the language
    function properly in the society.

    Social interaction becomes one of the keys to build


    children’s language proficiency. The social
    environment is the key to process their language
    acquisition.
    Children progress to
    construct the meaning
    within the right
    context and use
    Children progress to
    construct meaning
    Children acquire more
    vocabulary
    Build the children’s
    nuances on the language
    Adults help the
    children (question,
    answer, challenge)
    Linguistic Process of Role of
    focus acquisition child &
    environme
    nt

    conversation between Communication, acts


    child and adult, focus on Important role in interaction
    scaffolded by adult
    adult speech
    Thank
    You

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