REFERED

A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
INFORMATION EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (IEC)
ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF OBESITY
AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL
AT KANYAKUMARI.
COIMBATORE
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE TAMILNADU DR.
M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
OCT 2017
ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF OBESITY
AT KANYAKUMARI.
BY
J.PRISCILLAL
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE TAMILNADU DR.
M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, IN PARTIAL
OCT 2017
INFORMATION EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (IEC) ON
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF OBESITY
AT KANYAKUMARI.
APPROVED BY THE DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ON........................................

RESEARCH GUIDE.......................... ……….....…………...……................................
DR. S. SELVAKUMARI, MA.,M.Phil.,Ph.D.,
PROFESSOR IN RESEARCH METHODS,
ANNAI MEENAKSHI COLLEGE OF
NURSING, COIMBATORE.
CLINICAL GUIDE……………......……………………………....................................
Mrs. R. SUTHANTHIRAKUMARI, M.Sc.,
(N) ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HEALTH NURSING,
ANNAI MEENAKSHI COLLEGE OF NURSING,
COIMBATORE.
MEDICAL EXPERT……………………………………………...................................
PROF. DR. VEERA KESARI,
CONSULTANT PHYSICIAN,
SREE MEENAKSHI HOSPITAL,
COIMBATORE.
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE TAMILNADU

Dr. M. G. R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, IN
PARTIAL
OCTOBER 2017
VIVA VOICE:
1. INTERNAL EXAMINER......................................................................
2. EXTERNAL EXAMINER.....................................................................
CERTIFIED THAT THIS IS THE BONAFIDE WORK OF
J.PRISCILLAL
ANNAI MEENAKSHI COLLEGE OF NURSING, COIMBATORE.
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN NURSING TO THE TAMILNADU DR. M.G.R. MEDICAL
UNIVERSITY CHENNAI.
COLLEGE SEAL:
PROF. MRS. M. MUMTAZ, M.Sc., (N).,MBA(HM),M.Phil.,

PRINCIPAL,
ANNAI MEENAKSHI COLLEGE OF
NURSING, COIMBATORE,
TAMILNADU.
DEDICATION
“Keep your dreams alive, understand to achieve anything requires faith and
belief in yourself, vision, hard work, determination and dedication. Remember
all things are possible for those who believe”
I dedicate this book to
God almighty who blessed me to finish this
work Successfully
I dedicate this book to my
lovable Husband
Mr.M.L.VAJEETH KUMAR
who made my life more special and without him it wouldn‟t have been possible to
complete my study.
I dedicate this book to my beloved ever
lovingchildren
V.P.MALVINA RIYA
V.P.MALVIN RIYAZ
Who gave me a marvellous emotional
support.Without theirsupport and love none of my
project
could have been gone ahead.
****
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Words are often too less to reveal ones deep regards. An understanding of the
work like this is never the outcome of the efforts of a single person. I take this
opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude and respect to all those who helped
me to complete this dissertation successfully.
First and foremost I would like to thank the supreme power, THE GOD. Since
born to till now each moment he is giving his support, being with me and always guiding
me to work on the right paths of life. Without his grace, my work would not have been
successful.
I honestly express my sincere thanks to MR. A.KARUPPAIAH, D.Pharm.,
Correspondent of Annai Meenakshi College of Nursing, for all the facilities he has
provided to us and for giving me an opportunity to study in this esteemed institution.
I am grateful to express my thanks and sincere gratitude to
Prof. Mrs. M.MUMTAZ., M.Sc.,(N),MBA.,M.Phil., Principal, Annai Meenakshi
College of Nursing, Coimbatore for her valuable suggestion, guidance, timely help,
affectionate, moral support and encouragement during the study.
I extends my heartfelt and everlasting gratitude to Clinical Guide Asso. Prof.
MRS. SUTHANTHIRA KUMARI M.Sc., (N), Annai Meenakshi College of Nursing,
Coimbatore, for her inspiring and illuminating guidance, suggestion and constant
encouragement to make this study a successful one. I am greatly privileged to have her as
my guide.
I owe my sincere gratitude to Research Guide DR. PROF. S. SELVA KUMARI,
MA, M.Phil.,Ph.D., Professor in Research methodology, for her excellent guidance.
I am pleased to convey my profound thanks to my Medical Expert
DR. VEERAKESARI MBBS.,M.D., consultant Physician in Sri Meenakshi Hospital, for
his excellent guidance, expert suggestion, encouragement and support that made the study
purposeful.
I am very grateful to Paediatriction Dr.V. RAMACHANDRAN, MBBS.,M.D.,
for his directions, suggestion and guidance regarding tool and application of proper
statistical methods.
I honestly express my sincere thanks and grateful to my study participants who
extended their cooperation throughout my study period.
I am forever grateful to my Class Co-ordinator, Mrs.GOKILA, M.Sc., (N),
Reader for her motivation, valuable suggestions and expert guidance to carry out this
research successfully.
I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to all my M.Sc., faculties
Mrs.S.BALAMANI, M.Sc.,(N), Mrs. S. P. BABEE M.Sc., (N), Mrs. M. SARANYA
M.Sc(N), Mrs. K. MULLAIKODI M.Sc(N), Mrs. M. NITHYA MS.c(N),
Ms.B.RAMYABHARATHI M.Sc(N), Ms.B.UDAYAJAYANTHI, Mr.P.V.RUBIN
ANTONY, Ms. G. MARUTHU, Ms.M.ASWATHY and Mr.TITUS FERNANDEZ for
their scholarly guidance, valuable suggestions, precise advice, inspiration and
encouragement which made the study purposeful.

My special thanks are to the experts who validated my tool and for their valuable
suggestions and constructive comments.
I am thankful to the Librarian Mrs. SULOCHANA, M.Com.,M.L.I.Sc for her
assistance in literature review and extending library facility throughout the study.
My heartfelt thanks to my friends and colleagues, B.Sc (N)., faculty and Office
Staffs of Annai Meenakshi College of Nursing for their constant help and encouragement.
I thank Mr. T. S. Venkatesh, B.Sc., Green Park Computers, Sundarapuram for
computing the manuscript clearly, legibly and effectively in a short span of time.
My special thanks to my lovable Husband and children those who provided me
the support which I needed at every step.
Last but not least, my sincere thanks and gratitude to all those who directly or
indirectly helped me in the successful completion of the study.

ABSTRACT
Obesity is an increasingly significant problem that is likely to endure and to have
long term adverse influences on the health of individuals and populations unless action is
taken to reverse the trend. A number of factors have been suggested as contributing to the
development of obesity. Obesity is the second leading causes of death.
The teaching given should create aware ness about exercise and nutrition.
Statement of the Problem
 A study to evaluate the effectiveness of Information Education and
Communication (IEC) on knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among
students in selected high school at Kanyakumari.
Objectives
 To assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among
students in selected high school.
 To evaluate the effectiveness of Information Education Communication (IEC)
on knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected high
school.
 To determine the association between the level of knowledge regarding
prevention of obesity among students in selected high school with their selected
demographic variables.
Hypotheses
 H1 : There will be a significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-
test score of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in
selected high school.
 H2 : There will be a significant association between the post-test level of
knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected high
school with their selected demographic variables.
A pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted and Non-
probability convenient sampling technique was chosen for this study. The total number of
samples for the present study was 60 students(11-16years). The study was conducted in a
selected school at Kanyakumari.
Data were collected by means of structured self administered knowledge
questionnaire. The subjects received Information Education Communication (IEC)
regarding prevention of obesity.
The collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive statistics and inferential
statistics. Independent “t” test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Information
Education Communication (IEC) on knowledge regarding prevention of obesity. The
obtained „t‟ value for knowledge 18.9 was significant at p<0.05 level.
Conclusion
The findings of the study revealed that Information Education Communication
(IEC) was effective in improving knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among
students in selected high school.
Key words: Effectiveness, Information Education Communication (IEC), prevention,
knowledge, obesity, students.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO
I INTRODUCTION
 Need for the Study 3
 Statement of the Problem 6
 Objective C 6
 Delimitations 7
 Projected Outcomes 7
REVIEW OF 8
LITERATURE 9
 Studies related to Prevalance of obesity. 9
II  Studies related to Knowledge regarding
prevention of obesity . 10
 Studies related to Effects of Obesity on Children. 12
 Studies related to Effectiveness of Information
Education Communication (IEC) on Level of 16
Knowledge. 17
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
19
(Contd.,)
CHAPTER
NO CONTENTS PAGE NO
III METHODOLOGY
 Research Approach 25
25
 Research Design
28
 Variables
28
 Setting of the Study
28
 Population
29
 Sample
 Criteria for Sample Selection
 Inclusion Criteria 29
 Exclusion Criteria 29
 Sampling Technique 29
 Development of the Tool 30
30
 Description of the Tool
30
 Scoring Procedure
31
 Validity
32
 Reliability
32
 Pilot Study
33
 Data Collection Procedure
33
 Plan for Data Analysis 33
 Protection of Human Rights 33
(Contd.,)
CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE
NO NO
IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 34
V DISCUSSION 49
VI SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
 Summary 53
 Major Findings of the Study 55
 Conclusion 56
 Implications of the Study
 Nursing Practice 57
 Nursing Education 57
 Nursing Administration 58
 Nursing Research 58
 Limitations 59
 Recommendations 59
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
TABLE TITLE
NO. NO.
1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of students with their 35
selected Demographic Variables.
2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Pre-test and Post-test 39
level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among
students in selected High School.
3 Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean Difference and ‘t’ Value of 41
Pre-test and Post-test Knowledge Score regarding prevention of
obesity among Students in selected High School.
4 Frequency, Percentage Distribution and χ2 Value of Post-test 43
level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among
students with their selected demographic variables.

LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
TABLE TITLE
NO. NO.
1 Conceptual Frame work based on Modified Widenbach’s 24
Clinical Nursing Practice Model (1964).
2 The Schematic Representation of Research Methodology. 27
3 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Pre-test and Post-test 40
Level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among
students in selected High School.
4 Mean value of Pre-test and Post-test Knowledge score regarding 42
Prevention of Obesity among Students in selected High School.

LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE
A Letter Seeking and Granting Permission to Conduct the Study at
Excel School, Kanyakumari.
B Letter Requesting Experts Opinion for Content Validity of the Tool.
C List of Experts Consulted For Content Validity.
D Structured Self administered Questionnaire.
E Scoring Key.
F Evaluation Criteria Rating Scale for Validating the Tool.
G Information Education Communication on Prevention of obesity
(English).
H Evaluation Criteria Checklist for Validation of IEC on Knowledge
I Certificate of Tool Validation.
J Letter Seeking Consent of Subjects for Participation in the Study.
K Photos of Study.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
“Where you find Obesity, You will find Poverty” - Billferrs
Obesity is an increasingly significant problem that is likely to endure and to
have long term adverse influences on the health of individuals and populations unless
action is taken to reverse the trend.
Obesity has gained a lot of attention in the recent years especially the 21 st
century obesity in children is a serious medical condition that affects children and
adolescents. Obesity is described as having a body mass index (BMI) of greater than
thirty. Obesity among children is steadily increasing and becoming one of our
greatest health problems.
Obesity is defined as the condition of abnormal excessive fat accumulation in
adipose tissue to that extent the health may be impaired (WHO). Life style is
considered to be an important determinant of health and sickness. Some of the health
problems are rooted in childhood habits, among them obesity is a major problem.
Today it is estimated that over 250 million people in the low and middle income
countries suffer from obesity. Globally more than one billion adults are overweight
and of these 300 million are obese.

The number of obese children is also increases because of the parents not
making children get the amount of physical activity they should be getting.
Children need nutritious foods to grow and function. But most of the school
children’s depend on junk foods for nourishment and have inadequate intake of fruits,
vegetables and whole grains. According to Swaminathan a person whose body
weight is higher than normal by 15-20% is considered as obese when the total body
weight is more than 25% fat in boys and 32% in girls.
Historically, a fat child means a healthy child, one who is likely of survive the
rigors of under nourishment and infection. But unlike the past, today obesity in
school children is considered a major health risk due to malnutrition and improper
lifestyle modifications of bullying and teasing.
Obesity now considered as a “killer lifestyle disease” an important cause of
preventable death worldwide. According to the world health organization 1.2 billion
people worldwide are officially classified as overweight.
Obesity has so many affects on children and it can mess their lives up
dramatically. Obesity can lead to poor self esteem and depression. Obese children are
typically picked on during school so they don’t have any friends and they tend to stay
to their selves. Some parents tease their child about being obese and that definitely
would lower any child’s self esteem. Obese children don’t think highly of themselves
because they are not good enough as others, often because of bullying and teasing.
High risk of diabetes in pregnant women causes higher birth weights in babies
that could lead to the development of obesity in childhood an din adolescence.
During the past two decades the prevalence of obesity has risen greatly
worldwide and the excessive fatness has arguably become a major health issue in both
development and developing countries. The transaction in nutrition and lifestyle by
the popularity of fast foods, soft drinks, sedentary life style, lack of exercise,
increased television watching, mobile phone and computer use are the common trends
adopted by children’s today.
Junk foods look so attractive and yummy for the people of every age group.
Snaky foods are easily available and attractive pizzas, French fries, burgers an doily
foods, the ingredients added increase the taste buds to have more causing naturally
obesity. Nowadays fast lifestyle adopts children has unhealthy foods. Children are
attracted by commercial advertisements and their super heroes.
NEED FOR THE STUDY
Today’s children are tomorrow’s future of the world. Obesity causes
numerous health issues and illness which affects the generation.
According to the national collaborative on childhood obesity research, 1 out of
3 children are obese before their 5th birthday. And approximately 12.5 million or 17%
of children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years are obese. These rates are even higher
than economically disadvantaged children. Genes, epigenetic, the intra uterine
environment as well as early life influences play a role in where or not a child is
obese. Obesity management is critical so prevention and awareness bring more
effective out comes. The preventive interventions will lead to produce changes at
multiple levels, including individuals, families, schools, specially children.
Schools play a important role in preventing obesity. Through education we
can shape the children dietary practices, physical activity, sedentary behaviours and
ultimately their weight status. The knowledge regarding over nutrition, their
influence on food selection, meal structure, and home eating patterns, their modeling
of healthful eating practices, physical activities, sedentary habits including television
viewing can be improvised through IEC.
Studies have shown that a high proportion of students are unaware of or
unconcerned about their overweight status. In a study 30% of school children are
overweight (6-11 years). The prevalence of obesity is doubled (12-19) years
quadrupled among younger children (6-11 years) worldwide one out of 5 children in
India’s overweight or obese, a total 9 million children.
As a consequence of the rising incidence of obesity, parents un awareness and
over feeding is also a cause for this condition. Parents role at home in promoting
healthful eating practices and levels of physical activity are so critical in preventing
obesity. They should also take central to collective efforts to combat the nation’s
childhood obesity. Obesity may also increase the risk of serious complications from
H1N1 influences. A study in California showed about 25% of the people hospitalized
for H1N1 complication.

A recent global survey by right speed research revealed that nearly 3 out of 4
respondents blamed children spend much of their time in two places, home and school
which make their two most influential groups of people, parents and teachers.
A convergence of facts about food habit is what food is dined in family, how
often the family dine outside of the home and where that meal taken. The research
conducted by poll in Great Britain, France, Germany in June 2006 found that these
modern lifestyle lead to obesity.
The researcher noticed from next experience that children with more passive
behaviours such as TV viewing. Addiction to computer games and talking on the
phone unnecessarily are more prone for obesity. Eating habits such as consuming
more fatty and sugary foods are also factors causing obesity among children.
Lifestyle changes again reflect parent’s anxieties regarding their children future which
results in children being to and fro to school in cars and being discouraged from
active outdoor play after coming from the school because of the fears and insecurity.
They are again encouraged by parents to sit and study for some more coaching classes
after school hours. All these factors contribute again to reduce physical activity levels
while dietary intake is not restricted in growing child. So researcher planned to give
preventive measure Information, Education, Communication on preventive of obesity.
There is an urgent need to address problem and the time to act is now. Several
studies suggest that prevalence of obesity is increased among children and awareness
created through teaching program gave 80% good response. Motivating change
beings with understanding the causes and consequences of obesity. So the researcher
preferred Information, Education, Communication as a channel to implant knowledge
about obesity in children to get good habit.
The foundation of lifelong good health is laid in childhood. Addressing
childhood obesity is very important in order to improve the health of the child.
Information, Education, Communication plays an important role to improve the
knowledge on prevention of obesity. Educating students regarding the prevention of
obesity help students to choose and maintain in healthy lifestyle. The information
provided to the students also help the students to eat better be more active and achieve
healthier weight.
Prevention of obesity is the key strategy for controlling the current epidemic
of obesity. So the school age children are considered to be the priority population for
implanting knowledge regarding prevention of obesity. Since there is an urgent
need to initiate prevention. The researcher felt that Information, Education,
Communication as a key role to improve the health of the children.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
“A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Information Education
Communication on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Obesity Among Students in
Selected High School at Kanyakumari”.
OBJECTIVES
 To assess the pretest level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity
among students in selected schools at Kanyakumari.

 To evaluate the effectiveness of information education communication on
level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected
schools at Kanyakumari.
 To find the association between the pretest and post test level of knowledge
among students and their selected demographic variables.
HYPOTHESIS
H1 : There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test level of
knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected schools
at Kanyakumari.
H2 : There will be a significant association between pre test and post test level of
knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected schools
at Kanyakumari and their selected demographic variables.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
Evaluate:
Evaluate refers to judge the knowledge level of the students before and after
Information Education Communication regarding prevention of obesity using
structured knowledge questionnaire.
Effectiveness:
Effectiveness refers to the enhancement of knowledge after administration of
Information Education and Communication using structured knowledge questionnaire

Knowledge:
It refers to the response of student’s awareness about obesity by structured
multiple choice questionnaire.
Information Education and Communication (IEC):
It refers to systematically planned teaching programme designed to provide
information regarding prevention of obesity among students.
High School Students:
In this study, it refers to school children of 11-16years and are studying in
classes 6th-11th.
Obesity:
It is a condition where storage of excess body fat negatively affects a child's
health or well being.
ASSUMPTIONS
 Students may have inadequate knowledge regarding prevention of obesity.
 Students can identify obesity at an earlier stage and it can be prevented and
effectively managed.
 Obesity remains unnoticed in students due to lack of specific symptoms.

DELIMITATIONS
 The study is delimited to a period of 6 weeks
 The study is delimited to school students
PROJECTED OUTCOMES
 The findings of this study would reveal existing level of knowledge regarding
prevention of obesity among students during pre-test.
 Afterwards investigator will provide information education communication
regarding prevention of obesity, which helps to improve the level of
knowledge regarding prevention of obesity.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Review of literature is an important step in the development of any research
project. It helps the investigator to analyze what is already known about the topic
and do describe methods of inquiry used in earlier work including the success and
short comings. This chapter deals with the collected information relevant to the
present study through the published and unpublished materials. These publications
were the foundation to carry out the research work.
Research literature were reviewed and organized under the following headings.
 Studies related to prevalence of obesity.
 Studies related to knowledge regarding obesity.
 Studies related to effects of obesity among children.
 Studies related to Effectiveness of Information Education Communication
(IEC) on level of knowledge.
STUDIES RELATED TO PREVALENCE OF OBESITY
Anna Patsopoulou (2015) conducted a study to assess the prevalence of
overweight and obesity in school children and their parents and in identifying
associated factors among parents and school children. The sample consisted of 816
school children aged 12-18 years old and their parents in Warrisa high school. PAQ
and parents initiated motivational climate questionnaire was used as anthropometric

measurements. The study concluded that the prevalence of overweight and obese
mothers were high.
Yan zou, Ronghuazhang (2015) conducted a comparison study on the
prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among city, township and rural area
adults in china. A stratified clusters sampling technique used and randomly samples
were selected as per 1770 city residence 2011 town residence and 1736 rural area
residence. Dietary data were collected through interviews and anthropometric
measurement was measured BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 were designed as obesity. The
prevalence of obesity was 10.1%, 7.3%, 6.5%, among city, town, rural area adults
respectively. Correlation analysis was positively correlated with BMI (r= 0.112,
0.084, 0.109, 0.129, 0.077, 0.078, 0.125, p <0.05). The prevalence of obesity was
higher among city residents than among township and rural area residents.
Mariadel Mar Bibiloni (2013) conducted a descriptive study on the prevalence
of overweight and obesity in adolescents (10-19 years) of both sexes. Literature
review have been taken and at the end of this overweight and obesity, prevalence is
high, obesity is higher among boys although it is not clear. Despite there is no
consequences about criteria to be used to classify adolescent as over weighed or obese
the study contribute to guide through health planning to develop proper tools for
adolescent obesity management.

STUDIES RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF
OBESITY
Narayana Swamy (2015) conducted a study to assess the knowledge regarding
prevention of obesity among high school students of Giddarth School, Koothanoor.
60 samples taken. The samples were selected by using convenient sampling
technique. The data were collected from the samples by using structured teaching
questionnaire method and rating scale method. The study findings revealed that the
prevalence majority of the respondents (66.7%) are having normal body mass index
followed by 18.3% are below normal 11.7% are overweight and 3.3% of respondents
are obese. 81.7% are not having previous information on obesity and remaining
18.3% of respondents are having previous information about problems of obesity and
how to be prevented.
Lobstein (2013) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of structured
teaching program on knowledge and attitude regarding prevention of obesity and
correlate the knowledge and attitude regarding prevention of obesity among
adolescents in a selected pre university college. A pre experimental one group pre-test
post -test design was adopted convenience sampling technique used for selecting the
adolescents. A structured knowledge questionnaire and a five-point Likert scale is
used to assess. The data obtained were analysed based on the objectives and
hypothesis using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that the mean
post-test knowledge and attitude score of adolescents on prevention of obesity was
higher than the mean pre-test knowledge and attitude score, no co-relation between
knowledge and attitude. The study concludes that the teaching program improved the
knowledge level and attitude of adolescents regarding prevention of obesity.

Prasant K. Uma ran (2013) conducted a descriptive study on knowledge
regarding prevention and attitude regarding prevention of obesity among adolescents.
This study correlate the knowledge and attitude regarding prevention of obesity
among adolescents in a selected pre university college. A pre experimental one group
pre-test post-test design was adopted convenience sampling technique used for
selecting the adolescents. A structured knowledge questionnaire on prevention of
obesity and a five-point likert scale to assess the attitude regarding prevention of
obesity were developed as the tools for data collection. The present study concludes
that the teaching programme improved the knowledge and attitude of adolescents
Vinod wasnik (2012) conducted a descriptive cross sectional study from June
(2012) to September (2012) among children residing in two social welfare hostels for
scheduled caste girls. A total of 420 girls children formed the study subjects. Height-
weight, BMI was recorded of total 420 girls and that 37.4% (157) were in the age
group13 years. Followed by 26.9% were in age group 14 years, 18.6% were in age
group 12 years, 9.8% were in age group 15 years and very few that is 5% and 2.4% in
the age group 11 and 10. The present study concludes that the teaching programme
improved knowledge and attitude among children.
Marina ANjelekela, omarychillo (2010) conducted a cross sectional study
among primary school children aged 6-17 years from nine primary schools in Dares
salaam primary schools where randomly selected and included in the study while
insuring equal representation of both public and private primary schools. Study
questionnaires with both closed and open ended questions, data were gathered through
a structured interview using questionnaire. Prevalence of obesity was defined using
BMI percentiles for age and sex. Children with BMI kiek 95 th percentile for age and
sex were considered obese and those with BMI between 85 th and 95th percentile for
age and sex. This study concluded that only one third were aware of the ways to
prevent child hood obesity.
Natha. A (2008) conducted a study in Nellore city from 542 adolescent girls
socio demographic profile, mobility pattern. A total of 50 respondents consisting of
school going children of the adolescence age (13-18) years represented the sample
size of the study. About 2 percent of school age students had efficient knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity. 88 percent of school age student had inadequate
knowledge regarding prevention of obesity.
Montana (2005) data from the youth risk behaviour study shows 9% of high
school students are overweight and 13% are at risk for becoming overweigh.
American Indian children in montana are particularly at risk for obesity with
prevalence more than twice as high as the general population.
The 2004 national health and nutrition examination survey (NHAN study
questionnaires with both closed and open-ended questions were used to gather the
required information from the participants data were collected through a structured
interview using questionnaire. BHI for 17.1% of children were measured at or above
the 95thpercentile for age using logistic regression, trends, were adjusted for race,
ethnicity and age and showed a significant increase in obesity for children and
adolescents. An increase in childhood obesity has been in many countries, with china
showing an increase of 11% of obesity prevalence and Great Britain’s prevalence
nearly tripling.
Wang et al, (2002) conducted a study on children aged 6-18 years old in four
countries, United States, Brazil, china and Russia. The measurement standard used
was developed by the international obesity task force (IOTF), which utilized BMI cut
off points from data compiled of children from many countries. It also incorporated
BMI measures derived from gender specific curves that pass through adult BMI
curves at age of 18 years of age. Analysis of the data demonstrated the trend of
overweight and obese children is increasing in both industrialized and developing
countries. Russia did not show tends towards overweight but have one inversely
demonstrated more underweight children.
Freed man (1999) conducted a study examined the relationship between c
children’s BMI measurement and cardiovascular disease (CVD) using seven cross
sectional studies spanning more than 20 years data was analyzed from 9000 children,
ages 5-17. The study demonstrated that risks linked to CVD increased with weight
95th percentile. When compared to non over weigh children, fifty eight percent of
overweight children were found to have one cardio vascular risk factor, while over
50% were found to have two risk factors for cardio vascular disease. Study concluded
that relationship between children’s BMI measurement and cardiovascular disease is
non significant.
STUDIES RELATED TO EFFECTS OF OBESITY ON CHILDREN
A study conducted by Freeman (2004) examined the relationship between
children BMI measurement and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using 7 cross
sectional studies spanning more than 20 years, data was analysed from 9000 children,
age is 5-17. The study demonstrated that risks liked to CVD (Elevated lipids, insulin
and BP) increased with weight > 95th percentile. When compared to non overweight
children, fifty eight percent of overweight children were found to have one
cardiovascular risk factor.
A study conducted by Whilock et (2005) a study on effects on childhood
obesity was shown to increase the likelihood that the consequences will be long term.
Leading to adult obesity and is associated with diverse and complex co-morbidities.
A study conducted by Junine (2015) examine the association between
weight status and men’s positive mental health defined as the presence of symptoms
of emotional, psychological, social well being and evaluate the moderating effect of
marital status. A total of 645 men aged between 19-71 years self reported their height
and weight. And answer a questionnaire method is used. A study concluded that over
weight was marginally associated with higher emotional well being, obesity was
associated with psychological well being.
The study conducted at Delhi among 4399 children (56.7%) boys, 43.3%
girls) of 4-77 years of age group, on “Problems encountered due to childhood
obesity”. Revealed that obesity is associated with several risk factors for heart disease
and other chronic diseases.

STUDIES RELATED TO EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION
EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION ON LEVEL OF
KNOWLEDGE
Hepsiba Beula Rajam. T (2016) conducted a quantitative study to evaluate
effectiveness of Information Education and Communication on knowledge regarding
management of dialysis among 60 patients with chronic renal failure at Theni. The
study revealed that 25 had inadequate knowledge and 5 had moderately adequate in
pre-test. In post-test 28 had adequate knowledge and 2 had moderately adequate
knowledge. The study concluded that information education and communication was
effective in improving knowledge.
Joslin Jose, (2015), conducted a quantitative study to evaluate the
effectiveness of IEC on knowledge regarding assertive behavior for child abuse
among 60 children in Thrissur. The study revealed that the pre-test knowledge lower
than the post-test knowledge. The study concluded that IEC was effective in
improving the knowledge of children regarding assertive behavior for child abuse.
Benila G.T. (2014) conducted a pre experimental study to evaluate the
effectiveness of information education and communication on knowledge regarding
vasectomy among 60 young adults in Coimbatore. The study revealed that, in pre-test
34 of young adults had inadequate knowledge and 16 had moderately adequate
knowledge 10 had adequate knowledge. In post-test 9 had moderately adequate kind
51 had adequate knowledge. In post test score level of knowledge score was 16.4,
standard deviation was 2.2, mean difference was 7.7. The obtained ‘t’ value is 18.4. It
was significant that p<0.05 level. The study concluded that IEC was effective in
improving knowledge regarding vasectomy.
Jenila, P (2013) conducted a quantitative pre experimental study to
evaluate the effectiveness of IEC on awareness regarding child abuse among 60
mothers in Coimbatore. The study revealed that the post-test awareness higher than
the pre-test. In post test mean score were 32, standard deviation 2.76. The calculated
mean difference was 21.2.The paired ‘t’ value was 37.45, which was statistically
significant at p<0.01 level. The study concluded that IEC was effective in improving
the mother’s awareness regarding child abuse.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
WIEDENBACH‟S HELPING ART OF CLINICAL NURSING
PRACTICE THEORY (1964)
“Tabot (1995) stated that a conceptual framework is a network of
interrelated changes that provide a structure for organizing and describing the
phenomenon of interest. Research studies are based on the theoretical or
conceptual framework that facilitates visualizing the problem and places the
variables in a logical context.
The present study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of Information
Education Communication (IEC) on level of knowledge regarding prevention of
obesity among student. Conceptual framework for this study was developed based
on Ernestine Wiedenbach‟s helping art of clinical nursing practice theory.
Ernestine Wiedenbach‟s began her nursing career in 1970. According to her
nursing practice is an act in which the nursing action is based on the principles of
helping.
General information
Wiedenbach‟s first published her ideas in 1964 in clinical nursing and
helping art. She further refined her theory in “Nurses‟ Wisdom In Nursing
Theory”, published in 1970 by the American journal of nursing.

Wiedenbach proposed a prescriptive theory for nursing practice, which is
described as a conceiving of a desired situation and the ways to attain it. This theory
directs action toward an explicit goal.
This theory consists of three factors: central purpose, prescription and realities. A
nurse develops a prescription based on a central purpose and implements it according to
the realities of the situation.
Central Purpose
Central purpose in the theory refers to what the nurse wants to accomplish. It is
the overall goal towards which a nurse strives, it transcends the immediate intent of the
assignment or task by specifically directing activities towards students benefits.
In this present study, the central purpose was to improve the level of knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected high schools which helps to
prevent obesity.
Prescription
Prescription refers to the plan of care for a patient. It specifies the nature of the
action that will fulfill the nurse’s central purpose and the rationale for that action.
In this present study the prescription was, 30 minutes of Information Education
Communication (IEC) on knowledge regarding prevention of obesity administered as an
intervention to improve the level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity.

Realities
Realities refer to the physical, psychological, emotional and spiritual factors that
come into play in a situation involving nursing actions. The five realities identified by
Wiedenbach are agent, recipient, goal, means and framework.
In this present study the five realities were,
 The agent : the nurse or researcher
 The recipient : school students
 The goal : to improve knowledge
 The mean : Information Education Communication
(IEC) package on knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity
 The framework : Excel central school at Kanniyakumari.
Concepts
According to Wiedenbach, nursing practice consists of identifying a students need
for help, ministering the needed help, validating the need for help was met and co-
ordination of help.
Identification
It involves viewing the students as an individual with unique experience and
understanding the students knowledge. Determining a students need for help based on the
existence of previous knowledge and to improve the knowledge level.

In this present study, it involves identification of the need for improvement
in level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity. It was identified through
data on demographic variables, structured self administered knowledge
questionnaire.
Ministration
It refers to the provision of needed help. It requires an identified need and a
student who wants help.
In this present study, the identified need was to promote knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity, and 30 minutes of Information Education
Communication (IEC) package on knowledge regarding prevention of obesity was
applied as an intervention to improve the level of knowledge regarding prevention
of obesity.
Validation
Refers to a collection of evidence that shows whether a person need have
been met and his / her functional ability has been restored due to direct results of
the nurses actions. It is based on person oriented evidence.
In this present study it evaluates the effectiveness of Information Education
Communication (IEC) on prevention of obesity with the help of structured self
administered knowledge questionnaire. A positive outcome represents the
satisfaction of the students with increased knowledge by Information Education
Communication (IEC) on prevention of obesity and the intervention is reinforced.

The negative outcome represents the dissatisfaction of the students with inadequate
knowledge.
Co-ordination
It refers to reporting, consulting and conferring. In this present study it
refers to reporting, consulting and conferring with the Administrator of excel
central school, students and teachers regarding the need and the effectiveness of
Information Education Communication (IEC) regarding prevention of obesity.
According to Wiedenbach’s nursing practice consists of identifying a
students need for help, ministering the needed help, validating the help which is
provided was indeed.

CENTRAL PURPOSE
To improve the Level of Knowledge & attitude regarding childhood obesity and its
prevention
AGENT
Researcher
IDENTIFICATION
School students (11-16 yrs)
MEAN Demographic variables

Researher  Age in years
Action  Gender MINISTRAT
 Religion ION
 Father educational CO-
status Information
 Mother educational ORDINATION
FRAM Education VALIDATION
status Effective
WORK Communication Reporting
Urban  Father occupation Post-Test and
 Type of family on (IEC) Consulting
slum improved
S.R nagar  Type of food knowledge Knowledge and knowledg
 Previous exposure to regarding conferring
knowledge regarding assessment e,
prevention of
RECIPIENT prevention of obesity obesity for
Parents of 30 minutes
SchoolGoing
c children
PRE-TEST
• Structured self
administered knowledge
questionnaire.
GOAL
• Attitude Scale for assessment of
To improve attitude regarding childhood
the obesity & its prevention
Knowledge &
attitude Level
Fig. 1 : Conceptual Framework23
based on Widenbeck’s Theory (1964)
24
CHAPTER - III
METHODOLOGY
The research methodology guides the researcher in planning and
implementing the study in a way that is most likely to achieve the intended goal.
This chapter deals with the methodological approach adopted for the
study. It includes description of research approach, research design, setting of the
study, population, sample, criteria for sample selection, sampling technique, and
development of tool, description of tool, scoring procedure, data collection and plan
for data analysis.
Research Approach
Polit and Hungler, (2004) defined the research approach as “A general set
of orderly discipline procedure used to acquire information”.
In this present study, a quantitative research approach was used for
analyzing the effectiveness of Information Education Communication on level of
knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students.
Research Design
Nancy burns, Susan K Groove (2005), defined research design as a blue print
for conducting the study that maximizes control over the factors that could interfere
with the validity of the findings. The research design guides the researcher in planning
and implementing the study in a way that is most likely to achieve the intended goal.
A pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted for this study.
The diagrammatic representation of research design is given below
Group Day 1 Day 8
Experimental O1 X O2
O2-O1 = effectiveness of IEC
Key :
O1 = Pre-test assessment of level of knowledge regarding
prevention of obesity.
X = Intervention Information Education and Communication
O2 = Post-test assessment of level of knowledge regarding
prevention of obesity.
Research Approach
Quantitative Research approach
Research design
Pre experimental one group Pre-test and
Post-Test design
Target population
High school students 11 – 16 years
Accessible population
High school students who are studying in selected school at
kanyakumari
Sampling technique
Non-probability convenient sampling technique
Sample size
60 samples
Data collection procedure

By using structured self-administered questionnaire
Pre-test assessment of Post-test assessment of

Information Education
level of knowledge level of knowledge
Communication (IEC)
regarding prevention regarding prevention
on prevention of obesity
of obesity of obesity
Data analysis (descriptive and inferential statistics)
Criterion measures – level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity
Figure 2 : The Schematic Representation Of Research Methodology

Variables
Dependent variable : Level of knowledge regarding prevention of
obesity. Independent variable : Information Education & Communication(IEC)
Extraneous variables : Age, Sex, Religion, Fathers Education, Mothers
Education, Fathers Occupation, Leisure Time Activity,
Family food habits, Type of family, Previous exposure
to knowledge regarding prevention of obesity.
Setting of the Study
The study was conducted in Excel school at Kanyakumari. In this total students
was 1890 and there were 350 students in 6th_ 11th classes. The setting was chosen on the
basis of feasibility in terms of availability of adequate samples and co-operation extended
by the school authorities.
Population
According to Polit and Hungler (2005), “A population is the entire aggregation of
cases in which a researcher is interested”.
Target population selected for this study was all the students between the age group
of 11-16 years. Accessible population selected for this study includes 6 th-11thclass students
in excel school at Kanyakumari.

Sample
Polit and Hungler, (2005) stated that sample consists of a subset of population
selected to participate in a research study. A total number of 60 students between the age
group of 11-16 years were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study
and survey was done for 1 day to identify the number of students in excel school
Kanyakumari.
Criteria for Sample Selection
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Students with in the age group of 11-16 years.
2. Students who are willing to participate in this study.
3. Students who will be available at the time of data collection.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Students who are deaf and dump.
2. Students who are suffering from any illness or absent.
3. Students who are aging below 10 years.
Sampling Technique
Polit and Hungler, (1991) stated that, “sampling refers to the process of selecting a
portion of the population to represent the entire population”.
The samples were selected for this study by adopting non-probability convenient
sampling techniques which means, selection of the most readily available persons as
Participants in a study.
Development of the Tool
Treece and Treece (1960) emphasized that the instrument selected in research
should be as for as possible be the vehicle that would best obtain data for drawing
conclusion.
The investigator developed the tool after an extensive review of literature and
experts opinion. The structured self-administered knowledge questionnaire was developed
to assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in high
school.
Description of the Tool
The Structured self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the effectiveness
of Information Education Communication on level of knowledge regarding prevention of
obesity among students in high school. It consists of two parts.
SECTION A: A tool to assess the demographic data of high school students such as age, sex,
religion, fathers education, mothers education, fathers occupation, leisure time activity, type
of family, type of food, previous awareness regarding obesity.
SECTION B: The investigator developed 25 structured self administered knowledge
questionnaires regarding knowledge in prevention of obesity.
Scoring Procedure
In structured self administered knowledge questionnaire the pattern of question is
multiple choices. The questionnaire consists of 25 items. The maximum possible score is
25, each correct answer carries one score wrong answer carries zero score. The total 25
score were interpreted as follows,
SCORE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE
0-8 Inadequate knowledge
9-17 Moderately adequate
18-25 knowledge Adequate
knowledge
Information Education and Communication (IEC) package
Information Education and Communication (IEC) package was developed by
investigator after an extensive review of literature and experts opinion. The Information
Education and Communication (IEC) package held for 30 minutes duration comprised of
overall objectives, content, teacher - learner activities, summary and conclusion. It consists
of certain domains which include meaning of obesity, prevalence, causes, risk factors, signs
and symptoms, diagnostic methods, management (home care), prevention and effects of
obesity. The method of teaching adopted was lecture cum discussion in English Medium,
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector was planned to use as Audio Visual Aid.
Validity
Polit and beck (2004) states that “content validity is a judgment regarding the
instrument represents to be assessed”. Judgment is based on prior research in the field and
on the opinion of the experts.
All suggestions were considered and appropriate changes were made and the
corrected tool was found to be valid.

The content validity of the instrument was obtained by five nursing experts and
two medical experts. Nursing experts were from department of child health nursing in
various institutions and medical experts were from department of pediatrics. Based on
their suggestion, reframing of the tool was done.
Reliability
According to De Vos (1998) reliability refers to accuracy and consistency of a
measuring instrument. An instrument can be considered reliable if it yields similar results on
separate occasions.
The reliability co-efficient was calculated by test re-test method and co efficient
correlation score was 0.9 and found highly reliable.
Pilot Study
Polit and Beck (2004) states that, a pilot study is a smaller version of proposed
study conducted to refine the methodology.
The investigator conducted pilot study among ten school students in excel school at
Kanyakumari. Study period was 2 weeks. After obtaining the written consent, the pre-test
level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among the participants was assessed by
administering structured self administered questionnaire followed by that Information
Education Communication (IEC) was given regarding prevention of obesity for 30 minutes
on day 1. In 7 days interval again the same questionnaire was administered to assess the
th
post-test level of knowledge on 8 day.
Data Collection Procedure
A formal prior permission to conduct the study was obtained from the chair person
of excel school at Kanyakumari. The samples were informed by the investigator about the
nature and purpose of the study. The written consent and pre-test level of knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity was assessed from students by administering structured
self administered questionnaire for 20 minutes on day 1 by going class visit followed by
Information Education Communication (IEC) package on prevention of obesity was given
for 30 minutes through LCD. Students were gathered in 7 days interval the post-test level
th
of knowledge was assessed by administering same questionnaire on 8 day of each group.
Plan for Data Analysis
The demographic variables were analyzed by using descriptive measures
(frequency and percentage). The effectiveness of Information Education Communication
on level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among school students in selected
high schools was analyzed by using paired ‘t’ test. The association between level of
knowledge and the selected demographic variables were assessed by Chi-square test.
Protection of Human Rights
The proposed study was conducted after the approval of dissertation committee of
the college of nursing. Prior permission obtained from the authority of excel school.
Written consent of each subject was obtained before starting the data collection and
assurance was given to them that the anonymity and confidentiality of each individual was
maintained throughout the study.

CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretations of the collected data
from the students in a selected school. The purpose of analysis was to reduce the data
to an intelligible and interpretable form, so that the relation of the research problem
can be studied and tested.
Polit and Peck (2004) have denoted data analysis as the systematic
organization, synthesis of research data and the testing of research hypothesis by
using those data.
The collected data regarding effectiveness of Information Education
Communication (IEC) on knowledge regarding obesity among students in selected
high school were organized, analyzed and interpreted as follows:
Section I : Data on Demographic Variables of students
Section II : Data on Level of Knowledge regarding prevention of obesity
among students in selected high school.
Section III : Data on effectiveness of Information Education
Communication on level of knowledge among students in
Section IV : Data on Association between the Post-test Level of Knowledge
regarding obesity among students with their Selected
Demographic Variables.
SECTION I : DATA ON DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF
STUDENTS ON SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL.
Table: 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of students on selected high school with
their selected demographic variables
N= 60
Frequency Percentage
Sl. No Demographic Variables
(f) (%)
1. Age in years
a) 11-12 years 30 50%
b) 13-14 years 20 33.3%
c) 15-16 years 10 16.7%
2. Gender
a) Male 40 66.7%
b) Female 20 33.3%
3. Religion
a) Hindu 30 50%
b) Muslim 5 8.3%
c) Christian 25 41.7%
d) Others 0 0%
4. Fathers educational status 0 0%
a) Primary education 10 16.7%
b) Secondary education 20 33.3%
c) Higher secondary education 30 50%
d) Graduate/equivalent 0 0%
e) No formal education 3 5%
5. Mothers educational status 13 21.7%
a) Primary education
b) Secondary education 30 50%
c) Higher secondary education 14 23.3%
d) Graduate/equivalent 0 0%
e) No formal education 9 15%
6. Fathers occupation
a) Government employee 40 66.7%
b) Private employee 11 18.3%
c) Self employee 0 0%
d) Un employee
7. How do you spend your leisure time 35 58.3%
a) Indoor games 15 25%
b) Watching TV 3 5%
c) Outdoor games 7 11.7%
d) Exercise
8. Type of family
a) Nuclear family
b) Joint family
c) Extended family 33 55%
9. Type of food 20 33.3%
a) Vegetarian 7 11.7%
b) Non- vegetarian
6 10%
54 90%
10. Previous exposure to knowledge prevention
of obesity
a) Yes 8 13.3%
b) No 52 86.7%
The table 1 shows that the distribution of demographic variables of students.
 It shows that out of 60 subjects 30 majority (50%) were belonging to the age
group between 11-12 years, 20 (33.3%) were belonging to the age group
between 13-14 years and 10 (16.7%) belonging to the age group 15-16 years.
 Regarding sex, majority 40 (66.7%) were males and 20 (33.3%) were females.
 Regarding religion, majority of them 30 (50%) were Hindus, 5 (8.3%) were
Muslims, 25 (41.7%) were Christians and none of them belong to other
religion.
 Regarding father’s educational status 10 (16.7%) belong to secondary
education and 20 (33.3%) belongs to higher secondary education and 30
(50%) belongs to graduate / equivalent.
 Regarding mothers educational status, 3 (5%) belongs to primary education
and 13(21.7%) belongs to secondary education and 30 (50%) belongs to
higher secondary education and 14 (33.3%) belongs to graduate / equivalent.
 Regarding father’s occupation, 9 (15%) were government employees and
majority 40 (66.7%) were private employees and 11 (18.3%) were self
employed.
 Regarding spending leisure time, 35 (58.3%) were spending in indoor games,
15 (25%) were spending by watching TV, 3 (5%) were spending in outdoor
games and 7 (11.7%) spending by exercise.
 Based on type of family, majority 33 (55%) were nuclear family and 20
(33.3%) were joint family and 7 (11.7%) were belonging to extended family.
 Regarding type of food, majority 54 (90%) were non-vegetarian and 6((10%)
of them were vegetarian.
 In relation to previous exposure to awareness regarding prevention of obesity
8 (13.3%) were exposed and majority 52 (86.7%) were not having exposure to
awareness.
SECTION II : DATA ON LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING PREVENTION OF OBESITY
AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED HIGH
SCHOOL.
Table 2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Pre and Post-test level of
knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected high
schools.
N=60
Pre-test Post-test
S. No. Level of Knowledge
f % f %
1. Inadequate knowledge 45 75% 0 0
2. Moderately adequate knowledge 10 16.7% 11 18.3%
3. Adequate knowledge 5 8.3% 49 81.7%
Table 2.1 shows that, In pre-test among 60 samples majority 45 (75%) of
them had inadequate knowledge and 10 (16.7%) had moderately adequate
knowledge and 5 (8.3%) of the students had adequate knowledge regarding
prevention of obesity. In post-test 11 (18.3%) of them had moderately adequate
knowledge and majority 49 (81.7%) had adequate knowledge.

SECTION III : DATA ON EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION
EDUCATION COMMUNICATION ON LEVEL OF
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF
OBESITY AMONG STUDENTS.
Table 3
Mean, standard Deviation, Mean Difference and ‘t’ value of Pre-test and Post-test
level of knowledge score regarding obesity among students in selected high
school.
N=60
Group Level of Mean SD MD ‘t’ Value

knowledge
Pre-test 7.4 4.97

Experimental group 12 18.9*
Post-test 19.4 2.88
*-Significant at p<0.05 level
Table 3.1 shows that, the mean pre-test level of knowledge score was 7.4,
standard deviation was 4.97 and the mean post-test level of knowledge score was
19.4, standard deviation was 2.8. The mean difference was 12. The obtained ‘t’
“t‟ value is 18.9.It was significant at p<0.05 level. Hence, the stated hypothesis
(H1) is accepted.
It is concluded that Information Education Communication (IEC) on
prevention of obesity is effective in improving level of knowledge among
students in high school.

SECTION IV : DATA ON ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDE REGARDING
PREVENTION OF OBESITY
AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED HIGH
SCHOOL.
Table 4
Frequency, percentage and chi square distribution of Post-level of knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected demographic
variables.
N=60
Level of knowledge
Sl. Moderately x2
Demographic Variables Adequate
No. Adequate Value
f % f %
1. Age in years
a) 11-12 years 3 5% 27 45% 3NS
b) 13-14 years 5 8.3% 15 25%
c) 15-16 3 5% 7 11.7%
2. years Gender
a) Male 8 13.3% 32 53.3 7S
b) Female 3 5% 17 28.3
3. Religion
a) Hindu 2 3.3% 28 46.7% 2.32NS
b) Muslim 1 1.7% 4 6.7%
c) Christian 8 13.3% 17 28.3%
d) Others 0 0 0 0
4.
Fathers educational status
a) Primary education 0 0 0 0 10.43S
b) Secondary education 2 3.3% 8 13.3%
5. c) Higher secondary education 6 10% 14 23.3%
d) Graduate/equivalent 3 5% 27 45%
e) No formal education 0 0 0 0
6. Mothers educational status
a) Primary education 1 1.7% 2 3.3% 11.4S
b) Secondary education 2 3.3% 11 18.3%
c) Higher secondary education 7 11.7% 23 38.3%
d) Graduate/equivalent 1 1.7% 13 21.6%
e) No formal education 0 0 0 0
7. Fathers occupation
a) Government employee 4 6.7% 5 8.3% 3.1S
b) Private employee 5 8.3% 35 58.3%
c) Self employee 2 3.3% 9 15%
d) Un employee 0 0 0 0
How do you spend your leisure time
8. a) Indoor games 2 3.3% 33 55% 7.3NS
b) Watching TV 5 8.3% 10 16.7%
c) Outdoor games 1 1.7% 2 3.3%
d) Exercise 3 5% 4 6.7%
9. Type of family
a) Nuclear family 3 5% 30 50% 2.4NS
b) Joint family 7 11.7% 13 21.7%
c) Extended family 1 1.7% 6 10%
10. Type of food
a) Vegetarian 2 3.3% 4 6.7% 1.02NS
b) Non- vegetarian 9 15% 45 75%
11. Previous exposure to knowledge
prevention of obesity
a) Yes 0 0 8 13.3 1.79NS
b) No 11 18.3% 41 68.3%
S-Significant; NS- Non Significant
Table 4 indicate that, among age of 11-12 years,3(5%) had moderately
adequate knowledge, 27 (45%) had adequate knowledge. Among the category of
13-14 years 5 (8.3%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 15 (25%) had
adequate knowledge. In the category of 15-16 years 3 (5%) had moderately
adequate knowledge and 7 (11.7%) had adequate knowledge.
The obtained chi-square value of 3 and it was not significant at p < 0.05 level
and thus stated research hypothesis is not accepted.
With regard to gender among males 8 (13.3%) had moderately adequate
knowledge and 32 (53.3%) had adequate knowledge. Among females 3 (5%) had
moderately adequate knowledge and 17 (28.3%) had adequate knowledge. The
obtained chi square value 7 was significant at p < 0.05 level and thus the stated
research hypothesis is not accepted.
With regard to religion, in the category of Hindu 2 (3.3%) had moderately
adequate knowledge and majority 28 (46.7%) had adequate knowledge. In the
category of Muslim 1(1.7%) had moderately adequate knowledge,4(6.7%) had
adequate knowledge. In the category of Christians 8 (13.3%) had moderately
adequate knowledge. 17 (28.3%) had adequate knowledge. The obtained chi
square value 2.32was found to be not significant at p < 0.05level.
With regard to fathers educational status. In the category of secondary
education 2 (3.3%) had moderately adequate knowledge, and 8 (13.3%) had
adequate knowledge. In the category of higher secondary education 6 (10%) had
moderately adequate knowledge, and 14 (23.3%) had adequate knowledge. In the
category of graduate equivalent 3 (5%) had moderately adequate knowledge, and
27(45%) had adequate knowledge regarding prevention of obesity. The obtained
chi square value is 10.43 was found to be significant at p < 0.05level.
With regard to mothers educational status. In the category of primary
education 1(1.7%) had moderately adequate knowledge, and 2(3.3%) had adequate
knowledge. In the category of secondary education 2 (3.3%) had moderately
adequate knowledge, and 11 (18.3%) had adequate knowledge. In the category of
higher secondary education 7 (1.7%) had moderately adequate knowledge, and 23
(38.3%) had adequate knowledge. In the category of graduate/ equivalent 1 (1.7%)

had moderately adequate knowledge, and 13 (21.6%) had adequate knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity. The obtained chi square value is 11.4 was found to
be significant at p < 0.05level.
With regard to fathers occupation among students, in the category of
government employee 4 (6.7%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 5 (8.3%)
had adequate knowledge. In the category of private employee 5 (8.3%) had
moderately adequate knowledge and 35 (58,3%) had adequate knowledge. In the
category of self employed 2 (3.3%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 9
(15%) had adequate knowledge regarding prevention of obesity. The obtained chi
square value 3.1 was found to be not significant at p < 0.05 level.
With regard to leisure time activity in the category of indoor games 2(3.3%)
had moderately adequate knowledge, and 33(55%) had adequate knowledge. In the
category of watching tv 5(8.3%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 10
(16.7%) had adequate knowledge .In the category of outdoor games 1(1.7%) had
moderately adequate knowledge and 2(3.3%) had adequate knowledge. In the
category of exercise 3 (5%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 4 (6.7%) had
adequate knowledge regarding prevention of obesity. The obtained chi square value
7.3 was found to be not significant at p < 0.05level.
With regard to type of family in the category of nuclear family 3 (5%) had
moderately adequate knowledge and majority 30 (50%) had adequate knowledge.
In the category of joint family 7 (11.7%) had moderately adequate knowledge and
13 (21.7%) had adequate knowledge. In the category of extended family 1(1.7%)

had moderately adequate knowledge and 6 (10%) had adequate knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity The obtained chi square value 2.4 was found to be
not significant at p < 0.05level.
With regard to type of food vegetarian 2 (3.3%) had moderately adequate
knowledge and 4 (6.7%) had adequate knowledge. Non Vegetarian 9 (15%) had
moderately adequate knowledge 45 (75%) had adequate knowledge. The obtained
chi square value 1.02.
With regard to previous exposure to awareness regarding prevention of
obesity, in the category of yes 8 (13.3%) had adequate knowledge. In the category
of no 11 (18.3%) had moderately adequate knowledge and majority 41 (68.3%) had
adequate knowledge. The obtained chi square value 1.79 was found to be not
significant at p < 0.05 level.

CHAPTER V
DISCUSSION
The basic aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of
Information Education Communication (IEC) on knowledge regarding prevention
of obesity among students in selected high school. The present study was
conducted by using pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design. Excel
school in Thiruvattar at Kanyakumari was selected for conducting the study, and
the sample size was 60.
The structured self administered knowledge questionnaire was administered
to assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in
The responses of students were analyzed through descriptive statistics
(mean, frequency, percentage, standard deviation) and inferential statistics t-test,
chi square test). Based on the objective of the study the results were discussed,
The first objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected high school.
Among the 60 middle aged adults 45 (75%) had inadequate knowledge and
10 (17%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 5 (8%) had adequate knowledge
regarding memory loss in the pre-test. Among 60 students majority 49 (81.7%)
had adequate knowledge and 11 (18.3%) had moderately adequate knowledge and
none of them had inadequate knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among
students in selected high school during post-test.
The results are similar to the findings of study done by Prashanth K. and
Uma Rani, (2013) who conducted an experimental study to assess the effectiveness
of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude regarding prevention
of obesity and Correlate the knowledge and attitude regarding prevention of obesity
among adolescents in a selected pre-university college among adolescent girls of 50
samples in New Delhi, which revealed. The ‘t’ value computed between pre-test
and post-test knowledge scores is statistically significant at 0.05 level of
significance. The calculated ‘t’ value (t=10.57) is greater than the table Value
(t=2.0096). This indicates that the teaching program on prevention of obesity was
effective in improving the knowledge of adolescents.
The second objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IEC
on knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected high
school.
The mean pre-test knowledge score 7.4 with standard deviation 4.97 was
less than the mean post-test knowledge score 19.4 with standard deviation 2.88.
The calculated mean difference was 12 and the obtained t value 18.9 was highly
significant at p<0.05 level. Hence the stated hypothesis H1 is accepted.

This finding revealed that there is a significant difference between the pre-
test and post-test mean score of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among
students in selected high school. So it was concluded that the Information
Education Communication (IEC) was effective in improving level of knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected high school.
The results are similar to findings of study done by Manjusha Samudre,
Kulkarni (2010) who conducted a pre-experimental study to assess the
effectiveness of Information Education Communication package on existing
knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among 45-65 years general population
of 160 samples in miraj, kupwad corporation, which revealed that.. The pre-test
mean knowledge score was 14.2 and standard deviation was 4.5, in post-test the
mean knowledge score was 19.7 and standard deviation was 3.1, the obtained
‘t’ value is 7.22 the pre-test mean attitude score was 13.5 and standard deviation
was 3.8, in post-test the mean knowledge score was 19.3 and standard deviation
was 2.8, the obtained t-value is 6.97, which is significant at p<0.001level.
The third objective of the study was to determine the association between
the level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected
high school with their selected demographic variables.
The study findings revealed that in post-test the obtained chi square value
for selected demographic variables (age, gender, religion, fathers educational status,
mothers educational status, fathers occupation, leisure time activity, type of family,
type of food, previous exposure to awareness regarding obesity) among these

fathers educational status, mothers educational status ,and gender , has an
significant association between the level of knowledge regarding obesity among
students in selected high school with their selected demographic variables. Hence
the stated hypothesis H3 is rejected.
A study was carried out at the University School to assess the Obesity risk
factors in children. A logistic regression model was developed to examine the
relationships between obesity and possible risk factors. Obesity was strongly
associated with parental obesity. Furthermore, energy intake, having regular
physical activity, presence of obesity in the mother, the father, and the mother's
family and having a mother working out of home were also significantly associated
with obesity.
CHAPTER VI
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION
AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter deals with summary, conclusion, limitations and
recommendations of the study. Further it includes implications for nursing practice,
nursing education, nursing administration and recommendations for further nursing
research.
Summary
The present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Information
Education Communication (IEC) on knowledge regarding prevention of obesity
among students in selected high school at Kanyakumari.
The objectives of the study were
 To assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity
among students in selected high school.
 To evaluate the effectiveness of Information Education
Communication (IEC) on knowledge regarding prevention of
obesity among students in selected high school.
 To determine the association between the level of knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity among students in selected high
school with their selected demographic variables.

A pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was chosen for
this study. 60 samples were selected for this study by using non-probability
convenient sampling technique. Sample selection was based on inclusion and
exclusion criteria.
A structured interview questionnaire was used for the study. It consists of
three parts,
PART I : It consisted of demographic variables of students such as age in
years, gender, religion, fathers educational status, mothers
educational status, fathers occupation, type of family , leisure time
activity, type of food intake, previous exposure to awareness
regarding prevention of obesity, if yes specify the source of
information.
PART II : Structured self-administered knowledge questionnaire to assess the
level of knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among students
in selected high school. It consists of 25 multiple choice questions.
The content validity was done with 7 experts; five nursing experts
specialized in child health nursing and two paediatricians. Reliability of the tool
was calculated by using test retest method
The duration of data collection period was 6 weeks. Samples were selected
based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study samples were clearly explained
about the study and obtained written consent from them. The pre-test level of
knowledge were assessed by using structured self administered questionnaire

followed by Information Education Communication (IEC) on knowledge regarding
prevention of obesity for 30 minutes duration.
th
After 7 days interval on 8 day the post-test level of knowledge were
assessed by using the same questionnaire.
The collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive statistics (mean,
standard deviation) and inferential statistics (‘t’ test, chi square) and the results
were interpreted.
Major findings of the Study
The major study findings include:
 Among 60 subjects, the majority of them 30 (50%) were between 11-12 and
20 (33.3) 13-14 years of age, 40 (67,7%) were males, 30 (50%) were
Hindus, 30 (50%) of fathers were graduate, 30 (50%) of mothers had higher
secondary education,40(66.7) were private employees
 35 (58.3%) were playing indoor games, 33 (55%) were in nuclear family, 54
(90%) were taking non-veg, 52 (86.7%) of them didnt have previous
exposure to awareness regarding obesity.
 In pre-test majority of the students had 45 (75%) Inadequate knowledge
 In post-test majority of the students had 49 (81.7%) adequate knowledge.
 In relation to effectiveness of IEC package on knowledge regarding
prevention of obesity the pre-test knowledge mean score was 7.4,standard
deviation was 4.97 and post-test mean score was 19.4 and standard
deviation 2.88 which was increased after administration of IEC. The

calculated mean difference was 12 and the obtained t-value 18.9 was
significant at p<0.05level. The result shows that the IEC was effective in
improving knowledge.
 With regards to association between the level of knowledge regarding
prevention of obesity among students with their selected demographic
variables, there was no association between the level of knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity with their selected demographic variables
such as father’s education, mother’s education and gender.
CONCLUSION
The main conclusion drawn from this present study was Information
Education Communication (IEC) on prevention of obesity was effective in
improving knowledge that denoted by significant difference between pre-test and
post-test level of knowledge score. Samples became aware about prevention of
obesity and found themselves comfortable and also expressed satisfaction, and also
the investigator understood the needs and purpose of Information Education
Communication (IEC) regarding prevention of obesity and developed adequate
knowledge regarding approaches and methods in doing research. The findings of
the study encourage the nurses to adopt this Information Education Communication
(IEC) as a part of their awareness nursing education programme in primary care
setting.
Implications of the Study
According to Tolsma (1995) the section of the research report that focuses
on nursing implication usually includes specific suggestions for nursing practice,
nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research.
NURSING PRACTICE
The findings implies the need for a nurse to keep abreast with the
knowledge by undergoing continuing education and in-service education and
training to upgrade skills and learning and be well versed with newer advancements
in diagnosis and use of self- monitoring instruments and management skills. The
school nurse can play an important role in educating the general information,
importance of diet and prevention of obesity among students in the school settings.
The study finding signifies the importance of formulating and implementing
PTP by nursing personnel mainly at the school settings. Since there is a gross
inadequacy in knowledge and practices regarding prevention of obesity they are
able to make significant contribution to the students in achieving good health.
NURSING EDUCATION
The study had proved that improving knowledge of students regarding
prevention of obesity can change their practice. To impart the knowledge to the
students the Nursing personnel need to be equipped with adequate knowledge
regarding prevention of obesity. Nursing personnel working in various health setting
should be given in service education to update the knowledge and abilities in
identifying the learning needs of the clients with obesity regarding prevention of
obesity and planning for appropriate intervention.

NURSING ADMINISTRATION
The nursing administrator should take an initiative in creating health policy
making and developing protocols in providing education to the students during
their schooling and involve patients in the promotion of their health. Nurse
administrators should review the institutions policies and practices related to
diabetic diet of patients. They should develop dietary meal plans and guidelines to
be followed for management of obesity. The Nurse administrator should plan for
the budget and utilize the resources for training of staff, health education of patients
and providing regular education, Training and follow up for students attending
schools and colleges.
NURSING RESEARCH
There is a growing need for furnishing nursing research in all areas of
healthcare. The Nurse researchers especially beginners need to enhance their quest
for knowledge. Several research studies including the current study in the field of
child hood obesity serves as knowledge base to the beginner nurse researchers, who
can further conduct research studies in the areas of the importance of diet, ideal
body weight, dietary allowances and sources, fiber in diet, anti oxidants using
control groups. The nurse researchers can discuss with diabetes mellitus patients,
Healthcare professionals on future research problems related to diabetes mellitus
and dietary management. The nurse researchers may effectively use the results of
various studies and recommend on the importance of diet, sources of food and
changes in life style for better management of obesity thus to reduce the mortality
and morbidity associated to diabetes mellitus . The nurse researchers can conduct
studies to assess the effectiveness of self-care manual and health education modules
for various age groups of students.

LIMITATIONS
 Information collected from the students was based on the self reported
responses only.
 The study was confined to 60 students only.
 The study is limited to assessment of knowledge regarding obesity among
students of 11-16 years only.
RECOMMENDATIONS
 In the light of the above findings and personal experience of the investigator
the following recommendations are offered.
 The study can be replicated on a larger sample; thereby findings can be
generalized for a larger population.
 A Self instructional module can be prepared to enhance the knowledge of
students regarding prevention of obesity.
 Regular educational programme scan be conducted for students on
importance of diet; monitoring body mass index and management of
prevention of obesity thereby ensuring an active live for type 2 diabetes
mellitus.
 A comparative study can be done between effectiveness of self instructional
module versus planned teaching programme.
 The study can be done in the community area.
 A similar study can be conducted to compare the knowledge level of students
between urban and rural communities.

REFERENCES
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APPENDIX-C
LIST OF EXPETS
CONSULTED FOR CONTENT VALIDITY
DR. RAM CHANDAR, M. B. B. S., M.D. (Paediatrics)

Paediatrician,
Megas Hospital
Swamiyar Madam,
Kanyakumari.
DR. SEEBAN MBBS.,MD.,

Paediatrician,
PPK Hospital,
Marthandam,
Kanyakumari.
PROF. SM. AGNES MERIN M.Sc., (N).,

Nursing Superintendent,
CBH Hospital,
Nagercoil.
Prof. Mrs. SUTHANTHIRAKUMARI M.Sc., (N)

Associate Professor,
Annai Meenakshi College of Nursing,
Coimbatore.
Prof. Mrs. SARANYA M.Sc.,(N)

Coimbatore.
Prof. Mrs. NITHYA M.Sc., (N),
Coimbatore.
APPENDIX D
STRUCTURED SELF ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE
SECTION – A
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Respected participants,
Read the following items carefully and complete them by placing tick mark (√) in the
portions provided.
Sample no:
1. Age in years
a. 13-14 years ( )
b. 14-15 years ( )
c. 15-16 years ( )
2. Gender
a.Male ( )
b.Female ( )
3. Religion
a. Hindu ( )
b. Muslim ( )
c. Christian ( )
d. Others ( )
4. Fathers educational status

a. Primary education ( )
b. Secondary education ( )
c. Higher secondary education ( )
d. Graduate / equivalent ( )
e. No formal education ( )
5. Mothers educational status
a. Primary education ( )
b. Secondary education ( )
c. Higher secondary education ( )
d. Graduate / equivalent ( )
e. No formal education ( )
6. Fathers Occupation
a. Government Employee ( )
b. Private Employee ( )
c. Self Employed ( )
d. Un Employed ( )
7. Leisure Time Activity

a. Outdoor Games ( )
b. Watching TV ( )
c. Indoor Games ( )
d. Exercise ( )
8. Type of family
a. Nuclear family ( )
b. Joint family ( )
c. Extended family ( )
9. Type of Food Intake

a. Veg ( )
b. Non Veg ( )
10. Previous exposure to knowledge regarding prevention of obesity

a. Yes ( )
b. No ( )
SECTION – B
STRUCTURED KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIRE TO ASSESS THE

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF OBESITY
AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL AT KANYAKUMARI
1. The term obesity means

a. Normal weight ()
b. Over weight ( )
c. Under weight ( )
d. Below average weight ( )
2. In obesity the accumulation of is present
a. Fat ( )
b. Protein ( )
c. Water ( )
d. Energy ( )
3. Causes of obesity can be
a. Water ,air ( )
b. Endogenous ,Exogenous ( )
c. Environment , food ( )
d. Food ,cough ( )
4. Obesity may be due to
a. Birth defects ( )
b. Hormonal imbalances ( )
c. Healthy diet ( )
d. Over intake of water ( )
5. The common exogenous cause of obesity is
a. Lack of physical activity ( )
b. Balanced diet intake ( )
c. Regular walking ( )
d. Less intake of cookies ( )
6. Low income backgrounds students have
a. Increased healthy life style ( )
b. Increased risk for obesity ( )
c. Decreased risk for obesity ( )
d. Increased risk for oedema ( )
7. The contributing factors associated with obesity is

a. Video games ,fat foods ( )
b. Fresh fruits ,juices ( )
c. Regular exercises ,walking ( )
d. Taking plenty of water ( )
8. The emotional effect of obesity is

a. Happiness ( )
b. Self depressed ( )
c. Irritated ( )
d. Peaceful ( )
9. Obesity influences except

a. Psychological aspects ( )
b. Physical aspects ( )
c. Poor hygiene ( )
d. Poor concentrations ( )
10. Obesity leads physical problems like
a. Social disturbances ( )
b. Psychiatric diseases ( )
c. Memory loss ( )
d. High blood pressure ( )
11. The method used to detect obesity is

a. Basal metabolic index ( )
b. Basic mass index ( )
c. Body mass index ( )
d. Body mass influence ( )
12. Normal weight of high school students
a. 18.5-19.0 ( )
b. 18.5-24.9 ( )
c. 21.0-30.0 ( )
d. 20.0-21.0 ( )
13. Proper calorie intake for weight loss means

a. Stopping all calorie intake at once ( )
b. Balancing calorie intake daily ( )
c. Avoiding only fat calorie diet ( )
d. Avoiding only protein diet ( )
14. The food which effectively helps in reducing obesity except

a. salads ( )
b. tomatoes ( )
c. cabbages ( )
d. potatoes ( )
15. Obesity can be

a. Untreatable ( )
b. Preventable ( )
c. Unpreventable ( )
d. Treatable ( )
16. The best way to increase weight loss

a. Adapt family meals ( )
b. Adapt junk foods ( )
c. Adapt outside meals ( )
d. Adapt oily foods ( )
17. Some junk foods

a. Soft drinks ,French fries ( )
b. Boiled potatoes ,milk ( )
c. Grapes ,pomegranates ( )
18. Sunlight gives
a. Vitamin A ( )
b. Vitamin D ( )
c. Vitamin C ( )
d. Vitamin E ( )
19. Consuming salads like cabbages helps

a. To reduce weight ( )
b. Treating cancer ( )
c. Doing heavy works ( )
d. Controlling diabetes ( )
20. Preventive measure of obesity

a. Healthy nutrition and weight management ( )
b. Unhealthy nutrition and weight management ( )
c. Vigorous exercise and fatty foods ( )
21. Drink plenty of water to

a. Fight with obesity ( )
b. Increase obesity ( )
c. Decrease obesity ( )
d. Maintain obesity ( )
22. Select healthy snacks

a. Almonds ,pumpkin seeds ( )
b. Cashew nuts ,pastas ( )
c. Pizzas, burger ( )
d. Hotdogs, fried chips ( )
23. Spreading 5-6 meals a day

a. Induce over eating ( )
b. Prevents over eating ( )
c. Induce less energy ( )
d. Gives more energy ( )
24. Oats and apple mix
a. Helps in increasing weight ( )
b. Helps in consuming fat ( )
c. Helps in consuming pattern ( )
d. Helps in reducing weight
25.Foods helps in reducing obesity except

a. Green tea, oats ( )
b. Almonds, pistas ( )
c. cabbages, tomatoes ( )
d. Ice creams ,hot dogs ( )
BLUE PRINT OF QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF OBESITY
NO.OF SI.NO.OF
SI.NO CONTENT QUESTIONS QUESTIONS
1. DEFINITION 2 1-2
2. CAUSES 5 3-7
3. EFFECTS 3 8-10
4. BMI 2 11-12
5. MANAGEMENT 6 13-18
6. PREVENTION 7 19-25
APPENDIX E
SCORING KEY
QUESTION NUMBERS ANSWERS SCORE

1 b 1
2 a 1
3 b 1
4 a 1
5 b 1
6 b 1
7 a 1
8 b 1
9 c 1
10 d 1
11 a 1
12 b 1
13 a 1
14 d 1
15 b 1
16 a 1
17 a 1
18 b 1
19 a 1
20 a 1
21 a 1
22 a 1
23 b 1
24 d 1
25 a 1
SCORING :
Section B contains 25 questions. In that each answer carries score
like
Correct Answer - 1
Wrong Answer - 0
Total maximum score is about 25 marks and minimum score is 0.
INTERPRETATION OF SCORE :
The total score is interpreted as
S.NO. LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE SCORE
1 Inadequate Knowledge 0-8
2 Moderately Adequate 9-17
3 Knowledge Adequate 18-25
Knowledge
APPENDIX F
EVALATION CRITERIA RATING SCALE FOR
VALIDATING THE TOOL
Respected Madam/Sir,
Instructions:
Kindly review the items in the tool. If you are agree with the criteria, please
place a tick mark in “RELEVANT” column otherwise place the tick mark in “NEEDS
MODIFICATION” column or “NOT RELEVANT” and give your comments in the
remarks column.
SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
SL.
NEEDS NOT
NO ITEM RELEVANT REMARKS
MODIFICATION RELEVANT
Age in years
1.
2. Gender
3. Religion
Fathers
4. educational
status
Mothers
5. educational
status
Fathers
6.
occupation
Leisure Time
7.
Activity
8. Type of family
Type of Food
9.
Intake
Previous
10.
knowledge
Suggestions if any…….
SECTION B:
STRUCTURED KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIRE
NEEDS NOT
MODIFICATION RELEVANT
SI RELEVANT REMARKS
NO
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Suggestions if any......
APPENDIX G
INFORMATION EDUCATION COMMUNICATION ON

KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF OBESITY
AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL AT
KANYAKUMARI
INFORMATION EDUCATION COMMUNICATION ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF
OBESITY AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL AT KANYAKUMARI
Name of the student : Mrs.Priscillal.J
Group : High school students
Place of instruction : Excel school at Kanyakumari
Topic : prevention of obesity among students in selected high school kanyakumari
Medium : English
Duration : 30 minutes
Method of teaching : Lecture Cum Discussion
Teaching aids : LCD

CENTRAL OBJECTIVE:
The Students will acquire adequate knowledge regarding prevention of obesity and develop desirable, skills in applying this
knowledge into their daily living practices.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
The Students will be able to,
• define obesity
• list down the causes of obesity
• enumerate the effects on health
• describe the classification of obesity
• explain the BMI calculations
• narrate the management of obesity
• recognize the preventive measures of obesity

SELF INTRODUCTION:
GOOD MORNING! I am Mrs.Priscllaldoing second year M.sc., nursing in AnnaiMeenakshi College of Nursing, Coimbatore. I am doing a research on “A
Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Information Education Communication on the level of Knowledge Regarding Prevention of obesity among students in
selected high schools at Kanyakumari”. Now i am going to give health talk on obesity and its causes, treatment, preventive measures etc. I request your co-
operation and active participation to complete this health education.
INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC:
Life style related diseases are having few common risk factors which can be prevented if early measures are adopted by the individuals .obesity
is the most common nutritional disorder in the western countries and among the higher income groups in developing countries. Obesity now
considered as a killer life style disease is an important cause of preventable death world wide .Adolescent obesity also known as new world
syndrome is a global health challenge of the 21st century, with morbidity obesity affecting 5% of the country’s population.
SL. SPECIFIC TEACHING LEARNING
TIME CONTENT A.V AIDS EVALUATION
NO OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY ACTIVITY
The students DEFINITION:

will be able to Obesity is the excessive accumulation of
1 2 min know the fat in the subcutaneous tissues and other Teaching Learning
definition body parts.
ofobesity. OTHER NAMES OF OBESITY :
Over weight
The students CAUSES OF OBESITY:

will be able to Obesity
2 5 min describe the
causes of
obesity.
Endogenous obesity Exogenous
obesity
[A] ENDOGENOUS OBESITY-

causes related to our own body
GENETIC CAUSE:
Genetic cause that may include, a child Teaching Learning
born into a family of overweightpeople.
Family having high caloric diet habit
also parents being a role model for
excessive eating.
ENDOCRINAL CAUSE:So many
hormonal deficiencies occur and lead to
hypothyroidism, Cushingsyndrome,
hormonaldeficiencies, polycystic
ovaries, pseudohypoparathyrodism, and
these imbalances leads to obesity.
HYPOTHALAMIC
OBESITY:Postencephalitic obesity,post
menegitic obesity. Teaching Learning
INADEQUATE SLEEPING PATTERN;
[B] EXOGENOUS OBESITY: Causes

related to external.
Constitutional, excessive dietary
consumption or over eating due to
psychogenicfactors, poor energy
expenditure, fat cell hyperplasia, etc..
DIETARY PATTERNS;
Unhealthy lunch habits
High calories food intakes
Fast food intakes
Cookies
Baked foods
Soda
Candies
chips
Vending machine snacks
LACK OF PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY/EXERCISE :
Teaching Learning
Sedentary ie, computers, televisions
and video games conspire to keep
kids inside and burn very few
calories.
Concern about safety of outside play.
.Reliance on cars instead of walking.
Lack of physical activity related to
limited resources, unsafe
environments, inconvenient play and
exercise facilities increases the
incidence of obesity.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS:
Children from low income back
grounds are at increased risk for
obesity since they may lack time to
prepare health foods.
Poor economic condition to join
in gyms.
Lack of time to encourage physical
activities.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS:
Some children’s may turn to food as
a coping mechanism for dealing with
problems or negative emotions like
stress,anxiety or boredom.
Children struggling to cope with a
divorce or death in the family
may eat more as a result.
SOME MORE CAUSES OF

OBESITY:
Obesity caused by fast life style: Teaching Learning
In our fast and hurried life style we
do not have time to sleep well, no
time to eat well or work out. All
work and no play is making our
bodies lazy and weak. No calories
burn as there is no active work done
by our bodies leads to obese.
Obesity caused by fast food:

We tend to rely heavily on fast food
items like hotdogs, pizzas, and
burgers. There is no doubt its tasty
but it is nothing but empty calories.
They completely lack any essential
nutrients and vitamins that our body
requires.
Lack of exercise leads to overweight and
obesity:
Exercise plays a very vital role in
maintance of body physique. Hence
lack of exercise, keeps all these fat
cells building their homes in our
body as long as we continue.
Weight gain by high calorie

consumption:
When energy intake is higher than
energy loss, fat cells accumulation in
our body tissues this resulting in
obesity.
Laziness- The mother of obesity:

Lowering of body activity levels Teaching Learning
for daily energy expenditure and
increase calorie intake definitely
leads to obesity.
Obesity due to Hormones:

Hormonal changes during
teenage, pregnancy and
menopause tend to gain weight.
Obesity due to Genes or Heredity:

Obesity flows through genes from
generations to generations in a few Teaching Learning
cases of dietary patterns and
excessive food energy intake leads to
obesity.
3. 2mnts The student
EFFECTS ON HEALTH:
will be able to Obesity cause ill effects on both
explain the physically and psychological
effects on health.
health Teaching Learning
PHYSICAL EFFECTS:
Physically obesity causes so many
illness like accumulation of fat under
the skin and leads to physical problems
like diabetes mellitus, high blood
pressure, heart diseases, sleep problems
and some sort of cancers. If sugar lever
increases and leads to diabetes, stress
level, salt intake through junk foods etc
leads to high blood pressure in
adolescents and also heart diseases. The
accumulation of cholesterol or fats
undigested stores in the blood arteries Teaching Learning
and veins leads to heart diseases.
Sleep inadequate sleep duration leads to
stress and restlessness can be a cause of
obesity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Obese children develop low self esteem
and emotional problems leading to
isolation, excessive appetite and more
food intake causing further obesity.
4. 1mnts Students will CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:

be able to There is a fat deposition all over the
body. Excessive fat deposition over the
speak out the neck gives double look chin. Fat
clinical deposition found in gluteal region,
manifestations. thighs, abdomen and around breast.
External genitalia, hands and feet
appears small, knocked knee, slipped
femoral epiphysis present. Emotional
disturbances also present.
DIAGNOSIS:
Students will The method use to identity obesity is
5. 2mnts be able to BMI. Body Mass Index is acceptable for
calculate BMI. determining obesity for children of two
years of age and older. It is determined
by the ratio of weight to height. The
normal ranges for BMI in children vary
with age and sex.
BMI- Body Mass Index is a number
calculated by dividing a person’s weight
in kilograms by his or her height in
meter squared.
If a BMI is above 85th percentage its Teaching Learning
called over weight and if it is above or
equal to 95th percentage its called
obesity.
age in years x 7 -5
Body weight= ______ _ _ _ _ _
2
Height = age in years x 6 + 77
Weight
BMI = ___ _ _ __
(height m2)
. Normal weight = 18.5 – 24.9

Over weight = 25 – 29.9
Class I Obesity = 30 – 34.9 Teaching Learning
Class II Obesity = 35 – 39.9
Class III Obesity = >40
OTHER EFFECTS OFOBESITY:

Students will
6. 5mnts be able to Obesity endangers an individual body
realize the in many ways. Because of its
dangerous association with several diseases,
effects of obesity decreases life expectancy.
obesity.
Obesity result in humiliation and
discomfort-
Distorted shape or abnormal shape Teaching Learning
leads in humiliation and discomfort
Joint pain due to obesity-

Many obese people complain of joint
pains. In many people joint pain
many develop arthritis
(osteoarthritis) because obese people
have overburdened theirs knees and
joints with their excess body weight.
Obese individuals suffer from various

life threatening health problems-
Obesity increases levels of lipids or Teaching Learning
fats and cholesterol in the blood
leading to narrowing of blood
vessels due to deposition of fats in
coronary arteries. This in turn causes
the blood pressure level and
increases the risk of heart attacks
and strokes.
Diabetes is also a side effect of obesity-

Obesity increases the risk of
diabetes. It increases insulin
resistance leading to glucose
intolerance weight reduction helps
many diabetic patients in
controlling diabetes.
Obese individuals have high risk

of cancer-
Obese individuals have a risk of
developing cancers such as cancer of
gall bladder, endo martial ovary,
breasts and cervix in women and
cancer of the colon and prostate in
men.
Obesity causes sudden death-

Obesity cause individuals to suffer
from respiratory insufficiency and
may even result in sudden death
during sleep.
MANAGEMENT:
7. 8mnts Adapt family meals to loose extra
weight Instead of eating outside
home, try simple preparation of food
and reduce as much oils and fats as Teaching Learning
you can. Encourage your family
members and friends to support your
Students will diet program.
be able to Avoid binges to get flat tummy.
illustrate the If somehow, you over eat due to
social pressures, adjust other meals
management.
of the day or next day.
Proper calorie intake for weight loss Teaching Learning
Since calorie intake is required by
body to function properly, do not
stop taking calories completely,
instead balance your calorie intake
diet. Consult dieticians that can
help you to develop a diet plan that
suits your age.
Challenge yourself to lose that extra flab
Challenge yourself by setting short
term and long-term goals and
celebrate every success. Do not rust
to lose 10kg at once. Stick to 1 or
1.5kgs a week.
Change your eating habits to beat

obesity
Drink lots of water throughout the
day. Increase fruits intake such as
papaya pineapple and apples as they
contain many beneficial vitamins
and avoid fruits like banana that
provides fats to your body.
Food to avoid to lose weight

Eat salads, vegetables and fruits that
have natural benefits to body, eg;
wheat barley, maize and seghum can
be included in your diet in heavy
quantities. Consuming salads that
contain many tomatoes and mint
leaves, especially cabbage and be
included. It is very important to
avoid foods that are rich in
carbohydrates such as rice and
potatoes as well as avoiding sweets
and candies, chocolates, refined
flour.
Change exercise routines to lose extra
weight
Increase your exercise routines after
sometime change timings and
routines for a particular exercise so
that body does not get used to it.
Select varied exercise that you enjoy
and those that fit your personality
and your work schedule.
Drink water to fight with obesity

It is very necessary to keep your
body hydrated by nourishing it with
water from time to time. Loads of
water intake helps to pass out all
unwanted harmful materials outside
the body through sweat etc.
Oats help to lose weight

Oats for breakfast with 2tsb sugar,
add some apples to enhance taste.
Avoid sugar if you want to lose that

extra fat
Avoid sugar intake but do not stop
its intake completely. Sugar is also a
need of our body, so try to take
asper need and avoid extra
consumption
Avoid tea and coffee to get rid of obesity

Avoid taking tea and coffee more
than twice a day. Try to avoid
sugar in it
Do not over eat

Instead of three big meals, take
small 5-6 meals a day. Do not over
eat spread food throughout the day
to meet energy needs. Make
breakfast the larger and dinner the
smallest.
Never skip meals.
Do not eat outside your home

Select simply prepared items
while eating outside. Avoid fried
food, select fruits as desserts
rather than ice-creams, puddings
etc.,
Walking is necessary for obese

Walk at least once a day. Start with
fewer miles and gradually increase
your miles. Go for power walk.
Rotate your arms out to side and
rotate them in circular motion, this
will help you to reduce arms weight.
TV and eating is a bad combination

Avoid eating while watching TV.
This leads to overeating your will
not realise how much you ate.
Meditation for weight loss
Meditate daily stops stressing as it
cause fats build premises near your
stomach, thighs and hips.
Sunlight for winning over obesity

Sit in sunlight for at least 30
minutes, gain vitamin D also reduce
weight
Eating a rainbow of fruits and

vegetables
Pay attention to add five to seven
servings daily ranging from leafy
greens to straw berries to tomatoes to
sweet potatoes to promote health.
Sleep
Healthy sleep patterns are necessary
for good cognitive performance,
which means a least seven hours of
sleep each night is essential for good
health.
PREVENTION OF OBESITY:
Schools play a large role in
preventing obesity by providing a safe
and supporting environment with
policies
and practices that support healthy
behaviours. At home, parents can help
8. 5mnts prevent their children from becoming
overweight by changing the way the
family eats and exercise together. The
best way is the parent’s participation
with children.
Students will Promote intake of healthy foods
be able to rule Promote physical activities
out the Preconception and pregnancy care
preventive Early childhood diet and physical
measures of activity
Health nutrition
obesity.
Weight management
Add plenty of fruits and vegetables
Limit eating out
Healthy snacks:
Provide seeds like pumpkin and
squash almonds, pistachios etc. They
breakdown slowly and avoid your
hunger and low your sugar level and
bathe the cells with healthy fats.
Fruits and vegetables:

Add seven in number fruits and well
as vegetables and be healthy.
White carbohydrates:
Eliminate bleached and artificially
fortified bread. Avoid pastas and
switch to whole wheat and add
olive oils.
Organic locally- green vegetables:

Grow your own garden with fresh
vegetables or buy locally grown
vegetables and eat.
Less is best:
Serve less food by using smaller
plates. Moderate amount of animal
protein like your thumb protein
larger not than a playing card.
Make healthier choices:

Eat healthier choice by selecting
grass fed beef, free range pastured
portray, fish from unpolluted water.
Sugar:
Reduce sugar intake instead of fruit
juices, take a cup of water.
Family time:
A study by Harvard researches
Trageries said that of more than
14,000 children ages 9-14 concluded
that the benefits of eating together
with family appear to include
improved diet quality and brings
good result in reducing obesity.
Water:
The maximum amount intake of
water gives maximum reduction of
unwanted water outside the body.
Walk:
Walk 15 minutes a day is a good
way to reduce obesity
SUMMARY:
Till now we have discussed regarding prevention of obesity. The meaning, definition, prevalence, causes, effects on health, risk factors,
signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management, prevention ,natural remedies to prevent.
CONCLUSION:
I hope you all understood. Thank you for your kind co-operation.
REFERENCE:
 Swaminathan,M.(2005) Principles Nutrition, Dietics.Second edition, Bapco Publishing, Bangalore.
 Bellize,M.C(2001) .Standard definition for childhood overweight and obesity.Br med.
 Wongs (2001) wongs essentials of pediatric nursing(2nd edition) missorimos by publications.
 Steinberger J Morgan A,HongCP,Jacobs DR Jr.Sinaiko AR(2001) Adiposity in childhood predicts obesity and insulin resistance in young
adulthood. JPediatr.
 Parthasarathy.A (2009)IAP text book of pediatrics (4th edition)newdelhi publications.
NET REFERENCES
 American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement (2007) Prevention of Pediatric Overweight and Obesity, Pediatrics Vol. 12, No 2,
viewed online 2/21/2008 at http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/ pediatrics;112/2/424
 Americas children viewed online 2-21-07@ www.childstats.gov/americaschildren

APPENDIX H
EVALUATION CRITERIA CHECKLIST FOR VALIDATION OF

ON THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION
OF OBESITY
INSTRUCTION:
The expert is requested to go through following evaluation criteria checklist prepared
for validating the intervention on INFORMATION EDUCATION AND
COMMUNICATION (IEC) ON THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
PREVENTION OF OBESITY.
There are three columns given for responses and a column and facilitate your remarks
in the remarks column given
INTERPRETATION COLUMNS:
• Meets the criteria - Column I
• Partially meets the criteria - Column II
• Does not meet the criteria - Column III
SL.NO CRITERIA I II III REMARKS
1. CONTENT
1.1 SELECTION OF CONTENT
1.2 Content reflects the objectives
1.3 Content has up to date knowledge
Content is comprehensive for the
knowledge of students in selected high
school regarding prevention of
obesity.
1.4 Content provides correct and accurate
information
1.5 Content coverage
2 ORGANIZATION OF CONTENT
2.1 Logical sequence
2.2 Continuity
2.3 Integration
3 LANGUAGE
3.1 Local language is used in simple and
in understandable dialogues
3.2 Technical terms are explained at the
level of learner ability
4 FEASIBILITY/PRACTICABILITY
4.1 Is the suitable to the students
4.2 Permit self learning
4.3 Acceptable to students
4.4 Interesting and useful to the students
4.5 Suitable for setting
If any suggestion.....
APPENDIX J
LETTER SEEKING CONSENT OF SUBJECTS FOR
PARTICIPATION IN THE STUDY (ENGLISH AND
TAMIL).
CONSENT FORM
Dear children’s,
GOOD MORNING! I am Mrs. Priscillal. J doing second year M.Sc., nursing in
Annai Meenakshi College of Nursing, Coimbatore. I am doing a research on “A Study
to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Information Education Communication on the level
of Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Obesity among Students in selected high
school at Kanyakumari”. I request your co-operation to complete my research. I
assure you that you won’t get any harm due to my research.
I am Mr/Ms.....................................................................................................I
heard about the effectiveness of Information Education Communication on
Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Obesity among Students from Mrs. Priscillal. J.
She explained me the benefits of this Information Education Communication. I agree
with this health education on Prevention of Obesity and this study project whole
heartedly.
Yours faithfully,
Place :
Date :

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A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

INFORMATION EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (IEC)

ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF OBESITY

AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE TAMILNADU DR.

M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, IN PARTIAL

FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

INFORMATION EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (IEC)

ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF OBESITY

AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE TAMILNADU DR.

M.G.R. MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, IN PARTIAL

FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

INFORMATION EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (IEC) ON

KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF OBESITY

AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED HIGH SCHOOL

APPROVED BY THE DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ON........................................

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE TAMILNADU

ANNAI MEENAKSHI COLLEGE OF NURSING, COIMBATORE.

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

PROF. MRS. M. MUMTAZ, M.Sc., (N).,MBA(HM),M.Phil.,

belief in yourself, vision, hard work, determination and dedication. Remember

all things are possible for those who believe”

I dedicate this book to

God almighty who blessed me to finish this

I dedicate this book to my

I dedicate this book to my beloved ever

Who gave me a marvellous emotional

support.Without theirsupport and love none of my

could have been gone ahead.

me to complete this dissertation successfully.

I honestly express my sincere thanks to MR. A.KARUPPAIAH, D.Pharm.,

provided to us and for giving me an opportunity to study in this esteemed institution.

I am grateful to express my thanks and sincere gratitude to

Prof. Mrs. M.MUMTAZ., M.Sc.,(N),MBA.,M.Phil., Principal, Annai Meenakshi

affectionate, moral support and encouragement during the study.

I extends my heartfelt and everlasting gratitude to Clinical Guide Asso. Prof.

MRS. SUTHANTHIRA KUMARI M.Sc., (N), Annai Meenakshi College of Nursing,

MA, M.Phil.,Ph.D., Professor in Research methodology, for her excellent guidance.

I am pleased to convey my profound thanks to my Medical Expert

DR. VEERAKESARI MBBS.,M.D., consultant Physician in Sri Meenakshi Hospital, for

I am very grateful to Paediatriction Dr.V. RAMACHANDRAN, MBBS.,M.D.,

I honestly express my sincere thanks and grateful to my study participants who

extended their cooperation throughout my study period.

I am forever grateful to my Class Co-ordinator, Mrs.GOKILA, M.Sc., (N),

I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to all my M.Sc., faculties

Mrs.S.BALAMANI, M.Sc.,(N), Mrs. S. P. BABEE M.Sc., (N), Mrs. M. SARANYA

M.Sc(N), Mrs. K. MULLAIKODI M.Sc(N), Mrs. M. NITHYA MS.c(N),

Ms.B.RAMYABHARATHI M.Sc(N), Ms.B.UDAYAJAYANTHI, Mr.P.V.RUBIN

ANTONY, Ms. G. MARUTHU, Ms.M.ASWATHY and Mr.TITUS FERNANDEZ for

their scholarly guidance, valuable suggestions, precise advice, inspiration and

encouragement which made the study purposeful.

suggestions and constructive comments.

I am thankful to the Librarian Mrs. SULOCHANA, M.Com.,M.L.I.Sc for her

I thank Mr. T. S. Venkatesh, B.Sc., Green Park Computers, Sundarapuram for

My special thanks to my lovable Husband and children those who provided me

the support which I needed at every step.

indirectly helped me in the successful completion of the study.

Obesity is an increasingly significant problem that is likely to endure and to have

development of obesity. Obesity is the second leading causes of death.