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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 1 of 18

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT


FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

BARRY ROBINSON, on behalf of himself and all


others similarly situated,
CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT
Plaintiff,
JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
v.
Case No.
APPLE INC.,

Defendant.

Plaintiff Barry Robinson (“Plaintiff”), on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,

brings this class action suit for damages and equitable relief against Defendant Apple Inc.

(“Defendant” or “Apple”) and alleges the following based upon personal information as to

allegations regarding himself and the investigation of his counsel, and on information and belief

as to all other allegations:

BACKGROUND

1. Plaintiff brings this case against Apple on behalf of himself and others for Apple’s

deceptive use of personal data from iPhones as well as additional personal Apple devices including

iPads, and Apple personal computers that utilize the App Store, etc. (hereinafter Apple devices).

2. As set forth herein, the technical detail of this case sounds complex, but it can be

distilled down to a simple premise: for all of Apple’s promises regarding privacy and its

consumers’ choice to keep their personal data private, Apple’s still tracks such information even

when it leads consumers to believe they are not being tracked.

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 2 of 18

3. This case is a simple case in which one of the largest technology companies in the

world has inappropriately utilized its brand loyalty and consumer trust to unknowingly charge a

premium for features for its products that it knew did not exist.

4. Until recently, consumers had no idea Apple was tracking their personal data to

profit even when they specifically asked Apple not to.

THE PARTIES

5. Plaintiff Barry Robinson is a resident of Bronx, New York. He has an iPhone 12

Pro Max, Macbook Air, Apple TV, and an iPad Pro. Plaintiff Robinson accesses apps from Apple’s

app store. He also expects Apple to honor his privacy selections on his devices. For example,

after purchasing his iPhone, Plaintiff Robinson turned off the “Share iPhone Analytics” option.

Meanwhile, Apple has nevertheless accessed his data while these features were turned off.

6. Defendant Apple Inc. is incorporated in California and maintains its principal place

of business at One Apple Park Way, Cupertino, CA 95014.

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

7. This Court has jurisdiction over this action under the Class Action Fairness Act

("CAFA"), 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d). There are at least 100 members in the proposed class, the

aggregated claims of the individual class members exceed the sum or value of $5,000,000.00

exclusive of interest and costs, and some of the members of the proposed class are citizens of states

different from the Defendant.

8. Defendant has sufficient minimum contacts in New York. Defendant intentionally

avails itself of the markets within New York through the promotion, sale, marketing, and

distribution of its products, which renders this Court’s exercise of jurisdiction necessary and

proper.

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 3 of 18

9. Venue is proper in this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391 because a substantial

part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claims occurred in this district, Defendant

transacts substantial business in this district, and Plaintiff resides in this district.

FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS

10. Apple is one of the world’s most popular and trusted brands.1

11. Accordingly, “Apple's reputation and brand allow it to charge a premium for its

high-end products.”2

12. At part of this brand, Apple has been specifically incorporating the notion that

unlike many other technology companies, it protects the privacy of its users.

13. As the world and technology have evolved, consumers have learned that companies

such as Apple sell their personal information for advertising revenue and as a result, the privacy

of personal information on personal computing devices has become very important to consumers.

14. As a competitive advantage, Apple has maligned its competitors and overtly

advertised it does not need to track users to harvest data and make money from it.

15. A description of an advertisement used by Apple is illustrative:

Apple's most recent ad portrays the amount of tracking that happens


within apps and on the sites you visit every day. It does it by
following a man throughout the day, highlighting all the ways the
different apps he uses are gathering and sharing data about it.

For example, the young man starts out at a coffee shop. When he
leaves, the barista follows and jumps in a rideshare with him,
sharing information with the driver. When he arrives at his
destination, both the driver and barista follow him in and share more
information with what looks to be a bank manager. You can imagine
how quickly the whole thing spirals into mayhem as each interaction
results in another tracker following him around throughout his day.

Of course, the idea is quite simple--the iPhone gives you a way to

1
https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/ (listing Apple as the number 1 brand for 2022).
2
https://www.businessinsider.com/why-apple-products-are-so-expensive-iphone-macbook-2019-11

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 4 of 18

stop the tracking. At the end, the iPhone user is given the option not
to allow tracking, and the accumulated mass of trackers disappear
like a game of whack-a-mole.3

16. Apple has consistently doubled down on its privacy message.

17. For example, in 2019, Apple launched the marketing campaign "Privacy. That’s

iPhone." Apple CEO Tim Cook has repeatedly said that Apple believes privacy is a "fundamental

human right," a statement it has been feature[ed] prominently. Apple also testified to a U.S.

Senate committee hearing, advocating support for federal privacy legislation. Apple's vice

president of software technology said that "ultimately, privacy is about living in a world where

you can trust that your decisions about how your personal information is shared and used are being

respected."4

18. Apple’s website is consistent with its privacy message:

3
https://www.inc.com/jason-aten/apples-new-privacy-ad-is-absurd-thats-why-its-so-brilliant.html
4
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/privacy-thats-iphone-other-fairy-tales-luiza-jarovsky/
5
https://www.apple.com/privacy/

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 5 of 18

Apple disingenuously promotes privacy while hindering its competition

19. “In April 2021, Apple launched its iOS 14.5 and the biggest update was making

targeted advertising much more difficult. Jack Raines explained:

"Before 14.5, 3rd-party sites (read: Facebook and Google) could


access your data through software development kits (SDKs) and
application programming interfaces (APIs) embedded in different
applications." (...) "Because Facebook and Google sign-ins were on
pretty much every application, these sites had access through their
APIs to a ton of consumer information. This information was then
used by these sites to build a profile of "you", which would be used
to share more relevant ads with you when you were on these sites."

In practice, before iOS 14.5, it was possible, but cumbersome to opt


out of API tracking - the user would have to dig into layers of
settings. After iOS 14.5, any time an app wants to access user
personal data, the user will see the following pop up:

6
https://www.apple.com/privacy/

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 6 of 18

Now, only around 20% of users allow app tracking.7

20. The twist in all of this is that consumers had no reason to suspect Apple actually

enabled this tracking feature to protect its own ad revenue at the expense of other competitors such

as Facebook.

21. This is because when Apple tracks its own user, the pop-up screen regarding

tracking shown above does not appear.8

22. Moreover, “[i]f a third-party app doesn’t track across outside apps and websites,

it also doesn’t need to show a pop-up." So Apple makes it difficult for others to track you, but it

facilitates their own tracking.”9

23. “Apple used the privacy narrative to make you buy iPhones and be proud of it - if

you care about privacy. Then it used the iOS 14.5 update (and following) to hold the competition

and finally grow their ad revenue.”10

7
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/privacy-thats-iphone-other-fairy-tales-luiza-jarovsky/
8
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/privacy-thats-iphone-other-fairy-tales-luiza-jarovsky/
9
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/privacy-thats-iphone-other-fairy-tales-luiza-jarovsky/
10
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/privacy-thats-iphone-other-fairy-tales-luiza-jarovsky/

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 7 of 18

24. For example, in 2019 Apple made less than $500 million in ad revenue and in 2021

it made approximately 4 billion in ad revenue.11

25. Apple’s business strategy is apparent: cut out the competition so it can keep the

advertising revenue for itself.

26. Authorities in France have caught on to some of Apple’s misleading privacy

practices and fined the company $8.5 million dollars.12

Despite its Privacy Claims, Apple tracks its own users when it explicitly says it will not

27. The most devastating part of this story of corporate greed is that independent

researchers have determined that Apple even tracks its own consumers and their data for its benefit

when it explicitly says it will not.

28. The fact is that “[t]he iPhone Analytics setting makes an explicit promise. Turn it

off, and Apple says that it will ‘disable the sharing of Device Analytics altogether.’ However,

Tommy Mysk and Talal Haj Bakry, two app developers and security researchers at the software

company Mysk, took a look at the data collected by a number of Apple iPhone apps—the App

Store, Apple Music, Apple TV, Books, and Stocks. They found the analytics control and other

privacy settings had no obvious effect on Apple’s data collection—the tracking remained the same

whether iPhone Analytics was switched on or off[.]”13

29. Moreover, Apple’s App store “appeared to harvest information about every single

thing you did in real time, including what you tapped on, which apps you search for, what ads you

saw, and how long you looked at a given app and how you found it. The app sent details about you

11
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/privacy-thats-iphone-other-fairy-tales-luiza-jarovsky/
12
See https://gizmodo.com/apple-iphone-france-ads-fine-illegal-data-1849950163 (“France’s data protection
authority, CNIL, fined Apple €8 million (about $8.5 million) Wednesday for illegally harvesting iPhone owners’
data for targeted ads without proper consent.”)
13
https://gizmodo.com/apple-iphone-analytics-tracking-even-when-off-app-store-1849757558

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 8 of 18

and your device as well, including ID numbers, what kind of phone you’re using, your screen

resolution, your keyboard languages, how you’re connected to the internet—notably, the kind of

information commonly used for device fingerprinting.”14

30. Switching off features such as device analytics had no impact on the information

Apple was sending.15

31. Apple’s misleading privacy campaign regarding tracking of its consumers is also

outside the industry norm: the independent researchers “ran similar tests in the past looking at

analytics in Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge. In both of those apps, …the data isn’t sent when

analytics settings are turned off[.]”16

CLASS ACTION ALLEGATIONS

32. Plaintiff brings this action on behalf of himself and the members of the following

class (the “Nationwide Class”):

All persons residing in the United States who, during the maximum
period of time permitted by law purchased an Apple device
primarily for personal, family or household purposes, and not for
resale and unknowingly had their personal information tracked by
Apple after they turned off the setting permitting Apple to track their
information.

33. Plaintiff also “brings this action on behalf of himself and the members of the

following subclass (the “New York Class”):

All persons residing in the state of New York who, during the
maximum period of time permitted by law purchased an Apple
device primarily for personal, family or household purposes, and not
for resale and unknowingly had their personal information tracked
by Apple after they turned off the setting permitting Apple to track
their information.

14
https://gizmodo.com/apple-iphone-analytics-tracking-even-when-off-app-store-1849757558
15
https://gizmodo.com/apple-iphone-analytics-tracking-even-when-off-app-store-1849757558
16
https://gizmodo.com/apple-iphone-analytics-tracking-even-when-off-app-store-1849757558

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 9 of 18

34. Specifically excluded from this definition are: (1) Defendant, any entity in which

any Defendant has a controlling interest, and its legal representatives, officers, directors,

employees, assigns and successors; (2) the Judge to whom this case is assigned and any member

of the Judge’s staff or immediate family; and (3) Class Counsel.

35. Plaintiff reserves the right to amend these class definitions as necessary.

36. As used herein, “Class Members” shall mean and refer to the members of the

classes including Plaintiff.

37. Numerosity: Although the exact number of Class Members is uncertain and can

only be ascertained through appropriate discovery, the number is great enough such that joinder is

impracticable. The disposition of the claims of these Class Members in a single action will provide

substantial benefits to all parties and to the Court.

38. Typicality: The claims of the representative Plaintiff are typical in that Plaintiff,

like all Class Members, purchased Apple products that were manufactured and distributed by

Defendant and subsequently tracked by Defendant when asked not to do so. Plaintiff, like all Class

Members, has been damaged by Defendant’s misconduct in that, inter alia, he has incurred damage

due to purchasing Apple devices that he wouldn’t have purchased had he known he was being

misled regarding Defendant’s privacy practices. Alternatively, Plaintiff paid a premium price he

would not have paid a premium for had he known other alternatives existed that did not lie about

privacy features. Furthermore, the factual basis of Defendant’s misconduct is common to all Class

Members and represents a common thread of fraudulent, deliberate, and negligent misconduct

resulting in injury to all Class Members.

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 10 of 18

39. Commonality: There are numerous questions of law and fact common to Plaintiff

and Class Members that predominate over any individual questions. These common legal and

factual issues include the following:

a. whether Defendant’s claims regarding its devices’ privacy discussed above are

true, or are misleading, or reasonably likely to deceive;

b. whether the alleged conduct constitutes violations of the laws asserted herein;

c. whether Defendant engaged in false or misleading advertising;

d. whether Defendant’s conduct violated consumer protection laws alleged herein

e. whether Plaintiff and Class Members were damaged by Defendant’s conduct;

f. whether Plaintiff and Class Members are entitled to damages and equitable

relief; and

g. whether Plaintiff and Class members are entitled to an award of punitive

damages.

40. Adequate Representation: Plaintiff will fairly and adequately protect the interests

of Class Members. Plaintiff has retained attorneys experienced in the prosecution of class actions,

and Plaintiff intends to prosecute this action vigorously.

41. Predominance and Superiority: Plaintiff and Class Members have all suffered harm

and damages as a result of Defendant’s unlawful and wrongful conduct. A class action is superior

to other available methods for the fair and efficient adjudication of the controversy. Absent a class

action, Class Members would likely find the cost of litigating their claims prohibitively high and

would therefore have no effective remedy at law. Because of the relatively small size of Class

Members’ individual claims, it is likely that few Class Members could afford to seek legal redress

for Defendant’s misconduct. Absent a class action, Defendant’s misconduct will continue without

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 11 of 18

remedy. Class treatment of common questions of law and fact would also be a superior method to

multiple individual actions or piecemeal litigation in that class treatment will conserve the

resources of the courts and the litigants and will promote consistency and efficiency of

adjudication.

CAUSES OF ACTION17

COUNT ONE
INVASION OF PRIVACY
(on behalf of the Nationwide class).

42. Plaintiff restates and realleges the paragraphs above as if fully set forth herein.

43. Plaintiff and Class Members had a legitimate expectation of privacy with respect

to their personal information and were accordingly entitled to the protection of this information

against disclosure to unauthorized third parties such as Defendant.

44. Defendant owed a duty to its customers, including Plaintiff and Class Members, to

ensure that the personal information it was given and which it gathered from customers remained

confidential, secure, and non-utilized for a profit purpose when consumers explicitly asked that

the information not be used.

45. The failure to ensure the integrity and privacy of Plaintiff’s and Class Members’

personal information is highly offensive to a reasonable person because Apple said it would not

track such information and then tracked it any way.

46. The intrusion was into a place or thing, which was private and is entitled to be

private: personal devices. Plaintiff and Class Members purchased and used Defendant’s products

with the expectation that their personal information would be safeguarded and not profited from

when they specifically asked that it not be tracked.

17
The statutes of limitation have been tolled until Plaintiff recently discovered the tracking.

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 12 of 18

47. The failure to ensure customer personal data is properly protected and remains

private constitutes intentional interference with Plaintiff and Class Members’ interest in solitude

or seclusion, either as to their persons or as to their private affairs or concerns, of a kind that would

be highly offensive to a reasonable person.

48. Defendant acted with a knowing state of mind when it collected and said it would

not track customer personal information, but then it did so.

49. Acting with this knowledge, Defendant had notice and knew that its misleading

data harvesting policies would cause injury to Plaintiff and Class Members.

50. As a proximate result of Defendant’s acts and omissions, Plaintiff and Class

Members’ privacy was violated causing Plaintiff and Class Members to suffer damages.

51. Unless and until enjoined, and restrained by order of this Court, Defendant’s

wrongful conduct will continue to cause great and irreparable injury to Plaintiff and Class

Members.

52. Plaintiff and Class Members have no adequate remedy at law for the injuries in that

a judgment for monetary damages will not end the invasion of privacy for Plaintiff and Class

Members.

COUNT TWO
BREACH OF IMPLIED CONTRACT
(On behalf of Nationwide class)

53. Plaintiff restates and realleges the paragraphs above as if fully set forth herein.

54. Defendant sold its devices to Plaintiff and Class Members for which it received a

benefit in the form of monetary payment.

55. Defendant has acknowledged the benefit and accepted or retained the benefit

conferred.

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 13 of 18

56. Plaintiff and Class Members paid money to Defendant in exchange for devices and

services, along with Defendant’s promise to protect their personal information from unauthorized

disclosure.

57. Implicit in the agreement between Plaintiff and Class Members and the Defendant

was the latter’s obligation to not track consumers who asked not to be tracked.

58. Without such implied contracts, Plaintiff and Class Members would not have

purchased their devices from Defendant or would have paid less for them.

59. Plaintiff and Class Members fully performed their obligations under the implied

contract with Defendant, however, Defendant did not.

60. Defendant breached the implied contracts with Plaintiff and Class Members by

tracking Class Members when they specifically asked not to be tracked. These circumstances are

such that it would be inequitable for Defendant to retain the benefits received.

61. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant’s breach of its implied contracts with

Plaintiff and Class Members, Plaintiff and Class Members have suffered and will suffer injury,

including but not limited to the premium they paid for the Apple devices not to be tracked.

COUNT THREE
UNJUST ENRICHMENT18
(On behalf of the Nationwide class)

62. Plaintiff restates and realleges the paragraphs above as if fully set forth herein.

63. As the intended and expected result of its conscious wrongdoing, Defendant has

profited and benefited from the purchase of its devices by Plaintiff and the Class Members.

64. Defendant has voluntarily accepted and retained these profits and benefits, with full

knowledge and awareness that, as a result of its misconduct, Plaintiff and Class Members did not

18
This cause of action is plead in the alternative to the breach of contract claims.

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 14 of 18

receive a product of the quality, nature, fitness, or value that had been represented by Defendant,

and that reasonable consumers expected.

65. Defendant has been unjustly enriched by its fraudulent and deceptive withholding

of benefits to Plaintiff and the Class Members at the expense of these parties.

66. Equity and good conscience militate against permitting Defendant to retain these

profits and benefits.

67. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant’s unjust enrichment, Plaintiff and the

Class suffered injury and seek an order directing Defendant’s disgorgement and the return to

Plaintiff and the Class Members of the amount each Class Member improperly paid to Defendant.

COUNT FOUR
VIOLATIONS OF NEW YORK GBL § 349
(On Behalf of Plaintiff and New York Class Members)

68. Plaintiff restates and realleges the paragraphs above as if fully set forth herein.

69. New York General Business Law Section 349 (“GBL § 349”) declares unlawful

“[d]eceptive acts or practices in the conduct of any business, trade, or commerce or in the

furnishing of any service in this state . . .”

70. The conduct of Defendant alleged herein constitutes recurring, “unlawful”

deceptive acts and practices in violation of GBL § 349, and as such, Plaintiff and the New York

Class Members seek monetary damages and the entry of preliminary and permanent injunctive

relief against Defendant, enjoining them from inaccurately describing, labeling, marketing, and

promoting the Products and from charging consumers monies in the future.

71. Defendant misleadingly, inaccurately, and deceptively advertise and market the

devices to consumers.

72. Defendant’s improper consumer-oriented conduct (including representing that its

devices allow users to select settings that would stop Defendant from collecting and tracking user’s

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 15 of 18

personal, private data) is misleading in a material way in that it, inter alia, induced Plaintiff and

the New York Class Members to purchase and pay a premium for Defendant’s devices and to use

the devices when they otherwise would not have. Defendant made its untrue and/or misleading

statements and representations willfully, wantonly, and with reckless disregard for the truth.

73. Plaintiff and the New York Class Members have been injured inasmuch as they

paid a premium for devices that (contrary to Defendant’s representation) do not allow users to

select settings that would stop Defendant from collecting and tracking user’s personal, private data.

Accordingly, Plaintiff and the New York Class Members received less than what they bargained

and/or paid for.

74. Defendant’s advertising and Products’ labeling induced Plaintiff and the New York

Class Members to buy Defendant’s devices and to pay a premium price for them.

75. Defendant’s deceptive and misleading practices constitute a deceptive act and

practice in the conduct of business in violation of New York General Business Law §349(a) and

Plaintiff and the New York Class Members have been damaged thereby.

76. As a result of Defendant’s recurring, “unlawful” deceptive acts and practices,

Plaintiff and the New York Class Members are entitled to monetary, statutory damages of $50 per

unit sold, compensatory, treble and punitive damages, injunctive relief, restitution, and

disgorgement of all moneys obtained by means of Defendant’s unlawful conduct, interest, and

attorneys’ fees and costs.

COUNT FIVE
VIOLATION OF NEW YORK GBL § 350
(On Behalf of Plaintiff and the New York Class Members)

77. Plaintiff restates and realleges the paragraphs above as if fully set forth herein.

78. N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law § 350 provides, in part, as follows:

False advertising in the conduct of any business, trade, or commerce

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 16 of 18

or in the furnishing of any service in this state is hereby declared


unlawful.

79. N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law § 350a(1) provides, in part, as follows:

The term ‘false advertising, including labeling, of a commodity, or


of the kind, character, terms or conditions of any employment
opportunity if such advertising is misleading in a material respect.
In determining whether any advertising is misleading, there shall be
taken into account (among other things) not only representations
made by statement, word, design, device, sound or any combination
thereof, but also the extent to which the advertising fails to reveal
facts material in the light of such representations with respect to the
commodity or employment to which the advertising relates under
the conditions proscribed in said advertisement, or under such
conditions as are customary or usual . . .

80. Defendant’s labeling and advertisements contain untrue and materially misleading

statements concerning Defendant’s devices inasmuch as they misrepresent that the devices allow

users to select settings that would stop Defendant from collecting and tracking user’s personal,

private data when such settings do not function in this manner.

81. Plaintiff and the New York Class Members have been injured inasmuch as they

relied upon the labeling, packaging, and advertising and paid a premium for the devices which

(contrary to Defendant’s representation) do not allow users to select settings that would stop

Defendant from collecting and tracking user’s personal, private data. Accordingly, Plaintiff and

the New York Class Members received less than what they bargained and/or paid for.

82. Defendant’s advertising induced Plaintiff and the New York Class Members to buy

Defendant’s devices.

83. Defendant made its untrue and/or misleading statement and representation

willfully, wantonly, and with reckless disregard for the truth.

84. Defendant’s conduct constitutes multiple, separate violations of N.Y. Gen. Bus.

Law § 350.

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 17 of 18

85. Defendant made the material misrepresentation described in this Complaint in

Defendant’s advertising and within the devices.

86. Defendant’s material misrepresentation was substantially uniform in content,

presentation, and impact upon consumers at large. Moreover, all consumers purchasing the

devices were and continue to be exposed to Defendant’s material misrepresentation.

87. As a result of Defendant’s recurring, “unlawful” deceptive acts and practices,

Plaintiff and New York Class Members are entitled to monetary, statutory damages of $500 per

unit sold, compensatory, treble and punitive damages, injunctive relief, restitution, and

disgorgement of all moneys obtained by means of Defendant’s unlawful conduct, interest, and

attorneys’ fees and costs.

PRAYER FOR RELIEF

WHEREFORE, Plaintiff, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, seek

a judgment against Defendant, as follows:

a. For an order certifying the Nationwide and New York Class under Rule 23 of

the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and naming Plaintiff as representative of

the Class and New York Class and Plaintiff’s attorneys as Class Counsel;

b. For an order declaring that Defendant’s conduct violated the statutes referenced

herein;

c. For an order finding in favor of Plaintiff, Class, and Subclasses on all counts

asserted herein;

d. For compensatory, statutory, and punitive damages in amounts to be determined

by the Court and/or jury;

e. For prejudgment interest on all amounts awarded;

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Case 1:23-cv-00877 Document 1 Filed 02/02/23 Page 18 of 18

f. For an order of equitable monetary relief;

g. For injunctive relief as pleaded or as the Court may deem proper; and

h. For an order awarding Plaintiff, the Class, and Subclasses their reasonable

attorneys’ fees and expenses and costs of suit.

JURY TRIAL DEMANDED

Plaintiff hereby demands a trial by jury on all issues so triable.

Dated: February 2, 2023

THE SULTZER LAW GROUP P.C.

By: Jason P. Sultzer /s/


_______________________________
Jason P. Sultzer, Esq.
Daniel Markowitz, Esq.
85 Civic Center Plaza, Suite 200
Poughkeepsie, NY 12601
Tel: (845) 483-7100
Fax: (888) 749-7747
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]

Charles E. Schaffer, Esq.


David C. Magagna Jr., Esq.
LEVIN SEDRAN & BERMAN
510 Walnut Street, Suite 500
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Tel: 215-592-1500
[email protected]
[email protected]

Jeffrey K. Brown, Esq.


LEEDS BROWN LAW, P.C.
1 Old Country Rd., Suite 347
Carle Place, NY 11514
Tel: (516) 873-9550
[email protected]

Attorneys for Plaintiff and the Proposed Classes

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