Brief Hydrogeological Studies of Watershed MR-03 (37) in Context of Groundwater Estimation, Washi, Osmanabad, Maharashtra, India
Brief Hydrogeological Studies of Watershed MR-03 (37) in Context of Groundwater Estimation, Washi, Osmanabad, Maharashtra, India
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Abstract:- The global population is increasing rapidly Because of variations in their basic characteristics;
and expected to touch the 9.5 billion mark by 2050 from physiography and variability in the rainfall, there are
the current 7.2 billion. The management of the limitations on the availability of groundwater. Though there
groundwater resources is a challenging task worldwide is unanimity about this, there is still considerable difference
against the backdrop of the growing water demand for of opinion among the scientists about the precise degree of
industrial, agricultural, and domestic uses and shrinking these limitations. In order to assess the availability of
resources. Moreover, this task has been hampered groundwater and to ensure maximum accuracy in
significantly due to declining/rising groundwater levels groundwater estimates, the Central Government and state
and associated contamination. A broad range of government has, from time to time, appointed committees
solutions could be considered to address the comprising groundwater experts and Geoscientist and has
aforementioned problems of groundwater management laid down guidelines for this purpose. The total demand for
strategy. This paper presents a comprehensive review on water from the groundwater domain is increasing day by
the Water level, Rainfall, Groundwater estimation and day. The main reason for this is the self reliance being
cropping pattern of the studied area which can be useful experienced by users of groundwater. But as this is leading
for applications of the management of groundwater to inexorable withdrawal, and as the status regarding total
resources and recharge techniques. availability of groundwater is of uncertain nature, it is
imperative to give more serious thought and a new direction
It would also be necessary to plan and control the to groundwater planning and management.
use of groundwater under the prevailing conditions.
Publication and distribution of annual reports and Groundwater is the most important natural resources. It
related programmes for creating awareness amongst the provides drinking water to rural as well as urban
community and for educating them will have to be community, supports irrigation & industry, sustains the flow
undertaken regularly. This will enable avoiding scarcity, of streams & rivers and maintains wetland ecosystem. There
as well as the hectic activity and excessive expenditure is significant freshwater deficit in many areas of the State.
that has become characteristic of summer months. The Human health, welfare and food security are at risk unless
present study discussed about the optimum planning of the groundwater resources are managed more effectively
GW recharge and need to control the irrigation draft and efficiently by the community. It is very much obvious
less than the recharge. Application of Regulatory that over extraction of ground water over years without any
measures for not drilling bore wells. Optimum use of compensatory replenishment is affecting large tracts of land
water saving practices. There should be annual GW adversely. The non-replenishment of the shallow aquifers
budgeting on regular basis, need to plan cropping as per and depletion of the deeper aquifers on account of
GW availability. unregulated sinking of deep borewells/tubewells, almost
amounting to “water-mining” unmindful of the adverse
I. INTRODUCTION ecological effects is one of the contributory causes for
recurring droughts. Concerted action, therefore, is needed to
Groundwater is a natural resource with both ecological reverse the present trend of periodic occurrence of droughts.
and economic value and is of vital importance for sustaining
life, health and integrity of ecosystems. This resource is II. BACKGROUND
increasingly threatened by over-extraction which has
insidious long-term effects. Scarcity and misuse of The watershed MR-07 (3/7) in Washi Taluka of
groundwater pose a serious threat to sustainable Osmanabad district is one of the study areas identified for to
development and livelihood. The availability of groundwater enhance the climate-resilience and profitability of
is extremely uneven, both in space, time and depth and so smallholder farming systems in project area in Nanaji
will be the case in future. The uneven distribution of Deshmukh Krushi Sanjeevani Prakalp, Mumbai and to
groundwater in the district can be mainly attributed to highly frame groundwater recharge plan for the study area.
heterogeneous lithology and regional variation of rainfall. Groundwater being the main source of irrigation in the area
In order to study the areaBaseline data collected from different state government department. The detail hydrogeological
field survey has been carried out in the month of May-Sept 2019, ,Geophysical (Electrical Resistivity) Survey has been carried out
from experts of the organization. Collection and testing of water samples from pipe water supply scheme of studies area was done
in the district water testing laboratory of Osmanabad GSDA, Aquifer based Groundwater Estimation is done in the said paper.
There are total 60 farm ponds existed in the study area. Most of the farm ponds are reported to be constructed during the last
3-4 years. Out of these farm ponds 30 (50%) are located along the bank of streams flowing through the study area and remaining
30 (50%) farm ponds are located in inside land away from the streams (Fig.-02).
It is reported that farm ponds located along the stream bank (50%) are filled partially by pumping runoff water accumulated
or drained through the streams during the rainy season and partially by groundwater pumped either from dug well or bore well;
while the remaining 50% are filled by groundwater pumped either from dug well or bore well, as there is no scope of that much
run off to be generated and accumulated in the field. Thus the farm ponds are mainly filled by groundwater which may be pumped
either from dug well or bore well. Total storage capacity of these farm ponds is 142.5 TCM. These farm ponds are filled and
refilled as per the availability of water and irrigation timings of the crops. Groundwater pumped from dug well or bore well is
stored in farm pond and then supplied to the crop either by gravity flow or by pumping.
Fig.2 Location Map of farm ponds in the Study area no 525_MR-7_03, Osmanabad
A.
B.
C.
Fig.4 A,B,C- Dailyrainfall of Tarkheda circle rain gauge station
Fig.5 Monthly rainfall at Terkheda circle rain gauge station for last three year
Normal rainfall for the area is 764 mm which has dependability of 30%, while 75 % dependable rainfall for the area is 520
mm. As per the Strange’s table run- off coefficient for average catchment with rainfall of 520 mm is 12% (0.12). Thus if WCS are
planned by using this value, the probability of filling of all the structures will be more. Estimated value of run-off is as;
If the annual rainfall is more than the considered value with uniform temporal distribution, as in the case of year 2016 and
2017 the runoff coefficient will be more i.e. 20 % for 780 to 800 mm. So the run off will naturally be more, but dependability of
such rainfall and hence the run off is very less.
Drainages were also traversed simultaneously for mapping of surface geology and water conservation structures.
Based on the actual field work done in the area, the total no. Dug wells in three village are 393 and Bore wells are 269
which are used for irrigation purpose, Out of 393, 119 dugwell and 20 borewells are actual surveyed at the time of field course.
Average depth of the Dugwells are ranging in between 15to 20 m and for borewells are 100-150 m, Average static water level ( in
m bgl)in Winter is 3-7m, and in summer is 8-16m. Average annual Groundwater level fluctuation is about 6m (3-9m).
There are two aquifers are encountered in the area, one is shallow phreatic, depth ranging from 7-16m, which shows
Altitude range in between 705- 725 mbgl , thickness of aquifers observed in the area average 8 m, Saturated thickness of shallow
aquifer in winter 8-10m and in summer 1-2m. which shows three Basalt flows having average thickness of 13 to 15 m. The flows
are of simple nature as the boundaries are clearly differentiated at some depths and locations by means of Red bole. Each flow has
two sub units as, the vesicular amygdaloidal basalt (VAB) and the compact basalt (CB). Red bole layer or chilled margins separate
the flow from each other. (Fig 8&9). Weathered and sheet jointed vesicular amygdaloidal basalt (VAB) and compact basalt acts as
an aquifer in the area. Vertical and sub vertical joints are also observed in the VAB and CB sub units but are not prominent
enough to provide potential specific yield to the aquifer. Therefore average specific yield of the shallow aquifer in the study area
is around 1.3 % (0.013) as obtained by dry season specific yield method.
Depth to groundwater level in post monsoon(winter 2018) varies from 3 to 13 m bgl. However the depth to GW level
between 3 to 7 m.bgl is more common. Depth to groundwater level map in Pre-monsoon (Summer 2019), varies from 6 to 18 m
bgl. However the depth to GW level between 8 to 12 m.bgl is more common. Annual GW level fluctuates between 3 to 11 m. But
major part of the area shows the GW fluctuations between 3 to 9 m. Thus average WTF for the study area is considered as 6 m.
WTF is very less in the Mandva village area, whereas it is greater in Sonarvadi and southern Bavi areas. Thus, indicating
heterogeneity in the aquifer behavior and hence in the groundwater recharge.
Resistivity Method:
The main principle of resistivity method is based on the concept of resistivity. The electrical resistivity may be defined as the
resistance offered by a unit cube of material to direct current flowing through it in a direction perpendicular to two of its opposite
faces. The unit of resistivity is Ohm-meter.
Schlumberger Configuration:
Schlumberger configuration was taken with a maximum half current electrode separation 150-200m (AB/2).A pre-
determined set of current electrode separations with calculated geometric factors has been used for collection of sounding data.
The geometric factor is given by K=∏AM AN
MN
The apparent Resistivity (ρa) =˘K*R
Here K is geometric factor and R is resistance of the rock material.
Instrumentation:
The Geophysical instrument Terrameter SAS 300C (Sweden) is used for the carrying the electrical resistivity survey. The
instrument directly gives the resistance value for each current electrode separation, which when multiplied with the geometric
factor, gives the apparent resistivity.
Interpretation:
The apparent resistivity values are plotted against the current electrode separation AB/2 on the double log graph paper. AB/2
values on the y-axis and obtained values of resistivity on x-axis are plotted. The data were interpreted with the help of master
curves and IPI2win resistivity software. The interpreted results show the true resistivity and its thickness. The interpreted results
can be further utilized for preparing Iso resistivity section which gives the aquifer demarcation of subsurface geological formation.
The apparent resistivity values are divided into four zones with colors.
Vertical electrical Sounding (VES) data analysis of studied areas shows poor aquifer conditions, which confirm the sub
surface hydrogeological observations are same as mentioned in preliminary geological set up of the area. The A type curves are
identified in the area. This indicates poor groundwater potential in the area. Low resistivity value ranges gives low potential in the
given area.