Proposed Disaster Resilient Shelter and Isolation Facility
Proposed Disaster Resilient Shelter and Isolation Facility
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
BATANGAS
Dasmariñas, Cavite
Submitted by:
201420548
ARC54
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CERTFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
previously published nor written material by another person, nor material that has
been accepted for any other degree or diploma at De La Salle University Dasmariñas
this thesis for any contribution made by others, with whom we have worked at
DLSU-D or elsewhere.
It is also claimed that the intellectual content of this thesis is the result of my
efforts, with the exception of acknowledgement of aid from others in the Project's
_______________________
201420548.
___________________________________________________
Thesis Adviser.
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APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that I have supervised the preparation of and have read the
Proposed Disaster Resilient Shelter with Isolation Center located in Talisay, Batangas
prepared by Tingzon, Kimberly Kate C., and that the said thesis has been
recommended for acceptance and approval for oral defense by the Thesis Evaluation
Committee.
OWEN O. NICERIO
Thesis Adviser
___________________
Thesis Coordinator
The members of the Thesis Evaluation Committee, we hereby certify that we have
revied and exacting this thesis with a grade of _____ and hereby recommended that it
Architectural Design 9 and 10 for the degree of Bachelor of Science and Architecture.
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ABSTRACT
People's lives are disrupted when disasters compel them to evacuate their homes
and seek refuge in an evacuation center. Buildings utilized as evacuation shelters are
compelled to cease their intended uses, which can extend for weeks. The difficulty
disasters do not occur every day, the built evacuation center is sometimes ineffective
and may be neglected. This project, Kapuy-An: Proposed Disaster Risk Refuge with
Isolation Center, was envisaged as a viable architectural solution that will give shelter
to evacuees during a disaster, as well as housing for positive patients with infectious
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DEDICATION
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
knowledge and wisdom. I'd want to thank our Thesis Adviser, Ar. Owen Nicerio, for
allowing me to be a member of his advisee group and get support during the thesis
writing process. I've learned new technical writing abilities and knowledge that I'll
grow with them in terms of thesis writing improvement, as well as to my dear friends,
Ms. Alyssa Mae Apuyan, Ms. Jann Naima Chua, and Ms. Regine Gail San Jose,
for additional guidance and unwavering support. I'd also like to thank our Thesis
Coordinator, Ar. Pamela Turingan, for leading us through the entire process, from
answering our worries and enquiries to motivating us to keep going. And to the most
essential being who made all of this possible, I extend my heartfelt thanks to our dear
God; I offer Him all of my experiences and learning, and I continue to seek His
guidance.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTFICATE OF ORIGINALITY 2
APPROVAL SHEET 3
ABSTRACT 4
DEDICATION 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS 7
LIST OF TABLES 14
LIST OF APPENDICES 15
A. Introduction 16
C. Statement of Purpose/Objectives 25
1. PROJECT OBJECTIVE 25
a) ARCHITECTURAL OBJECTIVES 26
G. List of Acronyms 29
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Chapter 2 – CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1
2. Evacuation Center 2
c) Type 6
3. Isolation Center 7
Administrative Order 7
GREEN SPACE 20
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1. Disaster Resilient Shelter 20
a) Local 20
b) International 27
2. Green Spaces 30
a) Local 30
b) International 31
3. Isolation Center 34
a) Local 34
b) International 37
2. Arrangement of Spaces 46
1. Conceptual Framework 47
Chapter 3 – METHODOLOGY 49
A. Research Design 49
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a) Site Criteria 50
o The Internet 52
c) Site Survey 53
A. Existing Conditions 54
A. The Site 55
1. Analysis 55
e) Site Amenities 55
2. Transformation of Form 55
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3. Articulation of Form and Integration of the Elements of Composition
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5. Interior Articulation 55
6. Material Expressions 55
E. Spatial Analysis 55
1. Derivation 55
b) Issue Rejoinder-Analysis 55
2. Quantification 55
3. Sizing 55
4. Articulation 55
1. Electrical 55
3. Electronics 56
4. Electrical 56
5. Other Systems 56
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H. Synthesis of Space Program and Spatial Juxtaposition 56
1. Interrelationship Diagram 56
2. Behavioral Diagram 56
3. Circulatory Diagram 56
I. Sustainability Analysis 56
J. Summary of Results 56
adopt any philosophy from any source or known architect/ this shall be the
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B. The Landscaping 56
C. The Plan 56
BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES 56
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APPENDICES 56
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LIST OF TABLES
Figure 1.................................................................................................................19
Figure 2.................................................................................................................20
Figure 3.................................................................................................................21
Figure 4.................................................................................................................22
Figure 5.................................................................................................................23
Figure 6.................................................................................................................24
Figure 7.................................................................................................................16
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LIST OF APPENDICES
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Chapter 1 – The Problem and Its Background
A. Introduction
location and located on the seismically active Pacific “Ring of Fire,” a band of
volcanoes and fault lines that arcs round the edge of the Pacific Ocean. The main
things that go wrong are lava flows, pyroclastic flows, volcanic bombs, and ash falls.
has one of the Philippines' busiest passenger and freight facilities, Batangas
International Port. It has one of the country's largest oil refineries, three natural gas
transportation are centered on the city. Batangas has fast urbanization. It has historical
landmarks, distinctive structures, and outdoor attractions. Near Manila, the province
Provincial Tourism and Cultural Affairs Office forecasts 10.35 million visitors this
Even with all of this, it's easy to forget that Batangas is one of the Philippines'
seventh most dangerous place on the planet. In recent January 2020, when the Taal
Volcano erupted, Batangas declared a state of calamity. The world's smallest active
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volcano yet second most active reached Alert Level 4, which means it made
earthquakes all the time until it finally stopped. Because of this disaster, more than
15,000 people and 3,000 families had to leave their homes. Taal Volcano has been on
Alert Level 2 since 9 March 2021. Taal Volcano Network recorded volcanic tremors,
SO2 gas emissions, and steam-rich plumes after the 1 July phreatomagmatic plume.
Volcanic smog was seen over CALABARZON, the NCR, and other portions of
Luzon. Volcanic smog irritates eyes, throat, and lungs. Preexisting conditions, the
elderly, pregnant women, and children are especially vulnerable. 6,262 households
centers, and others stayed with relatives or acquaintances. Farming, cattle, fishing,
Table 1
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On April 4, 2017, a 5.5 magnitude earthquake hit the province of Batangas in the
Philippines. This was the most recent disaster. After the earthquake, two more of 5.6
and 6.0 magnitude hit Mabini, Batangas. More than 5,000 people were forced to leave
their homes. According to the census, the population of Talisay, Batangas in 2020
was 46,238, and as of 2022, there are still 612 households or 2,328 people who
remain homeless and still increasing as a result of disasters that occurred in and
Even with what's been going on lately, a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2
virus called Coronavirus disease or what most people call COVID-19 has been
spreading around the world, including the Philippines, since 2019. As of today, April
10, there had been 3,681,374 COVID-19 cases and 59,769 (1.6% of all COVID-19
deaths) since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a sudden and sharp rise
in the number of cases in late December 2021. The number of cases reported per day
peaked in early January and has been going down ever since (Figure 1). There were
1,905 new cases reported in week 14 (4-10 April 2022), which is 29% less than the
week before (28 March – 3 April 2022: 2,670 new cases, 2.4 cases per 100,000
population3). For week 14, there were 678 cases in NCR, 268 cases in Region IV-A:
CALABARZON, which includes Batangas, and 199 cases in Region III: Central
Luzon.
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Figure 1
Daily reported COVID-19 cases in the Philippines (30 January 2020 – 14 August
2022)
Batangas is structurally build to withstand disasters around the area with isolation
center to help the improvement of safety of the community on the ongoing pandemic.
It aims to shelter people who are in danger because of natural disasters, pandemics
and any outbreaks. Shelters for disaster relief (DR) are an important part of
responding to and getting back on your feet after a big disaster. DR shelters are used
to give people who have been forced to leave or lost their homes because of a disaster
a safe and private place to stay. DR shelters not only give disaster victims a place to
stay right away and for a short time, but they also help them get over the trauma of
the disaster and give them a place to start the process of recovery. Even though
Batangas was the first place to do something about COVID by opening Isolation
Centers, it is still one of the cities with the most COVID cases as of August. This is
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why Kapuy-An wants to help add another isolation facility for people who have
Figure 2
Proposed 12,000 SqM Kapuy-An Lot Area located in Tranca, Talisay, Batangas
Our nation has many natural wonders. Most of our provinces contain islands with
diverse plants and animals, fine-sand beaches, and gorgeous mountains. Most of our
idyllic islands are also disaster-prone. We reside in the typhoon belt, so natural
catastrophes are often, but there are also ways to avert them. Overpopulation,
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and floods. In the Philippines, using schools and gyms as evacuation shelters could
make it tougher for people to live and work regularly, especially those not
immediately affected by a crisis. Batangas is called "The Land of Rolling Hills and
Wide Shore Lands" because it has the Taal Volcano, Nasugbu, and most of the
world's coral reef species. Southern Luzon is noted for its temperate weather, lovely
Figure 3
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Despite this, it is easy to forget that Batangas is one of the Philippines' most
among the world's ten most dangerous locations. However, given the recent
Figure 4
Impacts of Taal Volcano Phreatic Eruption (12 January 2020) on the Environment
and Population
The Taal Volcano erupted in January 2020, and Batangas announced a state of
emergency. The world's smallest active volcano reached Alert Level 4, which implies
it continued to produce tremors until it stopped. More than 15,000 persons and 3,000
families were forced to flee their homes as a result of the calamity. Taal Volcano will
remain active for the foreseeable future. Agoncillo, Alitagtag, Balete, Cuenca, Laurel,
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Lemery, Lipa City, Malvar, Mataas na Kahoy, San Nicolas, Sta. Teresita, Taal,
Talisay, Tagaytay and Tanauan City are among the local government units (LGUs)
Figure 5
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This is in addition to the Taal Volcano Eruption. Phivolcs said the earthquake
happened about 10:59 p.m., 4 kilometers (km) northeast of Tingloy, Batangas. The
instruments of Phivolcs also recorded the earthquake at Intensity III in Batangas City,
Batangas; Intensity II in Tagaytay City and Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro; and
record of being one of the largest positive COVID patients despite being one of the
fastest to response to it and has higher chance that they might also increase COVID
got a sharp increase starting at the beginning of the year (Figure 6) and surrounded by
the city which has the largest population of COVID-19 which is NCR as of today.
Figure 6
Daily reported COVID-19 cases in the Philippines (15 March 2020 – 2 January
2022)
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The proposed site will be in Tranca, Talisay, Batangas, one of the 14km risk
evacuation shelter for victims of natural disasters in the community, and an isolation
center for positive patients with communicable diseases, particularly families who do
not meet the DOH checklist standards. The two buildings are linked to another
scenario, which is to host post-disaster victims who lost their homes due to the effects
of the natural disaster. The structure will also be self-sufficient, thanks to a rooftop
farm, rainwater harvesting, solar panels, and generators. The government could
provide funding for the initiative. Although the management can be privatized, the
C. Statement of Purpose/Objectives
Center which helps the current and future epidemics and can be used as a place to
stay for a long time and can stand up to extreme situations like natural disasters and
1. PROJECT OBJECTIVE
● To provide a post disaster recovery facility for the victims of disasters around the
community
● To make patients safer by cutting down on the chance of infection, injuries from
● To get rid of environmental stressors, like noise, that hurt the health of patients
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and the work of staff.
● To reduce stress and help people heal by making shelter and isolation more
● To make a health care system that is tailored to each patient, focuses on health
and wellness, and gives each person what they need to stay healthy.
● To make it easy to get to and use, and to use the latest technologies
● To make it easy and quick for visitors to get to each patient's nursing unit in an
● To make it easy for visitors and people who want to help raise money to get to the
● To set up facilities that will help keep patients with contagious diseases away
from other patients, visitors, and staff, so that they don't spread their diseases to
them.
● To create a place where people who have been hurt can get the services and care
they need and where people with communicable diseases can stay safe.
a) ARCHITECTURAL OBJECTIVES
● To be able to create an appropriate site that meets the residents' interests and
demands.
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● Making employees more productive by reducing the distance they must walk
● Box conveyors, human or automated carts, and gravity or pneumatic chutes are
used to transfer food and clean supplies swiftly and to dispose of trash,
● To be able to select acceptable architectural materials and finishes for the planned
building's design.
● To be able to build structures that are safe from things like floods, earthquakes,
Kapuy-an is a proposed Disaster-Resistant site and Isolation facility that will help
as a guide when planning to build a shelter that can withstand natural disasters,
pandemic and war outbreak. They could come up with a better plan to bring in more
people. It will also help them make a safe place for victims and patients who will be
TO THE STAFFS. This study to figure out how to improve their services and
create a better, more efficient workflow that keeps everyone safe, including victims,
TO THE VICTIMS AND PATIENT. The results of this study will help people
have improved the trust and experience of the victims in emergency situations giving
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them a proper facility that will accommodate then in terms of emergency and also to
establish services for disaster victims and patients who need to be isolated in the
community.
The research will be limited to the design and planning of the Disaster Resilient
Shelter and an Isolation center, as well as the planning and design of the facilities
with therapeutic environments in mind. The study will also look at new architectural
designs, space planning, and how the people who use the shelter move through the
space. This research is limited by the designs and technologies that can be used to
help people live, recover, and get better. The research is only about how to design the
shelter so that it includes therapeutic environments. Its goal is to create and improve
the design of spaces with therapeutic environments. It won't get in the way of
● LIGTAS COVID Centers - Term that DOH and DILG called for the programs of
● Transitional Shelters - Specifies a suitable shelter that serves during the process
that begins with emergency intervention and ends with permanent repair, leading
to sustainable development
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● Protection Motivation Theory - One of the financial functions, calculates the
payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate.
● Theory of Planned Behavior - is a theory about how people think and act that
links beliefs to actions. The theory says that a person's plans for how to act are
shaped by three main factors: attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral
control.
G. List of Acronyms
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Chapter 2 – CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents the preferred approach in this study or an outline for
P.D. 1096 refers to the Philippine Green Building Code (National Building
Code). DPWH started the GBC on June 25, 2015, with help from the
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REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9514 (or the Revised Fire Code of the Philippines
2008)
The Fire code specifies the basic standards for preventing or minimizing
potential fire damage to a structure and its occupants, such as the safety
Disaster Resilient with Isolation Center. This law must be observed and
will serve as the foundation for ensuring that the structure and its
the elderly. Following this law, the proposed Disaster Resilient Shelter
BP 220 (Rules and Standard for Economic and Socialized Housing Projects)
average and low-income workers in urban and rural areas, the government
and socialized housing projects, mostly by the private sector. This law will
go into effect in the event that isolation facilities for pandemics become
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useless in the future. Kapuy-An will also provide assistance to local
2. Evacuation Center
Building Products Designed to Survive Natural Disasters; the list of the 15 building
Table 2
List of Building Materials and Foundations
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA) Design
disaster that has happened in the country and has overwhelmed the resources of
local and state authorities. The agency's Design Guidance for Shelters and Safe
Rooms was created to help engineers, architects, building officials, and property
owners design shelters in the workplace, home, or community building that will
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The Guidelines comprise the planned shelter's design and planning criteria. The
shelter offers an isolation facility, which allows those with contagious diseases to
stay for an extended amount of time and provides additional assurance to the
entire community.
Guidelines
occurrence of the threat. The following standards, riles, and guidelines were
developed to provide direction and guidelines to LGUs and to ensure system and
baseline standards and requirements that will influence the design of the proposed
c) Type
a standalone building (not within or attached to any other building) built to withstand
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A CBRE shelter can be as basic as a residential room or as large as a public
shelter for hundreds. A shelter may house more than 12 people and even several
hundred.
While planning the shelter one should consider plumbing connections, own
electricity, ventilation, running water, and sewage, plus enough food and water to last
two weeks. Include games and other activities to keep people busy and maintain
mental health.
3. Isolation Center
DOH and DILG published guidelines for local isolation and general treatment
areas for COVID-19 cases and community-based management of mild cases. The
Local Government Code (Art. Ill, Ch III, Title I, Book I, RA 7160 as modified)
defines how inter-local government relations shall facilitate the integration of local
health systems into Province- and City-wide health systems, under Section 19 of RA
All LIGTAS COVID Centers must provide basic room and board, symptomatic
case management, quick referral at the first sign of clinical deterioration, and
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b) Requirements of an LIGTAS COVID Centers according to Joint Administrative
Order
multipurpose hall, church, or other establishment) with utilities and basic facilities,
Infection, Prevention, and Control standards, each COVID-19 suspicion and probable
patient must have his/her own toilet and bath. If individual rooms are not available,
beds must be at least 2 meters apart, preferably with an opaque impermeable sheet
(tarpaulin, shower curtain, etc.) between them. At least twice a day, employees in
PPE must disinfect shared bathrooms and tubs. Shared toilets and tubs must be
cleaned and disinfected after each use. Ensure all restrooms and bathtubs, whether
Staff.
Table 3
List of minimum staffs under DOH Guidelines in Isolation Center
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Supplies.
Special Services. LIGTAS COVID Centers are closed to guests. Patients and
family should communicate remotely. The LIGTAS COVID Center will charge
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LGUs must offer safe, comfortable, free board and lodging for LIGTAS COVID
workers during both on-duty and off-duty days. PhilHealth reimbursements for
Financing.
Table 4
Facility Requirements inside Isolation Center following DOH Guidelines
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Table 5 Requirements for the LIGTAS COVID Center (DOH AND DILG)
Figure 7
Sample Floorplan for a LIGTAS COVID Center
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Figure 8
Isometric View of the Sample Floorplan
Standard rooms. These rooms have neutral air pressure. They have standard
HVAC systems, a handwash sink, en suite shower and toilet, and a self-closing
door. When isolation is not required, they can be used for normal patient care.
negative pressure. They have lower pressure than surrounding rooms, so air
rushes in when opened. This architecture keeps infectious airborne particles from
illnesses.
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Figure 9
Typical Airborne Infection Isolation (AII) Rooms
Positive-pressure rooms (PE rooms). When opened, air rushes out rather than in
because of the higher pressure. This design keeps infectious airborne particles from
infections.
According to Making the Most of Green Space for People's Health: Summary of
Evidence, 2020, there is a large body of evidence linking green space exposure, use,
and perceptions to mental and physical health outcomes. These include reduced
stress, weariness, anxiety, and sadness, and enhanced subjective and physical health.
• Increasing exposure to greenspace improves the quality of life for children and
adults.
• Children and adolescents who reside in greener areas likely to have better mental
health outcomes.
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• Studies have revealed correlations between urban nature experiences and pleasant
feelings
• Studies have found that a higher proportion of green space around a home is
symptoms, lower blood pressure, lower cholesterol, and a lower incidence of type
2 diabetes.
• Greater green space around the home is associated with a healthier birth weight
There are a number of ways in which greenspace can boost health and well-being,
including:
• Physical activity — Green space visits are often linked to increased walking.
• Community and social cohesion — Green spaces, especially in cities, can help
people feel connected to their communities and help minority groups assimilate
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and identify with them. Green spaces reduce isolation and loneliness by
• Relaxation and rest - Spending time in or near green places helps alleviate stress
and anxiety.
• Reduced environmental risks - Green areas can aid in lowering air pollution levels
SPACE
Many elements affect a community's health and wellness from green space. As
noted, we don't fully grasp this complex network of relationships, but these elements
may help:
• Environmental 'quality' is vital, but complex. The natural qualities of areas, such
as flora, fauna, topography, and water, can influence how they are employed and
• Facilities and amenities that make sites pleasant to visitors, such as benches and
• Perceptions are crucial - how secure does the area feel? Is it a place where folks
feel a sense of belonging? Exist other folks who they would like to meet or would
like to avoid?
• For instance, what is restorative for a parent with young children may differ from
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what is restorative for a group of teenagers or an older couple.
There may also be differences between people of different backgrounds, such as those
who grew up in nature and others who are more accustomed to man-made
environments.
a) Local
The Manila Disaster Risk Reduction Building, the country's first, is a four-story
evacuation center on a 4,000-square-meter site on Del Pan St. in Manila. The structure
can house 3000 disaster victims. It features a centralized kitchen and washing area, a
clinic, a stockroom, a paging system room with security cameras, an office for social
welfare staff, and a generator. It also has an elevator for people with impairments,
pregnant women, and older residents. According to Mayor Alfredo Lim, the location is
Isla Puting Bato, and Happyland. He also claimed that a larger evacuation location was
being built at the Baseco compound. According to Francis Tolentino, chairman of the
delegates from Asian cities attending the Asian Disaster Conference. Because they
both serve as evacuation centers, this proposal is related to the Proposed Disaster
Resilient Shelter with Isolation Center. Spaces within the facility might also be
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Figure 10
Manila Disaster Risk Reduction Building
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Figure 11
(2021) Catalyst of The Vision of Modern Philippines Magazine
Large portions of the city will be walkable, and efficient transportation systems
will reduce automobile use and pollution. Full build-out will include wide walkways,
bike lanes, and a people mover. Public utilities will use solar, LNG, and waste-to-
energy facilities. Energy-efficient buildings are being built. New Clark City's
renewable energy goal is 30% by 2030. Engineers and planners are protecting New
Clark City's natural beauty by retaining its river, avoiding tree chopping, and
constructing around it. BCDA worked with UP-TCAGP to obtain an aerial map for
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New Clark City to ensure the masterplan is compatible with the land's natural
Assessment and Hydrology Study to ensure the sustainability of water in New Clark
City. BCDA is building the 1.4-kilometer River Park Corridor as directed by the
ADB. A severe tragedy in the capital, where all government agencies function, would
cripple the nation. NGAC is the government's response to disasters and commitment
to serve the people. BCDA is developing New Clark City as the Philippines' first
resilient city. It's a master-planned community with smart buildings, green areas, and
eco-friendly transport. It's a modern Filipino metropolis where people may live and
This proposed Disaster Risk Reduction Community will improve on the current
and buildings, helping on the reduction of the possible energy consumption of the
proposed Kapuy-An Shelter, particularly during long-term stays, and assisting in the
post-disaster recovery of the target people who will use the proposed shelter and also
the community
evacuation in Orissa, India, before storm Phailin with a failed evacuation in Tacloban,
Philippines, before typhoon Haiyan (the Philip-pines). This report investigates this
dramatic difference by focusing on two factors: experience and trust. The research
claims that traumatic natural disasters enhance individual risk perception and may
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contribute to institutional learning. Trust between civilians and officials increases the
interviews and six focus groups in India and the Philippines from August to
November 2014. The findings of this article will greatly aid in the site's planning by
evaluating the reasons why the evacuation process in Tacloban failed during Typhoon
Samar in 2015. (known locally as Yolanda). The program helped the Philippines
Key to this effort was the design of an evacuation center building template that
combines worldwide best practices with local technology and materials. The initiative
financed the development of two evacuation centers that will operate as shelters from
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Figure 12
Evacuation Centre Template Design - Upper Level Floor Plan
Figure 13
Evacuation Centre Template Design - Lower Floor Plan
Local and national governments, humanitarian and development groups, and other
stakeholders should invest in safe areas for vulnerable individuals during natural
project's success. The findings on this proposal will help the planning of the proposed
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Kapuy-An Shelter on its layout and also choosing the materials needed for a Disaster
languages include English, Tagalog, and 80 others. Filipino is widely spoken and
taught in public schools. Women are mayors and administrators, and religion-based
is the Philippines' most active volcano. The Philippines have a hot, humid, wet
tropical climate. Provinces facing the Philippine Sea experience year-round rain.
Legazpi City's dry season rainfall is 204mm/month while its wet season rainfall is
capita comes from 15% basic industry, 30% secondary, and 55% tertiary. Agriculture,
Table 5
Final Proposal sites and their priorities
JICA conducted the Preparatory Survey (Field Survey I) from August 1 to 28,
2010 and the Draft Report Explanation Survey (Field Survey II) from February 18 to
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27, 2011. All 6 sites have met the evaluation criteria, including Sto. Domingo C/S and
Gogon C/S.
Table 6
Evaluation results of the proposed sites
As evacuation shelters, Project schools have also been assessed. Sto. Domingo
C/S and Gogon C/S will have strong, raised-ground floors. APSEMO will determine
● For very explosive eruptions, the building won't be used as an evacuation shelter,
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This proposal will aid in the planning of the future site by analyzing the results of the
preparatory survey they conducted, allowing the researcher to understand the required
spaces on the evacuation site, particularly near an active volcano, as well as the
limitations of the evacuation area by analyzing the results which can be reduced on the
Kapuy-An Shelter.
b) International
catastrophe shelters. These shelters would house and defend evacuees during the early
phases of a natural disaster and provide medical services, warm meals, and
connection with the outside world. This thesis explores and critiques current
procedures with assigning areas as disaster shelters by identifying their faults and
then presents answers through the final product's design. This thesis defines a
potential solution through design studies in lower Manhattan. This project can help
plans. Katrina and New York both sheltered large crowds. Smaller shelters serving
fewer people will involve communities. It will also make filtering populations to safe
Relaxation and service areas are required. People can grieve on the roof and in the
Common Room. So, the Shelter's mental health improves. Locker Room showers and
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Makerspace gadgets can make users feel safe. Future centers must consider these
factors. Physically, but not emotionally, a disaster shelter protects its residents. These
characteristics show developers care about evacuees' mental and emotional well. The
study of this proposal will considerably assist in the improvement of the planning of a
permanent evacuation center and will also assist the researcher in determining the
spaces due to the evaluation of the community's conduct after the disaster occurred
Another case study from Meulaboh City, Indonesia regarding tsunami evacuation
Sumatra, Indonesia, is the most important research subject in tsunami study and
land, large building and people densities, and limited roads, bridges, and other
horizontal evacuation routes. Multi-story ESBs are utilized for vertical evacuation.
Structure, evacuation floor, function, design and capacity, accessibility, and security
based evacuation and define the ideal spatial distribution of escape buildings in the
ESB. The December 26 tsunami's travel time and the area's early warning system
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define time parameters. Demographic statistics, geographical reconstruction criteria,
architectural design space needs, and field observation are used in occupant
estimations. Quickbird and Ikonos are used for spatial analysis. Flowmap's location-
allocation modeling. Locations, capabilities, and coverage areas are modeled. Time
and road load for evacuees. Accessibility analysis, a location-allocation model, and
dispersal. This method can be used to assign tsunami-prone public facilities with
recent years. Local governments must undertake risk reduction and disaster operation
shelters provides life support and aids in disaster recovery. Planning for emergency
shelters must find acceptable places and allocate evacuees. In this research, we
shelter demand.
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Figure 14
Calculation process for determining the time-varying shelter demand
demand in a given urban area with a goal of minimizing total setup cost and an
allocation model that allocates evacuees to shelters with a goal of minimizing total
2. Green Spaces
a) Local
Metro Manila's urban growth and sprawl leave few green spaces. Life's value
declines in the nation's commercial and entertainment hub. Metro Manila is one of the
world's 10 most stressful cities because of how individuals respond to daily life.
(2021)
Urban green space and well-being are worldwide topics. Philippines has little
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explored the health benefits of urban green spaces. A RBD-based project. This
Manila is developing, however many sites might be turned into green spaces.
Research shows that desirable city districts have idle lands. Cities have many idle
lands. Creating urban green spaces will improve local quality of life.
Living in cities with more greenspace reduces mental discomfort, anxiety, depression,
and improves well-being and cortisol profiles. Armin Sarthou, former VP for
Development and College of Architecture dean, says UP is great for mental health.
argues large land grants made UP campuses greenspaces. UP Diliman, Los Baños,
Visayas, and Mindanao are notable. "Open areas create a sensation of expressiveness,
independence, etc.," explains Sarthou.This study will aid in the analysis of what are
changes to their lifestyle, and how to decrease them using architectural planning.
b) International
Green spaces improve mental health. When public green spaces are inaccessible
or unsuitable, evidence on house green features is lacking. This study examines the
links between greenness in the home and surrounding surroundings and isolation
during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Italy. An Italian online survey of 3886
respondents examined the association between indoor and outdoor green features
(plant pots, sunlight, green view, and access to private green space and natural
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moodiness, boredom, irritability, recurrent thoughts and/or dreams, poor
concentration, and sleet. Green features and psychological health outcomes were
anxiety, anger, fear, impatience, and sleep disturbances. Sunlight reduces aggression,
disturbance. Greater green view and access to private green spaces were linked to
lower psychological health, except for green view and recurrent thoughts and/or
dreams. Natural outside environments reduce anxiety, fear, boredom, impatience, and
Planned green spaces are one of the sustainability markers for ensuring
community well-being, according to 2020's Prashanti Rao. Green space has well-
documented health benefits. Urbanization and housing demand are creating suburbia.
Depleted green space per capita. This chapter covers residential community
challenges and how passive and active green spaces improve quality of life and well-
being. Case studies highlight green space's benefits. This study shows that residents
of all ages deserve a high quality of life in residential communities. People with
access to green space may value safety, health, and social cohesion. Green spaces in
Due to their psychological and aesthetic benefits, plants are increasingly used
preferences. The current study analyzed the preferences of 363 residents of two
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residential complexes with 38% and 6% green space in Tabriz, Iran, using a
Figure 15
Plant type preferences within residential complexes (RC).
Figure 16
Leaf size preferences within residential complexes (RC)
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Figure 17
Plant colour preferences within residential complexes (RC).
Results reveal preferences vary by room. High greenery quantity and flowering
plants are favored, but tall, wide-leafed plants are not. Green spaces in residential
complexes' residents prefer different plant colors, leaf sizes, and plant types. Interior
designers and landscape architects might use the research results to expand green
By examining the results of all papers, the relevance of proposing outdoor and
indoor green spaces would considerably improve the people's mental health during a
traumatic situation and will assist them better their recovery on both physical and
3. Isolation Center
a) Local
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In March-April 2020, 1,879 online surveys were collected. Sociodemographic,
measures, information needs, DASS-21, and IES-R evaluations were collected. Mean
IES-R score was 19.57 (SD=13.12), and DASS-21 score was 25.94 (SD=20.59).
Female gender, youth age, single status, students, specific symptoms, recent
unneeded worry, family concerns, and prejudice were associated with higher stress,
anxiety, and depression (p0.05). Adequate health information, having grown children,
a feeling of high health status, and confidence in doctors' ability lessened the
psychological impact of the pandemic and stress, anxiety, and sadness (p0.05).
factors, psychological support systems can be developed. This research will assist the
researcher in evaluating the general impacts of isolation on people's mental health and
will improve the layout of the rooms within the proposed Isolation Center. In this
study, the conceivable planning solution is linked to the relevant studies of green
spaces.
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Philippines' Inter-Agency Task Force on
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from keeping just vital enterprises open to allowing all establishments to operate at a
specific capacity. Other ways include keeping certain age groups indoors. Local
and mortality while minimizing economic costs. Several LGUs have reacted well to
Google Community Mobility Reports provided the data. Normalize with Z-transform.
Infection and mortality statistics (dataset Y) were compared to economic, health, and
demographic data (dataset X) for each locality. If a data pair (x,y) surpasses the mean
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Figure 18
COVID-19 community quarantines in Regions III, IVA and VII
Central Luzon (Region III), CALABARZON (Region IV-A), the National Capital
Region (NCR), and Central Visayas (Region VII) are 'excellent' outliers in terms of
frontliners, and gross regional domestic product. Davao was a 'good' demographic
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Strict border control, early lockdowns, quarantine facilities, efficient public
Harmonizing these rules would help countries prepare for health emergencies. This
article helps the researcher to understand the countermeasures that has already been
done by the Philippine Local Governments regarding COVID and evaluate the rate of
b) International
Facility options for Coronavirus Pandemic in the spring of 2021. The technique
office floor design, it might be converted into an infectious disease clinic in event of
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Figure 19
Different Building Parts and Zones
Figure 20
First Level - Standard Isolation Room
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Figure 21
Second level - Positive pressure isolation rooms.
Figure 22
Third level - Negative pressure isolation rooms.
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Figure 23
Fourth level - Quarantine rooms.
The study compares foreign and Swedish perspectives on temporary medical
facilities. Our infectious illness care unit plan aims to meet evolving societal needs.
Rooms and layouts should be adjusted when needed. The conversion of an office
building to a clinic should not affect medical equipment design. Design includes
ventilators for individuals with serious respiratory disorders. These issues will justify
this project's need. (2018). This project is linked to the projected Kapuy-An Shelter
since both serve as isolation centers. Spaces within the facility might also be factored
Although isolation rooms are necessary, constructing one that fulfills client
expectations is hard. This has three causes. First, the client's business case and
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isolation room design are unclear. Isolation room design focuses on hospital real-
estate department expectations, not room users' needs. The second issue is outdated
designs vary. Complexity of these three issues can make clients feel ignored.
Mismatched isolation room design could also disappoint clients and users. behage et
al.
For this, researchers must investigate isolation room design. Because this design
system isn't well understood, its processes, functions, and dependencies must be
mapped out. Step one in creating a collaborative design decision-making tool. Then, a
design system must be turned into feasible designs. How to use discoveries in a
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Table 7
Consulted experts for identify needs and constraints
Figure 24
Groups that have an interest in isolation room design with their main needs results
Research discovered isolation room procedures, functions, and dependencies to
functions. Separate reviews are done on alternatives and criterion dependencies. This
presents options and criteria. Six boundary conditions and six requirements are
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created to improve design cooperation with this information. Software structure is
research is needed. Using the given criteria and requirements, more study is needed to
step toward enhancing digital engineering and healthcare. With hospital and designer
cooperation, Corona virus outbreaks can be avoided. This research evaluates the
design system inside an isolation room and will help the researcher to analyze the
patient behavior in an isolation room. By assessing the results of the offered study, it
CINAHL, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries. Non-randomized and modeling
included. Two experts reviewed the publications and assessed bias using ROBINS-I
and GRADE. Narrative and tabular results were provided. Nine observational and
thirteen modeling studies were selected. The trials consistently found benefits from
prevented 44 to 81% of incidents and 31 to 63% of deaths. Quarantine can reduce the
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reproductive number and incidence, decreasing the epidemic phase. Early quarantine,
screenings, contact tracking, and case isolation can minimize the pandemic.
Screening and isolation with limited coverage can miss 75% of asymptomatic cases,
bigger community. This study will assist the researcher in learning how individuals
distinguish and track positive patients from other negative patients, and understanding
the behavior around it may aid in the planning of both evacuation and isolation sites.
2021's Clara Hu Me project gives a critical hypothesis on how the pandemic may
affect our interaction with public places based on a formal and theoretical analysis of
typically a rehearsal for utopian government, the field hospital may be the right
environment. The field hospital setting is highly regulated, supervised, and open, yet
surprisingly near. Loss of privacy and social isolation force residents to practice
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Figure 25
(2021) Rethinking the “Room” through the Pandemic: Isolation, Openness, and
Confrontation
The initiative seeks to critically interact with the putative conventions of a
destabilizes the spatial and optical connectivity of the enfilade, creating a spectrum of
ground floor plan conditions. The rooms are either visually connected but
convertible cores offer public-private interaction. They are neither visibly or spatially
related, but are linked through a comparable tactile operation, creating a disturbing
impression of intimacy despite their isolation. This project will assist researchers in
rooms.
(Dincer & Gocer, 2021) COVID-19 has spatial implications for social isolation to
prevent virus dissemination. Arriving travelers must stay in quarantine for 14 days.
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Due to a lack of government infrastructure, hotels have become quarantine centers.
Dincer and Grocer 2021 studied quarantine hotels. This research focuses on
quarantine hotels in Australia, one of the first countries to apply a border limitation,
to examine user spatial demands and effects. This study addresses to an information
gap about the quarantine hotel system by focusing on hotel users' well-being during
about quarantine motels. An operable window (4.7), ventilation (4.5), and natural
illumination were the three highest-scoring well-being sources (4.3). Guests required
a balcony or operable window for outside access. Participants are unwilling to return
to the hotel where they were quarantined, raising questions about hotels' future.
Frontal, Frontal approaches follow axial paths to building entrances. The method
entryway.
Oblique, Improve the building's facade and form's perspective. The path can be
Spiral, A spiral path extends the approach and encircles the building's perimeter.
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2. Arrangement of Spaces
Facility space use depends on design organization. Radial, Grid, Axial, Spiral, and
Radial elements radiate from a figural center. The solar system is the simplest
radial design.
Grid, Grids are one of the most basic types of visual and spatial organization,
defining an orderly collection of points and lines. Most Midwestern cities use
grids.
cathedrals are axially organized with primary aisles joining the narthex to the
altar.
Spin, A space spiral rotates outward. The shape's size grows as it rotates away
1. Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework for the proposed Disaster Resilient Shelter with
rules, DOH health standards, and other themes connected to the establishment of an
Evacuation Shelter with Isolation Center facility. The input data will be provided for
the process of site selection, space programming, site development, utilities and
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building form analysis, and material identification to produce the "Kapuy-An" a
suggested Natural Disaster Risk Shelter and Isolation Center research output.
Figure 26
Conceptual Framework of the proposed project
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Chapter 3 – METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
and evaluating instructional programs, processes, and products that must meet the
criteria of internal consistency and effectiveness" (Seels & Richey, 1994), which
means that an output will be created after this research is completed. That is, the
carefully analyzing programs, processes, and products that must fulfill certain quality
or standards.
The study's goal was to create a Permanent Disaster Resistant Shelter with an
Isolation Center in Talisay, Batangas. This research was carried out through
fieldwork and the review of relevant literature. Site inspection and land survey of the
prospected location are part of the field operations. The researchers evaluated the
specified site and its surrounding surroundings, which were included in the design, to
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1. Quantitative or Qualitative Inquiry Approaches
This study will be conducted using qualitative research methodologies. The researcher
will attempt to obtain the aforementioned problem's solutions, justify and achieve the
study's aims. Similarly, it should seek to understand the various impacts on their lifestyle.
Quantitative research is a methodical procedure for gathering and interpreting data from
problem and assess its prevalence by searching for results that may be extrapolated to a
larger population.
The target site for the proposed Disaster Resilient Shelter with Isolation Center,
which is located in Talisay, Batangas, will serve as the research environment. While
the study will concentrate on the project's design and site analysis. The target site,
shared information by the Local Government Unit, and database provided by several
National Agencies are to be used in conjunction with participants who are COVID
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C. Methods and Procedures of Data Collection
a) Site Criteria
Table 8
Site Criteria Description
FACTOR DESCRIPTION
UTILITY SYSTEMS water drainage system, and a communication system are all displayed
nearby.
PROXIMITY TO The proximity of residential areas to the site; it is preferred that the site
SITE SIZE The location should be large enough to accommodate the project's
size. The site should be able to provide open space aside from the
CLASSIFICATIONS
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AND SECURITY
SAFETY AND Inside the location, the safety of the evacuees and the assistance
SECURITY personnel must be ensured. The site must be elevated above the
o The Internet
person to better and more effectively manage their resources (Bastis Consultores,
2021). The NDRRMC, DSWD, FEMA, and other disaster risk management and
mitigation agencies' websites were visited to learn more about the designs, design
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To thoroughly obtain the necessary information for the study, public and
Government Agencies
Development, the Natural Risk Reduction and Management Agency, and the
National Risk Reduction and Management Agency were visited to obtain statistics
and information from relevant agency journals, books, and other resources. Some
Office.
c) Site Survey
The researchers made site visits to examine existing structures, plants, and
variables that could affect the design. Through ocular assessment, the researchers
gathered vital information about the site's existing features. A land survey will be
requested of the designated LGU in order to obtain the areas and bounds of the
planned Disaster Resilient Shelter, and the researcher will undertake an onsite
tour. The researchers were there, along with an onsite worker or representative, to
Lay out of The Proposed Natural Resilient Shelter. The data gathered from
existing literatures was evaluated to determine the best site for evacuations. The true
dimensions of the Kapuy-An were determined using data from the site survey.
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Furthermore, the FEMA, NDCC and PBC rules and guidelines served as a reference
for the dimensions and measures for planning the needs and safety of the entire site,
and the researcher will visit the given site for basis in venue placement and inspection
of the surrounding area. Following the determination of the suggested location's area,
the researchers assessed what facilities may be included, the capacity of the site, and
Lay out of The Proposed Natural Resilient Shelter. The data gathered from
existing literatures was evaluated to determine the best site for evacuations. The true
dimensions of the Kapuy-An were determined using data from the site survey.
Furthermore, the DOH, , PBC, and DILG rules and guidelines served as a reference
for the dimensions and measures for planning the needs and safety of the entire site,
and the researcher will visit the given site for basis in venue placement and inspection
of the surrounding area. Following the determination of the suggested location's area,
the researchers assessed what facilities may be included, the capacity of the site, and
Site Development Plan. The primary basis for laying out the design is the site
assessment and survey, where existing structures are recognized and their areas are
measured. The projected Kapuy-An area design is incorporated into the site
development plan.
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Chapter 4 – PRESENTATION OF DATA
A. Existing Conditions
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Chapter 5 – ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND PROGRAMMING
A. The Site
1. Analysis
e) Site Amenities
2. Transformation of Form
5. Interior Articulation
6. Material Expressions
E. Spatial Analysis
1. Derivation
b) Issue Rejoinder-Analysis
2. Quantification
3. Sizing
4. Articulation
1. Electrical
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2. Plumbing and Sanitary
3. Electronics
4. Electrical
5. Other Systems
1. Interrelationship Diagram
2. Behavioral Diagram
3. Circulatory Diagram
I. Sustainability Analysis
J. Summary of Results
1. Design Philosophy
RECOMMENDATIONS
B. The Landscaping
C. The Plan
BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES
APPENDICES
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(This includes relevant information on the research [i.e. permission to conduct
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