Croatian lesson #1 11.26.

22

Ja sam // mi smo (plural)

Ti bi // vi ste (plural)

On je // oni su
Ona je // one su
Ono je // ona su

Can be masc, fem, neutral

Ja sam dobro
Dobro sam

Ja se zovem Magdalena
Zovem se Magdalena

Ti si visoka
Visoka si

Moje ime je Magdalena

Uživajte = (you) enjoy!

Samo toliko – only that much?

Premalo – too little

Onoliko Koliko ima zvijezda na nebu

Ako ti tako kažeš = if you say so

Još ne = not yet

Slažem se – I agree

To bi bilo odlično – that would be excellent

Roštilj = barbecue

najdraža hrana – favorite food

Lesson #2 11.28.22

Student-male
Studentica-female
Studenti-plural (male or male+female)
Studentice-plural but just female

Hrvat-male
Hrvatica-female
Hrvati-plural

Hvala Vama – thank you, formal. Capitalize the Vi or Vam in writing bc formal.

Hvala vam – also correct

Stolica – female gender

How to differentiate gender

Male:
ending in consonant
natural nouns (tata (dad),mladoženja (groom), knjigovoda (bookkeeper))
Male names – regardless of ending, masculine (franjo, tomo, vjeko)

Female:
Ending in A
(žena (wife), mama, drama)
Exceptions that are consonant
- Kćer – daughter (naturally feminine)

Neutral:
Ending in -o, -e
(vino (wine), pivo, dijete (child), polje (field))
Macak (male), macka (female), mače (neutral) – cat

Dan – masculine – day

Adresa – feminine – address
- Moja adresa je (my address is)
Tramvaj – masculine – tram
Krokodil – masculine – croc
Hotel – masculine – hotel
Čaj – masculine – tea
Nikola – male
Kava – feminine coffee
Komoda – TV stand -femine
Kapa – feminine – hat (beanie, baseball cap)
Luster – masculine – chandelier
Kauč – sofa – male
Opera – feminine
Soja – feminine – soy
Kino – neutral – cinema
Univerzum – masculine – universe
Svemir – masculine – space
Papir – masc

Koliko godina ima tvoje dijete

Koliko godina imaš – how old are you

Imam – I
Imaš – you
Ima – third person

Ja imam dvadeset pet – I have 25 years

Mlijeko – mliko
Dijete – dite

Jezik – masc – language / tongue

Materni jezik (mother tongue)
Hrvatski jezik
Govorim engleski jezik
Moj materni jezik je englseki
Plural: jezici
Moji jezici

Moje kuče – plural

Moja vina – plural wine

Moje Dite
Moje vino

Dama – feminine – lady

Šinjorina

Banka – bank -feminine

Salata – salad – feminine
Šah – chess – male

Igrati šah – to play chess (infinitive)

Film – film – masc

Jakna – jacket – feminine

Avion – airplane – msac
Andela – feminine
Ljekarna / Apoteka – pharmacy – feminine
Republika – feminine
Komedija – femine – comedy
Literatura – fem
Lampa – lamp – fem
Fotelja – armchair – fem
Naranča – fem
Sok od naranče – genitive case
Sok od jabuke – genitive case (a -> e)
Sok od jagude
Sok od banana
Sok od višnje –
Ananas – pineapple
Sok od ananasa
Sok od šipka –

Od – from / of

Televizor – masc – TV
Smog – masc – smog

Je li ukusno

Croatian Lesson #3 11.29.22

Accusative case – object (who, what)

Knjiga-book

Rule: (a->u) in accusative, or if u recognize it is an object in sentence

- Not looking at gender but all nouns ending in A

Ana čita knjigu

Juha – soup
Pjesma – song
Sestra – sister
Večera – late dinner

Jedem – I’m eating

Jedem jabuku – I’m eating an apple

Jedem juhu
Jedem večeru

Pijem – I drink

vidjeti - To see
gledati - To watch

Gledam televiziju

voljeti, voliti - To love

Čekati – to wait (čekam)

Imati – to have, possess (imam)
Slušati – listen (slušam)
Tražiti – search, look for (tražim)
Trebati – need (trebam)

Ana gleda televiziju – ana is watching TV

Trebam kavu – I need coffee
Ona treba kavu – she needs coffee

Slušam pjesmu – i’m listening to a song

Goran traži knjigu – goran is looking for a book

Possessive - Volim moga tatu, volim moju sestru, moju mamu

Jakšu, luka, nikola, saša

Vidim luku – I see luka

Vidim nikolu teslu

Čekam magdalenu – I am waiting for
If name ends in -a, even male, change to -u

For accusative case, if it’s Consonant, -o, -e – don’t change to -u unless it’s people or animal, where
you change to -a
Vidim Bruna. Vidim marka.

Female croatian names that don’t end in A – don’t change in any case ever (Ines, Nives)

Vidim megi
Vidim Nives

Ona čita knjigu

Ana ima sestru
Poruka- message
Čitam poruku – I’m reading a message
Čekam večeru
Pijem vodu – I’m drinking water

Accusative case for nouns that end in -o,-e -> don’t change the noun

Jedem voće
Voće – singular and plural is same

Vozim auto – I drive the car

Brod – ship
Film-movie
Kruh-bread (kruv in dalmatia)
Ručak- lunch, dinner
Vlak-train

Jedem ručaak

Gledati
Kuhati
Piti – to drink
Pisati - writing

Usually: Tražim mobitel

But Exceptions:
Applies to nouns that end in consonant but stand for people or animals change in accusative – add -a
Brat – brother
Čovjek – man/human
Galeb – seagull
Konj – horse
Muž – husband
Sin – son

Vidim galeba
Vidim konja
Vidim moža
Zovem

Zvati – to call

Čekamo ivana horvata

Čekamo kruna (from kruno -> kruna)

Ne poznajem Daria

Opet/ponovo – again (use freely, can use before verb or after subject usually)

Pismo – letter

Igor ne pije pivo

Idemo u hrvatsku

Mn-množina

Do the hw as singular!

Turisti Idu u Zadar – tourists are going to Zadar

Turist/turisti – tourist/tourists
Igralište – playground or can even be basketball court
Vrt – garden
Tvornica – factory
Terasa – balcony
Učenik / Učenici – student/students (school kids)
Student/studenti – bigger students
Mi idemo na kornate (bc kornati is plural)
Večeras idem na koncert
Zoran I Petra idu u hotel
Ti ideš na parkiralište (parking lot)
Studenti idu na izlet (excursion)
Vi idete u knjižnicu
Idemo li na plažu? – QUESTION: WHY ADD LI
- Li is more for question.
Prijatelji idu u kafić (café) i restoran
Ona ide u Beč, Prag I Budimpeštu
Mladići idu u trgovinu (market)
Baka i djed (grandfather) idu na selo
Vidim malu crvenu kuču

For most locations we use “u” (in/to) – some we use na (on)

- Idemo na plažu
- Idemo na selo
- Idemo na trg
- Idemo na predstavu (show)
 - Idemo na more
- Idemo na kupanje (swim)
- Idemo U UK (not bigger island)
- Idemo u australiu, idemo na novi zeland
- Idemo na madagaskar, na tajland
- Idemo na biokovo, na brdo, planinu
- Towns use “u”
- Idemo na posao (work)
- Idemo na pravni fakultet, idemo u školu

“da, ja sam” – is wrong. Feels like something is cut off. “sam” is auxiliary verb, need object or another
verb. Have to say “da, jesam”
To form interrogative:
caveat: “da li”~ is more Serbian, but Croatians use it to, but more Croatians use A table

HW: REVIEW THIS TABLE ABOVE

Tko – who (dalmatian: ko)
Što – what
Gdje – where (dalmatia + more people: di) – written in gdje
Zašto – why
Odakle – from where
- Odakle on – where is he from
Kako – how

***LI IS ONLY FOR Q’S****

On je hrvat – je li hrvat?
Mi smo hrvati – jesmo li hrvati?
Ona je profesorica – je li profesorica?
Oni su profesore – jesu li profesore?
Vi ste student – jeste li studenti?
Vi ste hrvat – jeste li hrvat?

HW: PRACTICE READING AND VOCAB

Lesson December 5, 2022

zivio hajduk
zivim u splitu
gdje živiš
gdje živite
živimo u split

tamo – there
ovdje (ovde) – here
željeti – to want
popila sam vodu – I drank the whole water
popiti – “drank” in past tense but the phrase can be sto zelite popiti
žedan sam / žedna sam – I’m thirsty
Mi smo/Vi ste/Oni su zedni –
Je si li žedna / žedan? – are you thirsty
gladan sam / gladna sam – I’m hungry
je si gladna / gladan? – possible to not use li in question form for these often
je si žedna
je si pospana – are you sleepy
Je li ti se spava – also are you sleepy but use li here
Jesi umorna – are you tired
ja sam plivao / ja sam plivala – I swam

ja bih – I would like (very very formal) (and often used as ja bi)

može meni kava – Can I have coffee for me

ja cu kavu – I will coffee

Ja cu zivjeti u Londonu – I will live in London. Always use infinitive for future tense!

Jesi (li) žedna

Veoma – formal version of very

Jako – very (doesn’t change)

Dobro-m/dobra-f
Jelo je dobro – the meal is good
Ukusno – delicious
Juha je ukusna – soup is delicious
Torta (big cake), kolac (one piece) je ukusna –
Uredu – ok, all right (starting sentences)

Da li volite zivjeti u Londonu -> could also be volite li zivjeti li u londonu

Željeti – to want
Voljeti – to love
Svida ti se – to like
Svida mi se skijanje – I like skiing

Raditi – to work
Radim kao uciteljica – I work as a teacher (can also say ja sam ucitlejica)

Što radis – what are you doing

Radim u školi – I work at school

Idem u školu – I go to school
 Differentiate where it’s to or in by the ending of škola

Učitelj – teacher male

Učitelji – teachers pl.
Knivogoda
Doktor / doktorica / doktori
Zubar / zubarica / zubari – dentist
Kuhar / kuharica / kuhari – cook
Kuvati, kruv (dalmatian)
Haljina – dress (clothing)
Konobar / konobarica / konobari – server

Kao – as (ko in dalmatian)

on je bijel (bil) kao papir – he’s pale as paper
Bijela si ko papir

Stoji ti ko pivcu sorč – it fits you like shorts fit a rooster

U predgradu – in a suburb (Predgrade – suburb (nominative))

Na posao – to work / to my job
Idem na posao – I’m going to work

Kamo vi idete – where do you go? (where are you going)

Kamo ideš – formal version of di ideš
Di čes – where are you going (also informal phrase)

Danas – today
Jučer – yesterday

Ajmo vatreni – for Croatian representation

Vatra – fire

Lesson December 9, 2022

Kuhati
On kuha svaki dan – he cooks every day
On kuha večeru sada – he is cooking dinner right now

hodati
ja hodam s magdalenom (instrumental case, only used with s or sa)
with is either s or sa

mi radimo danas

jesti – to eat
dijeca – kids

vježbati – to work out / exercise

INF. AND FIRST PERSON

govoriti – to speak
- Govorim
 - Vi govorite
- Ona govori
- Ti govoriš

Željeti – to want (model verb)

- Želim
- Ti želis
- Ona želi
- Ono – želi
- Mi želimo

Razumjeti – to understand
- Razumijem
- Razumim (dalmatian)
- Oni / one razumiju
- Ja razumijem (razumim)
- Vi razumijete (razumite)

Vježbati – to exercise, practice

- Vježbam, vježbas, vježba, vježbamo, vježbate, vježbaju
- Vježbam matematiku (matematika is the noun)

Piti – to drink
- Pijem
- pijete

Vježbati – vježbam

Učiti – to learn
- Učim hrvatski
- Vi učite
- Oni uče

Dopunite – fill in the blanks

Želis li naručiti? – do you want to order

- First verb is conjugated, then second verb is infinitive

Španjolski – Spanish
Njemački – german
Ruski – Russian
Korejski – Korean
In interrogative – can put in pronoun (if so, after verb), or leave it out

Vozim auto
Voziš li auto?

Piješ li kavu?

Ići – to go
- Ja idem
- Ti ideš / ideš li?
HW:

1. Mi čitamo knjigu
a. Mi čitamo što? Knjigu.
b. Što citamo? Knjigu
2. Josip čeka tramvaj
3. Ti gledaš filmove (gledati – to watch)
4. Anamarija svira gitaru (svirati – to play)
5. Vi imate dobar plan
6. Ja ručam špgete (ručati – to lunch)
7. Oni večeraju pizzu
8. Dijete crta mamu (crtati – to draw)
9. Djeca (children) igraju nogomet (igrati nogomet – to play football) (dica in dalmatian)
10. Tata kuha juhu
11. Mi pjevamo uspavanku (pjevati uspavanku – to sing a lullaby)
12. Vi razgovarate (razgovarati – to chat)
13. Oni telefoniraju cijeli dan (they are on the phone all day)
14. One planiraju proslavu (they are planning a celebration)
Švedska ima alfreda nobela
Amerika ima abrahama lincolna
Rusija ima katarinu veliku
Grčka ima aristotela
- Koga ima grčka
Njemačka (Germany) ima Thomasa manna
Švicarska (Switzerland) ima Wilhelma tella
Velika britanija ima kraljicu elizabetu

Koga ili što vidiš – accusative

Lesson December 12, 2022

When you have subject – nominative

Koga li sto – genitive

Djeca – neutral

Je li ivan student? Ivan je student?

Je li ana studentica?
Jeste li (vi) studenti?
Jesu li (one / ivan I ana) studenti?

Postvaite pitanje:

To je ploča – što je to?

To je ivan – tko je to?
To je – that / he / she is

To je olovka (pencil) – što je to

To je kemijska (pen) –
To je ana – tko je to?
To je knjiga – šta je to
To je student – ko je to?
To je stol (table) – što je to
To je kasetofon (cassette) – što je to
To je ivan – ko je to?
To je papir – što je to

Profesor (m) / profesorica (f) / profesori (pl m and f) / profesore (pl and f)
Ovo – this
Tko je to or tko je ovo (who is this)
Ovo je moj dečko – this is my boyfriend
Gospodin (g.) – mister (m.)
Gospodine – when you’re calling someone (e.g. mister, u dropped your phone)
Gospodice (gdica.) – miss
Gospoda (gda.)– mrs.
što zelite popiti, gospodice? – what would u drink, miss?
Budala (singular), budale (plural)
Jeste li vi engleskinja – are you an English woman?
Englez/Engleskinja – English (man)
A vi ste hrvatica? And you’re a Croatian woman?
I / a – and ? – ASK NEXT SESSION WHEN TO USE I OR A
Rrazumijete li? Do you understand?
Dosta – a lot, adverb so doesn’t change in cases. Also used as “enough”
Ali – but
Slabo – not much (literally say weakly, as in on je slab)

Question:
What is the infinitive? Is it htjeti? But shorten hocu to cu?

FUTURE TENSE: Will – ću ćeš će ćemo ćete će

Ja cu pjevati or pjevat cu
Ja cu zivjeti u Londonu / Zivjet cu u londonu
Ja cu ići u londonu / ići cu u London

FUTURE TENSE
Marina će kupiti (buy) kruh / kupit će kruh
- Negative: marina neće kupiti kruv
Roditelji (parents) će putovati (to travel) na Rab / putovat će na Rab
- Roditelji neć putovati / Neće ići na rab – for this one, have to put negative before verb even verb
- For negative: Neće kupiti kruh (no switching, no taking out “I”)
Oni će tražiti posao – to look for a job / tražit će posao
Studenti če sjediti u kafiču / sjedit će u kafiču sjediti – to sit, (siditi in dalmation)
Vi ćete ići na utakmicu (game, match) / Ići ćete na utakmicu
Ja ću jesti ribu i blitvu (riba i blitva) / jest ću ribu I blitvu
Ti ćes doći u 9. Doći ćes u 9? Doći ću u 9.

Hoću li (ja) doći?

Hoćes li (ti) doći? (Hoćes doći also common)
Hoće li (on/ona/ono) doći?
Hoćemo li (mi) doći?
Hoćete li (vi) doći?
Hoće li (oni one ona) doći?

Ti hoćes doći – more emphasizes do you want to come

Kino – movies
Idem u kino / idem na film (go to the movies)
Pretstava – the play (idemo na predstavu)
Na balkonu (on the balcony) (balkon)
Na pozornici (on a stage)
Na zidu (on the wall (zid))
na podu (on the floor (pod))

on će kupiti vodu I sok / kupit će vodu i sok / neće kupiti vodu I sok
mi ćemo gledati utakmicu / gledat ćemo utakmicu / (mi) nećemo gledati utakmicu (don’t have to use
pronoun for negative)
ja ću skijati (to ski) na Medvednici / skijat ću na Medvednici / neću skijati na medvednici / hoćes skijati
na medvednici
ona – leći (to lay down) – kasno (late) -> ona će leći kasno / leći će kasno / neće leći kasno / hoće (li) leći
kasno?
One će biti sretne (happy) / bit će sretne / neće biti sretne / hoće (li) biti sretne?
- Sretan (male) -> sretna (female)
Ti – biti – zadovoljan (satisfied) -> ti ćeš biti zadovoljan / bit ćeš zadovoljan / nećes biti zadolvoljan /
hoćes li biti zadolvoljan
- Zadovoljan (male) -> zadovoljna (female)
Oni – ići – u – riijeka -> oni će ici u rijeku / ići će u rijeku / neće ići u rijeku / hoće li ići u rijeku?
Vi – jesti – rak -> vi ćete jesti rakove / jest ćete rakove / nećete jesti rakove / hoćete li jesti rakove?
- Rak (crab), rakovi (pl), Rakove (pl in object case)
Oni – stanovati (dwell, lives) – u – pula -> oni će stanovati u puli / stanovat će u puli / neće stanovati u
puli / hoće li stanovati u puli?
Ja – slaviti (celebrate) – rodendan -> ja ću slaviti rodendan / slavit ću rodendan / neću slaviti rodendan /
hoću li slaviti rodendan?
Mi – piti – sok -> mi ćemo piti sok / pit ćemo sok / nećemo piti sok / hoćemo li piti sok?
Vi – nositi (to wear) – odijelo (suit) -> vi ćete nositi odijelo / nosit ćete odijelo / nećete nositi odijelo /
hoćete nositi odijelo?
Ona – vidjeti – Tomislav -> ona će vidjeti tomislava / vidjet će tomislava / neće vidjeti tomislava / hoće li
vidjeti tomislava?
Mi – izići (go out) – u – subota -> mi ćemo izići u subotu / izići ćemo u subotu / nećemo izići u subotu /
hoćemo li izići subotu?
- U Srijedu (on Wednesday)
One – platiti (to pay) – večera -> one će platiti večeru / platit će večeru / neće platiti večeru / hoće li platiti
večeru?
Ti – peći (to bake) – krafna -> ti češ peći krafne / peći češ krafne / nećeš peći krafne / hoćeš li peći
krafne?

CHANGING MASC TO FEMALE ADJ:

If it ends in consonant, drop the a before the (n) and add (a) at the end
- Zgodan -> zgodna
- Dosadan -> dosadna (boring)

Comparison
- Add -iji
- Jeftin (cheap), jeftiji (cheaper), najeftiji (most cheap)
- Najskupli
- Sretan -> sretniji (happier) -> najsretniji (happiest)
- Sretna -> Sretnija -> najsretnija (happiest)
- Dobar (good) -> bolji (better) -> najbolji (best)
- Dobra (female) -> bolja -> najbolja
- Loš (bad) -> gori (worse) -> najgori (worst)
- Zadvoljan -> zadovoljni -> najzadovolniji
- zadovoljna -> zadovolnija -> najzadolvnija

FINISH FOR HOMEWORK

Upitna rećenica / interrogative sentence

(mn – do singular)

DIIFFERENCE BETWEEN -U AND -I IN LOCATION

idem na korculu (going there) vs ja sam na korculi (I’m already there)
idem na medvednicu vs ja skijam na medvednici

Lesson December 17

Ponedjeljak – Monday / u ponedjeljak (on Monday)

Utorak – Tuesday
Srijeda – Wednesday / u srijedu / u sridu
Četvrtak – Thursday
Petak – Friday
Subota – Saturday / u subotu
Nedjelja – Sunday / u nedjelju / nediilju

Sredina / sridina – the middle

Locative case- when you're located somewhere (not going to or coming from, you're in/on)
Na (for flat surfaces (on phone, on wall, on floor) on beach, on field, on mountains) balconu, on roof, on
window

Ja sam u školi / u školi sam – i'm at school

Ja sam u kući / u kući sam – i'm at home

Fakultet – university
Ja sam na fakultetu / na fakultetu sam – i'm at university

Ja sam na igralištu – i'm at the field (igralište)

Ja sam na stadionu – i'm at the stadium (stadiono)
Ja sam na balkonu – i'm on the balcony (balkon)

Ivana živi u Osijeku, Pekingu

Ivana studira u zagrebu / splitu
Ja studim u londonu

Ivana uči u knjižnici

Mei lin uči u sobi

Živim u hrvatskoj (EXCEPTION, acts as an adjective, not as locative because of old name, same with
germany, poland, spain, france)

Žemlja – country

FOR HOMEWORK:
Studenti su u razredu (razred – class)
Učenici (student) su u školi
Ti si u vrtu (garden)
Nogometaši su na igralištu
Turisti su na otoku braču
Jahte (yachts, jahta singular) su u marini -> marinama
Ja sam u rovinju
Jeste li na predavanju / predavanjima (lecture)?
- Predavanje, predavanja (pl.) – lecture (university) – use preposition na
- Sat – class (for high school), but can also mean watch (time), clock
- Jeste li na satu – are you in school? – use preposition na
Baka i djed su na selu
Oni su u knjižnici
Knjige su na policama / polici (polica = shelf)
Bilježnica (notebook) je na stolici (chair)
Navijači (sport fans) su na stadionu
Sportaši (athletes) su na natjecanjima / natjecanju (competition)
Oni su u autu

Koliko je sati – what time is it?

Vrijeme – time, but used for weather
Kako je vrijeme – what's the weather like? (vrime in dalmatia)
Vrijeme leti – time flies by
Vremena – times (e.g. times have changed)
Vremena se mijenjaju/vrimena se minjaju – times change

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LOCATIVE

Idemo na korculu
Ja sam na korculi
Ja sam iz hrvatski / ja sam hravtskoj / ja idem u hravtsku

Plural forms for locative cases

Masculine and neutral – add -ima
Feminine – add –ama

e.g. razred -> razredima

e.g. skola -> skolama
e.g. vrt -> vrtovima
e.g. igralistima

e.g. velikim igralistima (adjective is always -im no matter gender)

object case: jedem veliku ribu; vozim veliki auto

locative: ja sam u velikoj školi

FOR LOCATIVE for adjective of feminine nouns – i

FOR LOCATIVE for adjective of masc nouns – add -om
FOR LOCATIVE for adjective of neutral nouns – add -om

ja sam u bijeloj sobi

Predsjednik živi u bijeloj kuči

In nominative: bijela boja

Base case: bijel

boja – color

plavo more
plava kuca
plavi auto

locative:
ja sam na moru
ja sam na plavom moru

studenti su u velikom razredu

poljka -> ja sam u poljkskoj (poland)

španjolska -> ja sam u španjolskoj (spain)
njemačka -> ja sam u njemačkoj (Germany)
južna koreja -> ja sam u južnoj koreji (south korea)
novi zeland -> ja sam na novom zelandu (new Zealand), na novom zelandu sam
velika britanija -> ja sam u velikoj britaniji (GB)
Australia -> ja sam u australi
Ja sam u itali / austri
Švicarska (switzerland) -> u švicarskoj sam
SAD Sjedinjene Americke drzave
Idemo u ameriku
U americi sam (k changed to c)
Stol – table

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN

In neutral

-O, -E
Third persons singular and plural – add -o

Lesson December 23, 2022

Ends in ska ška or čka -> change into -oj

Female adjective -> -oj

Male adjective -> om

Živim u Brazilu (masc noun, locative add -u)

Zivim u kini (fem noun, locative add -i)

Berlin je u njemačkoj
Venecija je u italiji
Peking je u kini
Vukovar je u hrvatskoj
Atena je u grčkj
Oslo je u norveškoj
Helsinki je u finskoj
Beč (vienna) je u austriji

Language – always an adjective

Učim engleski
Govorim engleski

LOCATIV PREPOSITIONS:
U, na, po (for), o (about)

PO (FOR)
Poznat po – famous for (use in locative for this phrase)
Beč je poznat po sachertorti

Pula je poznata po areni (arena -> areni)

Zagreb je poznat po crkvama (churches pl)
Slavonski brod je poznat po tvrdavi (fortress, trdava is base form) / tvrdavama (fortresses)

španjolska trvdava – nominative

Ja sam u španjolskoj trvdavi (I’m in the Spanish fortress)

Zadar je poznat po Kalelargi (main street in zadar)

Dubrovnik je poznat po Stradunu
Senj je poznat po nehaju

WHEN YOU DO FAMOUS FOR *PEOPLE*, FOR FEMALE DON’T CHANGE SURNAME
(NOMINATIVE), CHANGE FIRST NAME CHANGED TO LOCATIV/DATIV; FOR MALE,
CHANGE BOTH TO LOCATIV/DATIV. IF IT’S A TITLE, CHANGE BOTH (etc teacher, doctor,
queen, etc).

Hrvatska je poznata po Slavi Raškaj

Švdska je poznata po afredu nobelu
Amerika je poznata po visokom slavnom (famous) predsjeniku (noun so change according to noun rules)
abrahamu lincolnu
Grčka je poznata po mudrom (wise) učitelju aristotelu
Njemačka je poznata po thomasu mannu
Švicarska je poznata po wilhelmu tellu
Velika britanija je poznata po staroj (old) kraljici (queen) elizabeti

O (ABOUT)
Talking about her, talking about vacation

Peace = mir
Pusti me na miru – leave me in peace (leave me alone)
- Uses locative even though it’s not location

Želim da ga provides u miru (I want you to spend it in peace)

DATIV CASE HAS SAME AS LOCATIV

- Dativ with indirect object, usually when giving something to someone, writing to someone,
saying to someone
- E.g. I’m giving a present (accusative, direct object) to my mom (dativ, indirect object) -> Dajem
poklon (accusative) mami (indirect object without preposition bc case covers it) OR dajem
poklon mojoj dragoj (dear) mami
- Dajem poklon mojem / tvojem tati (exception, most of the times it is mojom/tvojom)

If it’s subject in sentence -> nominative, then preposition or object in sentence -> object case
- E.g. Draga mama (dear mom), dragi Male
- Poštovani (if you don’t know if it’s male or female), Poštovana (female)
o E.g. poštovana profesorice, …
o Poštovana gospodo Kim (very formal)
 - Srdačni pozdravi (kind regards), Yena

Locativ = dativ (feminine change -a to -i; masc add -u)

 IN CROATIAN, NO VOWELS TOGETHER

Instrumental case
Traveling by car -> idem (s) autom
Idem s mojom prijatelicom

OBJECT VS LOCATIVE/DATIV ENDINGS:

Lesson January 13 / 14 2023

Locative adjectives:

Female adjective -> -oj

Male adjective -> om

Nominative adjective:

Base form of adjectives:

Velik-big
Mal-small

Brza mačka

Velik stol OR veliki stol = both right

Veliko jezero
Plavo more
MEMORIZE COLORS !

Plural versions:

Riba -> ribe (pl.)

Velika riba -> velike ribe (pl.) - FEM

Veliko jezero -> velika jezera (pl) – NEUTER

Stol -> stolovi (special situation) – MASC

- Vrt -> vrtovi (garden)
- Brod -> brodovi (ship)

Velik papir -> veliki papiri (pl.) – MASC

BUT when you change format from adj+noun -> noun is adj, do not use -i after adjective in the case of
masculine (i.e brzi bicikl -> bicikl je brz)
Čista kuča – clean house
Puna kuča – full house
Stara kuča / stare kuče (pl.) – old house(s)

Automobil is technically masc. but shortened to auto can become neuter (both versions are correct)

Brz bicikl OR brzi bicikl / brzi bicikli (pl.)– fast bike

Crv – worm

Gotov – ready done

Ručak je gotov – lunch is ready
Doručak je gotov – breakfast is ready
- This is exception, don’t add -i after gotov
Večer je gotova

Lijepo selo / lijepa sela (pl) – beautiful village(s)

Poznata ulica -> marmonto ulica je poznata ulica

Duga uliica / duge ulice (pl) – long street(s)

Moja koža je suha – my skin is dry

Sunce nije tako jako – sun is not that strong

*** je should always be second (e.g. visoka je or ona je visoka but never je visoka)

INTENSIFIERS:

Strašno in itself is also “scary”, “horrible”

Torva nije preskupa – bag is not too expensive

EXCEPTIONS of nominative nouns that end in consonate but are fem -> BUT when you change to plural
form, you convert the noun using masculine form but the adjective uses feminine
e.g. večer, obitelj, sol, krv (blood), riječ (word)
dobra večer
e.g. riječi su duge
e.g. moja obitelj je velika -> moje obtelji su velike

EXAMPLE ADJECTIVE SENTENCES + plural form:

Soba je velika / sobe su velike – room is big / plural form

Hotel je pun / hoteli su puni – hotel is full / plural
Svjetlo je slabo / svjetla su slaba – light is weak / plural
Restoran je stvarno /jako skup / restorani su stvarno skupi – restaurant is really exp
Knjiga je poznata / knjige su poznate – book is well known
Jezero je duboko / jezera su duboka – lake is deep
Riječ je duga / riječi su duge – the word is long
Čaša je puna/čaše su pune – glass is full
Plaza je jako lijepa / plaže su jako lijepe – beach is very nice
Doručak je gotov / spreman
Večera je gotova / spremna
Zima je duga / zime su duge – winter is long
Pivo je jeftino / piva su jeftina – the beer is cheap
- Dalmatian : piva je jeftina

COLORS:

Zelena trava – green grass

Crna mačka – black cat
Bijeli zid – white wall
Crno vino – red wine
Bijelo vino – white wine

January 17, 2023 Lesson

** if you want to say “dark + color or light + color” – just add in front but color changes based no gender
 Tamno+ = dark -> majica je tamnocrvena (the shirt is dark red)
 Svjetlo + = light -> auto je svjetlozelen (car is light green)

**IRREGULAR EXCEPTION: smed (brown) -> gets -e in neuter instead of -o

So NOT oko je smedo but oko je smede (the eye is brown)
SIMIILARLY,
Loš (bad)
Vruć (hot)

REGULAR: hladno je-it’s cold // Jeli hladno? Is it cold?

IRREGULAR: vruce je- it’s hot

REGULAR: dobro-fine
IRREGULAR: loše -bad
Plava kosa = blond hair (even though plava is blue)
Crno vino = red wine (even though crno is black)

** when you combine colors, the first one is always neutral but second changese normally
e.g. crno-bijeli televizor / crno-bijela majica / crveno-plava zastava (red and blue flag)

potpuno or sasvim (more formal) = completely

e.g. potpuno crno (completely black)

*indeclinable adjectives – colloquial but don’t change their form at all

lila: pale violet
roza: pink

*will usually say adjective in feminine form because “plava (boja)” but not saying “color”
e.g. what is the color of this? Blue (fem form)
BUT if you’re asking about any other adjective, it depends:
- “how was it?” “dobro”
- “How was the concert? / Kakav je bio koncert?” “Dobar”
- “Kaka je (bila) hrana?” “Dobra” “loša”

BRIEF PAST TENSE EXPLANATION:

Ja sam bio / bila – I was
- E.g. ja sam bio u restoranu / ja sam bila restoranu / ona je bila u restoranu

PAST PARTICIPLE:

All that is necessary is to learn the following gender-related endings:

masculine feminine neuter
Nominative Singular –o –la –lo
Nominative Plural –li –le –la
- E.g. ja sam učio / ja sam hodao (I was walking to the school) / hodala sam / on je hodao
(he was walking) / djete je hodalo / mi smo hodali

ADDITIONAL ADJECTIVES:

Kišobran je mokar = umbrella is wet

(kiša = rain)

PERSONAL PRONOUNS – FOR NOMINATIVE

IN NEUTRAL, ONLY THIRD PERSON SIINGULAR AND PLURAL HAVE -O ENDING

Moje selo; nihovo selo

Stablo = tree
Bor = pine tree

EXERCISE:

SINGULAR JA:
Moja kuca, moj automobil, moja zemlja, moj kafic, moje stablo

IN PLURAL JA: SAME AS ADJ, IN NOMINATIVE, MATCH THE NOUN:

Moje kuće, moji automobili, moje zemlje, moji kafiči, moja stabla

SINGULAR TI:
Tvoja ruka (hand); tvoj krevet (bed); tvoje pecivo (bagel); tvoja kćer (daughter); tvoje pivo

PLURAL:
Moje ruke, moji kreveti, moja peciva, moje kćeri (changes to masculine in plural), moja piva

SINGULAR ON:
Njegova noga (leg); njegov kompjutor; njegovo vino; njegova sestra; njegov brat; njegovo selo

PLURAL ON:
Njegove noge; njegovi kompjutori; njegova vina; njegova sestre; njegova braća; njegova sela
SINGULAR ONA:
Njena / njezina prijateljica; njen kafić; njeno vino, njena baka, njeno kino (cinema)
Njene prijateljice, njeni kafići, njena vina, njene bake, njena kina

FOR HW:

SINGULAR MI / PLURAL MI
Naša torba (bag) / Naše torbe
Naś tramvaj (tram)/ Naši tramvaji
Naša kuća / Naše kuće
Naš roditelj (parent)/ Naši roditelji
Naše pecivo (bagel) / Naša peciva

SINGULAR VI / PLURAL VI
Vaša slika (picture) / Vase slike
Vase jezero / Vaša jezera
Vaša sestrična (fem cousin) / Vaše sestrične
Vaš bratič (male cousin) / Vaši bratići
Vase polje / Vasa polja

SINGULAR ONI/ONE / PLURAL ONI/ONE

Njihova ulica / njihove ulice
Njihovo brdo (hill) / njihova brda
Njihova trgovina / njihove trgovine
Njihovo pismo (letter) / njihova pisma
Njhovo kazalište (theater) / njihova kazališta

Sestra, brat, mama, tata (dad), baka, djed/did/dida (grandpa)

IN LOCATIV: SAME AS ADJ, -OJ / -OM (masc/neut)

Ja sam u mojoj kuči
U tvojoj kuči sam (I’m at your house)
U njegovoj kuči sam (I’m at his house)

Sto kaže te? What did you say?

Lesson Januray 21, 2023

LOCATIVE
Feminine -> kuča -> kuči
Masc -> igralište -> igralištu

ADJECTIVE
Feminine -> -oj
Masc / neuter -> -om/-em

Ja sam u tvojoj kuči

Ja sam u njegovoj kuči
FOR PERSONAL PRONOUN LOCATIVE / DATIV – always use -em for personal pronoun except for
third person singular / plural (basically just follow what it ends with in nominative)
EG
Mojem
Tvojem
Njegovom
Nasem
Vasem
Nhijovom
Ja sam na selu -> ja sam u tvojem selu

FOR OTHER ADJECTIVES IT’S 99% -OM ->

Ja sam u plavom moru
Ja sam u ljepom selu

LOCATIVE: NA (on), U(in for locative), O(about)

- razgovaramo o / Pricamo o – we’re talking about

LOCATIVE PLURAL
female -ama (e.g. ženama)
masc/neuter -ima

ADJECTIVE LOCATIVE PLURAL FOR fem/masc/neuter: -im

NOMINATIVE PLURAL
žena, žene (woman)

EXAMPLES
Razgovaramo o Hrvatskom jeziku – we’re talking about croatian language
Razgovaramo o taekwando-u i tenis-u i filmu avataru
Razgovramo o vodič (tour guide) // o vodičima (plural tour guides)
Razgovramo o korejskom jeziku
Mirjana je sada na visokoj planini (visoka planina) – Mirjana is on the tall mountain right now
Razgovaramo o lijepiim ženama (lijepa zena, pl) – we are talking about beautiful women
Nikad nisam bila na Novom Zelandu (Novi Zeland) – I’ve never been to new zealand
Ima šečera i meda u vručm (-em because ended in -e) mlijeku (vruce (irregular) mlijeko)
On želi živjeti u velikom gradu (veliki grad) – he wants to live in a big city

IN GENERAL: we use -o ending for masc/neuter, but if it ends with a Croatian specific letter, it is -e, like
vruće ljeto NOT vrućo ljeto (summer)
LOCATIVE –
-em VS -om -> RULE: usually we use -om except if it ends with a Croatian specific letter or ends with -e
EG loše, vruče
U vručem ljetu

Lesson January 23, 2023

Homework – to describe my day / Opiši svoj dan

Adjectives p
TVOJ VS SVOJ (your own, just belongs to you)
Ovo je tvoj auto – this is your car
Idi svojim autom – go by your own car

ADJECTIVES
Nizak / niska – short
Iskren/iskrena – honest
Roza – pink
Crven / crvena – red
Brz auto – fast car

new words
trebati, trebam – to need, require – is a model verb, so following verb is in infinitive
- ja trebam kupiti kruh
morati, moram – have to (I have to XX, similar to trebati)
želiti / želim – want to
moram iči – I have to go
moram kuhati večeru – I have to cook dinner
moram učiti hrvatski jezik – I have to learn Croatian
moram čekati magdalenu – have to wait for Magdalena

neke stvari – some things

stvar – thing
razglednica – post card
pisati, pišem – to write
pišemo knjigu – we are writing a book
pišemo knjige – we are writing books
u svim kioscima – in all kiosks
u svim kučama u ulici je mracno – in all houses on the street are dark
u svim kučama u ulici su mačke – in all houses on the street are cats
*ADJ IN PLURAL REGARDLESS OF GENDER IS -IM

Stvarno – really?/real/intensifier

stvaran/pravi novčič – real coin

prodavati, prodajem – to sell
prodajem knjige – I’m selling books
prodajem razglednice – I’m selling postcards

ovdje / ovde / tamo – here

tamo – there

CONJUNCTIONS
ali – but
ili – or
I – and

Prodavač / prodavačica – salesman / saleswoman

Molim vas – please
i… i…. – both… and …
kakav / kakvo / kakva / kakve / kakvi / kakva – what kind or how (masc. / neutral / feminine / masc pl /
neutral pl / feminine pl)
kakvo je more – hows the sea?
Kakvi su ucenici – how are the students?
Kakva su jakne – how are the jackets?
Kako je na fakultetu – how is it ?
Kakva je večera – hows the dinner?
Kakve zelite – whichdo you want
-I / -a / -e – for NOMINATIVE PLURAL ENDING FOR MASC / NEUTRAL / FEMININE
Još nešto – something more?
Još – still / more
Još ne pada kisa – is it still not raining?
Još malo – a little more

Daje novac ženi – she gives the woman the money (DATIV)

Moliti – to pray / to beg

Moliti nekoga – to beg someone
Molim – welcome

Sapun – soap
Šampon – shampoo
Zubnu pastu – tooth paste (can leave zubnu out)

Znate – you know

Koliko košta – (Koliko kosta doesn’t change)

Koliko košta veliki stol – “how much does it cost” doesn’t change based on gender
Drobiti – crush
Ja sam drobio – I made a mess/dropped crumbs

Idemo u trgovinu / dučan – let’s go to the store

Samoposlugu – self service shop

Lesson February 3, 2023

HOW WAS MY DAY

Danas sam (always come second place) se probudila (I woke up) u tri [[sata] poslijepodne / petnaest sati]
jer (because) sam zaspala u osam ujutro. Ja sam učila osnove prava (fundamentals of law) putem online
tečaj (through an online course) koji traje (XX lasts, doesn't change) do rujna (which is until September).

Vrijeme je bilo suho i sunčano i vjetar nije bio tako jak. Ja sam bila u fitness centru jedan sat. Nakon, ja
sam jela smoothie bowl s bananom granolom bobičastim voćem i proteinski prahom. Imam puno razredna
lektira (lecture readings) / zadače I nakon sat s magdalenom, ja ću čitati moj pravni udžbenik / moju
pravnu knjigu. Ja sam imala dobar dan / Imala sam dobar dan.

Pauza – break
Uzmimo pet minuta pauzu
Imam pauzu (object case) koja traje deset minuta

Vjetar – wind
Bijel zid / bijeli zid // zid je bijel
Plavo more

Jaki / jak vjetar -> vjetar je jak

Bio / bila / bilo (neutral)

Bilo je hladno (it was cold), bilo je odlično (excellent), bilo je ukusno (it was delicious)
Hladno je, odlično je, ukusno je

“kako je bilo” – how was it?

“bilo je odlično” - it was excellent

SAT / SATA
- Jedan sat (singular)
- 2-4 is sata: dva sata, tri sata (plural)
- Koliko je sati (basic form)
- 5-20 is sati: Pet sati, šest sati
- Dvadeset jedan sat
- Dvadeset dva sata
- Ponoć – midnight
- Podne – noon

HOMEWORK – PAST TENSE

Imam zadaču (object case) / imam puno zadače (I have hw, I have a lot of hw)

Razred – is more classroom in class with kids

Sat – class
Sastanak – meeting

Imam sat (object case) – I have class

Imam dva sata – I have two classes

Moram raditi tri sata

Moram raditi jedan sat
Moram raditi šest sati

Dvorac je velik (castle is big) -> dvorac je bio velik

Automobil je nov
Kuća je nova
Crkva (church) je mala
Dijete je malo
Ulice su široke (wide)
Haljina (dress) je široka
Kazališe (theater) je staro
Zgrade (buildings, zgrada = singular) su stare (
Jelo (dish) nije vruče (IRREGULAR)
Kava je vruča (REGULAR HERE)
Kavana (café) je lijepo
Vrtovi (garden) su lijepi
Ivan je visok
Kuće su visoke
Susjedi (neighbors) su dragi
Djeca (children) su draga
Haljina je smeda
Odijelo (suit) nije smede
Odijelo nije plavo

Drago mi je: nice to meet you

Homework (part B only):

Sladoled je dobar.
Marija je dobra.
Stan je udoban (comfortable).
Stolica nije udobna.
One su simpatične
Oni su simpatične
Hlače (pants) su kratke
Ulica je kratka
Ideja je odlična
Računalo (computer) je odlično
Pismo (letter) je dugačko (long)
Džemperi (sweaters) su dugački
Plan nije jednostavan (easy)
Zadaća (hw) je jednostavna
Vicevi (jokes) su smiješni (funny)
Frizura (hairstyle) je smiješna
Ona je gladna
I on je gladno
One su žedne
Jeste li vi žedan?