TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MIDTERM REVIEWER

THE PILLAR OF TRAFFIC

1. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING- Science of measuring traffic and travel, the application of

knowledge in planning, deciding in operating traffic system to achieve safe and efficient
transportation of persons and goods.

Function of traffic engineering

 Fact finding, survey recommendation of traffic rules and regulations

 Supervision and maintenance to the application of traffic control
 Planning of traffic regulations

Objectives of traffic engineering

 To achieve efficient, free and rapid flow of traffic

 To prevent traffic accident
 To simplify police enforcement action and performance
 To show that good police actions and performance make engineering plans effective

Agencies Concerned in Traffic Engineering

 DPWH PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL/CITY GOVERNMENT

2. Traffic Education- The process of giving training and practice in the actual application of
traffic safety.

Safety Training- the three principle that have been emphasized as effective in the prevention of
traffic accidents are known as the three (3) E’s of traffic: Engineering, Education, Enforcement.

3 Level of Traffic Safety Education

 Imparting knowledge concerning traffic safety

 Training and practice in the actual application of traffic safety knowledge
 Developing traffic safety morality

Safety Campaign- Road propaganda may be intended simply to inform or it may be felt that the
public is already aware of the recommended behavior by need to be persuaded into adopting it.
-or this is a mass publicity aimed to make a road users to behave more safely.

3. Traffic Enforcement- this fields includes the implementation and enforcement of traffic laws

I. Land Transportation Office (LTO)

 -Vehicle Registration
 -Vehicle Inspection
 -Driver Licensing(examination, revocation, suspension)

II. Legislation

 -Passing of laws and ordinances

 -Congress
 -Council(city/municipal)
 -Provincial Boards

III. Police Direct Enforcement Traffic Laws

 -PNP
 -MMDA-NCR
 -Police Auxillaries

Three (3) important goals of enforcement activities

 To increase safety level

 To increase traffic efficiency
 To insure harmonious and comfortable environment

Objectives of traffic law enforcement

 Preventive activities
 Persuasive activities
 Punitive activities

Kinds of Enforcement Action

1. Traffic Arrest- is an enforcement of action which consists of taking a person into a custody
for the purpose of holding or detaining him to answer the charge of law violation before a court.

2. Traffic Citation- made of having a violator appear in court without physical arrest.
3. Traffic Warning- in an enforcement action which does not contemplate possible assessment
of penalty by the court or otherwise as a result of warning alone.

Types of Traffic Warning

 Visual Warning- usually used when you have observed a minor violation.

 Verbal Warning – a form of traffic safety education. Tell the driver or violator that he is
violated a law and explain the hazards of such violation.

 Written Warning- combination of verbal warning and citation.

4. Traffic Ecology or Environment -includes the study of potentially disastrous population

explosion, changes in the urban or rural environment, air pollution, water pollution and crowding
which may result in transport congestion.
5. Traffic Economy-deals in matter concerning effects of traffic in the economy or daily life
status of individual participating in the transportation of goods an or person.

TRAFFIC LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS AND OTHER RELATED STATUTES

Lesson 1 Traffic laws, Rules and Regulations.-The standards of regulating movements on

roads, street and highways are found in traffic laws, rules and regulations.

1. Republic Act (R.A.)

 a. R.A. 4136. This is the basic law regulating land transportation in the Philippines.
 b. R.A. 6539. The act which is known as the “Anti Carnapping Act of 1972”, the act
preventing and penalizing carnapping.
 c. R.A. 5448. Act imposing a tax on privately owned passenger automobiles, motorcyles
and scooters, and a science stamp tax, to constitute a special science fund defining the
programs, project and activities of science agencies to financed therefrom and for other
purposes.
 d. R.A. 8749. Also know as the “Clean Air Act” which regulates emission of toxic gasses
of both gasoline and diesel engine and bans the use of leaded gas for gasoline engines.
 e. R.A. 8750. It provides for the attachment of seat belts for all types of motor vehicles
and imposes penalty for the non-compliance thereof.
  f. R.A. 7924. The act creating the “Metropolitan Manila Development Authority”
defining the powers and functions, providing funds therefor and for other purposes.

2. Presidentia Decree (P.D.)

 a. P.D. no. 96. Regulating the use of sirens, bell, horn, etc,by prohibiting the attchment of
any siren, horn bell, etc. on motor vehicles which produce unusual or starting soundsas
well as blinkers and other similar device unless the vehicle belongs to the AFP, NBI,
LTO PNP, BJMP, AMBULANCE, Fire Departments and are specifically intended for
use of emergencies.
 b. P.D. no. 101. Expediting the methods of prescribing , redefining, or modifying the
lines and modes of operations of public utility motor vehicles in the Philippines.
 c. P.D. no. 207. Declaring as part of the laws of the Philippines the Vienna Convention
on Road Traffic, Sign and Signals.
 d. P.D. 612. Requiring compulsary insurance for all types of motor vehicle against third
party liability as an additional pre-requisite for registration by the LTO.
 . P.D. 1686. Imposing a tax in every motor vehicle equipped with air conditioner.
 f. P.D. 1181. Providing for the abatement for air pollution from motor vehicle and for
other purposes.
 g. P.D. 1605. Granting Metropolitan Manila Commissioncertain powers related to traffic
management and control in Metropolitan Manila providing penalties and for other
purposes.
 h. P.D. 98. Regulating the issuance of license plate of all motor vehicles.
 i. P.D. 108. Modifying P.D. 98
 j. P.D. 1729. Authorizing the Bureau of Land Transportation to dispose of impounded
motor vehicles unclaimed by the owners for certain period of time.
 k. P.D. 1730. Declaring the syndicated printing, manufacture, distribution, possession or
use of fake official Bureau of Land Transportation forms, documents, paltes and stickers
as offenses involving economic sabotage.

3. Letter of Instruction (LOI)

 a. L.O.I. no. 43 Providing for the removal of all impediments on roads, streets,
  and highways such as constructions, stalled or parked vehicles and other movable
property the obstruct free passage. This LOI abrogated city or municipal ordinances
governing the disposition of traffic on city and municipal street throughout the country.
 b. L.O.I. no. 112. Prohibiting freight and cargo trucks from using roads, highways and
bridges whose loads capacities are in excess of specific allowable limits.
 c. L.O.I. 229. Requiring all motor vehicle owners, users, or drivers to have in their
possession at all times while driving at least one (1) pair of early warning device for use
when the vehicle is disabled on roads, streets, and highways or other emergencies
compelling the vehicle to be on stop position.
 d. L.O.I. 716. Every motor vehicle to equip at least a pair of early warning device
 e. L.O.I. 551. Directing the law enforcement agencies to implement the Pollution Control
Program
 f. L.O.I. 853. Calling for the National Tripartite Conference to consider the establishment
of viable labor management relations based upon the “boundary” system in land
transportation.
 g. L.O.I. 1009. All owners of private motor vehicles who desire to stop operating or
using their number plates and registration certificate to surrender to LTO.
 h. L.O.I. 1071. Owner and/or operators of motor vehicles are authorized to pay the
annual premiums for the issurance of their motor vehicle on quarterly basis.

4. Department Order (D.O.)

 a. DOTC D.O. 88-305. Rules of Pleadings, practice and procedure for appeals on
franchising, fare rate charges and other related matters pertinent to Land Transportation
Public Utilities.
 b. D.O. 93-693. Revised schedule of Administrative Fees and charges of the Land
Transportation Office.

5. Administrative and Special Orders

 a. Administrative Order no. VIII, S-1968 LTC. Requiring the towing and impouding
of stalled motor vehicles on public highways and the imposition of corresponding fees
thereof.
 b. Administrative Order no. 1, S-1975 LTC. Prescribing guidelines and procedures in
the implementation of PD. 96.
  c. Administrative Order no. 1, S-1975 LTC. Laying down specific rules of action in the
imposition of uniform fines and penalties for violations of the provisions of R.A. 4136.
 d. Special Order no. 101-IRM LTC. Enumerating and Identifying various city streets
where parking is prohibited.

6. Memorandum Circulars

 a. LTC Memorandum to all Patrol Officers, Deputies and Agents dtd 09 August
1975. directing the motor vehicle whose loads are rice, cerals, fertilizer and other prime
commodities and not to be apprehended and stop on roads and highways except only in
cases of serious violation.
 b. LTC Memorandum Circular No. 33, dtd 12 September 1972. Providing guidelines
in the apprehension of illegally parked motor vehicles.
 c. LTC Memorandum Circular No. 15, dtd 19 January 1972. Regulating and lying
instructions and in the use of Special Commemorative Motor Vehicle Plates.
 d. M.C. 94-199. Aide-memoir regarding retention and authority by LTO to register
motorized tricycle under R.A. 4136. and guidleines to implement devolution’s of
LTFRB’s Franchising Authority .
 e.M.C. 94-188. Issuance of drivers license to diabled persons.
 f. M.C. 92-146. Re-implementation of LOI 229, as amended by LOI 479 directing the
installation of early warning device of motor vehicles.
 g. M.C. 94-192. Diesel smoke emission test for motor vehicles.
 h. M.C. 90-020. Directing all land transportation service operators and drivers to display
in any conspicuous place of their vehicles the authorized fare matrix for the specific route
granted them to avoid conflict.
 i. M.C. 93-011. Enjoining all public utility operators to use garage instead of public place
or side streets in parking their vehicles.
 j. M.C. 94-002. Sanctions on operators arising from the violations of the drivers.
 k. M.C. 94-209. Clarificatory guidelines for the registration/operationof new private
vehicles particularly in the use of conduction sticker.

7. Executive Order

 a. E.O. 125. Reorganizing the DOTC, defining its power and functions and for other
purposes.
  b. E.O. 226. Providing for two service units in the office of the Asst. Sec. for Land
Transportation in the DOTC (Law enforcement Service-LES and traffic adjudication
service-TAS) defining the power and functions thereof and for other purposes.
 c. E.O. 202. Creating Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)
 d. E.O. 248. Empowering the Land Transportation Commission to control and supervise
the operations of motor vehicle driving schools.

8. Other Special Laws

 a. Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 (B.P. 344). Act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons
by requiring them ceratain buildings,institutions, establishments and and public utilities
to install facilities and other devices.

“Sec. 1, Par. 2. In the case of the parking place of any of the above institutions, buildings, or
establishments, or public utilities, the owner or the operator shall reserve sufficient and suitable
space for the use of disabled persons”

“Sec. 2. In case of public conveyance, device such as the prominent display of posters, stickers
shall be use to generate public awareness of the rights of the disabled and posters
understandingof their special needs. Discriminating special person in the carriage or
transportation of the passenger is hereby declared unlawful”

 b. Memorandum Unnumbered dtd Juy 13, 1992. Early warning Device (EWD) not a
requirement for registration
 c. SC Bars Lawmen from removing car plates (187 SCRA 432)

SALIENT FEATURES OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136 KNOWN AS LAND

TRANSPORTATION CODE OF PHILIPPINES

TERMS AND PHRASES

1. ARTICULATED VEHICLE- Any motor vehicle with a trailer having no front axle and
so attached that part of the trailer rests upon the motor vehicles.
2. DRIVER- Shall mean every and any licensed operator of a motor vehicle.
3. OWNER- The actual legal owner of a motor vehicle, in whose name such vehicle is duly
registered with the LTO.
4. GROSS WEIGHT- The measure weight of a motor vehicle plus the maximum allowable
carrying capacity in merchandise, freight.
 5. Motor Vehicle - Shall mean any vehicle propelled by any power other than muscular
power using the public highways.
6. Passenger Automobile- Shall mean all pnuematic tire vehicles.
7. Professional Driver- Every and any driver hired for driving or operating a motor
vehicle, whether for private use or for hire to the public. Any driver driving his own
vehicle for hire is a professional driver.
8. dealer- Every such entity acting as agent for the sale of one or more makes, style, or
kinds of motor vehicles, dealing in motor vehicles, keeping the same in stock or selling
same or handling with a view to trading same.
9. Garage - Any building in which two or more motor vehicles, either with or without
drivers, are kept ready for hire to the public, but shall not include street stands, public
service stations, or other public places designated by proper authority as parking spaces
for motor vehicles for hire while awaiting or soliciting business.
10. Tourist - A foreigner who travels from place to place for pleasure or culture.

OTHER PHRASES

1. EXCEEDING REGISTERED CAPACITY (OVERLOADING) -Passengers, freight or

cargo load of a motor vehicle should not be more than its considered carrying capacity
2. CARGO CARRYING DEVICES-The construction of devices for carrying cargo at the
rear of trucks maybe allowed subject to the approval of the commissioners.
3. RIDING ON THE RUNNING BOARD -It is strictly prohibited, except for conductors
collecting passenger fare.
4. RIDING IN THE TOP OF THE MOTOR VEHICLES- Passengers shall not allowed to
ride on top of motor vehicles, but baggage or frieght maybe carried on top of the truck.

5. REQUIRED MOTOR VEHICLE ACCESSORIES

A. TIRES – Motor vehicles having metallic tires are prohibited from operating on any public
highway.
 B. BRAKE – Every motor vehicle with 4 or more wheels shall be provided with dual
hydraulic brake system
C. HORN – Every motor vehicle shall be provided with a horn in good order.
D. HEADLIGHT – The vehicle should have 2 headlights, 1 on each side, which must be
dimmed when meeting another vehicle.
E. TAIL LIGHT – Installed at the rear portion of the vehicle, this should be visible at least
100 meters away.
F. STOP LIGHT – Installed also at the vehicles rear.
G. WINDSHIELD WIPER -
H. USED OF RED FLAG
I. MUFFLERS

6. HITCHING ON TO A VEHICLE (HOLDING) -Hanging on to or riding on the outside or rear

end of any vehicles

7. DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUOR

8. OBSTRUCTION OF TRAFFIC - By operating a motor vehicle in such a manner as to

obstruct block

9. DUTIES OF DRIVER IN CASE OF ACCIDENT

A. a. STOP immediately.
B. b. SHOW his driver’s license to inspecting traffic law enforcer.
C. c. GIVE his true name and address, including that the owner of motor vehicle.
D. d. ASSIST injured person
E. e. TAKE MEASURES to protect belogings of passensgers
F. f. REPORT the accident (Sec. 55)

10. WHEN COULD A DRIVE LEAVE THE AREA OF ACCIDENT WITHOUT BEING
HELD LIABLE FOR HIT-AND-RUN?

A. His life is imminent danger of being harmed by other person/s by reason of the accident

B. He surrenders to proper authority;

C. He summons the assistance of a physician or nurse to aid the victim.

B.REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE

1.CLASSIFICATION OF REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLE

A. PRIVATE – These are motor vehicles used for personal use of their owners.
B. PUBLIC UTILITY VEHICLE– These are registered primarily for the conveyance of
passengers and other commercial goods.
C. GOVERNMENT – These are motor vehicles owned by government offices and are used
for official purposes only.
D. DIPLOMAT – These are issued to foreign diplomats and consuls assigned in the
Philippines.

2. PLATE NUMBERS

a. GREEN WITH WHITE BACKGROUND – Issued to private or not for hire vehicles.
b. BLACK WITH YELLOW BACKGROUND – Issued for public utility vehicles.
c. RED WITH WHITE BACKGROUND – Issued to government owned motor vehicles.
d. BLUE WITH WHITE BACKGROUND – Assigned for foreign diplomats, consuls and other
foreign dignitaries.
e. COMMEMORATIVE PLATE – Special plate numbers are issued for specific purposes.

3.SCHEDULE OF REGISTRATION-Registration of motor vehicles should be done annually

which follows the numerical

LAST DIGIT OF PLATE NUMBER MIDDLE DIGIT WEEKLY DEADLINE

1-Jan 6-Jun 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2-Feb 7-Jul 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

3-Mar 8-Aug 7 8 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

4-Apr 9-Sep 9 0 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

5-May 10-Oct 29 30 31

4. LETTER PREFIXES ON PLATE

5. SPECIAL PLATE NUMBERS FOR THE GOVERNMENT UNITS

C. DRIVER’S LICENSE, defined – Document issued to a qualified driver who possesses the
statutory qualification as provided thereof.

1.CONFISCATION OF LICENSE – License may be confiscated when driver violated such

traffic rules and regulation.

2.TYPES OF LICENSES, PROCEDURES & REQUIREMENTS

A. INTERNATIONAL DRIVER’S LICENSE – Bonafide tourist and transients who are

duty licensed to operate motor vehicle
B. MILITARY DRIVER’S LICENSE – Enlisted military personnel of the AFP operating
motor vehicles owned by the government.
C. PROFESSIONAL DRIVER’S LICENSE – Issued to a driver hired or paid for driving or
operating a motor vehicle whether private used or for hire to the public.
D. d. NON-PROFESSIONAL DRIVER’S LICENSE – Issued to owners of privately owned
vehicles or those not for hire or paid for driving.
E. e. STUDENT PERMIT – Issued to persons who desire to learn how to drive.

3. DRIVER’S EXAMINATION

A. Written examination - Will contains concerning proper driving procedures, road rules and
regulations, emergency procedures.
B. Road test - Before each examination, a DRIVING SKILL RATER will provide a 30mns
lecture about traffic rules and the other driver information.
C. c MANDATORY DRUG TEST – Mandatory to all driver’s license applicant except for
student driver’s permit to pass a drug test conducted by duly LTO accredited drug testing
centers.
D. d. DRIVER’S RESTRICTION CODE - The driver is issued a license, the driver’s
restriction code is indicated as motorcycle/motorized tricycle

DRIVERS CONDITION - The condition for driver’s license holder while operating a motor
vehicles are indicated as follows:

A – were eye glasses

B – drive only with special equipment for upper limbs

C – drive only with special equipment for lower limbs

D – daylight driving only

E – accompanied by a person with normal hearing

STEP BY STEP PROCESS

1. Student Permit/Student License

-The first kind of license that you can get would be a student permit or a student license. The
student license isn’t an actual ID and is more of a permit and it shows that you are still someone
who is learning to drive. Having this permit will allow you to drive around, but only if you are
accompanied by someone who does have a driver’s license.

Who can apply for a Student Permit?

 If you’re wondering how to secure student driver license Philippines PH, these are going
to be your qualifications:
 At least 17 years of age for a Filipino citizen (18 years of age for foreign applicants)
 For Foreign Applicants: Must be living in the Philippines for at least one month
 Physically and mentally fit to operate a vehicle
 Can read and write in Filipino or English (or other local languages)
 Have completed the 15-hour mandatory Theoretical Driving Course (TDC)
 No unsettled traffic violations
 Have a valid email address

Requirements for Applying for a Student Permit:

If you want to know how to get student driver license Philippines PH, these are the documents
and other paperwork that you need to have to apply for a student permit:

 An accomplished Application for Permits and Licenses (APL) Form

 Medical certificate issued and transmitted online to LTO by LTO-accredited clinics and a
photocopy and an original copy of the medical certificate
 Submission of a photocopy and presentation of the original version of a Valid ID
  Submission of a photocopy and presentation of the original version of any of the
following:
 Local Civil Registry (for areas without a PSA)
 NSO/PSA Birth Certificate
 Passport
 Philippine Identification Card
 PSA Marriage Certificate

Theoretical Driving Course certificate of completion transmitted electronically by an LTO-

accredited driving school: one original and one photocopy

For Minors:

 Notarized consent form of one parent or guardian

 One original copy of the parent or guardian’s valid ID that has a photo and signature
 One photocopy of a parent or guardian’s valid ID
 Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) for employed

For Foreigners:

 One original and a photocopy of the passport. The entry date must at least be one month
with the visa duration of six months from the date of application
 For those who were born in the Philippines: a photocopy and original of your PSA Birth
2. Non-Professional Driver’s License (Non-Pro)

2. Non-Professional Driver’s License (Non-Pro)

The Non-Professional Driver’s license is what most people have. This license only allows you to
drive private vehicles only and you can apply for this after you’ve had your student license for at
least one month up to a year.

Who Can Apply for a Non-Professional Driver’s License?The following people are the ones
who can apply for a Non-Pro driver’s license in the Philippines:

 At least 17 years of age for a Filipino citizen (18 years of age for foreign applicants)
 Can read and write in Filipino or English (or other local languages)
 Physically and mentally fit to operate a vehicle
  No unsettled traffic violations
 Must have a student permit at least one month from the issue date
 Can be a holder of an expired non-pro license for over two years but less than 10 years
 For foreigners: Can be an expired foreign license
 Must have attended and passed the 8-hour Practical Driving Course (PDC)
 Must have passed the LTO Automated Theoretical Examination (the written exam) as
well as the LTO Practical Driving Test

Requirements for applying for a Non-Pro Driver’s License.These are the documents and
paperwork that you need to bring with you when you’re trying to figure out how to apply
for non professional driver license PH.

 An accomplished Application for Permits and License (APL) Form

 Medical certificate issued and transmitted online to LTO by LTO-accredited clinics and a
photocopy and an original copy of the medical certificate
 Presentation of the original as well as a photocopy of the Certificate of Completion of the
PDC
 Valid Student Driver’s Permit
 TIN, if employed

For Minors:

 Notarized consent form of one parent or guardian

 One original copy of the parent or guardian’s valid ID that has a photo and signature
 One photocopy of a parent or guardian’s valid ID

3. Professional Driver’s License

What is Professional Driver License PH you ask? Well, if you need to drive or operate
commercial vehicles or drive for a living, then you need to ensure that you have a professional
driver’s license. You need to have this to operate smaller commercial vehicles as well as public
utility vehicles or PUVs. It’s also what you talk about when you ask what is a commercial driver
license PH at the most basic level.

o Who Can Apply for a Professional Driver’s License?

o If you’re interested in applying for a professional driver’s license, you must fall under the
following:
o At least 17 years of age for a Filipino citizen (18 years of age for foreign applicants)
o Can read and write in Filipino or English (or other local languages)
o Physically and mentally fit to operate a vehicle
o No unsettled traffic violations
o Must have a student permit at least six months from the issue date

For foreigners: a valid/expired foreign license

Others: a valid/expired professional or non-pro license (for certain restriction codes)

 Must be a non-professional driver’s license holder for a year with no unsettled traffic
violations
 Must have passed the LTO Automated Theoretical Examination (the written exam) as
well as the LTO Practical Driving Test
 Must have attended and passed the 8-hour Practical Driving Course (PDC)

Requirements for applying for a Professional Driver’s License

Before applying for a professional driver’s license, make sure that you have the following
paperwork or documentation with you:

o Medical certificate issued and transmitted online to LTO by LTO-accredited clinics and a
photocopy and an original copy of the medical certificate
o Original copy of a valid student permit/Valid Non-Pro Driver’s License
o TIN, for employed
o Presentation of the original as well as a photocopy of the Certificate of Completion of the
PDC
o Valid original copy and photocopy of an NBI clearance or Police clearance
o Original and Photocopy of NSO/PSA Birth Certificate
o For foreigners, a valid Passport and Visa