AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE OF

AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF BARANGGAY

IMELDA BUNAWAN AGUSAN DEL SUR

KIETH RUSSELL M. BACLAY

WENELYN CASTOR

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

JANUARY 2023
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Water, a substance composed of the chemical

elements hydrogen and oxygen and existing in gaseous, liquid, and

solid states. It is one of the most plentiful and essential

of compounds. Designing a water distribution system refers to the

process of planning and creating a network of pipes, pumps, valves,

and other components to transport and distribute water from a source

to the end users. This includes determining the appropriate pipe sizes

and materials, selecting and sizing pumps and valves, and

determining the most efficient layout for the system. The design of the

system must also take into account factors such as water demand,

water quality, system capacity, and maintenance requirements to

ensure it is able to meet the needs of the community it serves.

Water quality is measured by several factors, such as the

concentration of dissolved oxygen, bacteria levels, the amount of salt

(or salinity), or the amount of material suspended in the water

(turbidity). In some bodies of water, the concentration of microscopic

algae and quantities of pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals, and other

contaminants may also be measured to determine water quality.

(Florida Keys Shallow, 2017)

In order to fulfil the water demand of the continuously growing

population, it is essential to provide the sufficient and uniform

quantity of water through the designed network of pipes.(Kumar,

et.al., 2015).

In Brgy Imelda , Agusan del Sur, they have not proper water

supply in this area. Access to safely manage drinking water. Based on

the mentioned problems above, this study will provide data about

water quality and to design the water distribution system of Brgy

Imelda, Agusan del Sur. The resulting data will bring

recommendations to the municipality of Bunawan to design water

distribution system.

Objective of the Study

The main objective of this study is to design water distribution

system in Barangay Imelda, Bunawan Agusan Del Sur.

Specifically, the study aims to:

1. Determine the physical, chemical, and biological properties of

water quality.

2. To be designed with long-term sustainability in mind by taking

into account population growth and future water demand.

3. Estimate the cost of water distribution system.

 Significance of the Study

The result of this study is to know the water quality index and

mapping, may serve as a guide for the identification of the elements in

determining the water quality in water bodies.

Water quality test and monitoring of water resources can help to

determine the composition and richness of the water also help people

to know the use of the water.

Community 

It can help the community to know the uses of water and able

to avoid exposure to countless diseases. And help to determine the

potential sources of water in Barangay, Imelda.

Future researchers

The purpose of the study will benefit and will help the future

researcher as their guide. New idea from the future researcher means

new things on strategies. This study can help them as another

reference of their research. The study can be developing through the

help of future researcher.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The scope of this study is to determine the physical, chemical,

and biological factors of water quality. The physical properties such as

temperature and turbidity, the chemical properties such as pH and

dissolved oxygen and the biological factors such as algae.

 The study is delimited conduct on-site survey in the area in

Brgy. Imelda, Bunawan Agusan del Sur.

Time and Place of the Study

The study will be conducted at Brgy. Imelda. Bunawan, Agusan

del Sur. Also, the evaluation and data gathering on water quality

index and mapping potential source of water will be conducted at the

said the place.

Operational Definition of Terms

Cost-effectiveness: a measure of how well the costs of a system are

balanced against its benefits.

Water distribution system: a network of pipes, pumps, valves, and

other components used to transport water from a source to the end-

users.

Design practices: the methods and techniques used to plan, design,

and construct a water distribution system.

Sustainability - consists of fulfilling the needs of current generations

without compromising the needs of future generations, while ensuring

a balance between economic growth, environmental care and social

well-being.

Resources - supply that can be drawn on by a person or organization

in order to function and execute plans and projects. Resources can be

in the form of money, material, staff, energy, expertise, time and

management, among other things.

Turbidity - is a measure of the relative clarity or cloudiness of water.

The turbidity of filtered water is usually measured in nephelometric

turbidity units (NTU), using a device called a turbidimeter.

Water - a colorless, transparent, odorless liquid that forms the seas,

lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of the fluids of

living organisms.

Water quality - the condition of the water, including chemical,

physical, and biological characteristics, usually with respect to it

suitability for a particular purpose such as drinking or swimming.

 Conceptual Framework

Input Process Output

 Physical, Chemical  Water testing Design of water

and Biological  Manual distribution
factors of water design system of Brgy.
quality computation Imelda, Bunawan
Agusan del Sur

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the study

The input of the study is the Physical, Chemical and Biological

factors of water quality, which is to analyze the result of the laboratory

test of water. The process of the study is the water testing and manual

design computation and the output is the Design of water distribution

system of Brgy. Imelda, Bunawan Agusan del Sur.

 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USINGEPANET

In order to fulfil the water demand of the continuously growing

population, it is essential to provide the sufficient and uniform

quantity of water through the designed network of pipes. For this

purpose the details provided by the IPH (IRRIGATION AND PUBLIC

HEALTHE DEPARTMENT) department, Indora Himachal Pradesh have

been followed. The general features of the area like information about

the main water source, population of the area, demand of water,

requirement of the pumps, distribution network and water tanks are

essential for efficient design of water distribution system. According to

the government of Himachal Pradesh the per capital consumption of

water by an Individual person is 70litres per day and design has been

made accordingly. This work highlights the process carried out on

design of water supply system for an area named KATHGARH with the

help of all this information the design of the water supply scheme for

the area with the help of software “EPANET”.This design of the water

supply scheme for proper supply of water is efficient to meet the daily

requirement of water in this area (Kumar, et.al., 2015).

Robustness-Based Design of Water Distribution Systems

 Robustness is generally defined as an ability of a system to

maintain its function under a defined set of disturbances. To

introduce robustness to the water distribution systems (WDSs) design,

chance constrained, or so-called reliability-based models have been

formulated.

Under variations in system parameters, such as nodal demands

and pipe roughness, system reliability is generally measured as the

probability that the stochastic nodal pressures will be higher than an

allowable minimum pressure limit. However, chance constraints may

not be the best formulation to improve system robustness because it

focuses on the likelihood of failure under a specified set of conditions

rather than developing a solution that consistently provides adequate

service. In addition, the reliability-based design requires defining the

demand condition, its probability distribution and its statistics, which

are not straight forward in practice. To address these difficulties, a

robustness index that limits the range of the system function

variability is posed here and incorporated in a two objective

optimization problem. Resulting designs are compared with those from

the reliability constraint formulation. The authors demonstrate that

the robustness-based design improves resilience relative to the

reliability-based design (Jung,et.al., 2014).

 Investigation of Optimum Sustainable Designs for Water

Distribution Systems from Multiple Economic, Operational, and

Health Perspectives

Optimizing the design of water distribution systems often faces

difficulties due to continuous variations in water demands, pressure

requirements, and disinfectant concentrations. The complexity of this

optimization even increases when trying to optimize both the

hydraulic and the water quality design models. Most of the previous

works in the literature did not investigate the linkage between both

models, either by combining them into one general model or by

selecting any representative solution to proceed from one model to

another. This work introduces an integrated two-step framework to

optimize both designs while investigating the reasonable network

configuration selection from the hydraulic design view before

proceeding to the water quality design. The framework is mainly based

on a modified version of the multi-objective particle swarm

optimization algorithm. The algorithm’s first step is optimizing the

hydraulic design of the network by minimizing the system’s capital

cost while maximizing the system’s reliability. The second step targets

optimizing the water quality design by minimizing both the total

consumed chlorine mass and the accumulated differences between

actual and maximum chlorine concentrations for all the network

junctions. The framework is applied to Safi Network in Yemen. Three

scenarios of the water quality design are proposed based on the

selected decision variables. The results show a superior performance

of the first scenario, based on optimized 24-h multipliers of a chlorine

pattern for a flow-paced booster station, compared to the other

scenarios in terms of the diversity of final solutions (Torkomany et.al.,

2015).

Optimum Reliable Design of Water Distribution Systems

Using Particle Swarm Optimization Considering Pumping Power

and Tank Siting

Design of water distribution systems is commonly performed

using design guidelines which often rely on designers' expertise.

Determination of the required pumping power and the size and

location of storage tanks, according to the network layout and the

available diameters, is not a trivial task. The difficulty of optimizing

such systems arises from applying non-uniform demand patterns

along the one-day operation accompanied by the different constraints

to satisfy the large fluctuations in pressure heads and flow velocities,

the dilemma between choosing to reduce the cost of constructing and

operating the network or to increase its resilience and the complex

relationship between the pumping power and the size, bottom

elevation and location of storage tanks. In this study, a general multi-

objective optimization framework is developed to get the optimum

diameters, pumping power and storage tank locations and bottom

elevations to minimize the cost while maximizing the resilience using a

combination of the Particle Swarm Optimization technique and

EPANET software. The objective function of the optimization is

obtained from combining the cost and resilience using a

transformation function. The proposed framework is applied to Safi

town network in Yemen and the results prove the success of

performing the developed framework (Torkomany,et.al.,2016).

An Integrated BIM–GIS Method for Planning of Water

Distribution System

An important function of a water distribution system (WDS) is to

supply drinking water to each demand point using a pipe network

that has minimal impact on the surroundings. To produce a reliable

WDS, planning usually requires a significant amount of geo-spatial

information. Current planning practices for pipeline systems, which

gather geographic information based on maps, are time-consuming

and cumbersome. With the rapid developments in computer and

information technology, it is necessary to propose a new WDS

planning method that enhances the current planning practices and

facilitates the decision-making process. The proposed method allows

project information in building information modeling (BIM) to be

incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS) model, using

semantic mapping to incorporate WDS project data and geo-spatial

information to facilitate the WDS planning process. Moreover, a 3D

visualization model of the proposed WDS project and its surroundings

is provided. In addition, topological rules are set to identify any

conflicts between the WDS project and its surroundings. A real WDS

project was used to validate the method. The proposed method can

help project participants better understand the WDS project and its

surroundings and identify any errors in the planning process, thus

improving sustainable development.(Zhao,et.al.,)

 METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methods used to conduct this

research and achieve its objectives. Included are the methods to be

used, source data, data gathering instrumentation, and procedures.

Methods to be Used

The method to be use in the study is a quantitative research

that consist of water testing such as determining the physical,

chemical and biological. Quantitative research is a data collection

method that uses numeric data to study social, psychological, political

and economic issues.

Source of Data

The study will consider both primary and secondary data. The

primary data sources will be obtained, gathered, and recorded during

the conduct of the study. The data will be collected are the water

quality monitoring and mapping of water source. Furthermore,

secondary data such as the information related to the study will be

gathered through books, internet-based journals and websites of these

related studies.
 Data Gathering Instrument

The following materials and Instruments will be used in order to

gather the data of this study:

1. Mobile phones to take pictures.

2. Calculator will be use to calculate the gathered data.

3. Measuring tape for

Operational Procedure of the Study

WATER QUALITY /
POTABILITY SAMPLING/
EVALUATION

FAIL PASS

ENGINEERING
INTERVATION HOW TO
ELEVATE THE QUALITY DEVELOP WATER
OF THE WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 Data Gathering Procedure

The following are the steps in gathering data:

A letter will be send to the office of Barangay, Imelda for

requesting permission to conduct the study.

After the permission granted, the researchers prepare a a

study, collecting water data to be tested for the laboratory testing.

Evaluation Parameters

1. Physical/Chemical Properties

a. Water

1. Water samples collected for the river and stream or the wetland

program are analyzed for a variety of parameters which may

vary from year to year depending on current program needs and

resources. The laboratory performing the analyses may require

additional special collection procedures for some parameters.

2. Using a sharpie, label each sample container with the date,

time, and site number/name

3. Record lab sample kit number on program-specific Data Sheet,

if available.

4. Collect water samples before stirring up the stream or wetland

bottom, or collect samples upstream of agitated water. For rivers

and streams, collect samples while standing on edge of water or

on a rock. If this is not possible, reach upstream as far as

possible to avoid collecting stirred up water.

5. If sampling trace metals, wear disposable gloves.

6. Avoid touching the inside or lip of the sample bottles or caps.

7. (recommended for soft-sediment and low-flow streams) (a) Use

large, clean container to collect water. (b) Rinse container in

stream water three times. (c) Collect stream water. (d) Fill

smaller containers with water from large container. To ensure

even mixing of sample water, gently swirl water in large

container each time before water is decanted into smaller

container.

8. If sampling trace metals, dispose of gloves in regular garbage.

9. Store and transport samples in cooler with ice.

10. Complete lab chain of custody sheet.

11. Drop off samples at lab at end of day or early the next

morning (store samples in refrigerator overnight) with lab chain

of custody sheet. If any parameters have a short (e.g. 24 hour)

holding time, make sure to deliver the samples within that time

frame.
 LITERATURE CITED

Arjun Kumar, Kankesh Kumar, Bharanidharan B, Neha Matial, Es

hita Dey, Mahan Singh, Vivek Thakur, Sarit Sharma, Neeraj Mal
hotra.DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USINGEPAN
ET retrived on September 2015 from https://www.researchgate.
net/profile/Arjun-Kumar-18/publication/282331598_DESIGN_
OF_WATER_DISTRIBUTION_SYSTEM_USING_EPANET/links/5
60cb13a08ae6c9b0c42cee4/DESIGN-OF-WATER-DISTRIBUTIO
N-SYSTEM-USING-EPANET.pdf.