Biology Grade 12

____ 1. Which nutrient is required for nearly every chemical reaction in every cell in your body?
a. vitamin B6 c. water
b. calcium d. protein
____ 2. Which of the following foods is a good source of lean protein?
a. fish c. potatoes
b. grains d. oranges
____ 3. Which of the following vitamins is vital for maintaining healthy cartilage and bone?
a. vitamin K c. folic acid
b. vitamin C d. B vitamins
____ 4. Which nutrient is your body's main source of energy?
a. animal proteins c. saturated fats
b. carbohydrates d. B vitamins
____ 5. Which of the following types of food should be eaten in limited quantities?
a. fruits c. fats
b. fish d. grains
____ 6. Suppose you were eating an apple. Digestion of the apple would begin in your
a. mouth. c. duodenum.
b. stomach. d. jejunum.
____ 7. Smooth muscle contractions that push food through the digestive system are called
a. peristalsis. c. diffusion.
b. dialysis. d. excretion.
____ 8. Which nutrient is a key component in cell membranes, neurons, and certain hormones?
a. fat c. water
b. iron d. protein
____ 9. What is the function of the structures in Figure 32.2?

a. excretion c. filtration
b. absorption d. digestion
____ 10. The large intestine is one site for the absorption of
a. fiber. c. water.
b. sugars. d. fats.
____ 11. Which phrase best describes absorption?
a. takes up nutrients c. starts in the mouth
b. breaks down fats d. acts mechanically
____ 12. Which of the following functions is performed by the liver?
a. balances fluids c. absorbs sugars
b. produces bile d. distributes fats
____ 13. What is the term for the millions of blood-filtering units inside the kidney?
a. nephrons c. cortexes
b. ureters d. medullas
____ 14. The main role of the skin in the excretory system is to release
a. amino acids and glucose. c. excess water and salt.
b. urea, plasma, and water. d. surplus and .
____ 15. Intestinal villi and microvilli make absorption more efficient by
a. pushing chyme through the small intestine rapidly.
b. increasing the surface area of the small intestine.
c. strengthening the chemical forces working on food.
d. contributing to the rhythmic squeezing of peristalsis.
____ 16. Which fat-soluble vitamin, found in egg yolks, is important for blood clotting?
a. vitamin K c. folic acid
b. vitamin C d. riboflavin
____ 17. Suppose you are eating a piece of cheese pizza. Where would digestion of the pizza begin?
a. mouth c. duodenum
b. stomach d. jejunum
____ 18. Which of the following functions is performed by the kidneys?
a. eliminate solid waste c. maintain proper pH
b. absorb most nutrients d. digest food and water

Short Answer

19. What is the main purpose of the digestive system?

20. What types of mechanical digestion take place in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine?
21. In which of the organs shown in Figure 32.3 does the digestion of protein begin? Name an enzyme that helps
the body digest proteins.

Use the exhibit to answer the questions that follow.

22. Write the name of the structure that stores urine.

23. Structures 1, 2, and 3 make up what part of the kidney?

24. Give two examples of substances removed from the blood by the kidneys.

25. Name and describe a treatment for kidney failure. How often must the treatment be done?

Short Answer
26. Identify the structures labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, and G in Figure 32.3

27. Describe the main difference between chemical and mechanical digestion.

28. In which of the organs shown in Figure 32.3 does the digestion of protein begin? Name two enzymes that aid
in the digestion of proteins.

29. Which three organs produce substances that aid digestion in the small intestine? Predict which meal would
take longer to digest, a meal high in protein or a meal high in carbohydrates. Explain.

Use the exhibit to answer the questions that follow.

30. Identify one medical condition that can lead to kidney failure. Describe how dialysis does the work of the
kidneys.
Biology Grade 12
Answer Section
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. C
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. C
15. B
16. A
17. A
18. C
19. to break down food into energy that can be used by cells
20. chewing and tearing in the mouth; mixing and churning by action of the smooth muscles in the stomach and
small intestine
21. stomach (Also accept D.) Accept any one of the following answers: pepsin, peptidase, trypsin.
22. urinary bladder
23. a nephron
24. Accept any two: glucose, water, sodium (or salt), amino acids, urea, and electrolytes.
25. Accept any one: kidney transplant: donor kidney is implanted into recipient; once mechanical dialysis:
dialysis machine filters blood; at least 3 times a week peritoneal dialysis: lining of patient's abdomen acts as a
blood filter; at least 3 times a week
26. mouth, liver, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine
27. Chemical digestion involves the enzymatic breakdown of food. Mechanical digestion involves the shredding,
grinding, churning, and mixing of food into smaller pieces.
28. stomach (Also accept D.) Accept any two of the following answers: pepsin, peptidase, trypsin.
29. liver, gallbladder, pancreas. A meal high in protein would take longer to digest because enzymatic digestion
of proteins begins in the stomach. Enzymatic and mechanical digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth.
30. Accept any one: diabetes, high blood pressure, infection. Dialysis is a treatment in which a patient's blood is
cleaned and chemically balanced through a mechanical process. A pump pushes blood through a dialysis unit.
Inside the dialysis unit, waste materials diffuse out into dialysis fluid. The blood goes through a bubble trap
and then is returned to the body.