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ULICoSTE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 739 (2021) 012038 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012038

Strategy for the provision of drinking water and

environmental sanitation based on the community in Sidodadi
Village, Pesawaran Regency

G M Wijayanti1, H Yanfika 2, M Asmara1, R Perdana3, A Rahmat4, and A

Mutolib5
1
Urban and Regional Planning Study Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Indonesia
2
Departement of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University, Indonesia
3
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lampung, Indonesia
4
Research Center for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia
5
Study Program of Agribusiness, Postgraduate Program, University of Siliwangi, Indonesia

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. The provision of community-based drinking water and sanitation (PAMSIMAS) is one
of the programs implemented by the government to address environmental sanitation problems.
This study aims to analyze the success strategy of the PAMSIMAS Program, which is measured
based on the success indicators of the PAMSIMAS Program. The research was conducted using a
quantitative approach method in Sidodadi Village Way, Lima District in 2020. In this research
used the snowball sampling technique. This technique is useful for finding, identifying, selecting
and taking samples in a network or chain of relationships. Snowball sampling technique has
strengths and weaknesses in its application. Field research housing sector become the case study to
explain this sampling technique. The analysis used in this study is a SWOT analysis. The results
shows that still have obstacles in several aspects such as the willingness of the community to
participate in the form of input and ideas is still low, coordination between agencies has not been
going well, there is no legal protection for water sources in order to maintain quality and quantity.
The SWOT analysis used aims to formulate a strategic plan so that the PAMSIMAS Program can
be sustainable in the fulfillment of clean water. The results of this study are the identification of
the position of the PAMSIMAS. Program after the EFAS and IFAS calculations are carried out
based on interviews that have been distributed to the implementers of the PAMSIMAS program,
and then proceed with recommendations for priority strategies that will be carried out for the
development of the PAMSIMAS Program.

1. Introduction
Water is a basic need that is needed to improve human life [1], [2]. Clean water is a vital need for
every human being, so its availability determines the community's health and well-being [3], [4].
Clean water is closely related to environmental sanitation. The availability of clean water is influenced
by many things such as forest sustainability, environmental sustainability, technology and climate
change [5], [6], [7], [8].
In connection with these efforts to create community welfare, the Indonesian government is
working with the World Bank to provide clean water and environmental sanitation services in the
PAMSIMAS Program [9], [10]. The PAMSIMAS program is one of the programs implemented by the
Government of Indonesia with the World Bank's support. This program is implemented in rural and
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
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ULICoSTE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 739 (2021) 012038 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012038

suburban areas, aiming to increase the number of facilities for underserved citizens, including low-
income communities in rural and peri-urban areas (Book General Guidelines for the PAMSIMAS
Program, 2015). Based on the Decree of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number:
195 / KPTS / M / 2016 concerning the Designation of Pesawaran District as one of the target districts
for the Phase III PAMSIMAS Program in 2017. As many as 33.4 million people lack clean water, and
99.7 million people lack access to the best sanitation facilities. Data from the Central Statistics Agency
states that access to safe, clean water in Indonesia reached 72.55 percent, while for proper sanitation, it
was 76.37 percent [11].
In 2019, Pesawaran District achieved sustainable access to the safe drinking water of 244,747
people, or 56.76 percent [12]. One of the villages that were the target location for the PAMSIMAS
Program in Way Lima District, Pesawaran District, was Sidodadi Village. The majority of the people
in Sidodadi Village are still in the middle to lower class. This condition can be seen through the
Village Development Index for the Ministry of Rural Affairs in 2019, which states that Sidodadi
Village is a village with underdeveloped status with a Developing Village Index of 0.5889. One
indicator of a village that is said to be underdeveloped is the low access to clean water and
environmental sanitation. The PAMSIMAS program in Sidodadi Village, Way Lima District,
Pesawaran Regency was inaugurated on 29 December 2017 and is still running until now with a total
of 130 KK recipients.
The Program PAMSIMAS is a program implemented in rural and suburban areas, aiming to
increase the number of facilities for underserved citizens, including low-income communities in rural
and peri-urban areas. The PAMSIMAS program is one of the government programs to create a clean
and healthy living community by providing community-based drinking water and environmental
sanitation services [13]. The PAMSIMAS program is a government infrastructure development
program in increasing rural and urban community access to proper drinking water and environmental
sanitation facilities with a community-based approach.
The PAMSIMAS program is a concrete manifestation of infrastructure development that involves
the role of the community. The PAMSIMAS program is expected to increase village income, which
will impact improving the welfare of the village itself. It is hoped that the PAMSIMAS program can
be realized following the original program objectives. However, in reality, not all PAMSIMAS
recipient locations successfully plan, implement, and manage sustainably. During the dry season, the
PAMSIMAS Program used by the community experiences drought and must take turns to get clean
water obtained from the PAMSIMAS Program. Then not all Sidodadi Village people who have limited
access to clean water and sanitation receive the PAMSIMAS Program. The difficulties that arise due
to the lack of adequate drinking water can be immediately felt and impact the health and productivity
of the community. The community is forced to carry out water activities in nearby rivers (River Way
Lima), which are quite far away. The behavior of open defecation in rivers certainly makes
environmental conditions unhealthy. This open defecation behavior is also a habit that is difficult to
break. A solution is needed to overcome this problem) To meet the needs of drinking water in
Sidodadi Village, a PAMSIMAS program strategy is needed as an effort to improve community access
to drinking water and sanitation.

2. Research methods
Research on the success strategy of the PAMSIMAS Program in Sidodadi Village is a quantitative
study. Quantitative research starts from theory, hypothesis, research design, selecting subjects,
collecting data, processing data, analyzing data, and writing conclusions [14]. Quantitative data is data
in the form of numbers, or quantitative data that is assessed (scoring) [15]. So quantitative data is data
that has a tendency to be analyzed by statistical means or techniques. This data can be in the form of
numbers or scores and is usually obtained using data collection tools whose answers are ranges of
scores or weighted questions. This research was conducted in May 2020, the sampling technique used
was snowball. Snowball sampling is an approach to finding key informants who have a lot of
information. Using this approach, several respondents were potential contacted and asked if they knew
any other person with characteristics such for research purposes. Initial contact will help find other
respondents through recommendations. To achieve the research objectives, this technique is supported

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ULICoSTE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 739 (2021) 012038 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012038

also by interview techniques and field surveys. To be able to overcome problems these, the snowball
sampling technique, as a non-probability sampling technique, can be used for data collection to answer
research problems. By using this technique, it is hoped that research will be easier to carry out and
complete.

2.1. Method of collecting data

Interviewing is the process of obtaining information for research purposes by conducting questions
and answers face-to-face between the informant and the interviewer. The interview technique in this
study was to find out information about the success factors of the PAMSIMAS Program in Sidodadi
Village. Interviews will be conducted on key instruments such as the Head of the PAMSIMAS
Program in Sidodadi Village, the Consultant in charge of the PAMSIMAS Program, and the
Community Administering the PAMSIMAS Program in Sidodadi Village. Researchers ask open-
ended questions to key instruments regarding everything related to the success strategy of the
PAMSIMAS Program. Researchers do not limit the answers given by the informants so that the
information obtained is complete and in-depth.

2.2. Data analysis

To find a success strategy for the PAMSIMAS Program in Sidodadi Village, a SWOT analysis is used
which is an analysis used to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in clean water
services so that a service capacity development strategy can be formulated / developed. The process of
calculating and processing data through SWOT analysis is carried out after conducting interviews with
key instruments to produce the necessary information which consists of 4 (four) strategic factors,
namely: Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat. The calculation of the Internal Strategy Factors
Analysis Summary (IFAS) and the External Strategy Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) will be
projected into the cross axes which will determine the position of the PAMSIMAS III Program, which
will then discuss what strategic priorities are needed for the development of the PAMSIMAS III
Program in Sidodadi Village.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. Analysis of internal strength conditions

Strengths
 PAMSIMAS program water quality that meets health standards has a weight of 0.2 and a rating of
four. The water quality of the PAMSIMAS program has been tested. Affordable fees are a factor
that has a weight value of 0.2 and a rating of three. The monthly fee for the PAMSIMAS program
is more affordable compared to the fees for other programs, such as PDAM and others; it meets
health standards;
 The level of community participation is high enough in terms of program maintenance has a weight
of 0.3 and a rating of three. As well as the great benefits felt by the community, it makes the
community feel responsible for this program;
 The performance of the PAMSIMAS Program management body is already good because the
human resources that manage the PAMSIMAS Program in Sidodadi Village are good enough.
 The high level of community satisfaction with the PAMSIMAS program is a factor that has a
weight of 0.1 and a rating (three). This is because this program answers the needs of the
community.

Weakness
 The water continuity of the PAMSIMAS program is not yet 24 hours, rating this factor is 2 (two).
Frequent machine breakdowns which cause obstruction of the PAMSIMAS program operations
 The lack of knowledge transfer regarding various aspects of governance to society is an internal
factor (weakness) which has a rating of three.

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ULICoSTE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 739 (2021) 012038 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012038

 Good inter-agency ordination is one of the strategic internal factors (weaknesses) which has a
rating of three.
 There is no legal protection for water sources to maintain the quality and quantity of water. The
PAMSIMAS program is an internal strategic factor (weakness) that has a rating of two.
 The willingness of the people of Sidodadi Village to participate in the form of ideas is still very
low because most of the community has an elementary to junior high school education, so there is
minimal in-depth knowledge.

3.2. Analysis of external opportunity conditions

Opportunity
 There is supervision by the Health Office on water quality. The PAMSIMAS program has a rating
of four. This is due to the supervision carried out by the office every 6 (six) months;
 The existence of community service as local wisdom in maintaining and utilizing the PAMSIMAS
program has a second rating. This means that this factor is not very strong
 There is a desire of the community to make PAMSIMAS managed as a village-owned enterprise
(BUMDES) with a rating of three. This is so that the people of Sidodadi Village can feel the
utilization directly and maximally;
 There is support from Pokja (Working Group). The national and provincial water and sanitation
working groups have a second rating. This is because most of the PAMSIMAS Program managers
at the village level are not aware of any interference from the provincial side
 The PAMSIMAS Program which can be used as a forum for activities participating has a rating of
four. This is because the benefits of this program are felt directly by the community and make the
people of Sidodadi Village

Threat
 Government intervention in planning and implementing activities is still dominant, which is a
strategic external threat that has a second rating. This is because at the planning and
implementation stages the role of government is very dominant;
 Frequent droughts due to long drought are one of the external strategic factors that have a rating of
(three) opportunities. This is because Sidodadi Village is a village where drought often occurs but
does not interfere with the operation of the PAMSIMAS Program.
 The concept of empowerment which is charity has a second rating. This can be a threat if the
community in Sidodadi Village is reluctant to participate so that this concept is a threat if it
continues to be developed;
 The amount of water that cannot meet the needs of the community if you want to subscribe to
PAMSIMAS continues to increase to a rating of three. According to the head of the Sidodadi
Village PAMSIMAS Program, it is necessary to add more new water sources to cover the larger
needs of the community;
 Low feedback and follow-up on the results of monitoring and performance evaluation has a rating
(three). This is because the evaluation and monitoring so far according to the results of interviews
with the Head of PAMSIMAS, Sidodadi Village have never been carried out. So there is
monitoring but not overall, such as only monitoring related to water quality by the Health Office

From the results of the evaluation of external and internal factors, the total value can be seen
Weight of all factors, as follows:
1. The total weight value of strength is 3.3.
2. The total weight value of weaknesses is 2.6.
3. The total weight value of opportunities is 3.1.
4. Total weight value of threats is 2.5.

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ULICoSTE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 739 (2021) 012038 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012038

Figure 1. Position of the Success Quadrant of the PAMSIMAS Program

Based on Figure 1, the success of the PAMSIMAS program is Quadrant I. Quadrant I is obtained
because the value of internal factors (IFAS) and external factors (EFAS) is positive. The value for the
external factor was 0.7 (Strength- weakness / 3.3-2.6 = 0.7) and the value for the external factor was
0.6 (Opportunities-Threats / 3.1-2.5 = 0.6). This position signifies a strong and likely organization.
The strategic recommendation given is Progressive, meaning that the organization is in prime and
steady condition so that it is possible to continue to expand, increase growth and achieve maximum
progress [16], [17], [18]. In this position, the strategy recommendation that can be taken is an
aggressive strategy, also known as a development strategy. Potential development in the Sidodadi
Village PAMSIMAS Program can be carried out by taking into account the objectives of the
PAMSIMAS Program as a whole and comparing them with the current service conditions coupled
with directions for the development of services and water supply in Sidodadi Village.
Based on the quadrant position of the clean water service capacity development strategy and the
SWOT Analysis Matriculation, an aggressive strategy or also known as a development strategy is
implemented to develop the capacity of clean water services. The formulation of a strategy for
developing the capacity of clean water services in Sidodadi Village is as follows:
1) Utilizing the potential of existing raw water sources, both quantity and quality, to be used as a
source of raw water for the people of Sidodadi Village;
2) Safeguarding and safeguarding raw water in order to maintain the quantity and quality, especially
in areas constituting raw water source areas by means of integrated watershed management;
3) Improving service quality, Utilizing existing idle capacity / excess production capacity by
optimizing service areas that have not been served by connections but already available piping
networks;
4) Developing service coverage. Judging from the drinking water production capacity in Sidodadi
Village, it turns out that by 2020 the existing capacity is still sufficient to meet the clean water
needs of the Sidodadi Village community and this is a potential that can be utilized as well;
5) The PAMSIMAS Program Manager can expand the scope of its services to a wider area, namely
covering the entire Sidodadi Village that has not been served by clean water.
6) The PAMSIMAS Program Manager coordinates with relevant parties such as the Legislative, the
PU service, the Bappeda office and the provincial government to develop the PAMSIMAS
Program so that it can become BUMDES and its benefits are felt by the community;
7) Improve and maintain pipelines. The age of the pipe network that is old causes leaks in the
distribution of clean water; Improved supporting facilities and infrastructure, Utilizing the

5
ULICoSTE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 739 (2021) 012038 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012038

topography of the area adjacent to the Way Lima river water source optimizing the distribution
pump performance system;
8) Infrastructure improvement, infrastructure improvement aims to improve the quality of service to
the community so that customers are satisfied. Customer satisfaction is one of the trigger factors
to increase the collection of fees, because if customers are satisfied with the service they will be
willing to pay, as happened in the sample of Sidodadi Village. Customer satisfaction is a part of
internal factors that can support the sustainability of the supply system in rural areas [19], [20].
Service improvements can be done with independent funds or by maximizing the government's
commitment to financing the water supply system and environmental sanitation.
9) Conduct training not only for managers but for the community to be involved to improve the
quality and capacity of the people of Sidodadi Village. The training is used as a means to add
information and knowledge to managers about the procedures for managing clean water supply in
rural areas;
10) The formation of a supervisory body, the formation of a supervisory body must have members
from community representatives to oversee the management of clean water supply and have
broad access to all regarding management. So that this supervisory body can supervise
management and provide advice to managers so that management can develop properly,
effectively and efficiently. In addition, the existence of a supervisory body becomes an arena for
increasing community participation and increasing public trust in the manager;
11) Increasing community participation, the participation of the community as a whole is good
because they have been involved or involved from the early stages of planning the development
of a clean water supply system. So that community participation can still be maintained, it can be
done by holding regular meetings between managers and the community so that in these meetings
the managers can be used as a place for performance reporting including financial reports as well
as being used as a basis for asking people to pay dues regularly. For the community, this event is
a place to provide constructive criticism and suggestions;
12) The addition of house connections, with the addition of house connections, the more people who
receive the benefits of providing clean water in rural areas directly and can increase financial
income for the manager.

4. Conclusion
Based on the analysis, it is known that the success of the PAMSIMAS. The strategic recommendation
given is Progressive, meaning that the organization is in the prime and steady condition so that it is
possible to continue to expand, increase growth and achieve maximum progress. In this position, the
strategy recommendation that can be taken is an aggressive strategy, also known as a development
strategy. Potential development in the Sidodadi Village PAMSIMAS Program can be carried out by
taking into account the PAMASIMAS Program's objectives as a whole and comparing them to the
current service conditions coupled with directions for the development of services and water supply in
Sidodadi Village.

5. Recommendation
1. The community must increase awareness of the importance of clean water through the
PAMSIMAS program and this must be balanced by managers from both the village and local
governments, because PAMSIMAS is a self-supporting program so that the government must be
more able to move people to be motivated to do self-help in the PAMSIMAS Program.
2. Training intended for the community is expected to be of higher quality, special techniques are
needed in the transfer of knowledge of the PAMSIMAS Program to the community, both on
program implementation and on the management of drinking water facilities so that people
understand the program better and are able to manage sustainability programs independently

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ULICoSTE 2020 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 739 (2021) 012038 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012038

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