It is a natural 

process for animal species to become extinct (e.g. Dinosaurs,

dodos …) There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from
happening.

Do you agree or disagree?

Some people believe that there are no compelling reasons for us to protect
animal species from extinction as it occurs naturally. I personally disagree with
this conviction and will support my argument in the essay below.

It is true that millions of years ago, many ancient species of animals, such as
dinosaurs, were wiped out due to a gradual shift in climate and changing sea
levels, according to some hypotheses. However, these environmental factors are
not the primary contributor to the disappearance of certain species nowadays.
Industrial activities have been devastating the natural habitats of
wildlife and disturbing the food chain, causing the mass extinction of countless
species. The increased demand for goods made from animals’ products, such as
skins and horns, also leads to the rampant poaching of wild, endangered
animals, rhinos for instance. In this regard, humans are held accountable and
should do what is needed to rectify the situation.

Other justifications for saving wild animals involve the significant roles that
they play in not only the balance of the ecosystem but also our lives. Everything
in nature is connected, and if one species becomes extinct, many other animals
and even plants will suffer as the food chain is disrupted. Wild animals also
have great aesthetic and socio-cultural values. They contribute to our rich bio-
diversity that makes this planet a beautiful place. In numerous places around the
world, many types of animals play an important role in different cultures. For
example, in some religions, cows are revered and worshiped as gods.

The disappearance of many animal species does not always occur as a natural
process but as a consequence of our doings. It is our obligation to help preserve
wild animals because their extinction will have a severe influence on many
important aspects of our lives.
Phân tích bài Problem - Solution

1. Xác định và phân tích câu hỏi

Dưới đây là một số ví dụ về các câu hỏi của dạng bài Problem & Solution

Ex1: Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems. Identify one

or two serious ones and suggest ways that governments and individuals can
tackle these problems.

Ex2:  Nowadays many people have access to computers on a wide basis and a

large number of children play computer games. What are the negative impacts
of playing computer games and what can be done to minimize the bad effects?

Ex3: The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed,
but it has also created problems that did not exist before. What are the most
serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you
suggest?
  
Để phân tích đề bài, ta phải nắm được các yếu tố sau: 

- Keywords: thể hiện chủ đề lớn của bài viết

- Micro Keywords: khoanh vùng chủ đề của bài viết

- Instruction words: thể hiện yêu cầu của đề bài

Example:

Đề bài: Global warming is one of the one of the biggest threats human face in
the 21st Century and sea levels are continuing at the alarming rates. What
problems are associated with this and what are some possible solutions.

- Keyword: global warming

- Micro Keywords: human, sea level rise

- Instruction words: problems, solutions

2. Khai triển ý

Khi đã nắm được yêu cầu của đề bài, chúng ta cần lập dàn ý để viết bài. Để có ý
thật tốt đưa vào bài viết, các bạn cần phải trả lời những câu hỏi sau:

- What the problems are? - Vấn đề là gì?

- How you will explain them? - Giải thích cụ thể về vấn đề?

- What the effects are? - Tác động của vấn đề là gì?

Hãy tưởng tượng rằng chúng ta đang ngồi nói chuyện với bạn bè về chủ để này
và chắc hẳn các bạn sẽ lập tức có 2,3 vấn đề của chủ đề này. Như vậy khi vào
trong phòng thi, các bạn sẽ không bị áp lực và có thể triển khai ý một cách
nhanh nhất.

Example:

The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but
it has also created problems that did not exist before. What are the most serious
problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you suggest?

- Problem 1: Children can access potentially dangerous site

- Explanation 1: Pornography sites

- Effect 1: Affects thought & development - negative for children & society

- Problem 2: Growth of online fraud and hacking

- Explanation 2: Evident from the constant new stories

- Effect 2: Criminals get sensitive information

3. Cấu trúc làm bài 

Cũng như các dạng bài khác trong Writing Task 2, dạng bài Problem &
Solutions bao gồm 4 đoạn như sau:

Paragraph 1: Introduction
Paragraph 2: Problems

Paragraph 3: Solutions

Paragraph 4: Conclusion

Paragraph 1: Introduction – Mở bài

- Sentence 1: Paraphrase the question

- Sentence 2: Outline sentence

Các bạn nên nhớ trong dạng bài Problems & Solutions chúng ta không cần phải
đưa Thesis Statement bởi vì câu hỏi của dạng bài này không yêu cầu chúng ta
phải đưa ý kiến của bản thân mình. Tuy nhiên nếu như gặp đề bài yêu cầu đưa ý
kiến thì các bạn cũng nên cho Thesis Statement nhé.

Example:

Question: Global warming is one of the biggest threats humans face in the 21st
Century and sea levels are continuing to rise at alarming rates.

Paraphrased: Climate change is among the principal dangers facing people

this century and ocean levels are increasing dramatically.

Outline: This essay will first suggest that the biggest problem caused by this
phenomenon is the flooding of homes and then submit building flood protection
as the most viable solution. 

Paragraph 2: Problems- Vấn đề

 Sentence 3: State problem

 Sentence 4: Explain what problem is
 Sentence 5: What is the result of this problem
 Sentence 6: Example

Example:

State problem: The foremost problem caused by climbing sea levels is the

flooding of peoples’ residences.
Explain: Millions of people all over the world live in coastal areas and if the
sea rises by even a few feet, they will be inundated with water and lose their
property.

Result: Shelter is one of the most basic of human needs and widespread

flooding would cause millions of people to become homeless, not to mention
losing all of their possessions.

Example: The devastation brought about by widespread flooding was clear for

all to see during the 2011 Tsunami in Japan, in which millions of people were
displaced.

Paragraph 3: Solutions – Giải pháp

 Sentence 7: State solution

 Sentence 8: Explain how the solution will solve the problem
 Sentence 9: Example

Example:

State solution: A possible solution to this problem would be to build flood

barriers.

Explain solution: Flood defences, such as dikes, dams, and floodgates, could

be built along coasts and waterways, thereby stopping the water reaching
populated areas.

Example: The Netherlands is one of the most populated areas in the world and
also one of the most vulnerable to flooding and they have successfully employed
various flood defence systems.

Paragraph 4: Conclusion- Kết luận

 Sentence 10: Summary of main points in paragraphs 2 and 3

 Sentence 11: Prediction or recommendation

Trong đoạn thân bài, chúng ta không cần đưa thêm ý nào mới nữa mà chỉ cần
tóm lược lại những gì đã trình bày trong phần thân bài.
Ngoài ra các bạn cũng có thể đưa thêm dự đoán (prediction) hoặc lời khuyên để
kết thúc bài viết của mình.

Example:

Conclusion: To conclude, stemming the rising tides caused by increasing

global temperatures is one of the foremost challenges we face and it will
ultimately lead to many of the worlds’ cities being left underwater, but a
possible solution could be to utilise the flood prevention techniques already
used by countries like Holland.

Prediction: It is predicted that more and more countries will be forced to take
such measures to avoid a watery catastrophe.

Đề bài:

In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining.

Why do you think it is happening?

How to solve this issue?

Type: Cause - Solution

Topic: Environment

Bài mẫu hoàn chỉnh:

In recent decades, there has been a significant decrease in the population of

animals and plants  in different parts of the world.  This essay serves to give an
insight into the reasons behind this alarming change and several solutions to
deal with it.

The decline in the number of flora and fauna can be associated with certain
factors. Firstly, due to the ever increasing world’s population as well as the
growing demand for transportation, there has been a remarkable increase in
CO2 emissions. Consequently, global warming, where the temperatures of the
Earth go up noticeably, has become a pressing issue. This results in a number of
natural disasters, namely tsunami, earthquake, drought or violent storms,
destroying animals and plants’ habitats and forcing them into extinction.
Secondly, the problem of illegal poachers and loggers in many regions of the
world is also alarming. For financial gains, they often kill a large number of
animals and cut down trees on a large scale, especially exotic species, which
contributes to the decline in wildlife populations.

There are a few actions that could be taken in order to alleviate the problem. In
order to reduce the amount of carbon emissions from private vehicles, such as
cars and motorbikes, it is vital that the government encourages its citizens to use
public transportation. As a result, it would lift the heavy burden off the
worsening climate and therefore help protect natural habitats where animals and
plants reside. Furthermore, it is crucial to raise the public’s awareness of the
importance of environmental protection and habitat conservation, which play an
important role in preserving the population of animals and plants. To do this,
schools should offer more courses and lessons related to protecting the
environment and ecosystem, so young generations could be mindful in their
daily activities and are motivated to participate in environmental and wildlife
conservation campaigns. All such efforts will eventually contribute to
maintaining and even increasing wildlife populations in the future.

To conclude, the declining number of animals and plants is mainly due to

harmful emissions from vehicles and unlawful poaching and logging. To
mitigate the issue, it is important to motivate people to take public
transportation and educate youngsters about the importance of protecting the
environment and wildlife, as well as what they can do to help.

Các cấu trúc câu + từ vựng:

- There has been a/an + adj + N + in S: Đã có một sự + tính từ + danh từ + trong

chủ điểm

Ex: There has been remarkable increase in the number of cars in Hanoi

-> Đã có một sự tăng mạnh trong số lượng xe ô tô ở Hà Nội

- This essay serves to give an insight into sth: Bài luận này nhằm đưa ra góc
nhìn về một điều gì đó

Ex: I love this book, because it gives me an insight into my country’s economy

-> Tôi thích quyển sách này, vì nó cho tôi góc nhìn về nền kinh tế đất nước tôi
- Flora & fauna: thực vật và động vật

- Sth has become a pressing / aching issue: Điều gì đó đã trở thành một vấn đề
gây quan ngại

- Alleviate (adj) alleviation (n) làm nhẹ

There are a few actions that could be taken in order to alleviate the problem: Có
một vài hành động có thể được thực thi để làm nhẹ vấn đề này

- It is vital that …: Rất quan trọng rằng

- Reside (v) ở tại, cư trú

- resident (n) cư dân

- residence (n) sự cư trú / khu dân cư

- It is crucial to …: Rất quan trọng để

- Which play an important role in V-ing / N: Điều này đóng vai trò quan trọng
trong việc / hành động gì đó

- Unlawful = illegal (adj): phạm pháp

- Mitigate (adj) = alleviate (adj): làm nhẹ