Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

RECLAMATION LAND OF FORMER ZIRKON MINING

FOR CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION MEDIUM
BY EUCALYPTUS PLANTS

Daya Herawan1, Petrus S. Senas2, Fengky F. Adji3

1Master’sProgram in Natural Resource Management and

Environment, Postgraduate Program,
Palangka Raya University, Palangka Raya;
2Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture,

Palangka Raya University, Palangka Raya;

3Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture,

Palangka Raya University, Palangka Raya, INDONESIA

ABSTRACT

Eucalyptus plants have a promising potential to absorb carbon dioxide in the

reclamation area of the former zircon mining area. Eucalyptus was chosen as a
pioneer plant because it was easy and inexpensive to propagate, plant and maintain.
Selection of land reclamation plants by looking at the characteristics of the land to be
planted, such as information on the physical properties of the soil, soil chemistry,
rainfall, wind, temperature, topography, pests, diseases and animals that exist
around the reclamation site. Research results show that carbon dioxide uptake is
significant in support of its growth.

Keywords: reclamation land, eucalyptus, carbon dioxide, absorption

INTRODUCTION

The use of Eucalyptus (Melaleuca sp.) as a former mining land reclamation

plant on the condition of the sandy soil structure is considered suitable. The
consideration according to Sudaryono (2010) Eucalyptus plants can be classified
into plants that can survive in conditions that are less fertile, with a long dry
climate, resistant to hot air temperatures. This plant can be found from the
lowlands to an altitude of 400 m above sea level, can grow near the beach behind
mangroves, with texture from clay to clay clay, at pH 4-7. Eucalyptus plants are
ideal for growing in dry climates, with a maximum rainfall of 2000 mm per year
with a minimum temperature of 22 ° C and a maximum temperature of 32 °C (3,4).
Eucalyptus plants have a long biological cycle, fast growing, can thrive on soils with

44Vol.6. No.2 (2020) www.actaint.com

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

good or bad draenase, with high salt or acid content, eucalyptus plants can be used
as greening plants on land with a slope of less than 15%. According to Utumo
(2012) Eucalyptus plants can also grow on infertile or barren land that does not
require good growing conditions regarding the soil, can grow well on poor soil, so
that it can be called a pioneer type. This tree sprouts easily from milestones,
therefore although the forest is often damaged by fire, this tree will soon grow back.
Cultivating Eucalyptus members of the guava family (Myrtaceae) is quite
easy. This plant is a formidable species, because it is able to grow in a variety of
land conditions, ranging from rocky dry land with a pH above 7 to heavily textured
lands with pH below 4 such as ex-mining land. Eucalyptus can also grow in both
dry and wetlands. Eucalyptus can compete well with weeds and surrounding
weeds in addition to rich organic matter (Ludang et al., 2007) so that maintenance
costs are low.
Pioneer types require a lot of light and are able to grow on marginal land so
that it is theoretically suitable for open mining land that is open and nutrient-poor
and recommends to use eucalyptus vegetation types including local crops because
it is easy to adapt to marginal local conditions. Good adaptability will reduce the
risk of failure and provide a guarantee of good growth success rather than being
imported from the outside. Besides the eucalyptus vegetation will be used as a
reclamation plant, this plant will grow fast without requiring a high cost, it is
relatively more effective in absorbing water and solar energy and carbon dioxide,
because the acceleration of growth is closely related to the physiological metabolic
process in photosynthesis.
Eucalyptus plant species produce relatively much litter, so it is expected to
quickly decompose and can produce organic matter that forms soil aggregates and
prevents erosion. The eucalyptus litter is expected to play a role in increasing soil
moisture, improving physical, chemical and biological soil properties which can be
used as a medium for growing various microorganisms so that the soil is rich in
organic matter. In the root system, Eucalyptus is able to have a symbiosis with
certain microbes where the roots also support the growth of trees, absorbents and
at the same time transport water and minerals to plants.
Eucalyptus plant as a non-timber forest product commodity has quite
promising potential. Utilization is in sandy soil in the reclamation area of the
former zircon mining area. In this framework, it is necessary to study the potential
of carbon dioxide uptake in eucalyptus plants of different ages for environmental
carrying capacity.

www.actaint.com Vol.6. No.2 (2020) 45

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

REVEGETATION BY EUCALYPTUS PLANTS

The benefits
Eucalyptus plants have been widely used by the people of Indonesia for
various purposes. Eucalyptus is a plant that has a variety of benefits and has long
been used by the people of Indonesia as a material to overcome various kinds of
health problems. Utilization of eucalyptus plants, has long been done by the people
of Indonesia before the existence of technology. Eucalyptus leaves are used to
reduce pain or swelling due to insect bites. Eucalyptus leaves are also extracted or
dried to be used as stamina enhancing ingredients. In addition, eucalyptus plants
at this time began to be widely planted around the yard as a mosquito repellent
because of its distinctive aroma (Rosmawati, 2018).
Eucalyptus plants in West Kalimantan are also widely used by local
communities, such as the bark of Eucalyptus can be used as a cover for cracks or
holes in the boat so that it does not leak and the fruit can be used as herbal
medicine or traditional medicines. In addition, this eucalyptus plant is one of the
types of plants producing essential oils. Essential oils from the Eucalyptus plant
can be obtained from refining eucalyptus leaves. This oil is commonly called
Eucalyptus oil or in international trade is called cajeput oil. Eucalyptus Oil has
many benefits, Eucalyptus oil produced from distillation of Eucalyptus leaves is
efficacious as a skin scrub, insecticide and aroma therapy ingredients. The aroma
of Eucalyptus oil is very distinctive and this oil gives a warm feeling when applied
to the skin. Therefore, the biggest utilization of Eucalyptus oil is carried out in the
pharmaceutical industry, specifically as an ingredient in skin scrubbing, as an
insect repellent and as a body warmer. Furthermore, Eucalyptus oil also has many
benefits as a liniment to reduce swelling and itching due to insect bites, toothaches,
headaches, aches, muscle cramps, flatulence, bruises, to cough mixtures. A number
of studies also prove, this plant has the efficacy of diaphoretic or sweating sweat,
analgesic or pain reliever, disinfectant or germ killer, expectorant or decay of
phlegm and antispasmodics or abdominal pain relievers (Rosmawati, 2018).

Carbon dioxide uptake

Plants have the ability to photosynthesize using carbon dioxide and water as
raw material. Forests are an important carbon sink, forests are also a regulator of
GHG. With the forest as one of the carbon sinks, carbon dioxide levels in the
atmosphere will decrease. But the ability of forests as carbon sinks is diminishing.
The reduced capability of the forest is a result of the decline in forest area caused
by logging, fires, and conversion of forests to settlements, industries and the like
(Sukmawati et al, 2015).

46Vol.6. No.2 (2020) www.actaint.com

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

The presence of CO2 in the atmosphere is part of the carbon cycle. Carbon can
enter other pools through photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the formation of
carbohydrates (C6H12O6) from atmospheric CO2 gas and water molecules (H2O) from
the soil with the help of sunlight and chlorophyll. The results of photosynthesis will
become biomass from plants. In addition to carbohydrates, photosynthesis also
produces oxygen (O2) which is released back into the atmosphere.
Pane et al (2016) carbohydrate metabolic activity related to the absorption of
carbon dioxide by plants, this is related to the formation of carbohydrates in plants
needing carbon dioxide as a raw material through photosynthesis with the
following reactions: 6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
The formation of 1 carbohydrate molecule based on the above photosynthesis
reaction requires 6 molecules of carbon dioxide. Based on this the higher the
carbohydrate mass in plant leaves, the higher the carbon dioxide used by the leaves.
Carbon dioxide absorption per unit time of each plant is different, depending
on the type of plant itself, especially on the leaf morphology. In plants that can live
in environments with low light intensity, the leaves will be larger, thinner, have
larger stomata sizes, fewer leaf numbers, and greater intercellular space.
Conversely, in environments with high light intensity, the leaves will be smaller,
thicker, stomata small and many, also the number of leaves leafier. This is a
response of plant adaptation to the environment to avoid damage to leaf
chlorophyll. The rate of CO2 absorption is also influenced by the age and location of
the leaves. Chlorophyll increases with age and leaf area. When the leaves are still
young, the ability of photosynthesis is relatively low and will continue to increase
until the maximum size. After that the leaves will get older and yellow due to
damaged chlorophyll. The leaves located in the inner canopy also have a low
absorption rate, this is because the leaves do not get enough sunlight.
Potential leaf strands in absorbing carbon dioxide (CO 2) per hour shade
plants from previous data will be obtained potential carbon dioxide uptake per leaf
strand per hour for each type of shade plant. Through the carbon dioxide
absorption potential data, it will be known whether the morphological character,
namely the leaf surface area of each plant, has an influence with the carbon dioxide
absorption potential per hour (Pane et al, 2016).
Pane et al (2016) each shade plant also showed a greater increase in
carbohydrate mass at 12.00-17.00 WIB namely Angsana 27%, Eucalyptus 29.81%
and Mahogany 35.82% compared to 05.00-12.00 WIB ie Angsana 6%, Eucalyptus
21.34% and Mahogany 7.36%. The formation of carbohydrates in the process of
photosynthesis requires light as energy. The light used in this case is sunlight. Thus
the increase in the intensity of sunlight that occurs during the day will also be
followed by an increase in carbohydrate mass which results in an increase in
carbon dioxide needs. The amount of increase in light intensity will be followed by

www.actaint.com Vol.6. No.2 (2020) 47

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

an increase in carbon dioxide uptake for carbohydrate metabolism in the

photosynthesis reaction.
Tran et al (2015) in an article related to carbon stocks in southern Vietnam,
describes their research in primary Melaleuca forests on sandy soils with a
characteristic number of 2,330 plants per ha with average plant height of 14.69 m
and in Melaleuca forests regeneration on sandy soil with a characteristic number
of 10,950 plants per ha with an average plant height of 7.11 m then concluded that
primary Melaleuca forest on sandy soil has a higher carbon density than
regenerated Melaleuca forest, which is 275.98 tonC / ha compared 159.36 tonC /
ha. In sandy soils, the number of plants grows per hectare and the topsoil
contributes most significantly to carbon density.
Pane et al (2016) with an average leaf area of 62.00 cm2 have CO2 absorption
/ hour of 0.96 x10-3 g / cm2 / hour with CO2 / strands / hour absorption potential
of 59.34 x10-3g / strands / hour. Rambaradellangga et al (2018) the ability of
Eucalyptus plants to absorb CO2 of 302.54 (kg / tree / year).

Revegetation of the former zircon mining areas

Revegetation is an effort to repair and restore damaged vegetation through
planting and maintaining activities on land that has been used for forest use. Land
in this case is land used for mining activities. It is also a kind of transferred land
(Murhaini & Ludang, 2020), provision of greenspace (Susilowati et al., 2020), and
plantation of fired land (Prasetyoko et al., 2020).
The reclamation program regulated in Minister of Energy and Mineral
Resources Regulation number 7 of 2014 is revegetation activities, namely
determining the type and number of plants that will be used for reclamation, plant
spacing between trees and the area of land to be replanted.
The first stage of revegetation of mined land must be planted with fast-
growing pioneer plants that are able to adapt quickly to soil conditions. These
pioneering plants have the following requirements for reforestation or reclamation:
1. Has a function as a savior of land and water with growing requirements in
accordance with the conditions of the location, both climate and soil
2. Has a function as land reclamation;
3. Has a wide and deep roots;
4. The results can be obtained in a not too long time;
5. If planted in areas that often rain must have the characteristic of
evaporating water;
6. If planted for dry areas, plants must be selected which have difficult water
vaporizing properties;
7. Growing fast and able to grow in less fertile areas;
8. Not competing in water and nutrient needs with staple crops;

48Vol.6. No.2 (2020) www.actaint.com

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

9. Do not experience deciduous leaves in certain seasons;

10. Not become a host of diseases, resistant to wind and easily destroyed;
11. Plants have good economic prospects and can be utilized later on.

RESEARCH RESULTS

Carbon dioxide uptake in reclaimed land conditions

Hidayati et al (2013) titled Variation of Carbon dioxide (CO 2) Absorption in
Tree Types in "Ecopark", Cibinong and their Relation to Potential Greenhouse Gas
Mitigation shows that there are various variations in the rate of CO 2 assimilation
between tree species. The overall CO 2 assimilation rate ranged from 2.86 to 16.45
μmolm-2s-1. The highest CO2 absorption was Pometia pinnata (16.45 μmolm-2s-
1), followed by Garcinia xanthochymus (11.40 μmolm-2s-1), Syzygium polyanthum
(10.99 μmolm-2s-1), followed by Garcinia xanthochymus (11.40 μmolm-2s-1),
Syzygium polyanthum (10.99 μmolm-2s-1), followed by Garcinia xanthochymus
(11.40 μmolm-2s-1), Syzygium polyanthum (10.99 μmolm-2s-1), Syzygium
polycepaliodes (10, 40 μmolm-2s-1) 89 μmolm-2s-1), and Palaquium obtusifolium
(10.41 μmolm-2s-1). The transpiration rate was recorded between 1.29 μmolm-2s-
1 (Maniltoa grandiflora) and 7.85 μmolm-2s-1 (Euphoria longan). The CO2
assimilation rate is influenced by solar radiation and thus the quantum leaf (Q
leaf), stomatal conductance, and leaf chlorophyll content. Tree species that have
high CO2 absorption characteristics and are efficient in maintaining water balance
(low transpiration rate), are suitable for mitigating greenhouse gases.
Supriadi et al (2013) titled Estimating Carbon Reserves in the Mining
Reclamation Area: Case Study of PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Estimated carbon
stocks are divided into several carbon pools, namely tree biomass, poles and
saplings, and plant biomass and litter. From the results of the study of carbon
stocks in the PTNNT reclamation forest in 2001-2008 it was found that the total
average carbon stock in the three reclamation activities locations (East Timbunan,
Sejorong Timbunan and Tongoloka Timbunan) was 3,965.95 tons of carbon or
34.96 tons of carbon / hectare. In addition, the number of tons of carbon / hectare
affected by plant growth is evidenced by the results of the calculation of carbon
stocks / hectare in 2006, the highest compared to the previous year. This was also
supported by the results of periodic monitoring conducted by PTNNT if the plant
growth in the 2006 planting year was better than the previous year.
Sukmawati et al (2015) entitled The Absorption of Carbon Dioxide in Urban
Forest Plants in Surabaya. The results of this study indicate that the highest CO 2
uptake is found in bintaro plants with a total CO2 absorption of 7.661 mg / 50ml, so
that bintaro is the most effective plant to absorb CO2.

www.actaint.com Vol.6. No.2 (2020) 49

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

Pane et al (2016) titled Potential Carbon dioxide (CO 2) Absorption in the

Shade Trees on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, Pekanbaru City. The sample trees are the
most dominant trees in the green belt on the Soekarno Hatta Road in Pekanbaru.
Trees used in this study were 27 trees, namely 9 angsana (Pterocarpus indicus
Willd.), 9 mahoganies (Swietenia macrophylla King.) And 9 eucalyptuses
(Melaleuca leucadendron L.). The results showed that angsana had the highest
absorption potential of carbon dioxide compared to mahogany and eucalyptus on
Jalan Soekarno Hatta in Pekanbaru.
Franklin et al (2017) titled Absorption of Greenhouse Gases (Greenhouse
Gases) Green Line Vegetation on Jalan Sam Ratulangi Manado. Data obtained by
survey, data analysis using ArcGis. From the research results obtained vegetation
that has the highest CO2 absorption is tamarind trees and corridors in the green
path Sam Ratulangi 2 (District Wanea) planted by trees that absorb the most CO 2.
Pambudi et al (2017) titled Analysis of Plant Carbon dioxide (CO 2)
Absorption in the Puyer Block of the Ranu Pani Region in the Bromo Tengger
Semeru National Park (TNBTS) in 2016. The results showed a total biomass of
146.55 (tons / ha), 211 carbon content, 55 (tons / ha), carbon dioxide absorption
775.69 (tons / ha) and carbon content of 4.47 x 10-8. The highest CO2 uptake was
shown by the Macropanax dispermum (Blume.) O. Ktze tree because the plant
dominated the Puyer block area with an Importance Value Index of 0.67.
Rambaradellangga et al (2018) titled Analysis of the Capability of Green Open
Space in Reducing CO2 and Air Temperature and Their Effects on the Comfort
Levels of Universitas Brawijaya Campus. In the condition of the weekend / RTH
has better air conditions than the condition of the weekday / working day, this is
caused by the high mobility of motor vehicles. On weekday conditions, green space
is still lacking to reduce the burden of CO2 levels.
Fitrada et al (2020) titled The Potential of Urban Forest Vegetation in
Reducing Carbon dioxide (CO2) Emissions in Jambi City. The basal area of the
vegetation of trees in each location was 72.72 m2 / ha for Bagan Pete urban forest,
25.45 m2 / ha in Muhammad Sabki city forest, and 5.12 m 2 / ha for Kenali pine
forest. While the reduction of CO2 from tree vegetation in urban forests at each
location was 41,386 tons / ha / year, 14,482.93 tons / ha / year, 2,916.94 tons / ha
/ year. Based on this study, Bagan Pete urban forest has the highest potential of the
three urban forests owned by the city of Jambi, and the total reduction in carbon
dioxide emissions in the city of Jambi from the presence of existing urban forests is
58,785.87 tons / ha / year.
Some of these studies conclude that the ability of plants to absorb carbon
dioxide (CO2) per hour depends on the type, morphological characteristics of leaf
surface area, measurement time (morning, afternoon and evening), and an
increase in plant carbohydrate mass at 12.00- 17.00 WIB namely Angsana 27%,

50Vol.6. No.2 (2020) www.actaint.com

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

Eucalyptus 29.81% and Mahogany 35.82% compared to 05.00-12.00 WIB namely

angsana 6%, Eucalyptus 21.34% and Mahogany 7.36%.

Plants on reclamation land

Sittadew (2016) titled Mitigation of Degraded Land Due to Mining Through
Revegetation. types of fast growing plants that are commonly used for revegetation
are sea sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), acacia (Acasia mangium, Acasia
crassicarpa), Lamtoro (Leucaena glauca), turi (Sesbania grandiflora), gamal
(Gliricidia sepium). In addition to fast-growing plants, local plants are also an option
for revegetation. Successful revegetation will increase levels of organic matter and
improve nutrient cycles and increase the amount and activity of microbes.
Hirfan (2016) titled Post-Mining Land Reclamation Strategy. For example,
some of the reasons why forests were chosen for reclamation schemes could be
because the slopes formed after the regrading process are still too steep for
agricultural activities, the production of forest timber products is more profitable,
forest plants may be planted only to meet aesthetic aspects, or land status requires
that the former land the mine was replanted with forestry plants.
Setyowati et al (2017) entitled Study of Plant Revegetation Selection for the
Success of Mine Reclamation Land. Tree species selection criteria for ex-mining
land can be seen from: 1) Pioneering local species, 2) Fast growing but does not
require high costs, 3) Produces a large litter and easily decomposed, 4) A good root
system and capable of symbiosis or related reciprocity with certain microbes, 5)
Stimulates the arrival of the seed carrier vector, 6) Easy and inexpensive in
propagation, planting and maintenance. Successful revegetation depends on several
things such as: planting preparation, plant maintenance and plant monitoring.
Oktaria (2017) titled Reclamation and Revegetation Policy of Former Mining
(Case Study of Indonesian Coal Mining) form of post-mining activities
(reclamation) on mining areas that are used no later than one month after there
are no more mining business activities on disturbed land. In addition, it is also
necessary to control post-mining land by combining land improvement, and
selection of the right type of plants, namely with the criteria of local pioneer type
fast growing, resistant to sun exposure, fast decomposition, good root system and
symbiotic with certain microorganisms, easy and inexpensive in propagation, and
plant monitoring.
Nugroho and Yassir (2017) titled Policy on the Success of Reclaiming Post
Coal Mining Land in Indonesia. The results show that there are no regulations that
meet all ecological restoration criteria. All regulations have included rehabilitation
or reclamation obligations as well as evaluations but none of these regulations
contain a ban on the use of invasive plants. The conclusion of this study is the
regulation of post-mining rehabilitation and reclamation in Indonesia is not yet

www.actaint.com Vol.6. No.2 (2020) 51

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

fully in line with the concept of restoration ecology because it only contains some
of the criteria and indicators of ecological restoration so that improvements are
still needed so that post-mining land improvement and restoration can meet the
concept of ecological restoration.
Andriani et al (2018) titled Pioneer Plant Types Found in the Former
Cretaceous Land of the Banjaragung Village, Rengel District, Tuban Regency. This
study obtained 18 types of pioneer plants that grew in the former limestone
quarry land with the highest relative density was Tridax procumbens at 28.15%
and the lowest relative density was Euphorbia hirta and Taraxacum mongolicum at
0.29%. While the highest relative frequency is Waltheria indica by 17.39%. The
highest INP is Tridax procumbens at 41.20%.
Syachroni et al (2018) titled The Growth Power of Pioneer Plants in the Tin
Mining Area in Bakam District, Bangka Belitung Province. The results showed that
the types of plants that were able to live in the former tin mining area were Rubber
with a percentage of life of 31.34%, Acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.) Of 33.64%,
and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) of 35.02%. Based on the results of the analysis
of the research data it was concluded that the pioneer plants most suitable for
reclamation of the Bangka tin mining area were the Sengon plant.
Karyati et al (2018) titled Soil Temperature and Humidity on Post Mining
Revegetation Land at PT Adimitra Baratama Nusantara, East Kalimantan Province.
The results showed that the highest soil temperatures at depths of 10 cm and 20
cm were 27.7ºC and 26.6ºC, respectively, at revegetation at 3 years old. While the
lowest soil temperature in revegetation at 7 years old at a depth of 10 cm and 20
cm respectively was 26.1ºC and 24.9ºC. The highest soil moisture was 87.8% (at a
depth of 10 cm) and 88.0% (at a depth of 20 cm) on revegetation land aged 7 years.
Added, the lowest soil moisture at a depth of 10 cm (81.3%) and 20 cm (81.5%) is in
the revegetation area at 3 years old. Differences in planting age affect microclimate
fluctuations, including temperature and soil moisture at different soil depths.
Kamrullah et al (2019) entitled Evaluation of the Implementation of the
Reclamation of Nickel Ore Mining in PT. Wijaya Inti Nusantara in Laeya Subdistrict,
South Konawe that the success rate of reclamation is 73.8 with the medium category
meaning that reclamation can be accepted but that reclamation improvement is still
needed. WIN is an area of agricultural use of dry land food crops (dry fields) and the
results of the analysis of the cost calculation of the reclamation plan of PT. WIN the
second period of 2015-2019 covering an area of 8.58 hectares requires Rp.
3,291,882,543, - whereas planned by PT. WIN is Rp. 1,980,932,611
Huzeini et al (2019) titled Post-Mining Evaluation Study of PT. Ratu Samban
Mining, Bengkulu Tengah Regency Bengkulu Province provides an overview of the
final post-mining operations, evaluating the performance of PT. Ratu Samban
Mining and provide post-mining recommendations. The data analysis method used

52Vol.6. No.2 (2020) www.actaint.com

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

is the desk study method with the main data being the ESDM Minister Regulation
number 7 in 2014. The results of the post-mining evaluation of PT. Ratu Samban
Mining Based on Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 7 of
2014 it was found that the implementation of post-mining that has been realized
gets a value of 28.57%. This means that it is worth ugly. To return the Mining
Business Permit (IUP) to the Minister, governor, or regent / mayor based on the
provisions of the legislation in force, then the post-mining program can be re-
implemented for 5 years, so that the post-mining program can reach an adequate
value of > 80.
Azim et al (2020) titled Reclamation Planning with revegetation of the
Stockpile at PT. Allied Indo Coal Talawi District, Sawahlunto Municipality, West
Sumatra Province. After land management is complete, cover crops will be planted.
Furthermore, the revegetation process starts from irrigation, digging planting
holes, planting, and maintaining. Based on calculations in the reclamation plan
with revegetation, the direct costs for revegetation reclamation activities in the
Stockpile at PT. Allied Indo Coal is IDR 804,921,900.00. and indirect costs are IDR
173,101,842.00. Then the total cost of reclamation and revegetation at that
location is Rp 978,023,742.00.
Some of these studies conclude that fast-growing plant species as pioneer
plants with growing and maintenance requirements that are still being able to
absorb carbon for revegetation are sea sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), acacia
(Acasia mangium, Acasia crassicarpa), Lamtoro (Leucaena glauca), turi (turi)
Sesbania grandiflora), gamal (Gliricidia sepium). In addition to fast-growing plants,
local plants are also an option for revegetation. Successful revegetation will
increase levels of organic matter and improve nutrient cycles and increase the
amount and activity of microbes.

CONCLUSION

A moderate level of reclamation success rate means reclamation is acceptable

but reclamation improvement is still needed. After land management is complete,
cover crops will be planted. Furthermore, the revegetation process starts from
irrigation, digging planting holes, planting, and maintaining. In addition to the
technical aspects, direct costs for revegetation reclamation activities are crucial.

REFERENCES

1) Andriani, A., H. Kurniahu, dan Sriwulan. 2018. Jenis Tumbuhan

Pioneer iang Ditemukan di Lahan Bekas Tambang Kapur Desa
Banjaragung Kecamatan Rengel Kabupaten Tuban. Prosiding Seminar

www.actaint.com Vol.6. No.2 (2020) 53

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

Nasional Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat III

Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban Tuban, 29 September 2018.
Volume 3:239-242.
2) Azim, F., Yunasril dan H. Prabowo. 2019. Perencanaan Reklamasi
dengan Revegetasi pada Stockpile Di PT. Allied Indo Coal Kecamatan
Talawi, Kotamadya Sawahlunto, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Bina
Tambang Vol. 4 No. 1:92-99.
3) Fitrada, W., R.A. Handikadan, Z. Rodhiyah. 2020. Potensi Vegetasi
Hutan Kota dalam Reduksi Emisi Karbondioksida (CO2) di Kota Jambi.
Biospecies Vol. 13 No. 1:23-28.
4) Franklin, P.J.C., V.A. Kumurur dan R.J. Poluan. 2017. Daya Serap Gas
Rumah Kaca (GRK) Vegetasi Jalur Hijau di Jalan Sam Ratulangi
Manado. Temu Ilmiah Ikatan Peneliti Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia
(IPLBI) 6, B 029-032.
5) Hidayati, N., M. Mansur, T. Juhaeti. 2013. Variasi Serapan
Karbondioksida (CO2) Jenis-Jenis Pohon di “Ecopark”, Cibinong dan
Kaitannya dengan Potensi Mitigasi Gas Rumah Kaca. Buletin Kebun
Raya Vol. 16 No. 1:39-50.
6) Hirfan. 2016. Strategi Reklamasi Lahan Pasca Tambang. Pena Teknik
Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik Vol. 1 No. 1:101-108.
7) Huzeini, A., H. Suhartoyo dan A. Susatya. 2019. Studi Evaluasi Pasca
Tambang PT. Ratu Samban Mining Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah
Provinsi Bengkulu. Naturalis Jurnal Penelitian Pengelolaan
Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, Vol. 8 No. 1:29-38.
8) Kamrullah, M., M. T. Hemon dan H. Syaf. 2019. Evaluasi Pelaksanaan
Reklamasi Lahan Penambangan Bijih Nikel PT. Wijaya Inti Nusantara
di Kecamatan Laeya, Konawe Selatan. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Vol.
4 No. 1:1-12.
9) Karyati, R. O. Putri dan M. Syafrudin. 2018. Suhu dan Kelembaban
Tanah pada Lahan Revegetasi Pasca Tambang di PT Adimitra
Baratama Nusantara, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Agrifor Vol.
17 No. 1:103-114.
10) Ludang, Y., Jaya, A., & Inoue, T. (2007). Microclimate conditions of the
developed peatland in Central Kalimantan. Journal of Applied Sciences,
7(18), 2604–2609. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.2604.2609.
11) Murhaini, S. & Ludang, Y. (2020). Sociological Aspects of Transferred
Land to Settlements in Indonesia. International Journal of Management,
11(3): 247–255.

54Vol.6. No.2 (2020) www.actaint.com

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

12) Nugroho, A.W. dan I. Yassir. 2017. Kebijakan Penilaian Keberhasilan

Reklamasi Lahan Pasca-Tambang Batubara di Indonesia. Jurnal
Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan Vol. 14 No.2:121-136.
13) Oktaria, S. 2017. Kebijakan Reklamasi Dan Revegetasi Lahan Bekas
Tambang (Studi Kasus Tambang Batubara Indonesia). Al-Ard Jurnal
Teknik Lingkungan Vol. 3 No. 1:16-20.
14) Pambudi, P.A., A. Rahardjanto, Nurwidodo, dan Husamah. 2017.
Analisis Serapan Karbondioksida (CO2) Tumbuhan di Blok Puyer
Kawasan Ranu Pani Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TNBTS)
Pada Tahun 2016. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Iii Tahun 2017 “Biologi,
Pembelajaran, dan Lingkungan Hidup Perspektif Interdisipliner”
Diselenggarakan oleh Prodi Pendidikan Biologi-FKIP bekerjasama
dengan Pusat Studi Lingkungan dan Kependudukan (PSLK) Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang, tanggal 29 April 2017. Hlm 277-282.
15) Pane, M.S., D. Yoza dan R. Sulaeman. 2016. Potensi Serapan
Karbondioksida (CO2) pada Pohon Peneduh di Jalan Soekarno Hatta
Kota Pekanbaru. Jom Faperta UR Vol. 3 No 2:1-8.
16) Prasetyoko, I.A., Ludang, Y., Heriamariaty, Embang, A.E. (2020).
Studies on the causes of forest and land fires in the palm oil plantation
in central Kalimantan Province. International Journal of Advanced
Research in Engineering and Technology, 11(5): 164-171.
17) Rambaradellangga, A., N. Herlina dan Ariffin. 2018.Analisis
Kemampuan RTH dalam Mereduksi CO2 dan Suhu Udara Serta
Pengaruhnya Terhadap Tingkat Kenyamanan Kampus Universitas
Brawijaya. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman Vol. 6 No. 10:2482-2490.
18) Rosmawati T. (2018). Inovasi produk virgin coconut cayu putih oil
(VC2PO) berbahan dasar lokal. LP2MIAIN Ambon.
19) Setyowati, Rr. D.N., N.A. Amala dan N.N.U. Aini. 2017. Studi Pemilihan
Tanaman Revegetasi untuk Keberhasilan Reklamasi Lahan Bekas
Tambang. Al-Ard Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol. 3 No. 1:14-20.
20) Sittadew, E.H. 2016. Mitigasi Lahan Terdegradasi Akibat Penambangan
Melalui Revegetasi. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Mitigasi Bencana Vol. 11
No. 2:50-60.
21) Sudaryono. 2010. Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Tanaman Eucalyptus
Kabupaten Buru, Provinsi Maluku. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol.
11 No. 1: 105-116.
22) Sukmawati, T., H. Fitrihidajati dan N. K. Indah. 2015. Penyerapan
Karbon Dioksida pada Tanaman Hutan Kota di Surabaya. Lentera Bio
Vol. 4 No. 1:108-111.

www.actaint.com Vol.6. No.2 (2020) 55

 Acta Scientiae et Intellectus ISSN 2410-9738 (Print), 2519-1896 (Online)

23) Supriadi, B., dan J. S. Adiansyah. 2013. Pendugaan Cadangan Karbon

Areal Reklamasi Pertambangan: Studi Kasus PT Newmont Nusa
Tenggara. Lingkungan Tropis Vol. 7 No.1:1-9.
24) Susilowati, S., Ludang, Y., Sinaga, S. (2020). Design of quality
structures for public greenspace in Palangka raya city. International
Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 11(5):
172-182.
25) Syachroni, S.H., Y. Rosianty dan G.S. Samsuri. 2018. Daya Tumbuh
Tanaman Pionir pada Area Bekas Tambang Timah di Kecamatan
Bakam, Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Sylva Vol. 7 No. 2:78-97.
26) Tran, DB (2015). A study of the carbon stocks of Melaleuca forests in
the coastal regions of Southern Vietnam and South East Queensland
Australia. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at
The University of Queensland in January 2015School of Geography,
Planning and Environmental Management. Unpublished.
27) Utomo, P.M., E. Suhendang, W. Syafii dan B. C. H. Simangunsong. 2012.
Model Produksi Daun pada Hutan Tanaman Eucalyptus (Subsp.
Powell) Sistem Pemanenan Pangkas Tunas. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan
Tanaman Vol. No. 4:195-208.

56Vol.6. No.2 (2020) www.actaint.com