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Public Health
Public Health
PRELIMS_T1
It aims to improve the health of community through 5 STEPS OF PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH
an organized community effort. IN ADDRESSING HEALTH PROBLEMS IN
COMMUNITY
PUBLIC HEALTH:
1. Define the health problem.
Health Promotion
2. Identify the risk factors associated with the
Surveillance
problem.
Monitoring
3. Develop and test community-level
Analysis
interventions to control or prevent the cause
Outbreaks
of the problem.
Disease Promotion
4. Implement interventions to improve the
Communication
health of the population.
Emergency Preparedness
5. Monitor those interventions to assess their
Recovery
effectiveness.
Environmental Health
Research LEVELS OF PREVENTION
Health Promotion
1. Primary Prevention - prevents an illness or
DIVISIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH: an injury from occurring at all, by preventing
exposure to risk factors.
1. Epidemiology
2. Secondary - seeks to minimize the severity
2. Biostatistics
of the illness or the damage due to an
3. Health Services/Health Policy and
injury-causing event once the event has
Management
occurred.
4. Health Administration
3. Tertiary - seeks to minimize disability by
5. Environmental Health
providing medical care and rehabilitation
6. Occupational health
services.
7. Social and Behavioral Health
8. Nutrition PUBLIC HEALTH DEFINITION: MAJOR
CONCEPT
CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH:
1. Health promotion and disease prevention.
It deals with the PREVENTIVE ASPECTS 2. People’s participation towards self-reliance:
of health rather than curative aspects. active and full involvement with people in
It deals with POPULATION LEVEL, rather the decision-making process :
than individual health issues Assessment
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INTRODUCTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH
PRELIMS_T1
The science and art of preventing disease, refers to how a person feels, thinks and act
prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency towards everybody around him. DISEASE -
through organized community effort: failure of the body’s defense mechanism to
cope with forces tending to disturb body
for the sanitation of the environment, control equilibrium.
of communicable diseases,
the education of individuals in personal STAGES OF DISEASE
hygiene, the organization of medical and 1. Pre-Disease stage
nursing services for the early diagnosis and 2. Latent stage (asymptomatic)
preventive treatment of disease and 3. Symptomatic stage
the development of social machinery to
ensure everyone a standard of living RISK FACTORS FOR DISEASE:
adequate for the maintenance of health, so
1. Biologic and Behavioral Factors
organizing these benefits as to enable every
2. Environmental Factors
citizen to realize his birthright of health and
3. Immunologic Factors
longevity(long life).
4. Nutritional Factors
HANLON: 5. Genetic Factors
6. Services, Social Factors and Spiritual
It is dedicated to the common attainment of the Factors
highest level of physical, mental and social well-
being and longevity consistent with available CHANGES IN THE HEALTH SCENARIO
knowledge and resources at a given time and
1. Rapid decline in mortality and morbidity,
place.
but health improvements were slowed down
It holds this goal as its contribution to the during the late 1970’sto the mid 1980’s due
most effective total development and life on to severe economic contraction during the
the individual and this society. (Holistic) period. Infant mortality declined and slowed
down but recovered modestly by late
PURDOM: 1980’s.
It prioritizes the survival of human species, the 2. Steady progress was made towards
prevention of conditions which lead to the control of infectious diseases through.
destruction or retardation of human function and Introduction of chemotherapy such as MDT
potential in early years of life, the achievement of introduced for leprosy Short course
human potential and prevention of the loss of chemotherapy for TB, Praziquantel for
productivity of young adults and those in the middle Schistosomiasis. Adoption of rehydration for
period of life and the improvement of the quality of management of diarrheal diseases.
life especially in later years. 3. The current status of service delivery
infrastructure indicated that preventive
NIGHTINGALE: and Promotive health programs had not
sufficiently covered the population. The
The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to
proportion of medically attended deaths
assist him in his recovery.
showed that 60% did not have reliable
Any individual is capable of reparative access to medical care. There were still
process. pockets of rural and urban areas unserved
and underserved.
HEALTH - person’s physical and psychological 4. The 1980 PHC strategy focused on the
capacity to establish and maintain balance. delivery of maternal and child care
Successful defense of the host against forces that services, control of prevalent diseases,
disturb body equilibrium. nutrition and family planning
ASPECTS OF HEALTH:
Physical health
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INTRODUCTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH
PRELIMS_T1