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  • Mirror

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    Sydney Doroteo
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    A mirror is a highly polished surface that reflects light. There are two main types of images formed by mirrors - virtual images, which do not actually form where they appear, and real images, where the light rays actually intersect. Plane mirrors form upright, virtual images that are laterally inverted compared to the object. Curved mirrors can be concave or convex. Concave mirrors can form real or virtual, upright or inverted images depending on the position of the object, while convex mirrors always form reduced, virtual, upright images. Lenses also refract light to form images, with converging lenses bringing parallel rays to a focus and diverging lenses spreading them out.

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    A mirror is a highly polished surface that reflects light. There are two main types of images formed by mirrors - virtual images, which do not actually form where they appear, and real images, where the light rays actually intersect. Plane mirrors form upright, virtual images that are laterally inverted compared to the object. Curved mirrors can be concave or convex. Concave mirrors can form real or virtual, upright or inverted images depending on the position of the object, while convex mirrors always form reduced, virtual, upright images. Lenses also refract light to form images, with converging lenses bringing parallel rays to a focus and diverging lenses spreading them out.

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    36 views5 pages

    Mirror

    Uploaded by

    Sydney Doroteo
    A mirror is a highly polished surface that reflects light. There are two main types of images formed by mirrors - virtual images, which do not actually form where they appear, and real images, where the light rays actually intersect. Plane mirrors form upright, virtual images that are laterally inverted compared to the object. Curved mirrors can be concave or convex. Concave mirrors can form real or virtual, upright or inverted images depending on the position of the object, while convex mirrors always form reduced, virtual, upright images. Lenses also refract light to form images, with converging lenses bringing parallel rays to a focus and diverging lenses spreading them out.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    Mirror

    •refers to highly polished surface that usually made of glass coated with silver or aluminum on
    one surface.
    • is an object with a surface that has good specular reflection

    Reflection of Light
    • is the bouncing back of light waves when it hits a barrier or boundary of another medium.

    Formation of Images
    Object - is a source of light rays that are to be reflected by a mirrored surface.
    Image - is a visual reproduction of an object formed by a mirror or a lens

    Types of Image
    1) Virtual images - occur when light rays do not actually meet at the image.
    Properties of a Virtual Image
    • No light actually passes at the apparent location of the image.
    • A virtual image is formed at the back of the mirror.
    • It is always upright.
    • It can be enlarged or reduced in size.
    2) Real Images – occur when light rays actually intersect at the image, making them
    appear inverted, or upside down.
    Properties of a Real Image
    • It is formed by the actual intersection of light rays after encountering a mirror.
    • A real image is formed in front of the mirror.
    • It is always inverted.
    • It can be larger or smaller or same size
    Types of Mirrors
    1) Plane Mirror - consists of a flat, two-dimensional surface that reflects the light coming
    from or reflecting off another object.
    Lateral Inversion - means the apparent reversal of the mirror image’s left and right when
    compared with the object.

    Law of Plane Mirrors


    • The image is always the same distance behind the mirror as the object in front of the mirror.
    • The image (I) and the object (O) always line up along the same normal.
    • The image is upright, but left-right reversed.

    Characteristics of a Plane Mirror


    • Distance from object to mirror is equal to the distance from image to mirror
    • Upright
    • Left-Right Reversal
    • Virtual Image

    2) Spherical or Curved Mirror - is a mirror in the form of a slice of a spherical surface

    Concave Mirror
    • A concave mirror is a mirror that is curved inward like the hollow inside of a sphere.
    • Type of Image: Virtual or Real
    • Orientation: upright (erect) or inverted (upside-down)
    • Magnification: magnified (larger), reduced (smaller), same size

    Convex Mirror
    • A convex mirror is a mirror that is curved outward, like the outside of a sphere.
    • Type of Image: Virtual
    • Orientation: upright (erect)
    • Magnification: reduced (smaller)
    Vertex (V) – The point where the mirror crosses the principal axis.
    Radius of curvature (R) – the distance from the center of curvature to the vertex of the mirror;
    it corresponds to the radius of the circle.
    Principal Axis – A line drawn through the vertex, focus and center of curvature of the mirror
    upon which the object rests.
    Center of Curvature (C) – the center of the circle of which the mirror represents a small arc.
    Focus (F) – the point where parallel light rays converge; the focus is always found on the inner
    part of the circle of which the mirror is a small arc; the focus of a mirror is one-half the radius
    focal length (f) – the distance from the focus to the vertex of the mirror.

    Principal Ray - parallel-focus


    Focal Ray - focus parallel
    Chief Ray - center or curvature

    Location 1: Object is beyond the center of curvature


    Image Formed: Between C and F, real, inverted, smaller than the object
    Application: Used in solar cookers

    Location 2: Object at the center of curvature Image


    Formed: At center of curvature, real, inverted, same size of the object
    Application: Used as an erecting mirror in terrestrial telescopes.

    Location 3: Object between the center of curvature and focal point


    Image Formed: Beyond the center of curvature, real, inverted, magnified or larger than the
    object.
    Application: Used in hospitals and clinics to see the internal parts of the body.

    Location 4: Object at the focal point


    Image Formed: No Image

    Location 5: Object between the mirror and the focal point


    Image Formed: Appears behind the mirror, upright, virtual, magnified or larger than the object
    Application: Used as a shaving mirror

    Convex Mirror
    • Convex mirrors are always virtual, upright and smaller than the object.
    Applications of a Convex Mirror
    • Convex mirrors are installed in lift truck operators and large vehicles to prevent collisions.
    • Ceiling dome mirrors are ideal for surveillance in shops, offices and industrial environments.
    • Cab front rear-view mirrors can be used to prevent forklift truck accidents.
    • Portable inspection mirrors can be used for security and safety purposes.
    • is a piece of transparent material, such as a glass or plastic, that is used to focus light and
    form an image.
    Refraction - bending of light as it travels obliquely from one medium to another medium with a
    different optical density.

    Converging Lens

    • is a lens that is thicker at the middle.


    • It is also known a convex lens.
    • A convex lens often is called a converging lens because when surrounded by material with a
    lower index of refraction it refracts parallel light rays so that the rays meet at a point.

    Diverging Lens
    • is a lens that is thinner at the middle than the edges.
    • It is also known a concave lens.
    • A concave lens often is called a diverging lens because when surrounded by material with a
    lower index of refraction rays passing through it spreading out.

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