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17. State the effect of the granting of a new trial.

Are provisional or
auxiliary remedies in civil actions applicable in criminal cases? If so,
when may the plaintiff in a criminal action avail of said remedies?

in all cases, when a new trial or reconsideration is granted, the


original judgment shall be set aside or vacated and a new judgment
shall be rendered accordingly.

the provisional remedies in civil actions (attachment,


garnishment, replevin, support pendente lite, receivership, notice of
pendency, and temporary injunctions such as temporary restraining
orders or preliminary injunctions), insofar as they are applicable, may
be availed of in connection with the civil action deemed
instituted with the criminal action.

the provision remedies in civil action may be availed of by the plaintiff


in a criminal action when the criminal action is one with a
corresponding civil liability. if there is a civil liability, the civil action
must be one arising from the offense charged and which is instituted
in the said criminal action.

hence, if the civil action has been waived, reserved or instituted


separately, a provisional remedy may not be availed of in the criminal
action. instead, the provisional remedy should be applied for in the
separate civil action instituted.

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- motion for new trial or reconsideration must be filed before the


judgment of conviction becomes final. once final, pleas for new
trial or reconsideration can no longer be entertained. must be filed
within the reglementary period of 15 days from promulgation (to
be resolved by the court within 10 calendar days from submission)

Grounds for new trial


1. that errors of law have been committed during the trial
2. that irregularities prejudicial to the substantial rights of the
accused have been committed during the trial
3. that new and material evidence has been discovered

Requisites for newly-discovered evidence


1. the evidence must have been discovered after the trial
2. it could not have been previously discovered and produced at
the trial even with the exercise of reasonable diligence
3. it is new and material evidence
4. if introduced and admitted, it would probably change the
judgment

Grounds for reconsideration


1. errors of law in the judgment which requires no further
proceedings, and
2. errors of fact in the judgment which also requires no further
proceedings.

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