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  • Answers - Worksheet 1

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    Shiyang Cai
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    1) The document contains worked solutions to exercises involving matrix operations such as multiplication, inversion, determining if a matrix is symmetric, and solving matrix equations. 2) Key steps include showing that diagonal matrices commute with other matrices depending on whether the resulting product is symmetric, and finding values for the diagonal entries of a matrix such that a matrix equation is satisfied. 3) Examples are provided of decomposing a matrix as a sum of an upper triangular matrix and another matrix, as well as expressing one matrix as a product of other matrices.

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    1) The document contains worked solutions to exercises involving matrix operations such as multiplication, inversion, determining if a matrix is symmetric, and solving matrix equations. 2) Key steps include showing that diagonal matrices commute with other matrices depending on whether the resulting product is symmetric, and finding values for the diagonal entries of a matrix such that a matrix equation is satisfied. 3) Examples are provided of decomposing a matrix as a sum of an upper triangular matrix and another matrix, as well as expressing one matrix as a product of other matrices.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    9 views3 pages

    Answers - Worksheet 1

    Uploaded by

    Shiyang Cai
    1) The document contains worked solutions to exercises involving matrix operations such as multiplication, inversion, determining if a matrix is symmetric, and solving matrix equations. 2) Key steps include showing that diagonal matrices commute with other matrices depending on whether the resulting product is symmetric, and finding values for the diagonal entries of a matrix such that a matrix equation is satisfied. 3) Examples are provided of decomposing a matrix as a sum of an upper triangular matrix and another matrix, as well as expressing one matrix as a product of other matrices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 3

    Answers Worksheet 1

    Exercise 1:
    −7 −10 31 0 −3
    1) [ ] 8) [ ]
    −9 −16 16 0 −4

    2) −14 1 −13 −2
    9) [ 4 16 −3]
    1 0 3 −4 0 −5
    3) [4 0 12]
    0 0 0 10) Undefined
    0
    4) [8] 6 3
    8 11) [4 −1]
    4 20
    −17 −10
    5) [−10 −5 ] −24 −10 12
    2 4 12) [ 3 −10 0 ]
    60 20 −16
    12 7
    6) [ ]
    23 23

    −520 5300
    7) [ ]
    3770 1880

    Remark: Note that in examples 11) and 12) the matrix multiplication involves a diagonal
    matrix which is especially easy to compute.

    Indeed, to multiply a matrix 𝐴 on the left by a diagonal matrix 𝐷, we must multiply


    successive rows of 𝐴 by the successive diagonal entries of 𝐷 and to multiply a matrix 𝐴 on
    the right by a diagonal matrix 𝐷, we must multiply successive columns of 𝐴 by the
    successive diagonal entries of 𝐷.
    6 11 −15
    Exercise 3: 𝐴. 𝐵 = [0 3 2 ] is upper triangular matrix.
    0 0 −1
    Exercise 4: 𝑎 = 11, 𝑏 = −9, 𝑐 = −13.

    Exercise 5: 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −1.

    1
    Answers Worksheet 1

    Exercise 6:

    a) Invertible b) Not invertible because c) Not invertible because


    𝑎44 = 0 the matrix is not
    square matrix
    Exercise 7:

    a) They don’t commute because the given resulting product is not symmetric.
    b) They commute because the given resulting product is symmetric.

    Exercise 9:
    3𝑎11 5𝑎12 6𝑎13 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 3 0 0
    [3𝑎21 5𝑎22 6𝑎23 ] = [𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 ] . [0 5 0]
    3𝑎31 5𝑎32 6𝑎33 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 0 0 6

    Exercise 10:
    2 −1/2 9/2 0 −1/2 1/2
    𝐴 = [−1/2 3 −1/2] + [ 1/2 0 3/2]
    9/2 −1/2 1 −1/2 −3/2 0

    Exercise 11:

    Recall: To prove that a matrix 𝐴 is symmetric we should prove that 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴.

    a) (𝐴2 )𝑇 = (𝐴. 𝐴)𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 . 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴. 𝐴 = 𝐴2 . Hence, 𝐴2 is symmetric.


    b) (2𝐴2 − 3𝐴 + 𝐼3 )𝑇 = 2(𝐴2 )𝑇 − 3𝐴𝑇 + 𝐼3 𝑇 = 2𝐴2 − 3𝐴 + 𝐼3 . Hence 2𝐴2 − 3𝐴 + 𝐼3
    is symmetric.

    Exercise 12:
    𝑎11 0 0
    Let 𝐴 = [ 0 𝑎22 0 ]. Then
    0 0 𝑎33
    2
    𝑎11 − 3𝑎11 − 4 0 0
    𝐴2 − 3𝐴 − 4𝐼 = [ 0 2
    𝑎22 − 3𝑎22 − 4 0 ].
    2
    0 0 𝑎33 − 3𝑎33 − 4

    The above matrix expression must be equal to zero matrix. Thus, every diagonal entry
    must be equal to zero:

    2
    Answers Worksheet 1

    2
    𝑎11 − 3𝑎11 − 4 = 0 → (𝑎11 − 4)(𝑎11 + 1) = 0 → 𝑎11 = 4 or 𝑎11 = −1
    2
    {𝑎22 − 3𝑎22 − 4 = 0 → (𝑎22 − 4)(𝑎22 + 1) = 0 → 𝑎22 = 4 or 𝑎22 = −1
    2
    𝑎22 − 3𝑎22 − 4 = 0 → (𝑎33 − 4)(𝑎33 + 1) = 0 → 𝑎33 = 4 or 𝑎33 = −1

    The possible eight diagonal matrices that satisfy 𝐴2 − 3𝐴 − 4𝐼 = 0 are


    4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 −1 0 0 −1 0 0
    [0 4 0] , [0 4 0 ] , [0 −1 0 ] , [0 −1 0] , [ 0 4 0] , [ 0 −1 0],
    0 0 4 0 0 −1 0 0 −1 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 4
    −1 0 0 −1 0 0
    [ 0 4 0 ] , [ 0 −1 0]
    0 0 −1 0 0 −1
    Exercise 13:

    2 4 −3 1 0 0 2 4 −3
    1) [6 1 5 ] = [3 1
    2
    0] [0 −11 14 ]
    61
    0 2 3 0 − 1 0 0
    11 11
    1 0 0 4 3 2
    4 3 2 1
    2) [1 −3 2] = [ 4 1 0] [0 − 4 2 ]
    15 3
    1 2
    2 −1 4 1 0 0 2
    2 3

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