Viral Gastroenteritis MCB
Viral Gastroenteritis MCB
LECTURER: DR IWU J.
GROUP PRESENTATION
170401000105
17040100111
TOPIC: VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS
OUTLINE
Introduction
Definition of Terms
Virus
Gastroenteritis
Viral Gastroenteritis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Aetiology
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Complications
Prevention
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION:
The most common way to develop viral gastroenteritis, often called stomach flu,
is through contact with an infected person or by consuming contaminated food
or water. If you're otherwise healthy, you'll likely recover without
complications. But for infants, older adults and people with compromised
immune systems, viral gastroenteritis can be deadly.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
EPIDEMIOLOGY
AETIOLOGY
Viruses (particularly rotavirus (in children) and norovirus (in adults)) and the
bacteria Escherichia coli and Campylobacter species are the primary causes of
gastroenteritis. There are, however, many other infectious agents that can cause
this syndrome including parasites and fungus. Non-infectious causes are seen on
occasion, but they are less likely than a viral or bacterial cause.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The clinical manifestations of viral gastroenteritis are due to the effects that the
viruses, along with specific cytotoxins, have on the enterocytes of the intestine.
The virus uses the enterocyte to replicate, leading to interference with brush
border enzyme production, which in turn leads to malabsorption and osmotic
diarrhea. Additionally, viral toxins lead to direct damage and cell lysis of
enterocytes and intestinal villa, causing a transudative loss of fluid into the
intestine. The loss of cell function can lead to electrolyte abnormalities which
are caused by the loss of transporter functionality. That can lead to acid-base
disturbances as well. The virus is then shed through feces, and occasionally in
the vomitus. Peak viral load within the stool is anywhere between 24 to 48
hours after symptomatology. Some studies show viral shedding lasting for
several weeks past symptomatology.
CLINICAL FEATURES:
Symptoms of viral gastroenteritis usually begin about 1 to 2 days after the virus
gets into the body.
Nausea
Vomiting
Watery diarrhea
Headache
Fever
Chills
Stomachache
Signs of dehydration:
DIAGNOSIS
COMPLICATIONS
PREVENTION
Vaccines are available to protect children from rotavirus. Healthcare providers
give shots to babies before the age of 6 months. Steps to help prevent viral
gastroenteritis:
1. Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and water after going to the
bathroom, after changing a diaper and before touching any food.
3. If someone in the house has gastroenteritis, wash all surfaces that might
be contaminated with a bleach based cleaner.
TREATMENT
Specific treatment is usually not needed. In most cases, you simply need to
drink plenty of fluids and rest at home until the virus leaves your system. In rare
cases, you may need treatment for severe dehydration, with IV fluids. Helpful
home care tips includes:
1. Drink plenty of light fluids like water, ice chips, joint juice. Sports drinks
are high in sugar and they are not appropriate, if you are extremely dehydrated.
3. Once you feel hungry again, start with mild, easy to digest foods
REFERENCES:
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/
understanding-viral-gastroenteritis
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/
symptoms-causes/syc-20378847
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteritis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518995/