Annapoorani

EFFECTIVENESS OF RELAXATION TECHNIQUE VS
AEROBIC EXERCISES ON THE PREMENSTRUAL

SYMPTOMS AMONG THE COLLEGE STUDENTS
STAYING IN THE HOSTEL AT SELECTED
COLLEGES IN COIMBATORE
BY
Mrs. Annapoorani. B. M.Sc (N)
A Thesis Submitted to
THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

For the award of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING
JANUARY 2017
i

for the award of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
NURSING
By
Under the Guidance of
Dr. LATHA VENKATESAN M.Sc (N), M.Phil., PhD (N), M.B.A.,

PRINCIPAL & PH.D. RESEARCH GUIDE
APOLLO COLLEGE OF NURSING
CHENNAI – 600 095.
JANUARY 2017
ii
for the award of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
NURSING
By
Guided by
Dr. LATHA VENKATESAN M.Sc (N), M.Phil., PhD (N), M.B.A.,
PRINCIPAL & PH.D. RESEARCH GUIDE
APOLLO COLLEGE OF NURSING
CHENNAI – 600 095.
JANUARY 2017
iii
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RELAXATION TECHNIQUE VS
AEROBIC EXERCISES ON THE PREMENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS AMONG
THE COLLEGE STUDENTS STAYING IN THE HOSTEL AT SELECTED
COLLEGES IN COIMBATORE” submitted by Mrs. Annapoorani.B. for
the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing, is a bonafide
record of research done by her during the period of study, under my
supervision and guidance and that it has not formed the basis for the award of
any other Degree, Diploma, Associateship, Fellowship or other similar title. I
also certify that this thesis is her original independent work. I recommend that
this thesis should be placed before the examiners for their consideration for the
award of Ph.D. Degree in Nursing.
Research Guide
Dr. LATHA VENKATESAN, M.Sc(N)., M.Phil., Ph.D., M.B.A.,

Principal & Research guide
Apollo College of Nursing
Chennai.
Place :
Date :
iv
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RELAXATION TECHNIQUE VS
AEROBIC EXERCISES ON THE PREMENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS AMONG
THE COLLEGE STUDENTS STAYING IN THE HOSTEL AT SELECTED
COLLEGES IN COIMBATORE” is my own work carried out under the guide
ship of Dr. Latha Venkatesan M.Sc (N), PhD (N), Research Guide,
Apollo College of Nursing which is approved by the Research Committee,
The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University, Guindy, Chennai.
I further declare that to the best of my knowledge the thesis does not
contain any part of any work which has been submitted for the award of any
degree either in this University or in any other University / Deemed University
without proper citation.
Mrs. ANNAPOORANI.B
Research Scholar
Place :
Date :
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This thesis is the culmination of my journey of Ph.D which was just like
climbing a high peak step by step accompanied with encouragement, hardship, trust,
and frustration. When I found myself at top experiencing the feeling of fulfillment, I
realized though only my name appears on the cover of this dissertation, a great many
people including my family members, well-wishers, my friends and colleagues have
contributed to accomplish this huge task.
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His
showers of blessings throughout my research work to complete the research
successfully.
I wish to express my thanks to Apollo college of Nursing, Vanagaram for

rendering all the facilities throughout my study.
It is a honour for me to express my sincere gratitude Dr.V.Geethalakshmi,

M.D., PhD., Vice-chancellor and Research Department of The Tamilnadu
Dr.M.G.R. Medical university, Guindy, Chennai for giving me the opportunity to
undertake the doctoral programme at this esteemed university.
My Earnest thanks to the Screening Committee members, for acceptance of

the research proposal. I am extremely thankful to the R.V.S Educational Trust for
providing me an opportunity to pursue my Ph.D in nursing. I express my sincere and
heartfelt gratitude to the institution in providing me the opportunity to do the data
collection.
Dr. Latha Venkatesan, Principal and Research Guide, Apollo College of

Nursing, for intellectual guidance, for awakening thirst for theory in me, for patient
motivation, and for her good support in my darkest hour. Her own zeal for perfection,
passion, unflinching courage and conviction has always inspired me to do more. She
has taught me another aspect of life, that,“ goodness can never be defied and good
human beings can never be denied”.
Dr. Susila, Principal Bilroth College of Nursing, Co-Guide for all the
guidance and support rendered in carrying out my study. Dr. Selvaraj, psychologist,
deserve my sincere expression of thanks for providing me the relaxation training.
vi
Mrs. Hema, Sneha Cultural Academy, for the aerobic dance training rendered,
which enabled me to use aerobic dance in my study. Mr. Kishore Henry, professor,
Thiyagaraja University, for spending his energy in English editing and validating.
Mr. Sampath,statistician and Mrs. Suja Santhosh professor of biostatistics,

for their efficient guidance given towards the statistical analysis of my data. I am
indebted to them for their untiring efforts in working alongside me and in
meticulously projecting the core findings of my study. The direction and support
rendered by them greatly enabled me in the completion of this task.
My sincere thanks to all the experts who validated my content and provided
suggestions necessary to enhance my tool that was perfectly tailored to fit the
objectives of my study.
Mrs.Sara Samuel, principal, R.V.S College of Nursing, for her continuos

moral support throughout my study. Mrs. Maebel Shivakar, for her valuable
suggestions rendered by her in the submission of my study.
I take this opportunity to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the college students

without whose cooperation and support the timely and successful completion of this
endeavor would have still remained a dream
I salute you all for the selfless love, care, pain and sacrifice you did to shape
my life. I would never be able to pay back the love and affection showered upon by
my parents. Also I express my thanks to my sister for her support and valuable
prayers.
I owe thanks to a very special person, my husband, Mr.D.Vijayakumar for

his continued and unfailing love, support and understanding during my pursuit of
Ph.D degree that made the completion of thesis possible. I greatly value his
contribution and deeply appreciate his belief in me. I appreciate my children Ramya
and Gowthaman abiding my ignorance and the patience they showed during my
tenure.
vii
ABSTRACT
Title
An Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Relaxation Technique

Versus Aerobic Exercises on the Pre Menstrual Symptoms among the College
Students Staying in the Hostel at Selected Colleges in Coimbatore .
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the premenstrual symptoms before the intervention in the

experimental group I (Relaxation Technique) and II (Aerobic exercises),
among the college students.
2. To assess the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the

experimental group I and II, among the college students.
3. To compare the effectiveness of relaxation technique Vs aerobic exercises

upon the premenstrual symptoms between the experimental groups I and II.
4. To find out the association between the selected demographic variables and
the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the experimental group I
and II, among the college students.
5. To compare the Quality of life before and after the intervention in the
experimental group I and II among the college students.
6. To correlate the premenstrual symptoms and selected demographic variables

in the experimental group I and II.
7. To assess the level of satisfaction of the college students in the experimental

group I and II.
Methods
The conceptual framework for this study was based on King’s Goal
Attainment Theory (1981).The data were collected from 181 college students with
premenstrual symptoms in two different campuses. Premenstrual Symptom Diary
(PMS) was distributed to the college students and assessed the PMS. Then the
viii
intervention was provided by trained researcher for the duration of three months. The
PMS Diary was and motivated them to continue the intervention and collected back.
The WHO Quality of Life Tool, was assessed only once before and at the end of
seventh month after the intervention.
The instruments used for data collection were demographic variable proforma,
clinical variable proforma, dietary variable proforma, Premenstrual Symptom Diary
and WHO bref Quality of life tool. Validity and reliability were established for the
PMS Diary. Level of satisfaction of the college students was assessed.
The main study data was collected from 89 college students with premenstrual
symptoms in experimental group I and 92 college students with premenstrual
symptoms in experimental group II were analyzed according to the objectives and
hypothesis of the study.
The Major Findings of the Study

 Most of the college students from experimental groups I and II in the age
group of 19 yrs (38.2%, 32.60%) and 20 yrs (28.1%,40.2%), hailing from
Tamil Nadu. It was also noted that all the college students were studying in
UG courses (100%, 100%) from nuclear family (83.1%, 72.8%) with a family
size of 4-5 members (73%, 60.9%) among the experimental groups I and II
respectively
 Majority of the college students had normal weight (91.1%, 94.56%), and
attained menarche at the age of 13-15 years (73%, 80.43%) and their
menstrual cycles were found to be regular with 30 days cycle (56.1%, 57.6%)
and did not have any prior knowledge about PMS (64.04%, 63.04%) in
experimental groups I and II respectively.
 The dietary variables of the college students were found to be with majority of
them taking occasionally only the fast foods (68.5%, 59.8%) and fried foods
(75.3%, 71.7%), drinking coffee/tea for 1-2 times per day (66%, 64%) and
their intake of vegetables and fruits per day was 100 -200 gms (74.2%, 62%)
in experimental groups I and II respectively. It was also found that in both the
groups college students were distributed homogeneously with regard to dietary
habits.
ix
 The overall PMS in experimental group I before the intervention of relaxation
technique was (M = 63.70, SD = 2.30), during the intervention was (M =
41.90, SD = 4.36) but after the intervention it was only (M = 35.26, SD =
4.44). The noticed reduction of mean score of PMS was found to be
significant in the repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) (F =
2251.834, P < 0.001) calculated based on the college students rating of PMS.
In Further the Post hoc analysis revealed that the mean differences in PMS
before and during (Mean difference = 21.79, P < 0.001), before and after
(Mean difference = 28.43, P < 0.001) and during and after (Mean difference =
6.64, P < 0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were significant.
Hence the null hypothesis Ho1 stating that there will be no significant
difference in the PMS before and after the intervention of relaxation
techniques to experimental group I was rejected.
 The overall PMS in experimental group II before the intervention of Aerobic
exercise was (M = 61.11, SD = 3.5), during the intervention was (M = 45.24,
SD = 3.4) but after the intervention it was only (M = 23.58, SD = 3.4). The
noticed reduction of mean score of PMS was found to be significant in the
repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) (F = 1879.934, P <
0.001) calculated based on the college students rating of PMS. In Further the
Post hoc analysis of the data also revealed that the mean differences in PMS
before and during (Mean difference = 15.86, P < 0.001), before and after
(Mean difference = 37.52, P < 0.001) and during and after (Mean difference =
21.66, P < 0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercise were significant. Hence
the null hypothesis Ho1stating that there will be no significant difference in
the PMS before and after the intervention of Aerobic exercises in experimental
group II was rejected.
 The overall PMS symptoms in experimental group II which had the
intervention of aerobic exercises the overall PMS score was less (M = 23.58,
SD = 3.45) in comparison with the experimental group I (M = 35.26, SD =
4.44) which had relaxation technique as their intervention. The difference (t =
19.77) was statistically significant at p<0.001 level. Hence the null hypothesis
Ho3, stating that there will be no significant difference in the overall PMS
perceived by experimental group I and II were rejected.
x
 There was no significant association between the selected demographic,
clinical, dietary variables and the overall PMS in the experimental group I
after the intervention except with age, intake of fried food (χ2 = 5.282, P
=.022), intake of green leafy vegetables (χ2 = 7.974, P =.019) of the college
students. It can be noted that as age increases the perception of PMS also
increased χ2 = 10.844, p < .013). The association was observed that those who
were taking fast food frequently and not consuming green leafy vegetables had
severe PMS .Hence the null hypothesis H04 is partially rejected with regard to
the demographic variables, clinical variables such as Age, Place, Family type,
Family size, Income of the family. Age at menarche, menstrual cycle and
premenstrual symptoms.
 In the experimental group II, the association between the selected
demographic variables, clinical variables and PMS after the intervention was
analyzed. only selected variables such as Age(χ2 =14.542,P =0.002),intake of
fast food(χ2 = 4.063,P = 0.044),intake of fried food((χ2 = 5.536,P =
0.019),intake of green leafy vegetables( χ2 = 6.569,P = 0.037) had significance
at P< 0.05 level. Hence the null hypothesis Ho4 is partially rejected with
regard to the demographic variables, clinical variables.
 The overall quality of life of experimental group I college students was found
to be statistically (t = 43.49) significantly different between before (M =
68.61, SD =52.8) and after (M = 85.92, SD = 3.97) the intervention. The same
finding was noted with regards to various dimensions of quality of life such as
physical (M = 63.4 SD = 3.03, M = 25.91 SD = 2.47, t = 12.34) psychological
(M = 18.09, SD = 1.59, M = 72.1 SD = 1.44, t = 16.19) social relationship (M
= 5.71 SD = 0.79, M = 7.69, SD = 0.72, t = 17.17) and environment (M =
17.0, S.D = 1.35, t = 29.30) respectively before and after the intervention of
relaxation technique to experimental group I college students.
 The Mean and Standard deviation of overall quality of life before and after the
intervention in the experimental group II (M = 70.27, SD = 3.55, M =
88.78,SD = 4.53,) was found to be statistically significant at (t = 43.23). It
was also evidenced that the various dimensions of quality of life before and
after the intervention as follows. Physical (M = 21.39 SD = 2.74, M = 27.73
SD = 2.69, t = 21.84), Psychological (M = 17.76 SD = 1.65, M = 74.2 SD =
1.79, t = 20.56), Social relationship (M = 6.28 SD = 0.45, M = 7.68, SD =
xi
0.78, t = 14.16), Environment (M = 18.59, SD = 1.35, M = 23.99, SD = 2.82, t
= 21.23).
 The comparison of mean and Standard deviation of quality of life of college
students of experimental group I and II revealed that before the intervention
(M = 68.61 SD = 3.64, M = 85.92 SD = 3.97) and after the intervention (M =
70.27 SD = 3.55, M = 88.78 SD = 4.53). It was statistically proved with t
value (t = 3.119, t = 4.509). Hence null hypothesis Ho5, stating that there will
be no significant difference in the quality of life before and after the
intervention in experimental group I and II was rejected.
 The correlation between the selected demographic, clinical variables shows
that there is a positive relationship between age, weight , BMI , waist hip ratio
and the perception of PMS among the experimental group I college students. It
can be interpreted as age increases (r = 0.303, p = 0.004) the PMS also
increases and similarly increase in weight (r =.219, P =.039), BMI (r =.242, P
=.022) and waist hip ratio(r =.233, P =.028) also increases the PMS.
 In the experimental group II there was a correlation between the demographic

variable and premenstrual symptoms after the intervention was (r =.396, P
=.01) .The clinical variables such as weight (r =.17,P = .875), BMI (r =.076,p
=.0470), waist hip ratio (r =.100,P = 0.341) was not correlated with
premenstrual symptoms because the Aerobics exercises had high impact .
Conclusion
Overall Pre Menstrual symptoms were reduced after doing both the
intervention Relaxation techniques and Aerobic exercises for the duration of three
months. Comparatively Aerobic exercises were more effective than Relaxation
Technique.
Quality of Life has improved after the intervention in both the groups.
Demographic variables such as the age, intake of fast food, intake of fruits and green
leafy vegetables were associated with the pre menstrual symptoms.
Selected clinical variables such as the age, weight, body mass index and waist
hip ratio were correlated in both the experimental group I and II. Thus the results
projected that interventions was effective in the reduction of pre menstrual symptoms.
xii
Recommendations
 The same study can be done on a larger population to generalize the findings.
 The study can be replicated in other settings.
 The study can be done with the age group of above 30 years.
 The impact of Aerobic Exercises can be measured in terms of serum hormonal

levels and saturation of oxygenation.
 The impact of Relaxation technique can be analyzed on each domains.
 A Comparative study can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various

non pharmacological interventions on premenstrual symptoms.
 Correlational study can be done longitudinally to evaluate the impact of junk

foods on premenstrual symptoms.
xiii
CONTENTS
PAGE
S.NO. CHAPTERS
NO.
I. INTRODUCTION
Introduction of the study 1
Need for the study 7
Statement of Problem 10
Objectives 11
Operational definitions 11
Null hypotheses 13
Assumptions 14
Delimitations 14
Conceptual Framework of the study 15
II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Prevalence of premenstrual symptoms 19
Effect of Relaxation technique 31
Effect of Aerobic exercises 35
Quality of life 37
Other interventions for premenstrual symptoms 40
III METHODOLOGY
Research approach 43
Research design 43
Variables 44
Research setting 45
Population 45
Sample and Sample size 46
xiv
PAGE
S.NO. CHAPTERS
NO.
Sampling techniques and Criteria for selection of sample 46-47
Tools 47
Content validity and Reliability 49
Techniques 49
Protection of Human rights 50
Pilot Study 52
Data Collection 53
IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 55 - 106
V DISCUSSION 107 - 116
SUMMARY,CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND

VI 117 – 129
RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY 130 – 145
xv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
1 Frequency & Percentage of Experimental Group I and II 57
According to the Demographic Characteristics.
2 Frequency and Percentage of Experimental Group I and II 60
according to the Clinical Variables.
3 Frequency and Percentage of Experimental Group I and II 64
according to the Dietary Variables.
4 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 66
of Overall Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
of Physical Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
of Psychological Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
of Behavioural Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
of Pain Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
of Overall Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
of Physical Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
of Psychological Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
of Behavioural Symptoms in Experimental group II.
of Pain Symptoms in Experimental group II.
14 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Overall 86
Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After
Intervention.
15 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Physical 87
Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention.
16 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Psychological 88
xvi
TABLE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
17 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Behavioural 89
Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention
18 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Pain 90
19 Association of Mean Score of PMS after the intervention with 91
the Selected Demographic, Clinical ,Dietary variables for
Experimental Group I
20 Association of Mean Score of PMS after the intervention with 93
the selected Demographic ,Clinical ,Dietary variables for
Experimental Group II
21 Mean score and Standard Deviation on Overall and Various 95
Domains on QOL before and after intervention and its level of
significance in Experimental group I.
22 Mean score and standard deviation on overall and various 96
domains on QOL before and after Intervention and its Level of
Significance in Experimental group II
23 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation of Quality of life 97
before and after the Intervention between the Experimental
Group I and II.
24 Correlation of Post Test Score of PMS with the Selected 98
Demographic, Clinical Variables for Experimental Group I
25 Correlation of Post Test Score of PMS with the Selected 101
Demographic, Clinical Variables for Experimental Group II
26 Level of Satisfaction of College Students in Experimental 103

group I.
27 Level of Satisfaction of College Students in Experimental 105
group II.
xvii
LIST OF FIGURES
TABLE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
1 Theoretical Model Based on King’s Goal Attainment Theory 17

(1981)
2 Schematic Representation of the Research Methodology 51
3 Percentage Distribution of Experimental Group I and II 59

According to the Income Status Per Month.

According to the Age of Menarche.

according to the Source of Information about PMS.
6 Correlation between the Premenstrual Symptom Score after the 99

Intervention with Age in Years in the Experimental Group I
7 Correlation between PMS with BMI after the Intervention in 100

the Experimental Group I.
8 Correlation between the Premenstrual Symptom Score and 102

Body Mass Index after the Intervention in the Experimental
group II.
xviii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
PMS Premenstrual symptoms.

PMDD Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
ACOG Criteria American College of Obstetrics and Gynaecological Criteria.
WHOQOL World Health Organisation Quality of Life Tool.
PMS Diary Premenstrual symptom diary.
ICD International classification of diseases.
DSM Diagnostic statistical mental disorder.
PMR Progressive muscle relaxation.
CBT Cognitive behavioural therapy.
RT Relaxation technique
AE Aerobic exercises.
xix
LIST OF ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE CONTENTS
1 Letter Permitting to conduct the study
2 Provisional registration & Ethical Committee Clearance Certificate
3 Plagiarism Originality report
4 Journal Publications
5 Request for content validity
6 Content validity Index Form
7 Research Participant consent Form
8 Certificate For Relaxation Technique
9 Certificate For Aerobic Exercises
10 Certificate for English Editing
11 Demographic Variable, Clinical Variable, Dietary Variable

Proforma
12 Blueprint for premenstrual symptom diary
13 Premenstrual symptom Diary.
14 Blueprint for WHOQOL bref Tool
15 WHOQOL bref Tool
16 Level of satisfaction of college students in the Experimental

group I
17 Level of Satisfaction of college students in the Experimental

group II
18 Interventions Protocol.
19 Master coding sheet
20 Photographs During Relaxation Technique
21 Photographs During Aerobic Exercises.
xx
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
"Female adolescence is - universally - an emotionally

and psychologically intense period."
- Caitlin Flanagan
Adolescence is the period considered as the transition from childhood to

adulthood. This is also a period of rapid physical growth and development. It is the
period of physical, cognitive, and social maturation between childhood and adulthood.
The beginning of adolescence occurs around the onset of puberty and is therefore
marked by dramatic changes in hormone levels and in physical appearance including
rapid physical growth, changes in facial structure, and the appearance of secondary
sexual characteristics. Over the same interval, adolescents experience numerous
changes in social, academic, and other environmental influences, and they typically
enter a stage of profound psychological transition to sexual and reproductive maturity
and development of adult mental process and identity.
They also move from total social-economic dependence to relative

independence. Adolescents have complete energy, significant determination and new
ideas. They are a positive coerce of the Nation and are responsible for its future
productivity. This period of adolescence is not only considered as a time of
vulnerability but also a period of opportunity. Adolescence is a pivotal time for us to
build on their development in the first decade of life, to help them navigate risks and
vulnerabilities, and to set them on the path to fulfilling their potential.
There are three developmental stages in adolescence namely early adolescence

(11-14 years), middle adolescence (14-17 years) and late adolescence (18-21 years).
Lasting change in the lives of adolescents can only be achieved and sustained by
complementing investment in the first decade of life with greater attention and
resources. Investing in adolescents can accelerate the fight against poverty, inequity
and gender discrimination. Adolescence is the pivotal decade when poverty and
inequity often pass to the next generation as poor adolescent girls give birth to
impoverished children. Adolescents have very special and distinct needs and these
1
needs to be acknowledged and fulfilled adequately since they are the future vision of
the country.
According to population census (2013), the total population in India is 1205.6

million, with youth population of 229 million who belong to 15-24 years. The
National Youth Policy of India (2003) defines the youth population as those in the age
group of 15-35 yrs. Adolescence age group is considered between10-19 year and 15-
24 yr age group as youth, both contributing the age group of 10-24 years as defined
by World Health Organization (2014).
Early adolescence might be broadly considered to stretch between the ages of

10 and 14. It is at this stage that physical changes generally commence, usually
beginning with a growth spurt and soon followed by the development of the sex
organs and secondary sexual characteristics. These external changes are often very
obvious and can be a source of anxiety as well as excitement or pride for the
individual whose body is undergoing the transformation. The internal changes in the
individual, although less evident, are equally profound. Recent neuroscientific
research indicates that in these early adolescent years the brain undergoes a
spectacular burst of electrical and physiological development. The number of brain
cells can almost double in the course of a year, while neural networks are radically
reorganized, with a consequent impact on emotional, physical and mental ability. The
more advanced physical and sexual development of girls who enter puberty on
average 12–18 months earlier than boys is mirrored by similar trends in brain
development. The frontal lobe, the part of the brain that governs reasoning and
decision-making, starts to develop during early adolescence. Because this
development starts later and takes longer in boys, their tendency to act impulsively
and to be uncritical in their thinking lasts longer than in girls. This phenomenon
contributes to the widespread perception that girls mature much earlier than boys. It is
during early adolescence that girls and boys become more keenly aware of their
gender than they were as younger children, and they may make adjustments to their
behavior or appearance in order to fit in with perceived norms. They may fall victim
to, or participate in, bullying, and they may also feel confused about their own
personal and sexual identity.
2
Most of the researchers highly focused and analyzed the common health
problems prevailing among the adolescents. Selvaraj (2012) explored the common
health problems prevailing in adolescents such as physical problems, emotional
problems, nutritional disorders, sexual abuse, sexually transmitted diseases and
identity problems. Singh & Gopal Krishna (2014) reported that in India malnutrition,
over nutrition, substance use, harmful alcohol use, suicide and violence had high
impact on the youth population. Mukul (2013) reported that in India about 45% of
adolescent girls were under nourished. 26% girls were married before 15yrs, 54%
girls were married before 18yrs.Shubha (2012) reveals in her study that
malnourishment and obesity also predispose them to health problems like polycystic
ovary and metabolic syndrome among the female population.
Therefore it is vital to address their needs which can help to improve the
quality of life of our adolescents and thereby help in developing the socio- economic
growth of our country sudden transformation in the bodily changes causes‟ difficulty
in coping and problems associated with the changes. The most challenging problems
during adolescent period, especially among adolescent girls are related to
menstruation which is known as regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from
the uterus through the vagina. It starts between the age 11 and 14 years for adolescent
girls.
During menstruation girls have vaginal bleeding along with pain in the
abdomen and lower back and breast, mood changes, irritability, headache and general
weakness. Menstruation occurs in various phases such as menstrual phase, follicular
phase and luteal phase. Before the onset of the menstruation, adolescent girls may
have uncomfortable symptoms which last for a short period. Few symptoms can be
very intense and disturbs their normal functioning. These symptoms are named as
premenstrual symptoms. During premenstrual phase the physiological breast swelling
and pain, radiating to the axilla and arm may commonly occur on a cyclic basis. This
is due to hormonal stimulation and it is normal. Firm support, fomentation, analgesics,
hormonal therapy, diuretics and primrose oil is often needed to alleviate the
discomfort as stated by Arvind in the year 2013.
3
Premenstrual symptoms were first described by Frank in the year 1931 and he
explained that these symptoms occur due to hormonal imbalance among the females.
Some of the adolescent girls experience these symptoms before menstruation and few
of them may have even after the menstruation also. Nearly 40% of girls experience
these symptoms so intensely that affect their daily life and 10% of them have
functional impairment. The symptoms start in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle,
reach a peak just before menstruation and reduced during the follicular phase.
Premenstrual symptoms can be broadly classified as neurologic, vascular

symptoms, psychological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, fluid retention, eye
problems and respiratory problems. The causes of premenstrual symptoms are
fluctuations in the levels of estrogen & progesterone, hypoglycemia, increased
prolactin level in blood, changes in carbohydrate metabolism, excessive aldosterone
and retention of water by kidneys. Premenstrual symptoms cause frequent
absenteeism in academic areas and interference with daily activities, inter personal
relationship, family and also affect the quality of life. By addressing their needs we
can help to develop the socio- economic growth of our country and improve the
quality of life of our adolescents. Sudden transformation in the bodily changes causes
difficulty in coping and problems associated with the changes.
The prevalence rate was analyzed internationally by the following authors.

Houston et.al, 2006 reported that prevalence of PMS among the urban African-
American adolescent girls between 12 and 21 years was 84.3%, comparatively 76%
among Ethiopian girls. A study was done on prevalence of PMS and associated
symptoms among 153 adolescent girls in Hongkong. The results showed that about
61.4% of girls had severe symptoms. In Switzerland, the study conducted by
Tschudin, Bertea, Zemp (2010) on prevalence of pre menstrual symptoms was found
to be 91% with at least one symptom among females. Singh et.al, (2015) conducted a
study among Indian medical students on prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and
they presented that premenstrual symptoms is the second most (60.5%) prevalent
disorder among adolescent girls. Lolas (1993) quoted that premenstrual symptoms is a
worrisome problem for 25-35% of people and grave for about 5-10% sufferers. In the
year 1998 in America, a survey was conducted by changing physical activity, diet as
4
an alternative treatment of premenstrual symptoms. Among the physical activities,
Aerobics such as walking, swimming and jogging were considered.
Most systematically diagnosed premenstrual symptoms are treated with anti-

depressant or anxiolytic medications to correct neurotransmitter dysregulation,
ovulation suppression treatment to eliminate hormonal fluctuations. One of the best
strategies suggested is use of progesterone during the luteal phase to treat the
premenstrual symptoms. Consumption of the tablets may cause side effects which
may affect the health condition of the youngsters.
Among more than seventy different treatments, many of them are

contradictory in action, untested, expensive or have unknown long term effects and
therefore exercise is often recommended. However non pharmacological intervention
in the form of meditation, yoga, exercises, aerobic activity, relaxation technique,
guided imagery will also be helpful in managing the symptoms and certain dietary
supplementation such as calcium, vitamin B6.
The effect of non-pharmacological intervention was tested by several authors.

Bhatia et.al (2002) concluded that non pharmacological intervention could be
beneficial for the individuals with mild to moderate symptoms such as dietary
modification, lifestyle changes and supportive treatment. Premenstrual symptoms can
be reduced by practicing regular deep breathing exercise, head to foot relaxation
technique, aerobic exercise, eating balanced diet and adequate sleep. Deep breathing
exercise is effective in circulating oxygen throughout the body system. It calms the
mind and relaxes the body without increasing of heart rate.
Relaxation technique triggers the parasympathetic nervous system function

(Fight or Flight response). During stress and anxiety an increased cortisol and
adrenaline level which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. It causes
tachycardia and muscle spasm. Thus relaxation technique cultivates the positive
relationship between the mind and body that reduces the stress, anxiety, blood
pressure and depression. A case control study was conducted in 2014 among 60
female participants aged 18-40 years at Gujarat by Veena Jasuja et.al, They evaluated
the effect of head to foot relaxation technique on the psychological aspect of
5
premenstrual symptoms. The study findings showed that this technique was effective
in the reduction of depression and anxiety.
Young adolescents may find it enthusiastic in doing the aerobics to maintain

their body image. Aerobics which improves the oxygenation to all the body cells and
excrete the toxins through the sweat. It is very interesting to do along with the friends.
It releases endorphins which always makes us happy. Aerobic exercise is helpful for
pre menstrual symptoms because it reduces stress and tension, act as a mood elevator,
provides a sense of well being and improves blood circulation by increasing natural
production of beta –endorphins.
Gannon et.al, (1988) conducted a co-relational study to evaluate the effect of

aerobic exercise on premenstrual symptoms. The study result showed that doing
exercise regularly has significant reduction in the premenstrual symptoms. Yekke
Fallah (2013) et.al performed a study to find out the effect of aerobic exercise on
reduction of premenstrual syndrome among 18-32 years age group of female students.
The results showed that three months of walking and aerobic exercise are very
effective in reducing pain and physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome among
the female students.
During the premenstrual period all the physical, psychological, behavioural

aspects are affected among the adolescents and are not much exposed to the selection
of treatment choices. Many complementary and alternative therapies are available in
and around. But still it remains difficult to stay compliant with the treatment chosen
by them .Thus they are in midst of confusion as how to manage the symptoms and
coerced to chose the consumption of the drug as a means to get relieved from
symptoms which has side effects. It‟s imperative that this study will be an eye opener
to the adolescents to decide on the right choice of managing the premenstrual
symptoms.
6
Need for the Study
India has one of the fastest growing youth populations in the world, with an
estimated 190 million adolescents. Girls below 19 years of age comprise one quarter
of India‟s rapidly growing population. During this period of adolescence, individuals
move toward physical and psychological maturity and acquire their adult identity and
therefore require special attention and care. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), adolescents are individuals aged 10-19, while the broader term
“youth” refers to the 15-24 age groups. For young girls in India, poor nutrition, early
child bearing, and reproductive health complications compound the difficulties of
adolescent physical development.
Globally 1.1 billion people are Adolescents among the general population and
1 in every 5 human on this planet is an Adolescent. One in every 3 persons is a young
person who contributes both to adolescent and youth in the age group of 10-24 years
as stated by Chandra Mouli, 2011.According to United Nations population prospects
report in the year 2010, about 27.7 % (one- fourth) of the female population are
between 15 and 29 years in India.
As calculated approximately 1 in 6 or 15.00% or 40.8 million people in USA

experience PMS. In India the rate of PMS is at higher level, 159,760,591 against
1,065,070,607 populations. The statistics used for prevalence/incidence of
Premenstrual syndrome are typically based on US, UK, Canadian or Australian
prevalence or incidence statistics, which are then, extrapolated using only the
population of the other country. This extrapolation calculation is automated and does
not take into account any genetic, cultural, environmental, social, racial or other
differences across the various countries and regions for which the extrapolated
Premenstrual syndrome statistics is calculated.(US Census Bureau ,Population
estimates 2004).
Published literature evidence stated that the young people were exaggerated
by health conditions which was prejudiced by numerous factors such as personal
choices, environmental factors, life style changes which leads to communicable and
non communicable diseases. Other health conditions are substance abuse, suicides,
sexually transmitted infections, violence etc.
7
In the year 2001-2006 the data obtained from the Nutrition survey of National
Institute of Nutrition showed the prevalence rate of mal nutrition and anemia in the
age group of 10-24yrs was 56.4-68.5 and 30-82 percent. Choudary et.al. Another
blooming health consequence is obesity. It is increasing among the youngsters.
Inadequate calorie intake was one of the problems during this phase of growth.
Comparing the calorie intake per day among the rural and urban in both the age
groups 16-18 yrs and 13-15 years respectively the caloric value of rural girls was
1292 kcal - 1355 kcal, which was below the recommended dietary allowances. In the
urban areas they consume fast food and junk foods more than rural girls.
Dubat et al (2007) used life stress scale, among the adolescent girls studying in
12 th standard from Hisar and Hyderabad, 47.5 and 72.5 per cent were in the moderate
source of family stress; 60 and 50 percent of financial stress, 90 and 85 per cent had
moderate level of social stress, respectively. Sharma in a study, among adolescents
aged 16-19 yr using self-made questionnaire based on Bisht Battery of Stress found
that 90.6 per cent adolescents had academic stress. Pillai et.al in 2008 reported the
incidence 18% of psychiatric disorder among the 10-17 year adolescent groups. The
prevalence of depression varied from 0.1% to 18.5%, conduct disorder 0.2 to 9.2%
and anxiety 0.1%-24.4%.
Common Prevailing problems were discussed by the following authors.

Soman et.al (2009) found that suicidal rates among the females aged 15-24 year to be
8.1 per one lakh population. In Chandigarh and South Delhi nearly 6% of individuals
aged 11-17 year and 15.8% adolescents aged 14-19 year reporting suicidal ideas.
Irrespective of the age, premenstrual symptoms is a common problem faced by
females. It is defined as a collection of emotional and physical symptoms before onset
of menstruation. During adolescent period premenstrual symptoms can complicate the
process of puberty, inter personal relationships, social and educational performance. It
also results in low self–esteem, a sense of dissatisfaction and unhealthy life style.
Christine et.al, (2008) conducted a survey to assess the prevalence and severity of
premenstrual symptoms among early and middle adolescents. The study results
showed that most of the adolescents had moderate to severe symptoms. Researcher
concluded that some kinds of interventions need to be given to them to reduce the
severity of symptoms.
8
Results of the global study revealed that out of five women four of them were
affected with physical premenstrual symptoms. Complications of premenstrual
symptoms occur usually during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle. They are severe
depression, substance abuse, migraine, severe asthmatic attack. Some medical
conditions may be exacerbated during this premenstrual phase such as inflammatory
bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy.
Premenstrual symptoms may affect not only the individual, but also her family
and the community. Many studies in different countries indicated that premenstrual
symptoms were more common among adolescent girls and need to follow some non-
pharmacological interventions to reduce the symptoms and to improve the quality of
life. Researcher observed that most of the adolescent girls have premenstrual
symptoms and they don‟t know how to overcome the problems. In the countries like
Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the prevalence rate was assessed. In India, the states like
Gujarat, Rajasthan, West Bengal the prevalence was analyzed, but for such
interventions, only minimal literatures were available. Premenstrual symptoms is
related to high suicide and accident rates, employment and school absentee rates, poor
academic performance and acute psychiatric problems.
Main focus of this trend is to prevent the side effects, complications, and
damage to the vital organs. So the researcher was in search of articles, published
literatures. When the researcher reviewed the published articles, only prevalence
based studies were more in number, compared to the related interventions such as
relaxation technique and aerobics exercises. This shows that there is a vacuum when it
comes to scholarly studies of premenstrual symptoms and the effectiveness of Non
pharmacological methods in the present scenario.
Only restricted literatures were available on the treatment modalities and

interventions on premenstrual symptoms. During the adolescent period the
compliance of the students to any kind of modalities will be very difficult. They do
not know the right choice of treatment to select in a right time though there are many
complementary and alternative therapies available. There exists a lack of awareness
among the youngsters to choose the right method for relief of premenstrual
symptoms. Both mind and body can be relaxed by doing the relaxation technique.
9
Relaxation technique keeps the mind and body calm, fresh in nature. But to spend the
time and practicing it every day is important to get rid of the symptoms. Long term
benefits of head to foot relaxation techniques are decreased blood pressure, heart rate,
head ache, salivary cortisol level and improvement in the quality of life of patients
with chronic illness
Doing exercises regularly in the early morning is good for health. Daily
exercise improves the blood circulation which enhances the immune system. It also
increases the lymph flow which prevents the retention of body fluid thereby reducing
the bloating, but for the adolescents to get up early morning is the difficult task. to
relieve the premenstrual symptoms. To instill the interest among the young
adolescents the aerobic exercise is the best suited to get the compliance. As peers they
will be interested to dance rather than any other intervention. Regular aerobic
exercises tame the premenstrual symptoms by increasing the endorphins in the body.
These chemicals level may drop during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle for the
women. Thus aerobic exercise does the cleansing action of lymph system by
eliminating toxins and excess hormones. Also it helps to increase the metabolic rate,
which in turn burn the fat for energy there by it maintains the hormone level in the
body. Self motivated individual will follow the compliance of all the intervention. So
this study will lead the youngsters to select the right choice of intervention i.e. the
Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises. The current study provides the idea
based on the practicability, time duration, implementation of practice, answer to the
queries in their mind and a means to select the appropriate intervention based on the
individual need and priority of the college students. This study also helps to evaluate
the two different techniques such as relaxation technique and aerobic exercises, which
will be better and feasible method to reduce the severity of premenstrual symptoms.
Statement of the Problem

Students Staying in the Hostel at Selected Colleges in Coimbatore.
10
Primary Objectives
and II.
Secondary Objectives
in the experimental group I and II.
group I and II.
Operational Definitions
Effectiveness
In this study, it refers to the outcome of the intensity of premenstrual
symptoms and quality of life as evidenced by reduction of severity of premenstrual
symptoms and improvement of quality of life among the college students during the
premenstrual period in both the experimental group I & II.
Relaxation Technique
In this study relaxation technique refers to deep breathing technique, followed
by head to foot relaxation technique. It is inhaling through the nose by mental count
of four, and then holding the breath for count of seven and exhaling through the
mouth for count of eight. This is one cycle. It is repeated for 4 cycles. In foot to head
relaxation, each part of the body is relaxed sequentially from foot to head starting
11
with the right foot, left foot, right calf, left calf, right thigh, left thigh, hips, buttocks,
stomach, chest, the back, right arm and hand, left arm and hand, neck, shoulders and
face and vice versa for a duration of 30 min five days in a week for three months. This
was administered by the trained researcher.
Aerobic Exercises
In this study aerobic exercise refers to aerobic dance for the duration of fifty
minutes, five days in a week for three months. In this study it includes three phases,
warm up phase, aerobic dance and cool down phase. Warm up phase for a duration of
10 minutes and each movement for 16 counts. Heel movements, upward reach, Neck
movements, Arm rotation, Trunk rotation, Hip rotation, Knee rolling, Hamstring
stretches Leg movements. Aerobic Dance for a duration of 30 minutes. Hops, upward
reaches, Abdomen crunches, Jogging in place, Jumping jacks, Rocking side to side,
Alternate shoulder shrugs, Opposite elbow to knee, Alternate knee lifts, Back
extensions, Forward and backward kicks. Cool down phase was ten minutes which
comprises of Heel movements, Jogging, Flexion of the trunk between the legs; it was
administered by the trained researcher.
Premenstrual symptoms
In this study the premenstrual symptoms are subjective symptoms experienced

by the college students during five days prior to the day of onset of menstrual cycle.
and assessed in the following domains. Premenstrual symptoms includes physical,
psychological, behavioral and pain symptoms.
Physical symptoms include tiredness, Insomnia, changes in sexual

interest, food cravings, breast tenderness, nausea.
Psychological symptoms include irritability, anger, anxiety, depression,

crying, and difficulty in concentrating.
Behavioral symptoms include relationship problems and feeling

overwhelmed.
Pain includes Headache, Back pain, abdominal pain, muscle and joint
pain, including weight gain.
12
College students
In this study college student refers to the girls in the age group of 17-23 years
those who were staying in the R.V.S. hostels located in Coimbatore.
Quality of Life
Quality of life refers to the ability to perform daily activities and how they feel
about their well-being during premenstrual period (five days before menstruation).The
itemscategorizedunderthedomains,physicalwellbeing,psychologicalwellbeing,socialrel
ationships and environment.
Research Hypothesis
H1: There will be significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before and
after the relaxation technique in the experimental group I among the college students.
H2: There will be significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before and
after the aerobic exercises in the experimental group II among the college students.
H3: There will be significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms after the
relaxation technique and aerobic exercises in the experimental group I and II among
the college students.
H4: There will be significant association between selected demographic variables and
the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the experimental group I and II.
H5: There will be significant difference between the Quality of life of the college
students in the experimental group I and II.
H6: There will be significant correlation between the premenstrual symptoms and
selected demographic variables among the college students.
Null Hypothesis
Ho1: There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before and
13
Ho2: There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before
and after the aerobic exercises in the experimental group II among the college
students.
Ho3: There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms after the
Ho4: There will be no significant association between selected demographic variables
and the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the experimental groupI and
II.
Ho5: There will be no significant difference between the Quality of life of the college
Ho6: There will be no significant correlation between the premenstrual symptoms and
selected demographic variables among the college students.
Assumptions
 Perception of premenstrual symptoms varies from individual to individual
 Premenstrual symptoms may interfere with routine work of the students.
 Premenstrual symptom is a cyclical occurrence.
 Sedentary life style may contribute to premenstrual symptoms.
 Stress also boosts premenstrual symptoms.
 Lack of regular exercise is believed to cause premenstrual symptoms.
 Decreased level of endorphins may fluctuate the mood symptoms.
 Premenstrual symptoms may interfere with routine work of the students.
Delimitations
 This study includes College students those who were staying in the hostel at
Coimbatore.
 College students in the age group of 17-23 years were included.
 Only selected college students studying in the Arts and Science were included.
 This study is limited to only two techniques namely Relaxation technique and
Aerobic exercises.
 Data were collected only by using self-report technique (Premenstrual
symptoms diary).
14
Conceptual Framework
The Conceptual framework for this study was based on King‟s Goal
Attainment Theory (1981). King‟s Goal Attainment Theory is based on the concept of
the personal and interpersonal systems, including interaction, perception,
communication, transaction, stress, growth and development and space.
King defines nursing as a process of human interaction between the nurse and
the client; perceive each other in the situation. Through communication they set goals;
explore means and agree on the means to achieve the goals. According to this theory
two people (nurse and client) meet in some situation, perceive each other. Perception
means a person imports energy from the environment and transforms, processes and
stores it. After perception they make judgment on each other and then take some
mental and physical action to react with each other. King defines action as a sequence
of behavior between them and reaction is not well defined by her, but it might be
considered to be included in the action itself.
The perception, action and reaction can‟t be directly observed. The next step
in this process is interaction. It is an observable verbal and non-verbal goal directed
behaviors of two or more people in mutual presence. Interaction brings different
ideas, attitudes, and perceptions to the exchange. Transaction is the last step in this
process. Transaction is a series of exchanges between the human being and
environment that include observable behaviors that seek to reach the goal of worth to
the participant. It is the goal outcome. If the goal outcome is negative then the
feedback will influence the initial steps and then the entire process will repeat again.
In the present study the researcher and college students with premenstrual symptoms
met each other. The perception of the investigator is that pre menstrual symptoms
affect the wellbeing and quality of life among the college students. Researcher‟s
judgment was to provide some intervention to reduce the severity of premenstrual
symptoms and improve the quality of life. The action of the researcher was to obtain
consent to participate in the technique, Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises.
The judgment of the college students was they need some intervention to
reduce the severity of premenstrual symptoms and improve the quality of life. The
reaction of the process was arrangements made for Relaxation and Aerobic exercises.
15
The next step was the interaction. Both the researcher and the college students
mutually set goal, in order to perform the Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises
to reduce the severity of premenstrual symptoms. Assessment of premenstrual
symptoms with premenstrual symptoms diary and Quality of life with WHOQOL
Bref tool, followed by the execution of the interventions relaxation technique in the
experimental group I and Aerobic exercises in the experimental group II.
The last step in this process is transaction. In this, the goal outcome takes
place. The expected outcomes in the experimental group I and II were the reduction in
the severity of premenstrual symptoms and improvement in the quality of life.
Depending upon the transaction (goal outcome), feedback influences the perception,
judgment and action of the investigator and college students with premenstrual
symptoms. Then once again this entire process will repeat. In present study the
feedback is not included.
Summary
This chapter has dealt with the background of the study, need for the study,
statement of the problem, objectives of the study, operational definitions, null
hypothesis, assumptions, delimitation, conceptual framework.
16
* Feedback
Perception
Participants with premenstrual

symptoms affects wellbeing and
quality of life
Interaction

Researcher Judgment Transaction

(Nurse) Experimental group I
To provide some intervention to Goal setting Assessment of
Reaction PMS with diary Relaxation technique.
reduce severity of PMS and to
improve the quality of life. To perform and
Arrangement Relaxation Experimental group II
QOLwithWHO
 technique and QOLBref tool Aerobic exercises.
for Relaxation Aerobic exercises and execution
technique and to reduce the of
Action
Aerobic severity of To reduce severity of
Action exercises. premenstrual Relaxation premenstrual symptoms
Plan for execution of breathing and improve quality of life.
Premenstrual symptoms. technique and
exercises,
Consent laughter therapy,in
to participate and Aerobics
symptoms combination therapy
Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises.
(Client)
exercises.
Judgment
Need to do some intervention to

reduce severity of PMS and
improve quality of life.

* Not under study * Feedback
Perception
Fig 1- Conceptual framework on effectiveness of Relaxation technique versus Aerobic exercises on the Premenstrual symptoms among the college
To identify some intervention to
improve pulmonary staying in the hostel based on King’s Goal Attainment Theory (1981).
function and
students
psychological well-being
17
CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A review on the research topics serves several purposes. According to

University of Toronto (2001) a literature review is an account of what has been
already established or published on a particular research topic by accredited scholars
and researchers. A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical
points of knowledge on a particular topic of research.
Literature related to the topic is presented in this chapter as follows
 Prevalence of Pre Menstrual Symptoms.

 Effect of Relaxation Technique on premenstrual syndrome.
 Effect of Aerobics Exercises on premenstrual syndrome.
 Quality of Life of Premenstrual symptoms.
 Other interventions of premenstrual symptoms.
Prevalence of Pre menstrual symptoms.
Sunitha and Ankur (2016) did a cross sectional study among 150 working
females in a tertiary care psychiatric hospital in Ranchi, India. Through purposive
sampling technique students, doctors, nurses and attendees were incorporated.
Premenstrual symptom checklist was used to assess the rate of recurrence and
distribution of premenstrual symptoms was correlated with various socio
demographic variables to evaluate the predictors of premenstrual symptoms. Among
150 subjects 22 (14.2%) were in the age group of 15-25 years, 78 (52%) were in the
age group of 26-35 years and 50 (33.3%) were in the age group of 36-45 years range.
Among the samples 33 (22%) were students, 87 (58%) were nursing staff and
30(20%) were ward attendants and workers. 25(16.7%) were educated up to primary
and middle stages while 125 (83.3%) were educated up to class 10th, married females
was 105(70%) and 45 (30%) were single. The premenstrual symptoms were divided
and classified into psychological, biological and somatic. Somatic symptoms were
40% reported laziness, 70% females reported back aches, 47% reported joint and
19
muscle pain, 30% reported fatigue, 28% reported breast aches and breast
engorgement, 24 % reported increased body weight and 26% reported headache.
Psychological symptoms were 445 with irritability and 36% reported anger, 26%
reported poor efficiency. Biological symptom includes 24% females reported reduced
sexual desire and 23.3% reported disturbed sleep. Few symptoms were highly
reported by majority of the subjects. Joint and muscle pain, irritability, feelings very
lazy and lethargic, fatigability, losing temper easily, stomach ache, increased
micturation, breast pain, poor efficiency. The irritability was highly significant with
correlation of age. The nursing staff reported more problem related to back ache, joint
and muscle pain, irritability, loosing temper easily and increased micturation while
ward workers and attendants had more disturbances due to poor efficiency. Student
group did not report comparatively to other groups. Backache was significantly more
in females belonging to nuclear families. Lethargy, losing temper easily, irritability
were also found more in females belongs to nuclear families. Fatigability and poor
efficiency were seen significantly more in married working females compared to
unmarried females was confirmed by Sunitha and Ankur
Roghaych, Shahle, Habibollah (2016) recognized the relationship of perceived

severity of premenstrual symptoms with knowledge, attitude and recorded severity of
syndrome by a daily calendar. This study included 55 first year students with
premenstrual symptoms at Ferdowsi University of Muscat. About 68 dormitory
residents who met the inclusion criteria were included. The participants completed the
questionnaire on demographic characteristics, menstruation, knowledge, attitude and
perceived severity of premenstrual syndrome. Premenstrual symptom checklist for a
month was handed over to the students. The general health questionnaire, knowledge
questionnaire and DSM-IV classification for diagnosis of premenstrual symptoms was
used as a tool in their study. The samples completed the daily registration calendar of
premenstrual symptoms in the consecutive cycles and handed over to the researcher.
Overall severity of premenstrual symptoms was calculated as follows≥30% as mild,
50-60% as moderate and >60% as severe symptoms. The mean age of the participants
was 18.9± 4.02 kg/m2. The majority of the subjects n=15, 27.3% were students of
theology. Among 61.8% of the samples father‟s educational level was secondary
school or higher. 16 women (29.1%) had primary school education. (34) 61.8% had
moderate knowledge about premenstrual syndrome, 63.6% had moderate attitude
20
towards premenstrual symptoms. Based on ANOVA test that perceived severity of
premenstrual symptoms and students mean score of knowledge about premenstrual
syndrome were significantly associated (p=0.03, F=3.76). Whereas the mean score of
attitude was not significantly correlated with the perceived severity of premenstrual
symptoms (p=0.60, F=0.51).
Raval et.al.,(2016) explored the commonness of premenstrual syndrome and

premenstrual dysphoric disorder among college students of Bhavnagar, Gujarat. By
convenient sampling method 29 college girls were included. Sample size was
calculated using open Epiversion2, at 99% confidence interval. Minimal sample size
was 30% students aged 17-30 years with regular menstrual cycle and those who were
willing to participate in the study were included. Premenstrual symptom screening
tool developed by Steineret-al with 14 items were used to assess the premenstrual
symptoms. Participant rated their experience of each symptoms and functional
impairment on four point Likert scale as not at all, mild, moderate, and severe.
Structured interview schedule was developed and validated by Accortt et-al includes
11 psychological and physical symptoms. The case record includes demographic data,
menstrual history and PSST. Totally 529 participants were included in the study.
Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Structured clinical
interview was conducted in the presence of female attendant. Total 170 participants
have moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual dysphonic disorder
group. Only 80 participants were called for structured clinical interview for
premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The results derived as the mean age of all
participants was 18.9 ± 1.6 years. Premenstrual symptoms and dysphoric disorder was
associated with young age group as compared to no or mild premenstrual symptoms.
Commerce students had higher rates of premenstrual symptoms and dysphoric
disorder compared to nursing and MBBS students.72 (14.7%) were identified as
moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms. Remaining 399 participants 81.6%
experienced no or mild premenstrual symptoms. According to ICD -10 criteria 91.4%
participants (n=447) had at least one premenstrual symptom, 42 participants 8.6%
reported no symptom. 68.3% reported lack of energy, 60.15 had decreased interest in
work and 59.9% with irritability. In premenstrual dysphoric disorder group, 94.4%
reported lack of energy, 60.15 reported decrease interest in work. Total 298
participants reported at least one area of impaired functioning. Most frequent
21
functional impairment was school or work efficiency and productivity. 76.8% of the
total respondents, 90.3% of moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms and 16 to 18
in premenstrual dysphoric disorder group. The mean menstrual cycle length was 28.9
± 2.3 days. Average age of onset of menstruation was 14.3 ± 1.1 years. There was no
significant difference among groups with respect to length of menstrual cycles, age of
menarche and days of menstrual bleeding (P=0.84).There was significant difference
among groups with respect to positive family history in first degree relative,
menstrual cramps. In Asia the occurrence of premenstrual symptom rate at Bhavnagar
college students was similar and Lack of energy, decrease interest in work was the
common symptoms. Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool was useful for
provisional diagnosis of premenstrual dysphonic disorder.
Development of a Screening Instrument (2016) to assess premenstrual

dysphoric disorder as conceptualized inDSM-5 criteria among Spanish population.
PMDD was assumed by 2820 Spanish women with mean age of 23.43. Among the
randomly selected sub samples with exploratory factor analysis (N=1410) and
(N=1410) with confirmatory factor analysis construct validity was obtained with
empirical evidence. Dysphoria was the first dimension with weight gain. Apathy was
the second dimension displayed. Positive relationship with neuroticism and PMD was
observed. The findings concluded that tool to asses Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
was valid & reliable.
Nasreen Muhtasebet.al, (2015) conducted a cross sectional study to estimate

the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and its severity. Its impact among female
medical students in Saudi Arabia. Self administered questionnaire including
premenstrual symptoms check list were distributed to first two academic year female
medical students. Only 117 students (81.2%) responded and completed the
questionnaire. Premenstrual symptoms were diagnosed with ACOG Criteria monitored
for three successive cycles. The report revealed that mean age was 19.87±0.83, nearly
half of them (50.4%) were from 1st academic year, majority reported moderate socio
economic standard, 94.9% live with their families, 96.6% were single. The severity of
premenstrual symptoms among those diagnosed where 28.8% were of borderline
degree, 25.8% of mild degrees, 22.7% were moderate degrees, 16.6 % were of severe
degrees, 6.1% were disability degrees. There was no significant association between
22
the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and selected variables like lectures
attendance and perceived effect on grades (p>0.05).
Jonda (2015) made an attempt to operationalize symptom diary to assess
premenstrual symptoms and dysphoric disorder with diary. They developed an
interference score and symptom Intensity score (SI score) to evaluate symptom diary.
Ninety eight women aged 20-45 years completed a symptom diary over two menstrual
cycles. A retrospective screening for premenstrual symptoms and answered additional
impairment questionnaires from Aug 2013 to Aug 2015.By using (Cronbachs
alpha=0.83-0.96) scores revealed moderate to good reliability of the tool.
A cross sectional study was done by Fikru, Mebratic (2014) to assess the
prevalence, impacts and medical management of premenstrual syndrome among
female students studying in Mekelle University. Two hundred and fifty eight female
students of College of Health Sciences were enrolled in the study. Systematic
sampling technique was used to select 258 samples in the age group of 15-49 years
with at least two cycles regularly. A semi structured and self administered
questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire includes demographic
characteristics, gynecologic and obstetric profiles. Diagnostic and statistical named of
mental disorder was used to assess the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms.
Questionnaire was distributed to the samples and collected back. Among 258
participants, the response rate was 86.43% which was 223 participants. But only 173
participant‟s data were included for analysis. The commonly reported physical
symptoms were abdominal bloating 141 (81.5%), abdominal cramps 128 (74%),
breast tenderness 118 (68.2%), back pain 115 (66.5%), weakness 107 (61.9%),
generalized body pain 104 (60.1%) and head ache by 100 (57.8%). The psycho-
behavioral symptoms experienced by the participants were loss of interest in doing
things 134 (77.5%), depressed mood 129(34.6%), anger feeling 99 (57.2%) and
difficulty in concentrating 81 (46.8%). 83 (48%) of the participants reported
impairment in the academic performance with their periods, remaining reported that
they did not have performance interference with premenstrual symptoms. 64 (37%) of
the participants had mild type of premenstrual symptoms and 45 (26%) with moderate
premenstrual symptoms. It revealed that the participants whose average length of one
menstrual cycle (3 days) were 5 times (Cor = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.070-0.569, P value =
0.003) more likely to develop premenstrual symptoms when compared with average
23
length of one cycle of menstruation 6-8 days. Impairment of academic performance
was three times (AOR = 0.345, 95% CI = 0.183-0.653, P value = 0.001) more likely
to use premenstrual symptoms treatments as participants who do not have academic
performance impairment. The prevalence of premenstrual symptoms was high among
health sciences students of Mekelle University with prevalence of 37.0%. Commonest
physical symptoms were abdominal bloating, psycho behavioural symptoms were loss
of interest in doing things. Severe symptoms have negative impact on academic and
social performance of students. Average length of premenstrual bleeding affect the
development of premenstrual symptoms.
A Meta analysis was done by Ashraf, Kouroush, Ali and Satarak (2014). They
reviewed the world wide prevalence of premenstrual symptoms. Electronic search
was done between 1996- 2011 using the data base including Pub med and Medline.
The protocol was designed using PRISMA. Totally 53 abstracts were included. 26
papers were eligible for Meta analysis and systemic review. In last stage 17 full text
articles were used in review. Data synthesis was done by using random effect model
of Mantel Haenszel, with available data presented in forest plot. Variance was
calculated using binomial distribution formula. By using Chi-square heterogeneity
was determined with a significance level of <0.1.Meta regression was used to
examine the relationship between the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and
study‟s year and sample size. The results presented as 18,803 individuals were
Participants in the studies. The pooled premenstrual symptoms prevalence rate is 48%
.Based on the retrieved studies Iran has the highest prevalence of premenstrual
symptoms, but correlation between prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and year of
study was not significant (p = 0.797).
A cross sectional study was designed by Zehra Sitwat.et.al,(2013) to observe

the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among students in the University of Karachi,
Pakistan. The study was conducted on 520 healthy female volunteers with average age
of 20 ±1.94 years from Karachi University, by using structure Questionnaire and
thermometer to record the basal body temperature. The result obtained were stated as
most frequent symptoms was irritability 71.05% , 86.84 % fatigue, bowel disturbance
such as constipation and loose stool as 36.36% and 17.65% respectively. Symptoms
like breast tenderness (67.65%), abdominal bloating (47.06%), aggressiveness
24
(29.41%), depression (13.24%), insomnia (5.88%) and anger (7.35%) respectively.
Elevated irritability and breast swelling / tenderness were observed in the age group of
19-24 years (92% and 82%) respectively. 53% of them were with no symptoms, 42%
with mild symptoms, 18.2% with moderate and 31.7% were with severe symptoms. So
the present study suggested that psycho physiological approaches to be treated by non
pharmacological methods and counseling.
Shruti (2013) assessed the commonness of premenstrual symptoms among 50

years and 50 middle aged women at Gujarat. Samples were collected by medical
students from teaching and non teaching staff of SBKS medical institute and research
centre and Dhiraj Hospital of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth. After obtaining oral consent
from the participants the questionnaire was distributed. The participants who filled the
consent form were also enrolled for the study. The filled questionnaire feedback was
retrieved from 50 participants of each group. Permission from the institute ethical
committee was obtained. The result showed that all the participants suffered with
premenstrual symptoms. Among them 58% occasionally and 42% were found to be
suffering regularly. The most common symptoms they suffered were back ache(68%),
cramps (69%), fatigue, breast tenderness, anger (62%), anxiety and generalized body
ache (58%) and food craving (38%) were notably more in young women, (48%) with
mood swing were appreciably with middle age. About 34% participants received
treatment for premenstrual symptoms. This study fulfilled that life style modification
and counseling are essential to reduce or treat premenstrual symptoms.
A co-relational study was designed by Padmavathy, et.al (2013) to assess the

premenstrual syndrome among the school girls at Erode, Tamilnadu. Randomly, 40
adolescent girls were selected. The tool prepared by researcher with baseline Performa
of the samples and the checklist on the common premenstrual symptoms, consisted of
40 items which includes 16 physical symptoms, 12 psychological symptoms and 12
behavioral symptoms. The test highest score was 200 and lowest score was 40. The
scales total score reached 80 points or above, that indicates the occurrence of
premenstrual symptoms. Increases in the scores indicated increases in severity of
premenstrual symptom. Based on the score it is categorized as no symptoms, mild
symptoms, moderate symptoms and severe symptoms. The findings of the study
included 60% of the samples belongs to 15-16 years, 45% of them were using home
25
remedies. There was no significant association between the premenstrual symptoms
score and variable such as age of menarche, duration of cycle, types of flow and
family history of premenstrual symptoms. As physical symptoms increases,
psychological and behavioral symptoms also increase.
Mahin Delara (2012) explored the pervasiveness and connected factors of

premenstrual symptoms among adolescent girls aged between 14 to 19 years at
Sabzenar University of Medical Science, Iran. Totally 1379 female students were
included in the study and distributed premenstrual assessment scale. The premenstrual
assessment scale had 32 items. Scoring was done as 0- no symptom, 1-mild, 2-
moderate, 3- severe. The questionnaire included question about socio demographic
information, menstrual characteristics and educational performance and frequency of
absenteeism from school. Mann Whitney u test was used for comparison. Spearman
correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation of demographic and menstrual
characteristics. About 99.5% of the student reported at least one premenstrual
symptom. Among those 66.3% with mild symptoms, 31.4% with moderate and 2.3%
with severe symptoms. 814 girls (59%) met the diagnostic criteria of premenstrual
disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Most frequently reported symptoms
were back pain, lethargy, fatigue and anxiety. Early menarche and lower education
was associated with higher scores on premenstrual symptoms. This study concluded
that adolescent girls require additional preventive measure and life style modification
to reduce the severity of symptoms.
Published literature was reviewed by Dennerstein et.al. in the year (2011) it‟s a
global study on prevalence and types of premenstrual disorder, symptoms and its
outcome on daily activities and occurrence of illness. Premenstrual disorders differ in
severity of symptoms. This study focused only on psychological symptoms but global
studies tinted on physical symptoms, which interferes with women‟s daily activities.
The study accomplished that the premenstrual symptoms in women was a recurrent
source of concern during their reproductive lives and moderate to severe symptoms
impact on their quality of lives
Heinmannet.al, (2010) explored prevalence of premenstrual symptoms among

19 countries includes North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia and Australia
26
.Women of 15-45 years of age were surveyed for premenstrual symptoms. It was two
months web based survey. Overall 4032 women completed and submitted the
questionnaire. Analysis reported that women with moderate to severe premenstrual
symptoms had increased work alteration and impairment in the work productivity due
to premenstrual symptoms.
Magdy and Nouri (2010) did a prevalence study premenstrual syndrome

among female medical student at King Faisal University at Saudi Arabia. 250 medical
students were included in the study. Based on American college of Obstetrics and
Gynecology premenstrual symptoms was diagnosed. The results obtained were 45%
with mild symptoms, 32.6% moderate and 22.4% have severe symptoms. There were
significant trends for older age, rural residence, family income and family history of
Tschudis‟ (2010) conducted a study in Switzerland with the aim of assessing

the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in a
population based sample of women of entire reproductive age group. A total of 3973
women aged 15 to 54 years were distributed the premenstrual syndrome screening tool
developed by Steiner et.al 3913 women assessed the questions on interference of
premenstrual symptoms with life. 91% of participant reported at least one symptom,
10.3% had premenstrual symptom and 3.1% fulfilled the criteria for premenstrual
symptoms and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Poor physical health and
psychological disorders were strongly associated with premenstrual symptoms.
Heinemann, (2010) did a web based study conducted multinationally in the

university of Melbourne. Women aged 15-45 years were screened for premenstrual
symptoms. The tools used were daily record of severity of problems, modified version
of work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire. Work productivity
impairment and absenteeism were assessed retrospectively for a period of 2 months.
Participants were categorized as having no perceived symptoms, mild or moderate to
severe based on validated algorithms. Overall 477 women started the study of them,
822 (56%) completed the study and depicts the analysis. Employed women with
moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms had higher rate of productivity impairment
to those with mild premenstrual symptoms. Similar outcomes were obtained for
27
impairment of working productivity or efficiency using the PSST scale. The mean
number of days on daily record of severity of problems was higher for women with
moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms.
Yamamoto et.al, (2009) identified the relationship between premenstrual

symptoms, menstrual pain, irregular menstrual cycles, and psychosocial stress among
Japanese college students.264 female students with mean age of 19.4 years, were
included in the study. 43 students missed the date. Only 221 students were analyzed.
79% of them reported premenstrual symptoms, 79% with menstrual pain and 63%
irregular menstrual cycles had higher stress scores. By using multiple logistic
regression, stress score, heavy menstrual flow, menstrual pain cure significant
predictors for premenstrual symptoms. Stress score and body mass index were found
to be significant. Stress alters the menstrual function.
A cross sectional study was carried out by Nour, Mahnaz and Golbahar
(2009) to determine the prevalence and severity of premenstrual symptoms among
Iranian females of Zahedan University at Iran. It included female students with 18-27
years of age .Overall 300 participants were asked to fill the anonymous questionnaire
to assess premenstrual symptoms. The participants were instructed to identify
symptom they had experienced during two weeks preceding their menstruation (93
days, 4-6 days, 7-14 days before menstruation). The result showed that the age of 300
students ranged from 18 to 27 years with a mean age of 21.64 ± 2.13 years. Among
the 298 participants (98.2%) reported at least one symptom among the twenty
symptoms. 84 % had lethargy, 72.3% with depressed mood, 70.3% feeling of
sadness, 70% anxiety, 69% backache, 66% with sleep problems. Commonest
psychological symptoms were 84% with tiredness, 72.3% with depressed
mood,70.3% with mood changes. There was significant difference between the
severity of symptoms and 18-20 years of old age group and no difference in marital
status and those living with parents. The present study reported that 98.25 participants
have at least one premenstrual symptom, 885 with moderate symptoms, 735 have
severe symptoms.
28
Christine et.al. (2008) compared the prevalence and sternness of premenstrual
symptoms between the younger (13-15 years old) and older (16-18 year) adolescents.
75 adolescent girls were assessed by self reported premenstrual assessment form.
Participants had a mean age of 14.8, 96% identified themselves as Caucasian, 3% as
African- American and 1% as Asian. All the participants reported at least one
premenstrual symptoms of minimal severity (88%) with moderate symptoms, 73%
with severe premenstrual symptoms or extreme with 56% symptom. Most generally
reported symptoms were food cravings, abdominal discomfort, mood swings, stressed
feeling, dissatisfaction with appearance. This study concluded that premenstrual
symptoms reported as being moderate or greater in severity were found to be reported
high.
SamiaZahid, Rijura (2005) worked on an observational study to assess the

premenstrual syndrome frequency and severity in young girls at Peshwar in Khyber
Medical College. Study was conducted from 15th March to 15th June 2004. By
convenient sampling 384 young girls were included for the study, based on statistical
formula. Moos menstrual distress questionnaire consist of 29 stem was used as
premenstrual assessment form. It was monitored before two weeks of menstrual cycle.
Questionnaires were discussed, obtain consent and distributed to the students to be
filled prospectively over 2 cycles. Unmarried girls with regular menstrual cycle was
included Based on ICD – 10 criteria samples were selected. Among 384 girls who
returned the questionnaire completed in all aspects.186 (53%) girls were diagnosed as
having PMS. Among 186, 93 girls were with mild premenstrual syndrome 59 girls
were with severe, and 64 (18.2%) girls were diagnosed as premenstrual dysphoric
disorder. The result reported existence of (86.5%) with general body discomfort,
(75.7%) with pain, (100%) of them with irritability, anxiety (96.4%) were the major
findings.
Rasheed and Sowielem (2003) studied the risk factors of premenstrual

syndrome among 464 samples using self reported questionnaire. The samples in the
colleges such as medical, nursing, medical technology/respiratory therapy educational
programmes at a Demmam university were selected. Women were asked about the
frequency of symptoms for past six months. A step wise multiple regression analysis
29
was performed to determine which of severe bio psychosocial and dietary factors
influenced premenstrual symptom score. (96.6%) samples experienced at least one
premenstrual symptoms and 176 (37.5%) had a high severity score. Premenstrual
symptom frequency was significantly associated with maternal history of
premenstrual syndrome, self perception of mental stress, consumption of sweet tasting
foods and coffee. The researchers concluded that women with premenstrual
symptoms might eliminate sweet tasting food and caffeine containing beverages,
particularly coffee from their diet.
The occurrence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder during one menstrual cycle

was evaluated by McHichi et.al (2002) among 618 women in Casablanca. 310(50.2%)
samples met the criteria of a premenstrual dysphoric disorder .The mean age of the
population was 32.28 years ranging from 20-50 years. Among them married women
was 54.8%.66.5% of them had children between 1 to 4years.During premenstrual
phase77.7% of them were found with marked depressive mood, feeling of
hopelessness, difficulty in concentration,82.8% of them with obvious change in
appetite, food cravings. 59.7% with hypersomnia,55.3% of the subject‟s felt a sense of
being overwhelmed. 91.6% with lethargy and excessive fatigability,91.6% with
physical symptoms including breast tenderness, swelling, headache, joint or muscle
pain, 81.9% with sensation of bloating and weight gain. The most severe symptoms
were irritability and fatigue. Based on this literature, this is a common disorder that
had impact on mental health and quality of life of the women with premenstrual
dysphoric disorder.
30
Effect of Relaxation Technique on premenstrual syndrome
Su-ying T sai (2015) conducted a study from Aug 2014 to Oct 2015 among
female workers employed in large electronic manufacturers in Taiwan. Female
employees aged 20-45 years with healthy premenopausal women taking no oral
contraceptives, no medication for last 3 months. Simple experimental study design
was adopted. Among 401 female employees, only 269 subjects were included in the
study. Only 64 female employees completed full 12-week yoga exercise program
&134 employees did not completed 12 week course or dropped out. Short form 36-
item health survey was used as a tool to asses PMS trained yoga instructor, facilitated
the intervention of 50 min session twice a week for a duration of 12 weeks. Each 50
min session comprised of 5 min breathing exercise, 35 min yoga pose practice&10
min surprise meditation/relaxation. In the study Kapalabhati, Pranayama, breathing
exercise of yoga poses (cat-cow, child pose, downward dog, plank& cobra)were
included in yoga protocol.
A total of 64 subjects completed the intervention study. The mean age of the
subjects were 34.0 + 5.5 years, most of the subjects 56.3%were between 31 &40 yrs
of age and 62.5% had a college education level. Among the subjects 86% were office
workers ad 25% were shift workers.44.4% subjects reported that they felt stress in
daily life or work.
Majority 67.2% of the subjects were 11 to 15 years old at menarche, 17.2% of

them reported irregular menstruation and 75% reported moderate menstrual flow. As
demonstrated by the above data high prevalence of physical premenstrual symptoms
in female employees, negatively affected their health related quality of life which in
turn decreases occupational productivity. After 12 weeks of yoga exercises in the
work place, it effectively reduces the premenstrual symptoms.
A quasi experimental study was conducted in India among the 100 medical
undergraduates. Among those 75 volunteered for the study. Out of 78 volunteers 65
females were recruited for the study .To orient to the study, they were given a lecture
on premenstrual symptoms. The questionnaire was designed on the basis of ACOG
criteria. It was distributed to all the subjects to record the symptoms prospectively for
two consecutive menstrual cycles. Questionnaire included somative and affective
31
symptoms. Only 58 subjects were found to have premenstrual symptoms. One group
of 20 girls who volunteered for yoga, another group of 20 to consume oral tablets of
calcium carbonate. Remaining 18 subjects were included as control group.
The yoga instructor tailored the instruction. Yoga was practiced for one hour
daily, 5 days in a week for a period of three months. The schedule included was OM,
is a mantra, various Yogasanas in standing, sitting and lying down positions,
Pranayama and Bhramarigunjan. At the end, session was concluded with Shavasana.
In the other group, calcium was supplemented around 500 mg orally for a period of 3
months. Students were enforced to consume calcium tablet in front of the researcher.
In the control group, 18 subjects were neither given yoga nor calcium. After three
months without the intervention the assessment of severity of symptoms was again
done by the same questionnaire.
Among 58 medical students, mean age of the subjects were 19.4 (1.07) years.
The mean weight of the control group was 51.2 kg at the beginning which declined to
51 kg at the end of the study (P < 0.05).In calcium group the mean weight was 53.9
kg and 52 kg at commencement and completion of study (P<0.05).A significant
reduction in pulse rate, and weight was observed in the yoga group when compared to
other two groups.
This study was a quasi experimental study to find the effect of positive self
talk, relaxation, and combination of both on the premenstrual symptoms. By using
simple random sampling method 80 women with pre menstrual symptoms were
selected. The first group underwent positive self talk and second group relaxation.
The third group received both the intervention. The duration of treatment was 8 one
hour sessions, with the help of premenstrual symptoms severity questionnaire were
used to assess the symptoms. The results showed that relaxation (23.2), positive self
talk(21.25) methods was effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms at
(P<0.001).The combined treatment method (relaxation and self talk) was more
effective in reducing the premenstrual symptoms.
Kanojia et, al, (2013) investigated the effectiveness of integrated yoga on

autonomic and psychological well being of young female during pre and post phases
of menstrual cycle. It was a randomized control trial conducted in the Physical
32
Department of Lady Hardinge Medical College in New Delhi. Healthy 50 females in
the age group of 18-20 years were randomized into two group each consisting of 25.
Group I as experimental group, Group II as control group. Experimental group
practiced yoga 35 to 40 minutes per day, 6 times per week for the duration of three
menstrual cycles. Yoga instructor gave the training. Following physiological
parameters were recorded at the beginning and after the completion of three menstrual
cycles in all the subjects. Assessment of psychological status was done by
administering inventories of anger self reported scale, traits anxiety, sense of well
being and depression scale. Paired „T‟ test was done for intra group comparison of
physiological parameters. Non parametric data such as scores of anxiety, depression
and sense of well being was done by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Inter group
comparison of parameters done by „t‟ test and Mann-Whitney u test for nonparametric
test. The results obtained were that there was significantly higher percentage of
decrease in body weight, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood
pressure in yoga group as compared to control group in both menstrual cycles. There
was a significant difference in decrease in anger, depression, anxiety and increase in
well being score in experimental group than in control group. This study concluded
that regular practice of yoga has beneficial effects on both phases of menstrual cycles.
Sharma et.al, in the year 2013 investigated among the north Indians ,the effect
of anuloma-viloma (Pranayama) and yogic asana on premenstrual syndrome. The
participants comprised of 60 females with premenstrual symptoms aged between 18-
40 years, having 28-34 days regular menstrual cycle. Based on random sampling
method, they divided into 3 equal group with 20 sample namely A (no intervention),
B (Anuloma-viloma) and C (Yogic asana). The parameters were Blood pressure, heart
rate, electromyogram, Gahanna skin response, respiratory rate, peripheral temperature
were recorded simultaneously, on an automated biofeedback apparatus. The subjects
of two groups performed yogic exercises regularly for seven days prior to each
menstrual cycle. Based on 3 observations the values were compared and computed
with basal level. There was a highly significant difference between the baseline data
and subsequent observation between the groups at p<0.05 level. This present study
concluded that relaxation technique showed a reduction in the severity of symptoms
in the study group than the control group.
33
Jawad Khalatbari and Samira Salimy Rejhad (2012) evaluated the effect of
relaxation on premenstrual syndrome at Azad university among the under graduate
and post graduate students. Among 80 students with premenstrual syndrome, they
were randomized 60 students in each groups (control and experimental group). An
experimental research with pre test, relaxation and post test was done. Physical and
psychological changes of premenstrual syndrome were effective among the student
for a duration of one month intervention (λ=0.92).
Veena Jasuja et.al (2010) evaluated the effect of Progressive Muscle

Relaxation technique on psychological aspect of premenstrual symptoms among the
physiology department students at Vadodara, Gujarat. The aim of the study was to
assess the psychological parameters such as Depression, anxiety, premenstrual
symptoms. In the age group of 18 to 40 years volunteered for this study. The tool used
to collect the data was Beck Depression Inventory and State Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation was given to the study group A, for one month
duration and control group B without intervention was evaluated. Paired student t test
was used to analyze the data. Alpha error was set at 1% level.PMR showed a
significant reduction in depression score and anxiety score at (P<0.001) on
premenstrual symptoms. It concluded that Progressive Muscle Relaxation helps to
alleviate symptoms of premenstrual symptoms.
Dickerson (2003) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of relaxation

technique on premenstrual syndrome. Symptoms were categorized into three parts
which was behavioral- psychological, emotional and physiological changes, The
symptoms scored as 1- No symptom, 2-mild symptom, 3-Moderate symptom and 4-
Severe symptom. Out of 300 student 260 filled questionnaire and 40 didn‟t co-
operated, only 80 students who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected as
samples and randomize it into two groups. Experimental group received relaxation
training hatha yoga in seven sessions(each session included thirty minutes).Control
group doesn‟t received any relaxation training. Then questionnaire were given to both
groups for one month in order to study the effect of training. Result obtained from the
analysis of premenstrual syndrome was pre test and post test mean score calculated
value was n2=0.579which showed the high effect of relaxation training on
34
premenstrual symptoms. So there was a significant difference between the post test
grades of premenstrual syndromes in both control and experimental group. Hence this
study proved that relaxation technique was effective in reducing the premenstrual
symptoms.
Effect of Aerobics Exercises on premenstrual syndrome.
Kummasachin et.al, (2014) conducted a cross-sectional study in the health and

fitness centre in Manipal University. Totally ten female subjects in the age group of
30-45 years were divided into exercising and Non exercising groups. Exercise group
were from fitness centre, non exercising group were from general population.
Information‟s was collected through self reported questionnaire. Premenstrual
syndrome questionnaire was also distributed to the samples. Premenstrual symptoms
included psychological behavior, physical symptoms, autonomic symptoms,
neurological symptoms, electrolyte changes and skin changes. After gathering the
information as pre test assessment, the aerobic exercise programme was for one hour,
three times a week for six months. Aerobic exercise program consisted of 5 minutes
warm up, followed by 45 minutes time and trunk fast exercises session and 10
minutes cool down. Movement such as jumping jacks, pushups, squats, staircase step
were conducted so as to raise the heart rate. Post test was done with the same
premenstrual tool. The researchers observed that psychological, behavioral and
physical symptoms were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the exercising group than
non exercising group. Skin changes were significantly less (p<0.01) in the exercises
than non exercises group.
A quasi experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of

aerobics and walking exercise on physical and psychological symptoms and pain of
premenstrual syndrome. It was conducted on 70 volunteer with age of 18 to 32 years
old female students with at least 40% premenstrual symptoms. Participants were
randomly assigned into three groups of aerobic, walking and control group. Aerobic
exercise practice for thirty minutes daily for 3 months. Walking group practiced fast
walking for three months daily. All of the participants completed the standard
questionnaire of jack tip for three times – before intervention, observation and three
month after the intervention. The result enforced that pain reduction was significant at
35
the end of first and third month of intervention (p=0.008) (p=0.047).A significantly
difference was observed for physical symptoms after the menstrual cycles. No
significant difference was observed in psychological symptoms after first and third
cycles. Aerobic exercise is more effective in reducing pain, but doesn‟t help in
psychological symptoms.
Zenab Samadi et.al, (2013) analyzed the effectiveness of regular aerobic

exercise on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in non athletic girls. In this
design there were two groups, experimental group with intervention and control group
without intervention. Female student of 18 to 25 years of age studying at Islamic
Azad University Khorasgan branch. Premenstrual symptom standard complaints
checklist, Beck depression Inventory and Beck anxiety inventory was used. Obtained
written consent from the samples and calendar was provided to record daily
symptoms for four cycles, 2 pre training course and two during the training and asked
them to complete it from the first day of the cycle. At the end of second cycle data
was collected. 40 girls were divided into two groups by simple random sampling.
Each group consists of 20 numbers. Aerobic exercise was done for duration of 60
minutes in each session for a period of 8 weeks. Each session consists of 5 minutes
warm up and rapid movement for 50 movements and cool down phase for 5 minutes.
In the first week training was equivalent to 60%maximum heart rate and gradually
increased to 80% heart rate maximum in the last session. After a month for both the
groups questionnaire was distributed and practice was continued in the second month.
At the end of the second month post test was performed. The result showed that the
mean age menarche and Body mass index in the group before the intervention had no
significant difference. The reduction of premenstrual symptoms after 8 week was
highly significant than 4 weeks. Hence aerobic exercise reveals a positive effect on
Vishnupriya and Rajarajeswaram (2013) conducted a study in the Puduchery

community people to analyze the potential benefit of aerobic exercise among 61
female subjects. Female subjects were randomly allotted into three groups. Group A
(mild intensity), group B (moderate intensity) and group C (severe intensity). Aerobic
exercises were given for 6 weeks. The outcome measure tools were menstrual
symptom questionnaire, vo2 maximum, Forced vital capacity, Maximum voluntary
36
ventilation and lipid profile. The results proved that there is a significant decrease in
premenstrual symptoms in both groups B and C. Group C improved with increased
rate of perceived exertion. LDL level did not change significantly but HDL, TGL.
VO2 max, FVC and MVC was improved significantly in group B and C remain
unchanged in group A. This study encourages the employment of regular moderate
intensity aerobic exercise as a potential exercise intervention for premenstrual
symptoms.
Zinat Ghanbari et.al., (2008) conducted a quasi experimental study to
determine the effectiveness of three months regular aerobic exercise on premenstrual
syndrome. Total of 91 volunteer women with regular menstrual cycle in Tehran
University of medical science were selected. A modified menstrual distress
questionnaire tool was used to assess the premenstrual symptoms. The participants
were divided into two groups, Non exercised (n=48) and exercised (n=43) groups.
The time duration of exercise was one hour and was carried out three times per week
for three months. Premenstrual symptoms were compared with the groups P value
was significant at P <0.05 level. There was no correlation between age, education,
marital status and severity of premenstrual symptoms.
Quality of life on Pre menstrual symptoms
A prevalence study to assess premenstrual symptoms and its effect on daily

activities and burden of illness was conducted. Published literature was retrieved.
Premenstrual disorders vary in severity of symptoms. This study focuses on
psychological symptoms but global studies highlighted on physical symptoms, which
interferes with women‟s daily activities. The study conducted that the premenstrual
symptoms in women was a frequent source of concern during their reproductive lives
and moderate to severe symptoms impact on their quality of lives.
Isik et.al, (2016) were interested to find the impact of quality of life on
premenstrual symptoms. In the turkey state university at the health campus, total of
608 volunteer female students were asked to fill that questionnaire. It includes socio
demographic data, premenstrual symptoms, and sf-36 life quality tests.84.5% of the
participants had PMS. The average PMS score was 8118.34plus or minus 37.5,
general health scores were 20.03 plus or minus 3.72 respectively. Students who had
irregular breakfast, consumed alcohol or fast food, drank 12 cups of coffee per day
37
had higher PMS scores. History of irregular menstruation &family history had PMS
scores. As serenity of PMS increased, quality of life of students significantly
decreased.
Delara M et.al, (2012) evaluated a study to assess the health related quality of
life among Sabzevar boarding school adolescents with premenstrual disorder.602
adolescent school girls in the age group of 14 and 19 years with premenstrual
symptoms were included as sample. Health related quality of life was measured using
short form health survey. Among 602 adolescent girls, 224(37.2%) met the diagnostic
criteria of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. When compared between two groups
(premenstrual disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder), it was found that there
was significant difference between two groups in all measure such as emotional,
physical, social functioning and body pain at p<0.001 except for physical functioning.
The study findings confirmed that the adolescent girls with premenstrual disorder had
poor health related quality of life.
Gulpinar and Mericcolac (2011) studied the impact of quality of life on

premenstrual symptom among the medical science faculty of Baskent University.
Obtained consent from 316 students who was willing to participate in the study. The
date of research was compiled by using questionnaire, premenstrual symptom rating
scale and life quality scale, percentage distribution, chi-square test, one way ANOVA
test, logistic repression, multinomial regression analysis were used. The result showed
that premenstrual symptom was detected in 72.1% of the students. The most frequent
symptoms reported as low back pain, stress-discomfort, nervousness, breast
tenderness. Premenstrual symptoms was found significantly high in those student who
have dysmenorrheal, who consume 2 cups of coffee or above per day and who smoke
and drink alcohol (p<0.05). When the relation of premenstrual symptoms with life
quality was evaluated, it was determined that quality of life affected as premenstrual
symptoms score averagely increases (p<0.05).
Choi et.al (2010) assessed the impact of premenstrual symptoms on activities
of daily life among Korean women. It was online survey. Women aged 15-49 years
were included in the study. The tools used were, American college of obstetrics and
gynecology and Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder criteria was 32.1
38
and 2.8% respectively. Among 23 documented symptoms, the core predominant
symptoms were joint pain, muscle and back pain, abdominal pain and irritability.
Physical symptoms were more prevalent from mental symptoms. There was a high
significance with impaired activities of daily life with severity of premenstrual
symptoms.
Lustyz et.al, (2004) conducted a study to assess the stress, quality of life and
physical activity in the women with premenstrual symptoms at Seattle, U.S. Women
with premenstrual symptoms aged 18-33 years were included in this study.
Premenstrual symptoms, stress, quality of life and exercise intensity, frequency,
volume were assessed based on premenstrual symptoms women were divided into
high and low premenstrual syndrome group and associated on stress, quality of life
and exercise variables. Result revealed that there was a significant association among
the women with high premenstrual symptoms and more stress, poor quality of life
than women with low premenstrual symptoms (p<0.05). Groups did not significantly
differ on any of these exercise variables. There were a non linear relationship
suggesting that women who exercise often or never do not associate exercise with
their symptoms, women with worst symptoms may respond by exercising.
This study was conducted at Shahid Chamran University in Tehran, Iran.

Female students with premenstrual symptoms were selected as samples.40 students
with premenstrual symptoms were randomly assigned to the intervention and control
group participants in the intervention group received ten sessions of cognitive
behavioral therapy and control group did not receive any treatment. The results of
ANCOVA were statistically significant (P<0.01) and showed that group CBT
improved the quality of life in the experimental group when compared to the control
group.
A cross sectional study was conducted among the Iranian adolescents, aged
between 14 and 19 years were included in the study. The tools were international
classification of disease and Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder.
Health related quality of life was measured using short health survey. The data were
analyzed in a descriptive fashion and compared among subgroups of the study
sample. Among 602 female students, all the students reported at least one
39
premenstrual symptom. Among these 224(37.2%) met the diagnostic criteria of
premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It was found that there was a significance between
these two group in all measures (p<0.001) except for physical, weak functioning
(p=0.0274). This study findings affirm that adolescent with premenstrual disorder has
poor health related quality of life.
Other interventions of premenstrual symptoms

Zahribeh boodi moghadem et.al conducted a double blinded clinical trial at
Tehran University of medical sciences from a March to end of August 2013 and
provided necessary explanation to the students. The questionnaire was distributed to
the 400-700 students living in university dormitories. Based on mood, physical,
emotional, behavioral symptoms tool was distributed and explained to the students to
fill the form from the first day of menstrual cycles for two cycles. Zero was given in
the absence of symptoms, mild was given one, moderate was given two and severe
was given three. Among them, only 140 students completely filled forms. Each
person was assigned a code number and premenstrual symptoms was calculated from
total score of students, that indicates score of 1-190 indicated mild,191-380
moderate,381-570 severe form of premenstrual symptoms. Then randomly lottery
method was used and allotted in two groups A and B group belongs to valerian root
extract group and B group with placebo technique (control group).
Valerian capsule and placebo capsule was prepared with the same packaging
and coded drug was advised to consume twice a day in the morning and evening after
a meal. Drug to be taken with one glass of water in the last seven days of menstrual
cycle for 3 days. Record sheets were coded similar to student code. Each student was
given three forms for three menstrual cycles. Researcher encoded the proper use of
drugs through phone calls. Drug was prepared under the supervision of
pharmacologist.
Data analysis showed that most of the subjects in both groups were in the age
group of 20-25 years, the mean and standard deviation of BMI were used to B and A
groups respectively, 22.55 +4.36 and 22.48 + 3.99.The economic situations were
appropriate in both the groups.
40
The mean and standard deviation of duration of premenstrual symptoms were
4.54+2.03 in B group and 4.35 + 3.42 in A group. Paired t test results indicated that
there was no statistically significant differences between before and after the
intervention in the severity of premenstrual symptoms in the control
group(p<0.051),but the significant difference was observed in experimental group
(p<0.01).Also Independent t test showed the statistically significant differences were
in mean severity of premenstrual symptoms in both B and A group(p<0.01).Repeated
measures ANOVA showed emotional(p=0.853),behavioral p=0.970),physical
(p=0.552) symptoms before and after the intervention in the control group were not
statistically significant, while in valerian observed a significant difference at P<0.001
level.
This study concluded that severity of physical, emotional, behavioral

symptoms before one,two,three months after taking the drug(valerian extract) showed
significant difference between case and control groups (p=0.0001).
Sapna bhavin patel (2011) explored the effectiveness of guided imagery

technique on premenstrual syndrome among nursing students in Bangalore. Eighty
nursing students suffering with premenstrual syndrome were included as study
participants. Then guided imagery technique was recorded on audio CD which
contains natural sounds, like fall, rain, children laugh, beach waves, and breeze.
Relaxation programme was given for 21 days, and then post assessment was done
with the same tool. Analysis reported the guided imaginary technique was effective in
reducing the premenstrual symptoms.
Tachankanho (2006) identified the effect of nutritional educational programme

on premenstrual symptoms among nursing college students. Purposive sampling
technique was used to select the nursing student‟s experimental group 29 and control
group 27. The tools used in the study were premenstrual symptoms, premenstrual
knowledge and self health behavior. With help of these tools the data was collected
and the nutritional educational programme was given for 8 weeks only for the
experimental group. Then the post test was done with the same tool. After the
intervention, the experimental group showed the significant increase in premenstrual
41
symptom knowledge (Z=6.32, P=0.00) and self health behavior (t=3.00, P=0.004)
compared to the control group. In the experimental group there was a significant
increase in premenstrual symptom knowledge (Z=4.64, P=0.00) and the self health
behaviour (t = -3.04, P=0.005) then before the intervention. The above study proved
that premenstrual symptom nutritional education programme was proven useful.
Review of premenstrual disorders, etiology, various symptoms, and treatment

options. 40% of the women with child bearing age who suffered with premenstrual
symptoms. The symptoms include mood swings, tension, anger, irritability, headache,
bloating and increased appetite with food cravings. The symptoms could be relieved or
reduced through life style intervention such as exercise and dietary changes. Selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors as first line treatment and calcium supplement through
dietary sources can relieve the symptoms.
Summary
This chapter had dealt with the review of research literature related to the
problem stated.113 literatures were from the primary sources and 2 literatures were
from the secondary sources. It had helped the researcher to understand the impact of
the problem under study. It has also enabled the investigator to design the study,
develop the tool, and plan for data collection procedure and to analyze the date.
42
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the aspects like research approach, research design,
research setting, population, samples and sampling technique, sampling criteria,
variables, selection and development of study instruments, psycho metric properties
of the instruments, data collection procedure, pilot study and data analysis.
Research Approach
Research approach adopted for this study was Quantitative approach. The
researcher intended to compare the effect of Relaxation technique and Aerobic
exercises on premenstrual symptoms among the college students.
Research Design
The research design adopted for this study was comparative research design.
The research design is represented diagrammatically as follows.
Experimental group I: O1 ,O2 X1 O3, X1 O4 , X1 O5 ,O6 , O7.

Experimental group II: O1 ,O2 X2 O3 , X2 O4 , X2 O5 ,O6 , O7.
X1: Relaxation technique X2: Aerobic Exercises
O1, O2: Assessment of premenstrual symptoms before the intervention in the

experimental group I and II in the first month and second month. In the first month
WHOQOL bref tool was used to assess the Quality of Life among the college
students.
O3,O4,O5: Assessment of premenstrual symptoms during the intervention in

the experimental group I and II in the third, fourth and fifth month cycles.
O6, O7: Assessment of premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the

experimental group I and II in the following sixth and seventh cycles. WHOQOL
bref tool was used to assess the quality of life after the intervention.
43
X1-Intervention: Relaxation Technique refers to the deep breathing technique,
followed by head to foot relaxation technique. It is inhaling through the nose by
mental count of four, and then hold the breath for count of seven and exhaling through
the mouth for count of eight. This is one cycle. It is repeated for 4 cycles. In foot to
head relaxation, each part of the body parts are relaxed sequentially as follows. Right
foot, left foot, Right calf, Left calf, Right thigh, Left thigh, Hips and buttocks,
Stomach, Chest, Back, Right arm and hand, Left arm and hand, Neck and shoulders
and face and vice versa for a duration of 30 min five days in a week for three months.
Researcher underwent training on Relaxation Technique for a duration of three
months(Annexure-8).It was administered by the trained researcher.
X2-Intervention: Aerobic Exercises were performed for the duration of 50

minutes five days in a week for three months. It includes three phases, warm up
phase, aerobic dance and cool down phase. Warm up phase for duration of 10 minutes
and each movement for 16 counts. Heel movements, upward reaches, Neck
movements, Arm rotation, Trunk rotation, Hip rotation, Knee rolling, Harm string
stretches, Leg movements. Aerobic Dance for the duration of 30 minutes. Hops,
upward reaches, Abdomen crunches, Jogging in place, Jumping jacks, Rocking side to
side, Alternate shoulder shrugs, Opposite elbow to knee, Alternate knee lifts, Back
extensions, Forward and backward kicks. Cool down phase was ten minutes.Heel
movements, Jogging,Flexion of the trunk between the legs. It was administered by the
trained researcher. Researcher underwent training at Sneha cultural Academy for
Aerobics exercises(Annexure-9) It was administered by the trained researcher.
Variables
Independent Variables
It is the variable hypothesized to the outcome variable of interest. In this
study, the independent variable was Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises for
the college students with premenstrual symptoms.
44
Dependant Variables
It is the variable hypothesized to depend on or to be caused by another
variable.It was the Level of PMS and Quality of life among the college students with
Research Settings
RVS Group of Institutions consists of 128 colleges in and around the state.
One among these is situated in Sulur. It is situated 10-15 Kms away from Coimbatore
city. It includes Arts and science colleges, Engineering, Para medical science,
Indigenous system of medicine, Teacher training institute, Polytechnic, Management
studies, Banking courses. This study was conducted in the R.V.S. Hostel campus.It
has five hostel campus with accommodation of 1100 students. Each hostel
accommodates nearly 220 students.
Target Population
The target population comprises of college students in adolescent age group.
Accessible Population
College students those who were studying in selected arts and science colleges
undergoing undergraduate programme with premenstrual symptoms.
College students
Hostel students with pre-menstrual symptoms who fulfilled the inclusion
criteria.
Estimating Sample size
Based on power analysis the prevalence of PMS was 45% among the hostel
students in the research setting with allowable error 11% and power of 89% college
students with PMS. The statistical significance become measured as P<0.05 level.
Consider 5% dropout the calculated sample size was 97 in each group.
n=(1-n/N)*t2(p*q)/d2
n=sample size
N=size of eligible population
45
t2=square value of standard deviation that refer to area under normal
distribution.
P=Prevalence rate
q=100-p
d2=square value of one half in the precision value in the sample estimation.
(1-n/N)=It is not taken in consideration because its little effect on sample size
estimation.
t2 =(1.96)2
p =45%
q=100-45=65
d2=112
= 1.96 *1.96(45*65)/112
=
3.8416*2925/121
= 11236.68/121
= 92.86 =93
= 5% dropouts add5/100*93=4
Therefore total sample size n= 97
Sample Size
In each hostel the participants were screened for premenstrual symptoms by
using the checklist.100 students in unit III and 100 in unit V were with premenstrual
symptoms. Sample size was 97 hostel students with premenstrual symptoms in unit
III hostel (experimental group I) and 97 hostel students in unit V hostel (experimental
group II). After the deletion of drop outs the sample size was 89 College students in
experimental group 1 and 92 College students in experimental group 11.
Sampling technique
R.V.S. Educational trust hostel in Sulur was selected area of setting based on
the convenience of the researcher and cooperation of the concerned authority. Only
hostel students were included in the study. There were five hostels in the campus,
among these two hostels were selected randomly. In each hostel, college students
were screened by using the premenstrual symptoms checklist. Total sampling
method was used to select the samples in each hostel. All the college students with
46
premenstrual symptoms were included as samples. They were asked to enter in the
premenstrual symptom diary based on severity of symptoms.
Inclusion Criteria
 College students who were staying in the hostel and were willing to participate
in the study.
 College students with regular menstrual cycle.
 Age between 17-23 years.
 Full time undergraduate students.
Exclusive Criteria
 College students do not have PMS symptoms.
 History of diseases such as asthma, diabetic, renal, cardiac, psychiatric,
thyroid, epilepsy or on medication.
 History of menstrual problems such as, menorrhagia, metrorhagia, polycystic
ovary disease.
Tools
The description of the tools along with psychometric properties were

presented below.
1. Demographic Variable Proforma

It consists of age, address, area, Family type, family size, education, fathers
education, mother‟s education, father‟s occupation, mother‟s occupation, total income
per month.
2. Clinical Variable Proforma

Height, Weight, Waist Hip ratio, BMI, Age at menarche, Menstrual cycle,
source of your knowledge on PMS.
3. Dietary Variable Proforma

It consists of intake of fast food, intake of fried food, intake of coffee /tea,
Intake of milk and milk products, Intake of fruits, Intake of green leafy vegetables.
47
4. Premenstrual Symptoms Diary
The premenstrual symptoms was categorized as follows. It consists of physical
symptoms, psychological symptoms, behavioural symptoms and pain. Physical
symptoms include tiredness,Insomnia,changes in sexual interest,foodcravings,breast
tenderness,nausea.Psychologicalsymptoms include irritability,anger,anxiety,
depression, crying, difficulty in concentrating.Behaviouralsymptomsincludes
relationship problem and feeling overwhelmed.Pain includes
Headache,Backpain,Abdominal pain, muscle and joint pain,weightgain.Itwas a
subjective checklist recorded by the sample everyday. Researcher distributed the
Premenstrual symptoms diary to the College students and instructed to circle the
days of menstrual period and record them daily in the diary. This helps the samples
to confirm premenstrual period that occurs five days before the menstruation.
Scoringand Interpretation
It is a four point scale. Minimum score for each question was 1 and maximum
score for each question was 4. changes in sexual interest was not applicable for the
students, so the score was given as one-no symptom.
No symptom-1; Mild symptom-2; Moderate symptom-3; Severe symptom-4.
5.World Health Organisation BREF Quality of Life Tool.

This tool is a standardized tool used during observation 1(first month) and
observation 7(seventh month) during pre menstrual period.
It consists of 26 items. Physical health-7 item, psychological health-6, social
relationship-3, environmental health-8, general aspect-2
Scoring and Interpretation

Each question carries 1 mark. Minimum mark is 1 for each question and
maximum 5 mark. 3 questions had negative scoring. 2 in physical health and 1 in
psychological health.
6. Level of satisfaction of the college students.

Rating scale was used to assess the interventions in the experimental group I
and II. This tool was prepared by investigator to assess the level of satisfaction of
relaxation exercise and aerobic exercises.
48
Number of items in each tool were 14.It is a 4 point scale. Maximum score
was 56 and minimum score was 14 .
4-Highly satisfied ;3-satisfied ; 2-dissatisfied; 1highly dissatisfied.
Validation of tools
Content validity
Content validity of the tools for demographic, clinical profile, dietary habits,
premenstrual symptom diary, and World Health Organization BREF Quality of life
tool and rating scale to measure the level of satisfaction of the relaxation and aerobic
exercises were established by obtaining opinion and suggestion from the experts in
the field of obstetrics & gynecologist (1), obstetrics and gynecological nursing (3),
psychologist (2), sociologist (1), and statistician (1). Main tools such as premenstrual
symptoms diary and WHOQOL BREF tool were standardized tool, so no corrections
were given by the experts. There was 100% agreement in all the items of the
tools.only few items such as dietary variable,demographic variable had 90%
agreement. Hence no modifications were done. Level of satisfaction in the
intervention Aerobic exercises,in the item administration of Aerobic exercises,it can
be practiced indoor was added as per experts suggestion. content validity index
(Annexure 6).
Reliability
The researcher used the standardized tool to assess the premenstrual
symptoms and the quality of the life tool.
WHOQOL Bref tool: Intra-rater reliability was 0.84-0.93(ICC range).
Inter-rater reliability was 0.56-0.95(ICC range).
The reliability of Level of Satisfaction on the interventions among the

experimental groups I and II were checked by using test-retest method. ( r = 0.8,0.9).
49
Techniques
Relaxation Technique refers to the deep breathing technique, followed by head

to foot relaxation technique. It is inhaling through the nose by mental count of four,
and then hold the breath for count of seven and exhaling through the mouth for count
of eight. This is one cycle. It is repeated for 4 cycles. In foot to head relaxation, each
part of the body parts are relaxed sequentially as follows. Right foot, left foot, Right
calf, Left calf, Right thigh, Left thigh, Hips and buttocks, Stomach, Chest, Back,
Right arm and hand, Left arm and hand, Neck and shoulders and face and vice versa
for a duration of 30 min five days in a week for three months. Researcher underwent
training on Relaxation Technique for a duration of three months(Annexure-8).It was
administered by the trained researcher.
X2-Intervention: Aerobic Exercises were performed for the duration of 50

minutes five days in a week for three months. It includes three phases, warm up
phase, aerobic dance and cool down phase. Warm up phase for duration of 10 minutes
and each movement for 16 counts. Heel movements, upward reaches, Neck
movements, Arm rotation, Trunk rotation, Hip rotation, Knee rolling, Harm string
stretches, Leg movements. Aerobic Dance for the duration of 30 minutes. Hops,
upward reaches, Abdomen crunches, Jogging in place, Jumping jacks, Rocking side to
side, Alternate shoulder shrugs, Opposite elbow to knee, Alternate knee lifts, Back
extensions, Forward and backward kicks. Cool down phase was ten minutes.Heel
movements, Jogging,Flexion of the trunk between the legs. It was administered by the
trained researcher. Researcher underwent training at Sneha cultural Academy for
Aerobics exercises (Annexure-9) It was administered by the trained researcher.
Protection of Human Rights
The study was conducted after obtaining permission from the secretary RVS
Educational trust. Consent was obtained from the College students. Confidentiality
was maintained throughout the study.
50
TARGET POPULATION
College students those who were staying in the hostel
ACCESSIBLE POPULATION
College students with PMS

Experimental Experimental
and 17-23 yrs.
group-I group-II
Pretest assessment of PMS Assessmentof Pretest assessment of PMS

for 2 cycles with PMS Diary PMS Before for 2 cycles with PMS Diary
and WHO QOL Bref tool. Intervention and WHO QOL Bref tool.
Relaxation technique given

Aerobics Exercises given
for 30 minutes for 5 days for
for the 50 minutes for 5
3 months.
days for 3 months.
PMS Diary was distributed Assessment of PMS Diary was distributed

for 3months and collected at PMS During for 3months and collected at
the end of every month. Intervention the end of every month.
PMS Diary was distributed PMS Diary was distributed for

for 2months 2months
Assessmentof
PMS After
End of seventh month Intervention End of seventh month
WHOQOL tool was assessed
WHOQOL tool was assessed
Analysis and interpretation of the findings
Fig.2.Schematic Representation of the Research Methodology
51
Pilot Study Report
Pilot study was conducted at Michael job centre at Sulur, Coimbatore. Data
was collected for the duration of seven months. PMS checklist was distributed to
survey the students with PMS in the age group of 17-23 years. 93College students
were there in the campus with at least one PMS symptoms. 10 College students were
selected in each group by lottery method. The College students were distributed the
PMS diary and quality of life tool to record the symptoms subjectively. After two
month the diary was collected .By a lot method the College students were distributed
in two experimental groups. Two interventions were carried out in the evening time in
separate campus. Study was feasible to conduct. Tools were found to be relevant and
feasible to use. There was no confusion, duplication or ambiguity in the tools. Overall
study was found to be feasible and no problems were faced during the study.
Experimental group I
On the first day the session was started before half an hour and the instructions
were given and made them to do the deep breathing technique for 4 cycles and head to
foot relaxation followed by foot to head relaxation. Duration of the intervention was
30 minutes. Intervention was done 5 days in a week.
Experimental group II
The College students were gathered before the study and the warm up steps
were taught in two sessions. Aerobic exercises steps were taught in two sessions.
From the data collection period regularly the intervention was done for the duration
of 50 minutes.
In both the groups‟ premenstrual symptom diary was distributed for 2 months
and World health Organization BREF Quality of life Tool was distributed and
collected before the intervention. During and after the intervention for duration of 5
months premenstrual symptoms Diary was distributed to the College students. The
College students were instructed to mark in the diary every day and at the end of
every month the premenstrual symptoms diary was collected. At the end of seventh
month Quality of life tool was administered and collected .
52
Hence the data collection was done and the descriptive statistics and
inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Pilot study report revealed that the
tool was reliable and feasible.
Data Collection
Data were collected for a period of seven months. Obtained written consent
from all the College students. Survey was done with premenstrual symptoms
checklist. College students with at least one premenstrual symptom was included in
the study. By using purposive sampling method 97 College students were selected in
the unit III campus with the premenstrual symptoms. In unit V hostel, 97 College
students were selected with premenstrual symptoms. Premenstrual symptom diary
was distributed to record the symptoms subjectively and quality of life tool was
administered to the College students before the intervention. Two interventions were
carried out in the evening time in separate campus for a period of three months. Both
the interventions were administered in two divided batches. Each batch
accommodates 43-44 participants. PMS diary was distributed for the consecutive 3
months during the intervention and collected at the end of each month. Again a
premenstrual symptom Diary was distributed for 2 months without the researcher
presence the compliance of the intervention was assessed. Quality of life tool was
distributed at the seventh month for the post test. Quality of life tool was collected
back.
On the first day the session was started before half an hour and the instructions
were given and made them to do the deep breathing technique for 4 cycles and Head
to foot muscles are relaxed in a sequence as follows feet and lower limbs, abdomen,
chest, shoulder, arm, neck and face, and vice versa for about 30 minutes. Intervention
was done 5 days in a week. The college students were divided into two batches. Forty
four in a batch and forty three in other batch.
The college students were gathered before the study and the warm up steps
were taught in two sessions. Aerobic exercises steps were taught in two sessions.
From the data collection period regularly the intervention was done for the duration of
53
50 minutes, five days in a week. The college students were divided into two batches.
Forty three in a batch and forty four in other batch.
Hence the data collection was done and the descriptive statistics and
inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
Summary
This chapter dealt with the research design, variables, population, settings,
sample size, sampling technique, Exclusion criteria, Tools, validity and reliability,
Techniques, pilot study, data collection.
54
CHAPTER – IV
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The research data need to be processed and analyzed in some systematic

Fashion, so that trends and patterns of relationships can be detected. In this Chapter
the data collected from 89 college students in the Experimental group I and 92 college
students in the experimental group II to determine the effectiveness of Relaxation
Techniques and Aerobic exercises was presented. The data were analyzed according
to the objectives and Hypotheses of the study. Analyses of the data were done after
transferring all the data in to a master data sheet. It was done through an integrated
system of Computer programme known as statistical package for social sciences
(SPSS version 20 ).
Organization of the findings
The analysis of the data are organized and presented under the Following headings:
 Description of demographic variables in frequency and percentage.
 Description of clinical variables and dietary variables in frequency and
percentage.
 Mean and standard deviation, RMANOVA and Post hoc Analysis of the
experimental group I and II.
 Mean, Standard deviation, Independent t test between the groups after the
intervention.
 Association between PMS and demographic variables, clinical variables of the
college students.
 Mean, standard deviation and t test of quality of life before and after the
intervention.
55
Hypothesis of the study
Ho1. There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before and
Ho2. There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before and
after the aerobic exercises in the experimental group II among the college students.
Ho3. There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms after the
Ho4. There will be no significant association between selected demographic variables

and the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the experimental group I and
II.
Ho5. There will be no significant difference between the Quality of life of the college
56
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
TableNo.1. Frequency & Percentage distribution of Experimental Group I and II
According to the Demographic Characteristics.
S. Demographic Group I Group II χ2
P Value
No. Characteristics n=89 n=92
f % f %
1. Age in Years
18 years 23 25.8 14 15.21
19 years 34 38.2 30 32.60 5.60 0.13 NS
20 years 25 28.1 37 40.2 df=3
21 years 7 7.9 11 11.9
2. Place
Kerala 40 44.9 37 40.2 0.41 0.52 NS
Tamilnadu 49 55.1 55 59.8 df=1
3. Type of Family
2.80
Joint 15 16.9 25 27.2 0.09 NS
df=1
Nuclear 74 83.1 67 72.8
4. Family Size
2-3 members 0 0 1 1.1
3-4 members 9 10.1 8 8.7 5.109
0.16 NS
4-5members 65 73.0 56 60.9 df=3
>5 members 15 16.9 27 29.3
5. Education of the
Sample
U.G 89 100.0 92 100.0 0 0
6. Educational Status
of the Father
Primary 3 3.4 0 0 0.22 NS
Secondary 13 14.6 14 15.2
Higher secondary 33 37.1 39 42.39 5.72
57
S. Demographic Group I Group II χ2
P Value
No. Characteristics n=89 n=92
f % f %
Graduate 35 39.3 29 31.52 df=4
Post Graduate 5 5.6 10 10.86
7. Educational Status
of the Mother
Primary 8 9.0 5 5.43
1.001
Secondary 16 18.0 17 18.47 0.91 NS
df=4
Higher secondary 38 42.7 40 43.47
Graduate 25 28.1 27 29.34
Post Graduate 2 2.2 3 3.2
8. Occupation of
father
Govt 17 19.1 14 15.2
Private 39 43.8 54 58.7 5.45 0.14 NS
Business 33 37.1 23 25.0 df=3
Unemployed. 0 0 1 1.1
9. Occupation of
mother
Govt 8 9.0 2 2.2
Private 16 18.0 11 11.9 5.84 0.12 NS
Business 8 9.0 10 10.9 df=3
Unemployed. 57 64.0 69 75.0
The data presented in Table.1. shows that (38.2%,32.60%) of college students

from experimental groups I and II in the age group of 19 yrs and (28.1%,40.2%) in
the age group of 20 yrs, hailing from Tamil Nadu (55.1%,59.8%)with the educational
status of their father (37.1%,42.4%)and mother (42.7%,43.5%) at higher secondary
level, with most of their fathers employees in private concerns (43.8%,58.7%) and
mothers (64%,75%) being home makers respectively.
58
It was also noted that majority of the college students were studying in UG
courses (100%, 100%) from nuclear family (83.1%, 72.8%) with a family size of 4-5
members (73%,60.9%) among the experimental groups I and II respectively.
It was also noted in fig.3. that monthly family income was found to be Rs.
10,000 to Rs. 20,000 (57.3%,69.6%) among the experimental groups I and II
respectively.
The experimental groups I and II were found to be homogenous based on chi-
square test with regard to the distribution of demographic variables.
69.6
70
57.3
60
50
40 33.7
30
20 13 13
10 5.6 4.4
3.4
0
<Rs 10,000 Rs 10,000-20,000 Rs 20,000-30,000 >Rs 30,000
Experimental Group I Experimental Group II
Fig No.3. Percentage distribution of Income Status (per month) in the

Experimental Group I and II .
59
Table No.2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Experimental Group I
and II according to the Clinical Variables.
Group I Group II
S. n=89 n=92 χ2
Clinical Variables P Value
No.
f % f %
1. Body Mass Index

Under Weight 2 2.24 0 0
2.256 0.32 NS
Normal Weight 81 91.1 87 94.56
df =2
Over Weight 6 6.74 5 5.61
2. Menstrual cycle.
26 days 3 3.37 4 4.34
0.89
28 days 25 28.08 21 22.82 0.82 NS
df =3
30 days 50 56.1 53 57.6
32 days 11 12.35 14 15.21
3. Known about PMS
No 57 64.04 58 63.04 0.02
0.89 NS
Yes 32 35.95 34 36.95 df =1
It can be inferred from the data presented in Table.2, that majority of the
college students had normal weight (91.1%,94.56%) and their menstrual cycles were
found to be regular with 30 days cycle (56.1%,57.6%) and did not have any prior
knowledge about PMS (64.04%,63.04%) in experimental groups I and II respectively.
The source of information among the college students who had previous information
was found to be from family members (13.48%) in experimental group I and from the
friends (14.13%) and books/magazines (11.95%) in experimental group II. the
distribution of clinical variables were found to be homogenous in experimental groups
I and II.
60
It can be inferred from the data presented in Fig.4, that majority of the college
students attained menarche at the age of 13-15 years (73%,80.43%) in both
experimental group I and II (χ2= 1.39) which shows the homogenicity.
From the table 1 it was noted that there was no significant difference in the
demographic characteristics of experimental group I and II and homogenecity was
proved by using chis quare test.
It can be inferred from the data presented in Fig.5, that the source of
information among the college students who had previous information was found to
be from family members (13.48%) in experimental group I and from the friends
(14.13%) and books/magazines (11.95%) in experimental group II. the distribution of
clinical variables were not found to be homogenous (χ2= 10.01) in experimental
groups I and II.
61
Menarcheal Age in the Menarcheal Age in
Experimental Group I the Experimental
10-12 years 13-15 years 0% Group II
0% 10-12 years 13-15 years
27% 20%
73% 80%
Fig No.4. Percentage Distribution of Age of Menarche in the

Experimental Group I and II .
62
100%
90%
80%
70%
TV /Mass Media
60%
Book/Magazine
50% Friends
40% Internet
Family Members
30%
20%
10%
0%
Experimental Group I Experimental Group
II
Fig No.5. Percentage Distribution of Experimental Group I and II according to

the Source of Information about PMS.
63
TableNo.3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Experimental Group I and
II according to the Dietary Variables.
S.N group I group II χ2
Dietary variables. P Value
o. n = 89 n = 92
f % f %
1. Intake of fast food.
Daily 0 0 0 0
Frequently 28 31.4 37 40.21 1.51
0.22 NS
Occasionally 61 68.5 55 59.78 df =1
Not at all. 0 0 0 0
2. Intake of fried food.
Daily 0 0 0 0
Frequently 22 24.7 26 23.92 0.29
0.59 NS
Occasionally 67 75.2 66 71.7 df =1
Not at all. 0 0 0 0
3. Intake of coffee /tea in
times
>5 1 1.1 3 3.2
5-4 21 23.5 24 26.08 1.18 0.76 NS
2-3 66 74.1 64 69.56 df =3
1-2 1 1.1 1 1.08
None 0 0 0 0
4. Intake of milk and its
products.
350 ml 0 0 0 0
2.18
200-350ml 15 16.8 9 9.7 0.54 NS
df =3
100-200 ml 36 40.4 38 41.3
<100 ml. 33 37.0 40 43.4
No 5 5.61 5 5.43
64
S.N group I group II χ2
Dietary variables. P Value
o. n = 89 n = 92
f % f %
5. Intake of fruits and
green vegetables.
11 12.3 17 18.47 3.09
<100 g. 0.21 NS
66 74.1 57 61.95 df =2
100-200g.
12 13.4 18 19.56
No
NS -Not significant * -significant
The dietary habits of the college students were found to be with majority of
them taking occasionally only the fast foods (68.5%,59.8%) and fried foods
(75.3%,71.7%), drinking coffee/tea for 1-2 times per day (66%,64%) and their intake
of vegetables and fruits per day was 100 -200 gms (74.2%,62%) and a significant
percentage of them consuming milk and milk products @ 200 – 350ml
(40.4%,41.3%) or 100-200ml (37.1%,43.5%) in experimental groups I and II
respectively as per the data in Table.3. It was also found that both the group college
students were distributed homogeneously with regard to dietary habits.
65
Table No.4. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and Post
Hoc analysis of Overall Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
Mean and Standard Deviation of the Overall Premenstrual symptoms before,

during and after the Intervention in the Experimental Group I.
Std
Sample Size Mean Std Deviation
error
Before 63.70 2.30 .24
During 89 41.90 4.36 .46
After 35.26 4.44 .47
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Overall Premenstrual
symptoms in the Experimental Group I.
Mean p<
Source Sum of Squares Df F
Squares 0.01
Between time period 39391.539 1.252 31472.833 2251.834* .000
Error 1539.392 110.141 13.977
POSTHOC Analysis of the Overall Premenstrual symptoms before, during and
after the Intervention in the Experimental Group I.
Overall premenstrual
Post Test Mean Difference p < 0.01
Symptoms
During 21.79* .00
Before
After 28.43* .00
Before -21.79* .00
During
After 6.64* .00
Before -28.43* .00

After
During -6.64* .00
*. The mean difference is significant at the .01 level.

a. Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Bonferroni.
The overall PMS in experimental group I before the intervention of relaxation

technique was M= 63.70, SD= 35.26, during the intervention was M = 41.90, SD=
66
4.36 but after the intervention it was only M= 35.26, SD= 4.44. The noticed reduction
of mean score of PMS was found to be significant in the repeated measure analysis of
variance (RM ANOVA) (F = 2251.834, P<0.001) calculated based on the participants
rating of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis of the data also revealed that the mean
differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference = 21.79, P<0.001), before and
after (Mean difference = 28.43, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean difference =
6.64, P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were significant. This shows
that relaxation technique was effective in reducing the PMS symptoms among the
college students. Hence the null hypothesis Ho1 was rejected and there will be no
significant difference in the PMS before and after the intervention of relaxation
techniques to experimental group I .
67
Table No. 5. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and
Post Hoc analysis of Physical Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Physical symptoms before, during and after
the Intervention in the Experimental Group I.
Sample size Mean Std deviation Std error
Before 18.97 .80 .08
During 89 15.32 1.74 .18
After 10.79 2.48 .26
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Physical symptoms in
the Experimental Group I.
Sum of Mean sig p <
Source Df F
squares squares 0.01
Between time
2992.377 1.384 2162.790 730.508* .000
period
Error 360.474 121.754 2.961
POSTHOC Analysis of the Physical symptoms before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental Group I.
Physical
Post test Mean difference p < 0.01
symptoms.
During 3.64* .00
Before
After 8.18* .00
Before -3.64* .00
During
After 4.53* .00
Before -8.18* .00
After
During -4.53* .00

68
The physical symptoms of PMS in experimental group I before the
intervention of relaxation technique was M=18.97, SD=0.80, during M=15.32, SD
=1.74, whereas after the intervention it was only M=10.79, SD=2.48. The noticed
reduction of mean score of physical symptoms of PMS was found to be significant in
the RM ANOVA (F=730.508), P<0.001) calculated based on the participants rating of
physical symptoms of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis of the data also revealed
that the mean differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference=3.64,
P<0.001), before and after (Mean difference=8.18, P<0.001) and during and after
(Mean difference=4.53, P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were
significant.
69
Hoc analysis of Psychological Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Psychological symptoms before, during and
after the Intervention in the Experimental Group I..
Sample Size Mean Std Deviation Std Error
Before 20.85 1.19 .12
During 89 16.41 1.77 .18
After 11.28 2.75 .29
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Psychological
symptoms in the Experimental Group I.
Sum of Mean
Source df F p < 0.01
Squares Squares
Between time
4082.671 1.336 3055.581 703.303* .000
period
Error 510.839 117.580 4.345
POSTHOC Analysis of the Psychological symptoms before, during and after the
Psychological
symptoms.
During 4.43* .00
Before
After 9.56* .00
Before -4.43* .00
During
After 5.13* .00
before -9.56* .00
After
During -5.13* 0.0

70
In experimental group I the psychological symptoms before the intervention
was M=20.85,SD=1.19, during M=16.41,SD=1.77, which was reduced after the
intervention ( M=11.28,SD=2.75). The findings were further analyzed with RM
ANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS after the intervention was
statistically significant (F=703.303, P<0.001).
It was also evidenced in Post hoc analysis that the mean differences in PMS
before and during (Mean difference=4.43, P<0.001), before and after (Mean
difference=9.56, P<0.001) and during and after(Mean difference =5.13, P<0.001) the
intervention of relaxation technique were significant.
71
Hoc analysis of Behavioural Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Behavioural Symptoms before, during and
after the Intervention in the Experimental Group I.
Sample Std Std
Mean
Size Deviation Error
Before 6.59 .90 0.95
During 89 5.21 .77 .08
After 3.70 1.11 .11
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Behavioural
Symptoms in the Experimental Group I.
Sum of Mean
Squares Squares
Between time
371.732 1.294 287.207 369.520* .000
period
Error 88.527 113.898 .777
POSTHOC Analysis of the Behavioural Symptoms before, during and after the
Behavioural
Post test Mean Difference p < 0.01
symptoms.
During 1.38 0.0
Before
After 2.88 0.0
Before -1.38 0.0
During
After 1.50 0.0
before -2.88 0.0
After
During -1.50 0.0

72
In Table 7, the behavioural symptoms of PMS in experimental group I, before
the intervention was M=6.59,SD=0.90, during M=5.21,SD=0.77, which was found to
be less after the intervention (M=3.70,SD=1.11). The findings were further analyzed
with RM ANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS after the intervention
was statistically significant (F=369.520, P<0.001).
difference=2.88, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean difference=1.50, P<0.001) the
73
TableNo.8. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and Post
Hoc analysis of Pain Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Pain Symptoms before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental Group I
College
Mean Std Deviation Std Error
students
Before 17.27 1.04 .11
During 89 13.94 1.04 .11
After 9.47 1.84 .19
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Pain Symptoms in the
Experimental group I
Sum of Mean
Source Df F p < 0.01
Squares Squares
Between
2722.103 1.387 1963.268 955.558* .000
time period
Error 250.686 122.013 2.055
POSTHOC Analysis of the Pain before, during and after the Intervention in
the Experimental Group I
Pain Symptoms. Post Test Mean Difference Sig at p < 0.01
During 3.33* .00
Before
After 7.79* .00
Before -3.33* .00
During
After 4.46* .00
before -7.79* .00
After
During -4.46* .00

74
The perception of pain symptoms of PMS in experimental group I depicted in
Table 8, before the intervention was M=17.27,SD=1.04, during M=13.94,SD=1.04,
which was found to be less after the intervention ( M=9.47,SD=1.84).
The RM ANOVA analysis of the data revealed that the less perception of pain
after the relaxation technique was statistically significant (F = 955.558, P<0.001). The
Post hoc analysis also supported the findings wherein the mean differences in pain of
PMS before and during (Mean difference=3.33, P<0.001), before and after (Mean
75
Hoc analysis of Overall Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Overall Premenstrual Symptoms before,

during and after the Intervention in the Experimental Group II.
Before 61.11 3.5 .37
During 92 45.24 3.4 .36
After 23.58 3.4 .36
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Overall Premenstrual
Symptoms in the Experimental Group II.
Mean
Source Sum of Squares df F p< 0.01
Squares
Between time
34520.294 1.311 26332.828 1879.934* .000
period
Error 1670.987 119.294 14.007
POSTHOC Analysis of the Overall Premenstrual Symptoms before, during and
after the Intervention in the Experimental Group II.
Overall Premenstrual Mean
Post Test p < 0.01
Symptoms. Difference
During 15.86* .00
Before
After 37.52* .00
Before -15.86* .00
During
After 21.66* .00
Before -37.52* .00
After
During -21.66* .00

76
The overall PMS in experimental group II before the intervention of Aerobic
exercise was M=61.11, SD=3.5, during the intervention was M = 45.24, SD= 3.4 but
after the intervention it was only M=23.58, SD=3.4. The noticed reduction of mean
score of PMS was found to be significant in the repeated measure analysis of variance
(RMANOVA) (F=1879.934, P<0.001) calculated based on the college students rating
of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis of the data also revealed that the mean
differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference=15.86, P<0.001), before and
after (Mean difference=37.52, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean difference=21.66,
P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercise were significant.This shows that
Aerobic exercises was effective in reducing the PMS among the college students.
Hence the null hypothesis Ho1statingthat there will be no significant difference in the
PMS before and after the intervention of Aerobic exercises to experimental group II
was rejected.
77
Table No.10. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and
Post Hoc analysis of Physical Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
Mean and Standard Deviation of the Physical Symptoms before, during and
Before 17.77 1.12 .11
During 92 12.89 1.26 .13
After 5.78 1.08 .11
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Physical symptoms
in the Experimental Group II.
Sum of p<
Source df Mean Squares F
Squares 0.01
Between time
6699.937 1.725 3883.958 .000
period 3686.534*
Error 165.384 156.978 1.054
POSTHOC Analysis of the Physical symptoms before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental group II.
Physical Symptoms. Post Test Mean Difference p < 0.01
During 4.88* .00
Before
After 11.99* .00
Before -4.88* .00
During
After 7.11* .00
before -11.99* .00
After
During -7.11* .00

78
The physical symptoms of PMS in experimental group II as denote in the
table.10, before the intervention of Aerobic exercise was M=17.77, SD=1.12, during
M=12.89, SD=1.26, whereas after the intervention it was only M=5.78, SD=1.08.
The noticed reduction of mean score of physical symptoms of PMS was found
to be significant in the RM ANOVA (F=3686.534), P<0.001) calculated based on the
college students rating of physical symptoms of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis
of the data also revealed that the mean differences in PMS before and during (Mean
difference=4.88, P<0.001), before and after (Mean difference=11.99, P<0.001) and
during and after (Mean difference=7.11, P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic
exercises were significant.
79
TableNo.11. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and
Post Hoc analysis of Psychological Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
Mean and Standard Deviation of the Psychological Symptoms before, during and
Before 19.86 2.03 .21
During 92 15.70 1.46 .15
After 5.78 1.08 .11
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Psychological
Sum of Mean
Source df F Sig
Squares Squares
Between time
9631.187 1.708 5640.263 2521.324* .000
period
Error 347.610 155.390 2.237

POSTHOC Analysis of the Psychological Symptoms before, during and after
the Intervention in the Experimental Group II.
Psychological Mean Significance
Post Test
symptoms. Difference p < 0.01
During 4.15* .00
Before
After 14.08* .00
Before -4.15* .00
During
After 9.92* .00
Before -14.08* .00
After
During -9.92* 0.0

80
In experimental group II, as per the Table.11, the psychological symptoms
before the intervention was (M=19.86, SD=2.03), during (M=15.70,SD=1.46), which
was reduced after the intervention ( M=5.78,SD=1.08). The findings were further
analyzed with RM ANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS after the
intervention was statistically significant (F=2521.324, P<0.001).
difference=14.08, P<0.001) and during and after(Mean difference=9.92, P<0.001) the
intervention of Aerobic exercises were significant.
81
Post Hoc analysis of Behavioural Symptoms in Experimental group II.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Behavioural Symptoms before, during and
Before 6.42 .91 .09
During 92 4.63 .66 .07
After 3.78 .85 .08
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Behavioural
Sum of
Source df Mean Squares F p < 0.01
Squares
Between
333.616 1.256 265.665 442.202* .000
time period
Error 68.654 114.276 .601
POSTHOC Analysis of the Behavioural Symptoms before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental Group II.
Behavioural
Symptoms.
During 1.78* 0.0
Before
After 2.63* 0.0
Before -1.78* 0.0
During
After 0.85* 0.0
Before -2.63* 0.0
After
During -0.85* 0.0

82
In Table 12, the behavioural symptoms of PMS in experimental group II,
before the intervention was (M=6.42,SD=0.91), during (M=4.63,SD=0.66), which
was found to be less after the intervention ( M=3.78,SD=.85). The findings were
further analyzed with RM ANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS
after the intervention was statistically significant (F = 442.202, P<0.001).
intervention of Aerobic exercise were significant.
83
Post Hoc analysis of Pain Symptoms in Experimental group II.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Pain before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental Group II.
Before 17.04 1.4 .14
During 92 12.00 1.9 .20
After 8.23 2.0 .21
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Pain in the
Experimental Group II.
Sum of Mean
Squares Squares
Between time
3593.597 1.581 2273.132 942.702* .000
period
Error 346.894 143.862 2.411
POSTHOC Analysis of the Pain before, during and after the Intervention in the
Experimental Group II.
Pain Post test Mean difference p < 0.01
During 5.03* .00
Before
After 8.80* .00
Before -5.03* .00
During
After 3.77* .00
before -8.805* .00
After
During -3.77* .00

84
The perception of pain symptoms of PMS in experimental group II depicted in
Table 13, before the intervention was (M=17.04,SD=1.4), during (M=12.00,SD=1.9),
which was found to be less after the intervention ( M=8.23,SD=2.0). The RM
ANOVA analysis of the data revealed that the less perception of pain after the
Aerobic exercises was statistically significant (F=942.702, P<0.001).
The Post hoc analysis also supported the findings wherein the mean
differences in pain of PMS before and during (Mean difference=5.03, P<0.001),
before and after (Mean difference=8.80, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean
difference=3.77, P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercises were significant.
85
TableNo.14. Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Overall
Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention.
Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Overall Premenstrual

Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention
Levene’s p≤
Group N Mean S.D. t value p ≤
Test F 0.01
0.01
Experimental I 89 35.26 4.44

2.537 .113 19.77*
Experimental II 92 23.58 3.45
df =179 0.00
*significant
Table 14 reveals that the overall PMS symptoms in experimental group II

which had the intervention of aerobic exercises had less PMS score (M=23.58, SD
3.45) in comparison with the experimental group I (M= 35.26, SD 4.44) which had
relaxation technique as their intervention. The difference ( t= 19.77) was statistically
significant at p<0.001 level. Hence the null hypothesis Ho3, stating that there will be
no significant difference in the overall PMS perceived by experimental group I and II
was rejected.
86
Table No.15.Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Physical
Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Physical Symptoms in

Experimental Group I and II After Intervention
Levene’s p ≤
Group N Mean S.D. p ≤ 0.01 t value
Test F 0.01

30.29 0.00 17.66*
Experimental II 92 5.78 1.08 df =179 0.00
*significant
It was inferred from the Table 15 that the mean and standard deviation of
physical symptoms of PMS in the Experimental group II (M=5.78 SD=1.08) was
observed to be less than the (M=10.79 SD =2.48) in the Experimental group I. The
t value (17.66) was significant at P<.01 level. The noticed reduction of physical
symptoms of PMS was found to be significant in the Aerobic exercise group than the
Relaxation technique.
87
Table No.16. Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Psychological
Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II, and After Intervention.
Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Psychological Symptoms in

Levene’s p ≤
Test F 0.01

46.65 0.00
17.80* 0.00
df =179
*significant
The Psychological symptoms of PMS in the experimental group I

(M=11.28,S.D=2,75) after the Relaxation technique as their intervention, where as in
the Experimental group II (M=5.78,S.D=1.08,) was reduced comparatively with other
group. It was statistically proved with the (t=17.80) value .
88
TableNo.17.Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Behavioural
Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Behavioural Symptoms in

Levene’s t value p ≤
Group N Mean S.D. p ≤ 0.01
Test F 0.01
3.64 0.058
0.53NS 0.59
df =179
NS -significant *significant
The perception of behavioural symptoms of PMS (Table 17) after the

intervention there was no significant difference in the perception of behavioural
symptoms of PMS (M=3.70, SD=1.11, M=3.78, SD=.85) between the both
experimental groups I and II respectively (t=.53). The findings can be attributed that
both the interventions namely relaxation techniques to experimental group I and
aerobic exercises to experimental group II were found to be equally effective in
reducing the behavioural symptoms of PMS.
89
Table No.18. Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Pain Symptoms in
Experimental Group I and II After Intervention.
Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Pain Symptoms in

Levene’s p ≤
Test F 0.01
7.03 0.009 4.29* 0.00
df =179
NS -significant *significant
Table 18 reveals that the pain symptoms in experimental group II which had
the intervention of aerobic exercises the Pain symptoms score was less (M=8.23, SD
=2.02) in comparison with the experimental group I (M=9.47, SD=1.84) which had
relaxation technique as their intervention. The ( t= 4.29) was statistically significant at
p<0.001 level.
90
TableNo.19. Association of mean score of PMS after the intervention with the
selected demographic, Clinical, Dietary variables for Experimental Group I
N=89
PMS Score
Sl. Chi P
Demographic variables Below Mean Above Mean
No. Square value
f % f %
1 Age in years a. 18 16 17.9 7 7.86
10.844
b. 19 15 16.85 19 21.34
* 0.013
c. 20 6 6.74 19 21.34
Df =3
d. 21 2 2.24 5 5.61
2 Place a. Kerala 22 24.71 18 20.22 3.689
0.055
b. Tamilnadu 17 19.10 32 35.95 Df =1
3 Family Type a. Nuclear 32 35.95 42 47.19 0.059
0.807
b. Joint 7 7.86 8 8.98 Df =1
4 Family size a. 3-4 members 5 5.61 4 4.49
0.690
b. 4-5 members 27 30.33 38 42.69 0.708
Df =2
c. >5members 7 7.86 8 8.98
5 Income/ a. <Rs.10000 11 12.36 19 21.34
Family b. Rs.10000-20000 24 26.96 27 30.33 1.507
0.681
c. Rs.20000-30000 3 3.37 2 2.24 Df =3
d. >Rs.30000 1 1.12 2 2.24
6 Age at a. 10-12 years 9 10.11 15 16.85 0.533
0.465
menarche b. 13-15 years 30 33.70 35 39.32 Df =1
7 Menstrual a. 26 days 2 2.24 1 1.12
cycle b. 28 days 12 13.48 13 14.60 1.122
0.772
c. 30 days 20 22.47 30 33.70 Df =3
d. 32 days 5 5.61 6 6.74
8 Previous a. No
0.775
Knowledge 23 25.84 34 38.20 0.379
Df =1
on PMS
b. Yes 16 17.9 16 17.9
91
9 Intake of a. Frequently 0.341
11 12.36 17 19.10 0.559
fast food Df =1
b. Occasionally 28 31.46 33 37.07
10 Intake of a. Frequently 5.282*
5 5.61 17 19.10 0.022
fried food Df =1
b. Occasionally 34 38.20 33 37.07
11 Intake of a. 4-5 times 0 0 1 1.12
coffee/tea b. 2-3 times 6 6.74 15 16.85 4.629
0.201
( in times) c. 1-2 times 32 35.95 34 38.20 Df =3
d. None 1 1.12 0 0
12 Intake of a. 200-350ml 10 11.23 5 5.61
milk and b. 100-200ml 18 20.22 18 20.22 7.340
0.062
milk c. <100ml 10 11.23 23 25.84 Df =3
products d. Not taking 1 1.12 4 4.49
13 Intake of a. <100 gm 4 4.49 7 7.86
7.974*
fruits/ green b. 100-200 gm 34 38.20 32 35.95 0.019
Df =2
vegetables c. not taken/day 1 1.12 11 12.36
*. The Chi-square statistic is significant at the .05 level.
The mean score of premenstrual symptoms was calculated and categorised

into two groups based on below and above mean score.
There was no significant association between the selected demographic,
clinical, dietary variables and the overall PMS after the intervention except with age
of the college students. It can be noted that as age increases the perception of PMS
also increased (x 2 +10.844, p< .013). Hence the null hypothesis Ho4 is partially
rejected with regard to the demographic variables, clinical variables such as Age,
Place, Family type, Family size, Income of the family. Age at menarche, Menstrual
cycle and Premenstrual symptoms.
92
TableNo.20. Association of mean score of PMS after the intervention with the
selected demographic, Clinical, Dietary variables for Experimental Group II
N=92
PMS SCORE
Chi P
Sl. No. Demographic variables Below Above
mean mean Square value
f % f %
1 Age in e. 18 10 10.86 2 2.17
14.542
years f. 19 17 18.47 15 16.30
* 0.002
g. 20 10 10.86 27 29.34
Df =3
h. 21 2 2.17 9 9.78
2 Place a. Kerala 15 16.30 22 23.91 0.087
0.768
b. Tamilnadu 24 26.08 31 33.69 Df =1
3 Family a. Nuclear 26 28.26 41 44.56 1.298
0.255
Type b. Joint 13 14.13 12 13.04 Df =1
4 Family a. 2-3 members 1 1.08 0 0
size b. 3- 4 members 3 3.26 5 5.43 2.025
0.567
c. 4-5 members 22 23.91 34 36.95 Df =3
d. >5 members 13 14.13 14 15.21
5 Income/ a. <Rs.10000 6 6.52 6 6.52
Family b. Rs.10000- 28 30.43 36 39.13
20000 1.914
0.590
c. Rs.20000- 3 3.26 9 9.78 Df =3
30000
d. >Rs.30000 2 2.1 2 2.1
6 Age at a. 10-12 years 7 7.60 11 11.95 0.112

0.737
menarche b. 13-15 years 32 34.78 42 45.65 Df =1
7 Menstrual a. 26 days 2 2.1 2 2.1
cycle b. 28 days 10 10.86 11 11.95 1.132
0.769
c. 30 days 20 21.73 33 35.86 Df =3
d. 32 days 7 7.60 7 7.60
93
PMS SCORE
Sl. Chi
Demographic variables Below Mean Above Mean P value
No. Square
f % f %
8 Previous a. No 21 22.82 37 40.21
2.458
Knowledge 0.117
b. Yes 18 19.56 16 17.39 Df =1
on PMS
9 Intake of a. Frequently 11 11.95 26 28.26 4.063*
0.044
fast food b. Occasionally 28 30.43 27 29.34 Df =1
10 Intake of a. Frequently 6 6.52 20 21.73 5.536*
0.019
fried food b. Occasionally 33 35.86 33 35.86 Df =1
11 Intake of a. 4-5 times 1 1.08 2 2.17
coffee/tea b. 2-3 times 10 10.86 14 15.21 0.890
0.828
( in times) c. 1-2 times 28 30.43 36 39.13 Df =3
d. None 0 0 1 1.08
12 Intake of a. 200-350ml 3 3.26 6 6.52
milk and b. 100-200ml 15 16.30 23 25.0 7.323
0.062
milk c. <100ml 16 17.39 24 26.08 Df =3
products d. Not taking 5 5.43 0 0
13 Intake of a. <100 gm 7 7.60 10 10.86

fruits/ b. 100-200 gm 29 31.52 28 30.43 6.569*
0.037
green c. not taken/day Df =2
3 3.26 15 16.30
vegetables
The mean score of premenstrual symptoms was calculated and categorised
into two groups based on below and above mean score.As per the data in the
aboveTable.20, In the experimental group II, the association between the selected
demographic variables, clinical variables and PMS after the intervention was
analyzed. Only selected variables such as Age(χ2=14.542,P=.002),intake of fast
food(χ2=4.063,P=.044),intake of fried food((χ2=5.536,P=.019),intake of green leafy
vegetables(χ2=6.569,P=.037)had significance at P<.05 level. Hence the null
hypothesis Ho4 is partially rejected with regard to the demographic variables, clinical
variables.
94
TableNo.21. Mean score and standard deviation on overall and various domains
on QOL before and after intervention and its level of significance in
Experimental group I.
N=89
Before Intervention After Intervention Mean
t-value
Quality of Life Differ
Mean Mean % SD Mean Mean % SD P≤0.05
ence
Physical 22.19 63.4 3.03 25.91 74.02 2.47 3.72 12.34*
Psychologi
18.09 60.3 1.59 21.63 72.1 1.44 3.54 16.19*
cal
Social relation
5.71 38.1 0.79 7.69 51.3 0.72 1.98 17.17*
ship
Environ
17.0 42.5 1.35 23.58 58.95 2.17 6.58 29.30*
ment
Overall quality
68.61 52.8 3.64 85.92 66.09 3.97 17.31 43.49*
of life
* Significance Table value=1.98
Quality of life was analysed only in the first observation and the seventh
observation .The overall quality of life of experimental group I college students was
found to be statistically (t=43.49) significantly different between before (M=68.61,
SD=52.8) and after (M=85.92, SD=3.97) the intervention. The same finding was
noted with regards to various dimensions of quality of life such as physical (M=63.4
SD=3.03,M=25.91SD=2.47,t=12.34)psychological(M=18.09,SD=1.59,M=72.1SD=1.
44,t=16.19)socialrelationship(M=5.71SD=0.79,M=7.69,SD=0.72,t=17.17)andenviron
ment(M=17.0,S.D=1.35,t=29.30) respectively before and after the intervention of
relaxation technique to experimental group 1 college students as data represented in
the above table 21.
95
Table No.22: Mean score and standard deviation on overall and various domains
on QOL before and after intervention and its level of significance in
N=92
Before Intervention After Intervention Paired
Mean
Quality of t-value
Differen
Life Mean Mean % SD Mean Mean % SD P≤0.05
ce
Physical 21.39 61.1 2.74 27.73 79.2 2.69 6.34 21.84*

psychological 17.76 59.2 1.65 22.27 74.2 1.79 4.51 20.56*
Social
6.28 41.9 0.45 7.68 51.2 0.78 1.4 14.16*
relationship
environment 18.59 46.5 1.35 23.99 60.0 2.82 5.4 21.23*
Overall
70.27 54.1 3.55 88.78 68.3 4.53 18.51 43.23*
quality of life
* Significance Table value=1.98
In Table. 22, The Mean and Standard deviation of overall quality of life before
and after the intervention in the experimental group
II(M=70.27,SD=3.55,M=88.78,SD=4.53,) was found to be statistically significant at
(t=43.23). It was also evidenced that the various dimensions of quality of life before
and after the intervention as follows. Physical(M=21.39SD=2.74,M=27.73 SD=2.69,
t=21.84),Psychological(M=17.76SD=1.65,M=74.2SD=1.79,t=20.56),Socialrelationshi
p(M=6.28SD=0.45,M=7.68,SD=0.78,t=14.16),Environment(M=18.59,SD=1.35,M=2
3.99,SD=2.82,t=21.23).
96
Table No. 23 . Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation of Quality of life
before and after the Intervention between the Experimental Group I and II.
Independent
df
Quality of life BEFORE AFTER t value
p≤0.05
MEAN S.D MEAN S.D
Experimental I 68.61 3.64 85.92 3.97 43.49 * 88
Experimental II 70.27 3.55 88.78 4.53 43.23* 91
*significance Table value =1.99
The comparison of mean and Standard deviation of quality of life of

participants of experimental group I and II revealed that before the
intervention(M=68.61SD=3.64,M=85.92 SD=3.97) and after the
intervention(M=70.27SD 3.55,M=88.78 SD=4.53). It was statistically proved with t
value (t=3.119, t=4.509).Hence the null hypothesis Ho5, stating that there will be no
significant difference in the quality of life before and after the intervention in
experimental group I and II was rejected.
97
TableNo.24. Correlation of post test score of PMS score with the selected
demographic Clinical variables for Experimental Group I.
N=89
Sl. Demographic Mean Standard r-value P-value
No Variables Deviation
1. PMS Score 35.26 4.44

0.303* 0.004
Age 19.18 0.91
2. PMS Score 35.26 4.44

0.233* 0.028
Waist hip ratio 29.35 2.23
3. PMS Score 35.26 4.44

0.219 0.039
weight 50.34 4.2
4. PMS Score 35.26 4.44

0.242 0.022
BMI 21.29 1.58
*Correlation is significant at the 0.005 level
The correlation between the selected demographic, clinical variables shows

that there is a positive relationship between age, weight, BMI, waist hip ratio and the
perception of PMS among the experimental group I college students. It can be
interpreted as weight increases (r=.219, P=.039) the PMS also increases and similarly
waist hip ratio(r=.233,P=.028) also increases the PMS.
It can be interpreted the fig.6, as age increases (r =0.303, p=.004) the PMS
also increases in the experimental group I.
It can be noted in the fig.7,as Body mass index increases (r=.242,P=.022)

among the college students the PMS also increases.
98
Correlation between PMS After
PMS Score After Intervention Intervention with Age in Years in
50
40
30
20
y = 1.477x + 6.929
10 R² = 0.091
0
17 18 19 20 21 22
Age in Years
Fig.6.Correlation between the premenstrual symptom score after the

intervention with age in years in the experimental group I
99
Correlation between PMS with BMI After
PMS Score After Intervention Intervention in Experimental Group I
50
40 y = 0.682x + 20.74
30
R² = 0.058
20
10 r=.242 P=.022
0
0 10 20 30
BMI After Intervention
Fig.7.Corrrelation between PMS with BMI after the intervention in the

experimental group I.
100
Table.No.25.Correlation of post test score of PMS with the selected demographic
variables for Experimental Group II .
Sl. Demographic Sample Mean Standard r-value P-value

No Variables Size Deviation
1. PMS Score 23.58 3.4
92 0.396* 0.00
Age 19.49 0.896
2. PMS Score 23.58 3.4

92 0.17 0.875
Weight 52.86 4.18
4. PMS Score 23.58 3.4

92 0.100 0.341
Waist hip ratio 30.15 2.03
5. PMS Score 23.58 3.4

92 0.76 0.470
BMI 22.12 1.05
*Correlation is significant at the 0.005 level
In the experimental group II there was a correlation between the demographic

variable and premenstrual symptoms after the intervention was (r=.396,P=.01) .The
clinical variables such as weight(r=.17,P= .875),waist hip ratio (r=.100,P=.341) was
not correlated with premenstrual symptoms because the Aerobics exercises had high
impact .
Aerobic exercises had high impact on the Body mass index (r=.076,p=.0470), after
the intervention in the experimental group II as represented in the figure.8.
101
Correlation between PMS with BMI After
Intervention in Experimental Group II
35
PMS Score After Intervention
30 y = 0.249x + 18.07
25 R² = 0.005
20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30
BMI After Intervention
Fig.8.Correlation between the premenstrual symptom score and Body mass

index after the intervention in the Experimental group II.
102
Table No.26. Frequency and percentage distribution of Level of Satisfaction on
the intervention in Experimental group I.
S. Items Highly Satisfied Dissatisfied Highly

No satisfied dissatisfied
f % f % f % f %
Researcher
1. Explanation of Deep
breathing technique and 89 100% - - - - - -
head to foot relaxation
technique.
2. Approach of the
89 100% - - - - - -
researcher
3. Time spent by the
89 100% - - - - - -
researcher
4. Clarification by the
89 100% - - - - - -
researcher
Administration of
5. Deep breathing
technique and Head to
foot relaxation - - - - - -
89 100%
technique.
Duration of
administration
6. Frequency of
89 100% - - - - - -
administration
7. Easy to follow. 89 100% - - - - - -
8. Feasible to practice. 89 100% - - - - - -
9. Performance of the
Relaxation technique. 89 100% - - - - - -
Easy to follow.
10. Easy to practice. 89 100% - - - - - -
11. Cost effectiveness. 89 100% - - - - - -
103
Effectiveness of Deep
breathing technique
12. and Head to foot
89 100% - - - - - -
relaxation technique
Benefit – reduction in
13. Continuity – easy to
89 100% - - - - - -
follow
14. Comfortness after the
89 100% - - - - - -
relaxation technique.
Table no.26, Presents that the relaxation technique was administered,performed and
the effectiveness of the technique was highly satisfied by all the college students.
104
Table No.27.Frequency and percentage distribution of Level of Satisfaction on
the intervention in Experimental group II.
Highly
S.N Highly satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied
Items dissatisfied
o
f % f % f % f %
Researcher
1. Explanation of
92 (100%) - - - - - -
steps of Aerobic
Exercises.
2. Approach of the
88 (95.7%) 4 (4.3%) - - - -
researcher
3. Time spent by
90 (97.8%) 2 (2.2%) - - - -
the researcher
4. Clarification by
92 (100%) - - - -
the researcher
5. Administration
of Aerobic
Exercises 85 (100%) 7 (7.6%) - - - -
Durationof
Aerobicexercises.
6. Frequency of the
rhythm in 92 (100%) - - - - - -
Aerobicexercises.
7. Choreography of
the Aerobic 92 (100%) - - - - - -
exercises.
8. Sequence of the
92 (100%) - - - - - -
steps.
9. Performance of
the Aerobic
92 (100%) - - - - - -
Exercises.
Easy to follow
105
the steps.
10. It can be
practised in 92 (100%) - - - - - -
doorly.
12. Effectiveness
ofAerobicexerci
ses.
Benefit –
Reduction in the - - - - - -
Premenstrual 92 (100%)
Symptoms after
doingthis
Aerobicexercises.
13. Continuity – easy
92 (100%) - - - - - -
to follow
14. Comfortnessafter
performing 92 (100%) - - - - - -
Aerobicexercises.
Table.no.27. Majority of them were highly satisfied with the steps,rhythm,

choreography,sequence in following the steps and felt comfortness after the aerobic
exercises.
Summary
The analysis of the data using descriptive and inferential statistics clearly
revealed the effectiveness of Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises positive in
reducing the premenstrual symptoms in college students. Few demographic variables
and clinical variables had a correlation with premenstrual symptoms.
106
CHAPTER-V
DISCUSSION
This chapter focusses on the findings of the study derived from statistical
analysis and its pertinence to the objectives of the study. Necessary explanations are
also provided to support the hypotheses postulated. The present study executed was
An Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Relaxation Technique Versus
Aerobic Exercises on the Pre Menstrual Symptoms among the College Students
Staying in the Hostel at Selected Colleges in Coimbatore.
The presentation of the discussion is based on the obtained results , the stated
objectives and hypotheses of the study which is as follows:
Demographic characteristics of the college students

 Clinical variables of the college students
 Dietary variables of the college students
 Overall Premenstrual Symptoms in both Experimental Group I and II
 Comparison of overall premenstrual symptoms in experimental group I
and II after the intervention.
 Association of Post test score with the Selected Demographic Variables.
 Quality of life of the college students in the Experimental Group I and II.
 Correlation of PMS after the intervention with demographic, clinical
Variables
Demographic Characteristics of college students

Majority of the college students belong to the age group of 19 and 20 years
(38.20%, 32.68%). This is evident by the fact that current education believes in higher
education of females and reduction of incidence of early marriage and reduction of
employment of adolescents in TamilNadu. The whole lot of the college students
(100%) were undergraduates once again showcasing the literacy rate in the state.
107
Most of the students (55.1%, 59.8%) were from Tamil Nadu which escalates
the improvement in female literacy rate in Tamilnadu. Few of the study participants
were ailing from Kerala owing to the geographic proximity of Coimbatore and
Kerala. (83.1%, 72.8%) of them belong to nuclear family probably due to current
trend of societal shift from joint family to nuclear family. But still the importance of
being with elders provide continuous supervision of the young ones preventing
undesirable and antisocial tendencies of adolescents.
Majority of the families had 4-5 members including the siblings, father and
mother (73%, 60.9%) which helps in enhancing the interpersonal relationship,
adjustment, development of positive attitudes among the youngsters.(37.1%,42.4%)
of the fathers and(42.7%,43.5%) mothers had undergone higher secondary level of
education which reveals that parents can be provided self education material for the
enhancement of the knowledge to practice in day to day life.
Nearly half of the fathers of college students‟ (43.8%.58.7%) were working

in private concern substantiating the present fact that father is the breadwinner of the
family who earn and provide security to the family.(57%, 75%) of the mother‟s were
home makers implicating the mother‟s role in nurturing and rearing the children
which prevails across the state. Three fourth of the family‟s income was between Rs
10000-20000 affirming the economic status of the Indian middle class population.
Clinical Variables of College Students

Majority of the college students (91.1%.94.56%) had normal (BMI) body
mass index reflecting the practice of maintaining body image among the youth. Only
(6.74%,5.61%) were obese owing to consumption of junk food as favorite choice
among the hostel residents. In this study majority of (73%, 80.43%) of the college
students attained menarche in the age group of 13-15 years which is the outcome of
urbanization, sedentary lifestyle and dietary practices bringing down the age of
menarche. Few of them (29.96%, 19.56%) attained precocious puberty and the
contributing factors can be Eating poultry, treated with antibiotics and hormones,
increase in obesity and unhealthy food habits .
108
Nearly half of them (56.1%, 57.6%) had 30 days of regular menstrual cycle
which is in par with the usual pattern 23-25 days commonly. Nutritional factors,
environmental factors also has an influence over it. Three fourth of the samples
(64.04%, 63.04%) knew about the premenstrual symptoms. due to family, peer group
influence, knowledge shared easily by means of social media. Cenac et.al(1987)
found that among the Nigerian women frequency of premenstrual symptoms was
significantly high among educated women(43%) than illiterates(20%). Females with
prior knowledge had more perception of premenstrual symptoms than without
knowledge.
Dietary Variables of the college students

Most of the college students had fast food (68.5%, 59.8%) and fried food
(68.5%,71.7%) occasionally which depicts the prevailing trend among adolescents
towards fast food culture. Dietary habits contributes much to healthy life style.
Transfatty acids are high in deep fried foods than the baked foods. Compared to the
western countries we are consuming more trans fatty acids and addictive in term of
fast and fried foods which leads to obesity.
Majority of the college students drink coffee/tea 1-2 times per day to
substantiate the statement that (1.1%,1.08%). Intake of caffeine is one of the cause for
the premenstrual symptoms which is evident by the study findings of Rossinol and
Bonnlander (1990) conducted among 841 female students in Oregon university. They
stated that daily consumption of caffeine-containing beverages is related to the
prevalence and severity of premenstrual syndrome apart from any effects of daily total
fluid consumption. Analysis of the data revealed that consumption of caffeine-
containing beverages was strongly related to the prevalence of premenstrual
syndrome. Among women with more severe symptoms, the correlation between
consumption of caffeine-containing beverages and premenstrual syndrome was dose-
dependent, with prevalence odds ratios equal to 1.3 for consumers of one cup of a
caffeine-containing beverage per day and increasing steadily to 7.0 for consumers of
eight to 10 cups per day. Daily total fluid consumption also was related to the
prevalence of premenstrual symptoms although the effects were large only for
consumers of 13-19 cups of fluid per day which revealed that consumption of caffeine
is strongly related to the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome.
109
Nearly half of the participants (40.4%, 41.3%) had 100-200ml of milk and
milk products which is supported by a study by Charles platkin (2012) on PMS
symptoms which was reduced by 48 percent in women who took 1,200 mg/day of
calcium.Similar other studies also show that women with higher calcium intakes have
less PMS than women who consume less calcium and also cited by the above
author,. Charles platkin findings in his study contradicts the above concept showing
no difference in suffering between caffeine and non-caffeine users published in
TheInternet Journal of Endocrinology To be on the safe side, try to limit yourself to
one cup of coffee, or, better yet, drink tea, which has only about half as much
caffeine. More than half of the participants (74.2%, 62%) consumes fruits and green
leafy vegetables. Since, the students were hostellites they supplemented their food by
consuming fruits and vegetables.
Overall Premenstrual Symptoms in both Experimental Group I and II

technique was M=63.70, SD=35.26, during the intervention was M = 41.90, SD= 4.36
but after the intervention it was only M=35.26, SD= 4.44. The noticed reduction of
mean score of PMS was found to be significant in the one way analysis of variance
(RMANOVA) (F 2251.834, P<0.001) calculated based on the college students rating
of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis revealed that the mean differences in PMS
intervention of relaxation technique were significant. Hence the null hypothesis Ho1
stating that there will be no significant difference in the PMS before and after the
intervention of relaxation techniques to experimental group I was rejected.
These study findings substantiates my current study findings. Javad (2013) in

his study states that there was an impact of relaxation technique on physical and
psychological changes of premenstrual symptoms among the undergraduate and
postgraduate students at Azad university. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation
technique was assessed among the age group of 18-40 years on the psychological
aspects of premenstrual symptoms by VeenaJasuja et.al in the year 2014. Practicing
Progressive muscle relaxation for a month had a significant reduction in the level of
depression and anxiety
110
Su ying Tsai (2016), investigated the effects of 12 weeks‟ yoga exercise (yoga
intervention) on premenstrual symptoms in 64 menstruating females in Taiwan. The
yoga exercise intervention was associated with the improvement of the scale of
physical function (p = 0.0340) and bodily pain (p = 0.0087) of the SF-36, and
significantly decreased abdominal swelling (p = 0.0011), breast tenderness (p =
0.0348), abdominal cramps (p = 0.0016), and cold sweats (p = 0.0143). Menstrual
pain mitigation after yoga exercise correlated with improvement in six scales of the
SF-36 (physical function, bodily pain, general health perception, vitality/energy,
social function, mental health). This is consistent with my study findings.

exercise was M= 61.11, SD=3.5, during the intervention was M=45.24, SD= 3.4 but
after the intervention it was only M=23.58, SD=3.4. The noticed reduction of mean
score of PMS was found to be significant in the repeated measures of analysis of
variance (RMANOVA) ( F =1879.934, P<0.001) calculated based on the participants
rating of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis of the data also revealed that the
mean differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference=15.86, P<0.001),
before and after (Mean difference=37.52, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean
difference 21.66, P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercise were significant.
Hence the null hypothesis Ho1stating that there will be no significant difference in the
PMS before and after the intervention of Aerobic exercises to experimental group II
was rejected.
The present study findings was supported by Zinatghanbari et.al (2008) who
evaluated the effectiveness of three month regular aerobic exercise on premenstrual
syndrome. Study was conducted at Tehran University among 91 volunteers with
regular menstrual cycle. There was a significant difference in the reduction of
premenstrual symptoms by doing aerobic exercise for the duration of 1 hour, 3
times/week for three months. In the present study the mean score of the pain
symptoms before the intervention was 17.04 and after the intervention was 8.23.which
reveals the significance of aerobic exercises on the pain symptoms.
Yekke et.al.(2013) findings supported the present study findings. In his study
stated that pain reduction was significant at the end of first, third month of
intervention which supports the above findings. Three months of walking and aerobic
111
exercise were very effective in reducing pain and Physical symptoms of premenstrual
syndrome. Although aerobic exercise was more effective in reducing pain , but it did
not create a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Performing these
two exercises were recommended to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
ZeinabSamadi (2013) reported in his study on non athlete girls stated that
mean percentage score of premenstrual physical, psychological symptoms was high
when in comparison between before and after the aerobic exercise among both the
athelete and non athelete group which was highly significantly in the athelete group
at P<0.001 level. Comparatively the findings also established the fact that rather than
doing for 4 weeks, there was a drastic reduction of symptoms when doing aerobic
exercise for 8 weeks. Regular aerobic exercise increases the power of women‟s cardio
vascular activity, bone density, reducing stress and premenstrual symptoms. Zeinab
results affirm the present study findings.
Zeinab (2013) cited in their study that Girman‟s(2003) proved that anxiety can
be reduced by regular exercise for duration of 6 months, exercises has an effect on the
anxiety. It results in the elimination of negative thoughts and boosts the positive
thoughts.These different authors supports my results. Leptin acts at the receptor site in
hypothalamus area of emotional control. Exercises decreases the blood leptin levels in
women with psychological symptom of premenstrual symptoms.
Comparison of overall premenstrual symptoms in experimental group I and II

after the intervention
In experimental group II which had the intervention of aerobic exercises the
overall PMS score was less (M=23.58, SD 3.45) in comparison with the experimental
group I (M= 35.26, SD=4.44) which had relaxation technique as their intervention.
The difference (t=19.77) was statistically significant at p<0.001 level. Hence the null
hypothesis Ho3, stating that there will be no significant difference in the overall PMS
perceived by experimental group I and II was rejected.
The findings of this study was consistent with the study findings of Joyner and
Charkoudian (2004) on 20 women showed the balance of estrogen and progesterone
levels was balanced by doing 12 week aerobic exercises. Aganoff (1994) believed that
PMS symptoms and psychological symptoms may occur due to reduced B-endorphins
112
level, but by doing aerobic activity there is an increase in brain endorphins and
decreased level of adrenal cortisol to reduce severity the symptoms.
Association of Post test score with the Selected Demographic Variables

Demographic variables such as age, intake of fried food and green leafy
vegetables had significant association with premenstrual symptoms at P<0.05 level in
both the groups I and II.In the present study too it was stated that as age increases
serenity of premenstrual symptoms also increases. Freeman et.al (1995) observed in
his study that as females get older the premenstrual symptoms worsens which was
consistent with the present study findings.
This was contradicted by ZinatGhanbari et.al,(2008) who evaluated the effect

of regular aerobic exercise for 3 months on premenstrual symptoms. He proved that
there was no correlation between age, education, marital status and serenity of
premenstrual symptoms. India has rich heritage in variety of food preparation. Based
on Indian cooking methods, fat and calorific values are high.
In contrast these authors reported their study findings. Isik et.al (2016) in his
study reported that students who skip breakfast, consume alcohol or fast food, drink
less than 2 cups of coffee/day have severe premenstrual symptoms. As serenity of
pms increased, quality of life significantly decreased. Purusotamanpramanik (2014)
also reported that among the study samples 13% of adolescents consumes fast food
every day in a week which affects the (menstrual health). Initiation of menarche is
also influenced by fast food intake.There is negative correlation between fast food
intake frequency and age of menarche. Padmavathi et.al found that there was no
significant association between physical symptom and selected demographic variables
(P=0/0001), psychological symptoms and demographic variables (P=0/032). Fiekru
et.al (2014) reported that, length of menstruation is related to develop premenstrual
symptoms.
Quality of life of the college students in the Experimental Group I and II

Quality of life was analyzed on five aspects such as physical, psychological,
social relationship and environment. The comparison of mean and Standard deviation
of quality of life of participants of experimental group I and II revealed that before the
intervention (M=68.61 SD=3.64, M=85.92 SD=3.97) and after the
113
intervention(M=70.27SD 3.55, M=88.78 SD=4.53). It was statistically proved with t
value (t=3.119, t=4.509). Hence the null hypothesis Ho5, stating that there will be no
experimental group I and II was rejected.Padmavathyet.al,(2014) analyzed the life
quality of students decreased as premenstrual symptoms increases at P<0.01
level.Delaraet.al,(2012) evaluated health related quality of life in Iranian Adolescents
with premenstrual disorders. The study findings affirm the fact that adolescents with
premenstrual disorders suffer from poor quality of life which was consistent with this
study findings.
Correlation of PMS after the intervention with demographic, clinical Variables

Correlation of Post test score with selected demographic variables in the
experimental group I & II implicates that there was a correlation between the age r
value (0.303,0.17),weight(r-0.219,0.17),Body mass index(r-.242,.076) and waist hip
ratio (r-0.233,0.100) respectively, which was significant at 0.005 level. Hence the null
hypothesis H06 is partially accepted as the above selected clinical variables had
positive correlation.
MahinDelara(2011) in his study quoted that there was a significant

correlation between premenstrual symptoms score and variables such as age,
menarcheal age, weight which is consistent with the present study findings.
Sunitakumari and Ankursachdeva (2016) also stated that there was a significant
correlation between age and irritability.While Masho et.al,(2005) interviewed 874
women between the ages of 18-44 residing in the state of Virginia. The main exposure
variable was obesity as measured by Body Mass Index. They examined the
relationship between premenstrual symptoms and obesity which revealed that obese
people experience severe premenstrual symptoms.
Thus the results of the study projected implicates the effectiveness of both
the Relaxation Technique and Aerobic Exercises on the overall premenstrual
symptoms and improvement in the Quality of life of adolescents. Adolescents were
enthusiastic in doing Aerobics exercises in this age group. Hence the impact of
aerobic exercises was comparatively better than the relaxation technique upon the pre
menstrual symptoms of adolescents.
114
In the experimental group II, mean score of overall premenstrual symptoms
and standard deviation before the intervention was 6.11 and 3.5 respectively. Whereas
after the intervention the mean score was 23.58 and the standard deviation was 3.4
which was highly significant rejecting the stated null hypothesis that there will be no
significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms during premenstrual period
before and after aerobic exercises in the experimental group II.Significant difference
was noted in the physical symptoms, psychological, behavioral, pain symptom
between the before and after the intervention at P<0.01 level.
This study was supported by Zinatghanbari et.al (2008) who evaluated the
effectiveness of three month regular aerobic exercise on premenstrual syndrome.
Study was conducted at Tehran University among 91 volunteers with regular
menstrual cycle. There was a significant difference in the reduction of premenstrual
symptoms by doing aerobic exercise for the duration of 1 hour, 3 times/week for three
months.In the present study the mean score of the pain symptoms before the
intervention was 17.04 and after the intervention was 8.23. which reveals the
significance of aerobic exercises on the pain symptoms.
Yekke et.al.(2013) in his study stated that pain reduction was significant at
the end of first, third month of intervention which supports the above findings. Three
months of walking and aerobic exercise were very effective in reducing pain and
Physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Although aerobic exercise was more
effective in reducing pain , but it did not create a significant improvement in
psychological symptoms. Performing these two exercises were recommended to
reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
ZeinabSamadi (2013) reported in his study on non athlete girls stated that
mean percentage score of premenstrual physical, psychological symptoms was high
when in comparison between before and after the aerobic exercise among both the
athelete and non athelete group which was highly significantly in the athelete group
at P<0.001 level. Comparatively the findings also established the fact that rather than
doing for 4 weeks, there was a drastic reduction of symptoms when doing aerobic
exercise for 8 weeks.Regular aerobic exercise increases the power of women‟s cardio
vascular activity, bone density, reducing stress and premenstrual symptoms.
115
Zeinab(2013) cited in their study that Girman‟s(2003) proved that anxiety can
be reduced by regular exercise for duration of 6 months, exercises has an effect on the
anxiety. It results in the elimination of negative thoughts and boosts the positive
thoughts.Leptin acts at the receptor site in hypothalamus area of emotional control.
Exercises decreases the blood leptin levels in women with psychological symptom of
premenstrual symptoms
Summary
Thus the results of the study projected well the effectiveness of both the
Relaxation Technique and Aerobic Exercises on the premenstrual symptoms and their
Quality of life can be implemented in the nursing practice.
116
CHAPTER VI
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Students Staying in the Hostel at Selected Colleges in Coimbatore, was conducted
by Associate Professor, Mrs.B.Annapoorani in partial fulfillment of the requirements,
for the award Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing by The T.N Dr.M.G.R.Medical
University, Chennai.

and II.
Secondary objectives
in the experimental group I and II among the college students.
group I and II.
117
The Conceptual framework for this study was based on King‟s Goal
Attainment Theory (1981). In the present study the researcher and college students
with premenstrual symptoms met each other. The perception of the investigator was
that the pre menstrual symptoms affect the wellbeing and quality of life among the
college students. Researcher‟s judgment was to provide some intervention to reduce
the severity of premenstrual symptoms and improve the quality of life. The action of
the researcher was to obtain consent to participate in the techniques Relaxation
technique and Aerobic exercises.
The judgment of the college students was that they need some intervention to
reduce the severity of premenstrual symptoms and improve the quality of life. The
reaction of the process was arrangements made to do the intervention. Interaction was
made between the researcher and college students, assessment was done with the
PMS Diary,WHO brefQuality of life tool and the intervention was executed to
achieve the outcome of reduction in the severity of premenstrual symptoms and
improvement in the quality of life in both the groups. Relaxation techniques included
the deep breathing technique for four cycles followed by the head to foot relaxation
and vice versa for three months, five days in a week.Each session consisted of thirty
minutes. Aerobics Exercises included warm up phase for about ten minutes and thirty
minutes of Aerobic dance and a cool down phase of ten minutes. It is practiced for
five days in a week for a period of three months.
The data were collected from 181 college students with premenstrual
symptoms in two different campuses.Premenstrual Symptom Diary (PMS) was
distributed to the college students and assessed for two menstrual cycles. Then the
intervention was provided by trained researcher for the duration of three months. The
PMS Diary was also distributed during the intervention period and the college
students were instructed to record it. At the end of every month the diary was
collected. The PMS Diary was distributed again for two months and motivated them
to continue the intervention and collected back.The WHOQuality of Life Tool, was
assessed only once before and at the end of seventh month after the intervention.
The instruments used for data collection were demographic variable

proforma,clinical variable proforma, dietary variable proforma,Premenstrual
Symptom Diary and WHO bref Quality of life tool.Validity and reliability were
118
established for the PMS Diary. To assess the level of satisfaction of the college
students in both the experimental group I and II.Pilot study was conducted on 10
participants of study in each group.
The main study data collected from 89 college students with premenstrual
symptoms in experimental group I and 92 college students with premenstrual
symptoms in experimental group II were analyzed according to the objectives and
hypothesis of the study.The analysis of data was done through an integrated system of
computer program known as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS20). The
major findings of the study were as follows:
Assessment of Demographic variable Proforma of the Experimental group I and

II
Most of the college students from experimental groups I and II in the age
group of 19 yrs (38.2%,32.60%) and 20 yrs (28.1%,40.2%), hailing from Tamil Nadu
(55.1%,59.8%)with the educational status of their father (37.1%,42.4%)and mother
(42.7%,43.5%) at higher secondary level, with most of their fathers employees in
private concerns (43.8%,58.7%) and mothers (64%,75%)being home makers
respectively.
It was also noted that majority of the college students were studying in UG
courses (100%, 100%) from nuclear family (83.1%, 72.8%) with a family size of 4-5
members (73%,60.9%) and their monthly family income was found to be Rs. 10,000
to Rs. 20,000 (57.3%,69.6%) among the experimental groups I and II respectively.
The experimental groups I and II were found to be homogenous with regard to the
distribution of demographic variables.
Assessment of Clinical variablesproforma of the Experimental group I and II

Majority of the college students had normal weight (91.1%,94.56%), and
attained menarche at the age of 13-15 years (73%,80.43%) and their menstrual cycles
were found to be regular with 30 days cycle (56.1%,57.6%) and did not have any
prior knowledge about PMS (64.04%,63.04%)in experimental groups I and II
respectively. The source of information among the college students who had previous
information was found to be from family members (13.48%) in experimental group I
and from the friends (14.13%) and books/magazines (11.95%) in experimental group
119
II. The distribution of clinical variables were found to be homogenous in experimental
groups I and II.
Assessment of Dietary variable proformaof the Experimental group I and II

The dietary habits of the college students were found to be with majority of
them taking occasionally only the fast foods (68.5%,59.8%) and fried foods
(75.3%,71.7%), drinking coffee/tea for 1-2 times per day (66%,64%) and their intake
of vegetables and fruits per day was 100 -200 grams (74.2%,62%) and a significant
percentage of them consuming milk and milk products @ 200 – 350ml
(40.4%,41.3%) or 100-200ml (37.1%,43.5%) in experimental groups I and II
respectively. It was also found that both the group college students were distributed
homogeneously with regard to dietary variables.
Overall premenstrual symptoms in the Experimental group I

technique was M=63.70, SD=35.26, during the intervention was M = 41.90, SD= 4.36
but after the intervention it was only M=35.26, SD= 4.44. The noticed reduction of
mean score of PMS was found to be significant in the repeated measures analysis of
variance (RMANOVA) (F =2251.834, P<0.001) calculated based on the college
students rating of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis revealed that the mean
P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were significant. Hence the null
hypothesis Ho1 stating that there will be no significant difference in the PMS before
and after the intervention of relaxation techniques to experimental group I was
rejected.
The physical symptoms of PMS in experimental group I before the

intervention of relaxation technique was M=18.97, SD=0.80, during M=15.32,
SD=1.74, whereas after the intervention it was only M=10.79, SD=2.48. The noticed
the RMANOVA (F = 730.508), P<0.001) calculated based on the college students
rating of physical symptoms of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis revealed that
the mean differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference=3.64, P<0.001),
120
before and after (Mean difference 8.18, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean
difference =4.53, P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were significant.
In experimental group I the psychological symptoms before the intervention
was (M=20.85,SD1.19), during (M=16.41,SD=1.77), which was reduced after the
intervention (M=11.28,SD=2.75). The findings were further analyzed with
RMANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS after the intervention was
statistically significant (F = 3055.581, P<0.001). It was also evidenced in Post hoc
analysis that the mean differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference=4.43,
P<0.001), before and after (Mean difference=9.56, P<0.001) and during and
after(Mean difference =5.13, P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were
significant.
The behavioural symptoms of PMS in experimental group I, before the

intervention was (M= 6.59,SD=0.90), during (M= 5.21,SD= 0.77), which was found
to be less after the intervention (M=3.70,SD=1.11). The findings were further
analyzed with RMANOVA and showed the reduction of PMS after the intervention
was statistically significant (F = 369.520, P<0.001). It was also evidenced in Post hoc
after(Mean difference=1.50, P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were
significant.
The perception of pain symptoms of PMS in experimental group I before the

intervention was (M=17.27,SD=1.04), during (M=13.94,SD=1.04), which was found
to be less after the intervention ( M=9.47,SD=1.84). The RMANOVA analysis of the
data revealed that the less perception of pain after the relaxation technique was
statistically significant ( F = 955.558, P<0.001). The Post hoc analysis also supported
the findings wherein the mean differences in pain of PMS before and during (Mean
during and after(Mean difference=4.46, P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation
technique were significant.
Overall premenstrual symptoms in the Experimental group II

exercise was (M= 61.11, SD=3.5), during the intervention was(M=45.24, SD= 3.4)
121
but after the intervention it was only (M=23.58, SD=3.4). The noticed reduction of
mean score of PMS was found to be significant in the repeated measures analysis of
variance (RMANOVA) ( F = 1879.934, P<0.001) calculated based on the participants
rating of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis of the data also revealed that the mean
P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercise were significant. Hence the null
hypothesis Ho1stating that there will be no significant difference in the PMS before
and after the intervention of Aerobic exercises to experimental group II was rejected.
The physical symptoms of PMS in experimental group II, before the

intervention of Aerobic exercise was (M=17.77,SD=1.12), during( M=12.89,
SD=1.26), whereas after the intervention it was only (M=5.78, SD=1.08). The noticed
the RMANOVA ( F = 3686.534, P<0.001) calculated based on the college students
rating of physical symptoms of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis of the data also
revealed that the mean differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference=4.88,
P<0.001), before and after (Mean difference=11.99, P<0.001) and during and after
(Mean difference 7.11, P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercises were
significant.
In experimental group II, the psychological symptoms before the intervention

was (M= 19.86,SD= 2.03), during (M= 15.70,SD=1.46), which was reduced after the
intervention ( M=5.78,SD =1.08). The findings were further analyzed with
RMANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS after the intervention was
statistically significant (F = 2521.324, P<0.001). It was also evidenced in Post hoc
after(Mean difference=9.92,P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercises were
significant.
The behavioural symptoms of PMS in experimental group II, before the

intervention was( M= 6.42,SD= 0.91), during( M= 4.63,SD= 0.66), which was found
to be less after the intervention ( M= 3.78,SD= .85). The findings were further
analyzed with RMANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS after the
122
intervention was statistically significant (F = 265.665, P<0.001).It was also evidenced
in Post hoc analysis that the mean differences in PMS before and during (Mean
during and after(Mean difference=0.85, P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercise
were significant.
The perception of pain symptoms of PMS in experimental group II before the

intervention was (M= 17.04,SD= 1.4), during( M= 12.00,SD= 1.9), which was found
to be less after the intervention ( M= 8.23,SD= 2.0). The RMANOVA analysis of the
data revealed that the less perception of pain after the Aerobic exercises was
statistically significant (F = 942.702, P<0.001). The Post hoc analysis also supported
the findings wherein the mean differences in pain of PMS before and during (Mean
difference =5.03, P<0.001), before and after (Mean difference=8.80, P<0.001) and
during and after (Mean difference=3.77, P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic
exercises were significant.
Comparison of overall premenstrual symptoms after the intervention between

the Experimental group I and II
overall PMS score was less (M=23.58, SD 3.45) in comparison with the experimental
group I (M= 35.26, SD=4.44) which had relaxation technique as their intervention.
The difference (t=19.77) was statistically significant at p<0.001 level. Hence the null
hypothesis Ho3, stating that there will be no significant difference in the overall PMS
perceived by experimental group I and II was rejected.
The mean score and standard deviation of physical symptoms (M=

5.78,S.D=1.08 ) in the Experimental group II was observed to be less than the
(M=10.79 SD =2.48) in the Experimental group I. The t value (17.66) was significant
at P<.01 level. The noticed reduction of physical symptoms of PMS was found to be
significant in the Aerobic exercise group than the Relaxation technique.
The Psychological symptoms of PMS in the experimental groupI

(M=11.28,S.D=2.75) after the Relaxation technique as their intervention, where as in
the Experimental group II (M=5.78,S.D=1.08,) was reduced comparatively with other
group. It was statistically proved with the (t=17.80) value.
123
After the intervention there was no significant difference in the perception of
behavioural symptoms of PMS (M=3.70, SD=1.11, M=3.78, SD=.85) between the
both experimental groups I and II respectively (t=.53). The findings can be attributed
that both the interventions namely relaxation techniques to experimental group I and
aerobic exercises to experimental group II were found to be equally effective in
reducing the behavioural symptoms of PMS.

Pain symptoms score was less (M=8.23, SD=2.02) in comparison with the
experimental group I (M= 9.47, SD=1.84) which had relaxation technique as their
intervention. The (t= 4.29) was statistically significant at p<0.001 level.
Association between the Premenstrual symptoms after the intervention and

Demographic, Clinical, Dietary variables in the Experimental Group I and II
There was no significant association between the selected demographic,
clinical, dietary variables and the overall PMS in the experimental group I after the
intervention except with age, intake of fried food(χ2=5.282,P=.022), intake of green
leafy vegetables(χ2=7.974,P=.019) of the college students. It can be noted that as age
increases the perception of PMS also increased χ2=10.844, p< .013). The positive
correlation was observed that those who were taking fast food frequently and not
consuming green leafy vegetables had severe PMS. Hence the null hypothesis Ho4 is
partially rejected with regard to the demographic variables,clinical variables such as
Age, Place, Family type, Family size, Income of the family. Age at menarche,
Menstrual cycle and Premenstrual symptoms.
In the experimental group II, the association between the selected

demographic variables,clinical variables and PMS after the intervention was analyzed.
Only selected variables such as Age (χ2=14.542,P=.002), intake of fast
food(χ2=4.063,P=.044),intake of fried food (χ2=5.536,P=.019),intake of green leafy
vegetables(χ2=6.569,P=.037)had significance at P<.05 level. Hence the null
hypothesis Ho4 is partially rejected with regard to the demographic variables, clinical
variables.
124
Overall Quality of life of the college students before and after the intervention in
the experimental group I and II
The overall quality of life of experimental group I the college students was
found to be statistically (t=43.49) significantly different between before (M 68.61=,
SD=52.8) and after (M=85.92, SD=3.97) the intervention. The same finding was
noted with regards to various dimensions of quality of life such as physical (M=63.4
SD=3.03,M=25.91SD=2.47,t=12.34)psychological(M=18.09,SD=1.59,M=72.1SD=1.
44,t=16.19)socialrelationship(M=5.71SD=0.79,M=7.69,SD=0.72,t=17.17)and
environment(M=17.0,S.D=1.35,t=29.30) respectively before and after the intervention
of relaxation technique to experimental group 1 college students.
The Mean and Standard deviation of overall quality of life before and after the
intervention in the experimental group II(M=70.27,SD=3.55,M=88.78,SD=4.53,) was
found to be statistically significant at (t=43.23).It was also evidenced that the various
dimensions of quality of life before and after the intervention as follows.
Physical(M=21.39SD=2.74,M=27.73SD=2.69,t=21.84),Psychological (M=17.76
SD=1.65,M=74.2SD=1.79,t=20.56),Socialrelationship(M=6.28SD=0.45,M=7.68,SD=
0.78 ,t=14.16),Environment(M=18.59,SD=1.35,M=23.99,SD=2.82,t=21.23).
The comparison of mean and Standard deviation of quality of life of

participants of experimental group I and II revealed that before the
intervention(M=68.61SD=3.64,M=85.92 SD=3.97) and after the
intervention(M=70.27SD 3.55,M=88.78 SD=4.53). It was statistically proved with t
value (t=3.119, t=4.509). Hence the null hypothesis Ho5, stating that there will be no
experimental group I and II was rejected.
Correlation between the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention and

demographic, clinical variables
The correlation between the selected demographic, clinical variables shows
that there is a positive relationship between age, weight, BMI, waist hip ratio and the
perception of PMS among the experimental group I college students. It can be
interpreted as age increases (r =0.303, p=.004) the PMS also increases and similarly
125
increase in weight (r=.219, P=.039), BMI (r=.242,P=.022)and waist hip
ratio(r=.233,P=.028) also increases the PMS.
In the experimental group II there was a correlation between the demographic

variable and premenstrual symptoms after the intervention was (r=.396,P=.01).The
clinical variables such as weight(r=.17,P= .875),BMI(r=.076,p=.0470),waist hip ratio
(r=.100,P=.341) was not correlated with premenstrual symptoms because the Aerobics
exercises had high impact .
Conclusion
Overall Pre Menstrual symptoms were reduced after doing both the
intervention Relaxation techniques and Aerobic exercises for the duration of three
months. Comparatively Aerobic exercises were more effective than Relaxation
Technique.
Quality of Life has improved after the intervention in both the groups.
Demographic variables such as the age, intake of fast food, intake of fruits and green
leafy vegetables were associated with the pre menstrual symptoms.
Selected clinical variables such as the age,weight,body mass index and waist
hip ratio were correlated in both the experimental group I and II.Thus the results
projected that interventions was effective in the reduction of premenstrual symptoms.
126
Implications
Nursing practice
The premenstrual symptoms were focused on physical, psychological,
behavioural, pain symptoms. These symptoms become troublesome problem among
the adolescents and hence they were explored in all the aspects. The present study
focusing on use of relaxation technique and Aerobics exercises was helpful in
reduction of severity of premenstrual symptoms. The study findings have opened
several implications for nursing practice amongyouths.Awareness regarding the
symptoms and early identification of the symptoms needs to be created among
College students so as to enable them to enter into premenstrual dysphoricdisorder.
The nurses will be able to render comprehensive care in all the service areas. A
systematic and continuous assessment of premenstrual symptoms will help the nurses
to know the severity of their symptoms. Each will have their own perception to handle
the situations. Nurses can help them to identify it and offer best remedial measures.
Relaxation,aerobics can be taught to reduce the severity.
It is an eye opener for the participants to select the non pharmacological

intervention based on their level of symptoms.
Independent practice
Nurses can undergo training on alternative and complementary therapies and
implement various strategies to reduce the severity of symptoms in all the dimensions
such as physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, behavioural symptoms and pain
symptoms. Nurses can be the trainer of the trainees and teach the peer group and other
team members to be an expert in rendering the Relaxation technique and Aerobics
exercises.
Nursing education
The current curriculum in nursing education places much emphasis on
obstetrical care of patients. The curriculum content needs to be revised with regard to
identifying the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms, which is an emerging trend in
our country.
127
Students must be taught to explore the symptoms and pick out the specific
dimensions and the strategies to prevent them from entering into the premenstrual
dysphoric disorder.
Nursing Administration
Nursing personnel are prepared to identify the premenstrual symptoms and the
related non pharmacological interventions can be administered based on the
dimensions affected.Therefore in the hostel campus where the nurses and nursing
students wereresiding need a separate hall or provisions to be provided to practice
their relaxation technique. A separate hall with absolute calm and silent environment
without any other interruptions in between the therapy should be made available.
Nurse administrator can concentrate on the hostel premises and even in the
hospital premises a small room can be provided to the nurses. During changes of
shifts as a team they can practice it if they are well determined to do the Relaxation
technique and Aerobic exercises.
Nursing Research
Nursing research with regard to the care of premenstrual symptoms is not well
developed. The impact of the serum hormonal level in the luteal phase can be
explored.
Research can be done to assess the oxygen saturation during the Aerobic
Exercises. Cardiac output,blood gas analysis also provide evidence based work
out,which helps to improve the maximum intensity.Stress plays a major role in the
severity of premenstrual symptoms. Regular practice of relaxation technique will
boost the immune system and relax the body and mind. It is evidence that Relaxation
technique even helps to boost the immunity in cancer patients too.
Recommendations
 The same study can be done on a larger population to generalize the findings.
 The study can be replicated in other settings.
 The study can be done with the age group of above 30 years.
 The impact of Aerobic Exercises can be measured in terms of serum hormonal
levels and saturation of oxygenation.
128
 The impact of Relaxation technique can be analyzed on each domains.
 A Comparative study can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various
non pharmacological interventions on premenstrual symptoms.
 Correlational study can be done longitudinally to evaluate the impact of junk
foods on premenstrual symptoms.
129
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ANNEXURE - 1
LETTER PERMITTING TO CONDUCT THE STUDY
ANNEXURE – 2
ANNEXURE – 2
ANNEXURE - 2
ETHITICAL CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE

ANNEXURE-3
ANNEXURE-3
ANNEXURE-3
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this dissertation work titled

………………………………..of the candidate
………………………………………… with registration
Number…………………..……for the award of
…………………………………………… in the branch
of………………….. . I personally verified the urkund.com
website for the purpose of plagiarism Check. I found that the
uploaded thesis file contains from introduction to conclusion
pages and result shows ……… percentage of plagiarism in the
dissertation.
Guide & Supervisor sign with Seal.

ANNEXURE-4
JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS
ANNEXURE - 5
LETTER SEEKING PERMISSION FOR CONTENT VALIDITY
From
Mrs.Annapoorani.B,
PhD.Scholar,
Apollo College of Nursing,
Chennai - 600095.
To
Respected Madam,
Sub: Requesting for opinions and suggestions of experts for establishing

content validity for Research tool.
I, Mrs.Annapoorani.B, Associate professor, am working in RVS College of

nursing, Sulur. I am a Ph.D scholar in Apollo college of Nursing under
Dr.M.G.R.Medical university, Chennai, since 2013.
My study titled “An experimental study to assess the effectiveness of

Relaxation technique Vs Aerobic exercises on the premenstrual symptoms among the
college students staying in the Hostel.
I will be highly privileged to have your valuable suggestions with regard to the
establishment of content validity of research tool. So I request you to validate my
research tool and give suggestions about the tool.
Thanking you,
Date: Yours sincerely,
Place:
B.ANNAPOORANI
ANNEXURE - 6
CONTENT VALIDITY INDEX
Demographic variable anthropometry Menstrual History Dietary variable
Name & designation of 4
S. No the experts/validators 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 PMS QOL LOSI LOSII
Dr.Latha Venkatesan,
1 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Principal, Apollo CON
Dr.Suseela, P rincipal,
2 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A NM A A A A A
Bilroth Con
Dr.Esther john,
3 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A NM A A A A A A NM
Principal, Ganga Con
Dr.LathaPrasanna,
4 M.D.DGO SSS A A A A A A NM A A A A A A A A A A A A A A NM A A A A
hospital.coimbatore
Dr.Sampath,
5 Biostatistics, govt arts A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
college, coimbatore.
Dr.P.T.Saleendaran,
6 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Clinical psychologist.
Dr.Sampathkumar,
7 Bharadhidasan A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
university, Trichy
Dr.Selvaraj, HOD,
8 Psychology, Govt arts A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
college, coimbatore.
Mrs.Divya,
9 Physiotherapistcum A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Aerobic Exercise trainer.
Number of Agree 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 9 10 9 9 10 10 10 9
Number of Disagree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
number of needs modification 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
Percentage % 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 90 100 90 90 100 100 100 90
ANNEXURE - 7
RESEARCH PARTICIPANT CONSENT FORM
Hereby I Miss. …............................……… Express my consent whole

heartedly to be the subject of the Study on An Experimental Study to Assess the
Effectiveness of Relaxation Technique Versus Aerobic Exercises on the Pre
Menstrual Symptoms among the College Students Staying in the Hostel at Selected
Colleges in Coimbatore.
The details of the study have explained to me. I understand that all personal
information about me will be maintained confidentiality. I agree to be the subject of
the study.
Signature of the subject :
Date :
ANNEXURE - 8
CERTIFICATE FOR RELAXATION TECHNIQUE
ANNEXURE - 9
CERTIFICATE FOR AEROBIC EXERCISES
ANNEXURE- 10
CERTIFICATE FOR ENGLISH EDITING
ANNEXURE- 10
CERTIFICATE FOR ENGLISH EDITING
ANNEXURE - 11
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE PROFORMA,
CLINICAL VARIABLE PROFORMA AND
DIETARY VARIABLE PROFORMA
QUESTIONNAIRE
Instruction to the respondent: the questionnaire is constructed to gather the

general information on the family, dietary habits, medical history of the respondents
related to my study. Kindly fill in the needed details accurately and put a tick in
appropriate options.
Request: the investigator is thankful to the respondents for sparing their

precious time for filling the questionnaire. Parts I, and II, can be handed over
immediately and PMS diary alone may need 2 months to fill. I assure you that the
details furnished by you will be kept confidentially.
I- DEMOGRAPHY VARIABLE PROFORMA.

Instructions:
 Researcher will collect the information by administering self administered
checklist.
 Collected information will be kept confidential.
 Anonymity will be maintained.
 Information collected will be used for research purpose only.
1. Name :
2. Age :
3. Address :
4. Type of family.
4.1.1 Joint
4.1.2 Nuclear
4.1.3 Extended
4.1.4 Broken
5. Size of the family.
5.1.1 2-3 members
5.1.2 4-5 member
5.1.3 >5 members
6. Educational status.
6.1.1 UG
6.1.2 PG
7. Educational status of father.

7.1.1 Primary
7.1.2 Secondary
7.1.3 Higher secondary
7.1.4 UG
7.1.5 PG
7.1.6 others
8. Educational status of mother.

8.1.1 Primary
8.1.2 Secondary
8.1.3 Higher secondary
8.1.4 UG
8.1.5 PG
8.1.6 Others
9. Occupation of father
9.1. Government
9.2. Private
9.3. Business
9.4. Unemployed
10. Occupation of mother

10.1.Government
10.2.Private
10.3.Business
10.4.Unemployed
11. Income of the family.
11.1.1 < 10000
11.1.2 1001-20000
11.1.3 2001-30000
11.1.4 30000
II– CLINICAL VARIABLE PROFORMA
ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT:
1. Height :
2. Weight :
3. Waist hip ratio :
4. BMI :
MENSTRUAL HISTORY:
1.Age at menarche :
1.1. 10-12yrs.
1.2. 13-15yrs.
1.3. 16-18yrs.
2.Duration of Menstrual cycle

2.1.26days
2.2. 28days
2.3. 30days
2.4. 32days
3. Do you know what premenstrual syndrome is?

3.1.yes
3.2. no
4. What is the source of your knowledge on PMS?

4.1. Family members
4.2. books / magazine
4.3. Internet
4.4. TV and mass media
4.5. Friends
4.6. Any others
III- DIETARY VARIABLE PROFORMA
1. Intake of fast food

1.1 daily
1.2 Frequently
1.3. occasionally
1.4. not at all
2. Intake of fried food daily

2.1.frequently
2.2. occasionally
2.3. not at all
3.Intake of coffee / tea

3.1.>5
3.2. 5-4
3.3. 2-3
3.4. 1-2
4. Intake of milk and its products

4.1.350
4.2. 200-350 ml
4.3. 100-200ml
4.4. <100 ml
4.5. no
5.Intake of fruits
5.1.<100g
5.2. 100-200g
5.3. no per day
6. Intake of green leafy vegetables

6.1.<100g
6.2. 100-200g
6.3. no per day
ANNEXURE - 12
BLUEPRINT FOR PREMENSTRUAL SYMPTOM DIARY
Total No Percentage
S.No Item grouping Item No
of items (%)
1. Physical changes 7,8,9,10,14,19 6 31.5
2. Emotional and cognitive 1,2,3,4,5,11, 6 31.5
symptoms
3. Behavioural symptoms 6,12 2 10.5
4. Pain 13,15,16,17,18, 5 26.3

TOTAL SCORE 19 100
ANNEXURE - 13
PREMENSTRUAL SYMPTOM DIARY
NAME: PREMENSTRUAL DIARY.
MONTH:
Write the date in the first row starting with today. Circle the days of menstrual periods.
Each day rate the severity of your symptom 1=no symptom; 2=mild; 3=moderate and 4=severe
Date:
Days of the month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
IRRIT ABILIT Y OR T ENSION
ANGER/SHORT T EMPER
ANXIET Y/NERVOUSNESS
DEPRESSION/SADNESS
CRYING/T EARFULNESS
RELAT IONSHIP PROBLEM
T IREDNESS/LACK OF ENERGY
INSOMNIA/SLEEPLESSNESS
CHANGES IN SEXUAL INT EREST
FOOD CRAVING/OVER EAT ING
DIFFICULT Y IN CONCENT RAT ING
FEELING OVERWELMED
HEADACHES
BREAST T ENDERNESS AND SWELLING
BACKPAIN
ABDOMINAL PAIN
MUSCLE AND JOINT PAIN
WEIGHT GAIN
NAUSEA
OT HERS(SPECIFY)
OT HERS(SPECIFY)
ANNEXURE - 14
BLUEPRINT FOR WHO QOL BREF TOOL
Total No Percenta
DOMAINS ITEM
of items ge (%)
PHYSICAL. Q3+Q4+Q10+Q15+Q16+Q17+Q18 7 26.9
PSYCHOLOGICAL. Q5+ Q6+Q7+Q11+Q19 +Q26 6 23.0
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS Q20+ Q21+ Q22 3 11.5
ENVIRONMENT. Q8+Q9+ Q12+Q13+Q14+ Q23+ 8 30.7

Q24+Q25
GENERALQUESTION Q1+Q2 2 7.69
TOTAL 26 100
ANNEXURE - 15
WHOQOL BREF TOOL
Instructions:
The following questions ask how you feel about your quality of life, health, or
other areas of your life. I will read out each question to you, along with the response
options. Please choose the answer that appears most appropriate. If you are unsure
about which response to give to a question, the first response you think of is often the
best one.
Please keep in mind your standards, hopes, pleasures and concerns. We ask that
you think about your life in the last four weeks.
Very Poor Neither poor Good Very

poor good
nor good
1 How would you rate your

quality of life?
Neither
Very Dissatisfied Satisfied Satisfied Very
nor satisfied
dissatisfied dissatisfied
2 How satisfied
are you with
your health?
The following questions ask about how much you have experienced certain things in
the last four weeks.
A An
Not at A Very
moderate extreme
all little much
amount amount
3 To what extent do you feel

that physical pain prevents
you from doing what you need
to do?
4 How much do you need any
medical treatment in your
daily life?
5 How much do you enjoy life?
Not at A A Very Extremely

all little moderate much
amount
6. How well are you able to

concentrate in studies?
7. How safe do you feel in your

daily life?
8. How healthy is your

hostel(physical environment)?
The following questions ask about how completely you experience or were able to do
certain things in the last four weeks.
Not A Moderately Mostly Completely
at little
all
9. Do you have enough

energy for everyday life?
10. Are you able to accept your

bodily appearance?
Very Poor Neither poor Good Very

nor good good
poor
11. How well are you able to get

around?
Neither
Very Satisfied Satisfied Very
Dissatisfied
dissatisfied nor satisfied
dissatisfied
12. How satisfied

are you with
your sleep?
13. How satisfied

are you with
your ability to
perform your
daily living
activities?
14. How satisfied

are you with
your capacity
for work in
studies?
19. How satisfied are

you with yourself?

you with your
personal
relationships?

you with the support
you get from your
friends?

you with the
conditions of your
living place?
you with your access
to health services?

you with your
transport?
The following question refers to how often you have felt or experienced certain things
in the last four weeks.
Never Seldom Quite Very Always
often often
26. How often do you have negative

feelings such as blue mood,
despair, anxiety, depression?
ANNEXURE - 16
LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF THE COLLEGE STUDENTS
IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP - I
Purpose
This rating scale is used to measure the level of satisfaction of the college
students on the performance of relaxation technique.
Instruction
There are fourteen items given below, responses extent from highly satisfied
to dissatisfied. Highly satisfied is given a score of 4, satisfied is given a score of 3,
dissatisfied is given a score of 2 and highly dissatisfied is given a score of 1. Describe
your satisfaction regarding the performance of relaxation technique. Please be frank in
answering the following questions. Your answers will be kept confidential.
Highly Highly
S.No Items Satisfied Dissatisfied
satisfied satisfied
Researcher
1. Explanation of Deep breathing
technique and head to foot
relaxation technique.
2. Approach of the researcher
3. Time spent by the researcher
4. Clarification by the researcher
Administration of Deep
breathing technique and Head
to foot relaxation technique.
5. Duration of administration
6. Frequency of administration
7. Easy to follow.
8. Feasible to practice.
Performance of the
Relaxation technique.
9. Easy to follow.
10. Easy to practice.
11. Cost effectiveness.
Effectiveness of Deep
breathing technique and Head
to foot relaxation technique
12. Benefit – reduction in
13. Continuity – easy to follow
14. Comfortness after the relaxation
technique.
Score
Highly satisfied - 4
Satisfied - 3
Dissatisfied - 2
Highly dissatisfied - 1
ANNEXURE - 17
LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF THE COLLEGE STUDENTS
IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP - II
Purpose
students on the administration of Aerobic exercises.
Purpose
students on the administration of Aerobic exercises.
Instruction
There are fourteen items given below, responses extent from highly satisfied
to dissatisfied. Highly satisfied is given a score of 4, satisfied is given a score of 3,
dissatisfied is given a score of 2 and highly dissatisfied is given a score of 1. Describe
your satisfaction regarding the Aerobic dance. Please be frank in answering the
following questions. Your answers will be kept confidential.
Highly Highly
S.No Items Satisfied Dissatisfied
satisfied satisfied
Researcher
1. Explanation of steps of Aerobic
exercises.
2. Approach of the researcher
3. Time spent by the researcher
4. Clarification by the researcher
Administration of
Aerobicexercises.
5. Duration of Aerobic exercises.
6. Frequency of the rhythm in
Aerobic exercises.
7. Choreography of the aerobic
exercises.
8. Sequence of the steps.
9. Performance of the
Aerobicexercises.
Easy to follow the steps.
10. It can be practised indoorly.
12. Effectivenessof
Aerobicexercises.
Benefit - Reduction in the
Premenstrual Symptoms after
doing this Aerobic exercises.
13. Continuity – easy to follow
14. Comfortness after performing
Aerobic exercises.
Score
Highly satisfied - 4
Satisfied - 3
Dissatisfied - 2
Highly dissatisfied - 1
ANNEXURE-18
INTERVENTION PROTOCOL .
I.INTERVENTION PROTOCOL FOR RELAXATION TECHNIQUE:

Instructions before the intervention:
 Wear loose clothes.
 Do not wear foot wear.
 Remove the hair clips.
 Bring a towel to spread on the floor.
 Preferably not to eat anything before one hour.
Deep breathing technique:

 Position the students comfortably in a sitting position.
 Instruct to take a deep breath slowly with a mental count of eight and hold it
for a mental count of four and then exhale through the mouth with a mental
count of eight. Repeat this for 3 more cycles.
 Now instruct the samples to lie down.
Head to foot relaxation Sequence:

The most popular sequence runs as follows:
1. Right foot. 6. Left thigh 11. Right arm and hand
2. Left foot 7. Hips and buttocks 12. Left arm and hand
3. Right calf 8. Stomach 13. Neck and shoulders
4. Left calf 9. Chest 14. Face
5. Right thigh 10. Back
 Lie on your back, close your eyes.

 Feel your feet. Sense their weight. Consciously relax them and sink into the
bed. Start with your toes and progress to your ankles.
 Feel your knees. Sense their weight. Consciously relax them and feel them
sink into the bed.
 Feel your upper legs and thighs. Feel their weight. Consciously relax them and
feel them sink into the bed.
 Feel your abdomen and chest. Sense your breathing. Consciously will them to
relax. Deepen your breathing slightly and feel your abdomen and chest sink
into the bed.
 Feel your buttocks. Sense their weight. Consciously relax them and feel them
sink into the bed.
 Feel your hands. Sense their weight. Consciously relax them and feel them
sink into the bed.
 Feel your upper arms. Sense their weight. Consciously relax them and feel
them sink into the bed.
 Feel your shoulders. Sense their weight. Consciously relax them and feel them
sink into the bed.
 Feel your neck. Sense its weight. Consciously relax it and feel it sink into the
bed.
 Feel your head and skull. Sense its weight. Consciously relax it and feel it sink
into the bed.
 Feel your mouth and jaw. Consciously relax them. Pay particular attention to
your jaw muscles and unclench them if you need to. Feel your mouth and jaw
relax and sink into the bed.
 Feel your eyes. Sense if there is tension in your eyes. Sense if you are forcibly
closing your eyelids. Consciously relax your eyelids and feel the tension slide
off the eyes.
 Feel your face and cheeks. Consciously relax them and feel the tension slide
off into the bed.
 Mentally scan your body. If you find any place that is still tense, then
consciously relax that place and let it sink into the bed.
 Repeat this from head to foot as a cycle.
II.INTERVENTION PROTOCOL FOR AEROBIC EXERCISES:

Instructions.
 Always wear perfect fitting clothes, while doing dance aerobics. The preferred
attire for dance aerobics is shorts with a jersey.
 Do not forget to cool down for about 10 minutes after the work out.
 Beware of your posture throughout your workout to maximize your benefits
 Do not strain much on lower back..
 Drink water (not ice-cold) few minutes after the workout.
WARM UP PHASE: This phase is duration of 10 minutes. Each movements is for 16

counts.
 Heel movements: In standing position lift the alternate heels.
 Upward reaches: One step sideways on right side and one step sideways on
left and front
 Neck movements: Clockwise and anti clockwise rotation. Flexion and
extension of the neck
 Arm rotation: Clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation in both the arms.
 Trunk rotation: Turning towards the right side and left side.
 Hip rotation: Rotate the hip in the clockwise and anticlockwise& half rotation
on either side.
 Knee rolling: Rotating in the clockwise and anticlockwise direction
 Bend your trunk and touch the alternate feet with the limbs
 Harm string stretches: Place a step forward by flexing the front leg and
keeping straight the backward leg.
 Leg movements: Single leg lift,Double leg lift,Alternate leg lift.
 Lifting both the legs at 45 degree and lift your head
 Flex both the lower limbs towards the abdomen, and bring your head closer.
AEROBIC EXERCISES STEPS: 30minutes.

 Hop up moving laterally on both sides towards left and right-16 counts
 Abdomen crunches ,front and back-16 counts
 Harm string stretches on sideways, rotation on all four sides-16 counts.
 Jogging and kicking forward four steps in letter v shape-16 counts.
 Moving front by using alternative four steps and jogging in place-16
counts-2times.
 Letter v shape, moving and jogging with flexion and extension of limbs-16
counts.
 Hop ups with right hand on opposite shoulder-16 counts
 Hop up in the place with abdominal crunches-16 counts
 Hop up towards left with abdominal crunches-16 counts
 Hop up towards right with abdominal crunches-16 counts
 Hop up towards front with abdominal crunches-16 counts
 Swinging hands and leg movements-16 counts
 Swinging hands and leg movements in letter v shape-16 counts.
 Abdomen crunches , front and back -16 counts.
 Sitting position turning laterally on both sides alternatively-slow
movements-16 counts.
 Sitting position turning laterally on both sides alternatively-fast
movements-16 counts.
 Upward reaches and closing the hands and elbow inside-clockwise-16
counts.
 Upward reaches and closing the hands and elbow inside-anti clockwise-16
counts.
 Heel movements slowly -16 counts
 Heel movements slowly -16 counts
 sitting position, flexing both the knees and turning on the sides-slow
movements-16 counts
 sitting position, flexing both the knees and turning on the sides-fast
movements-16 counts
 bending the trunk and swinging movements-16 counts
 moving forward by kicking the leg front and coming backwards-16 counts.
 Relaxing with heel movements-16 counts
 Sitting position flexing the hands-16 counts
 Abdomen crunches-16 counts
 Slow jogging in place-16 counts.
 Upward reaches and closing the hands and elbow inside-clockwise-16
counts
 Upward reaches and closing the hands and elbow inside-anticlockwise-16
counts.
 Swinging hands and leg movements in letter v shape-16 counts.
 Jogging and kicking forward four steps in letter v shape-16 counts
 Relaxing slowly by heel movements.
 Repeat one more cycle from the aerobic exercises steps.
COOL DOWN PHASE: 10 minutes.
 Heel movements slowly.
 Jogging in place slowly.
 Flexion of the trunk between the legs.
ANNEXURE-19
MASTER CODING SHEET
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP - I
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 d16 d17 d19 d20 d26 d27 d28 d29 d30 d31 d32 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 c1 c2 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 rphy rpsy rbeh rpain totalsymr rs1 rs2 rs3 rs4 rt group weight bmi bp ap rbpm rapm VAR00001
18 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 150 150 41 40 29 28 18.22222222 1 1 0 0 2 2 4 2 1 2.40 2.25 1.00 2.25 2.00 2.25 2.70 3.40 3.30 3.50 3.00 2.75 2.30 3.50 3.60 3.20 3.21 2.89 3.00 18.86 21.59 5.80 15.90 62.15 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 62.72 27.75 1.00 1.00 2.00
18 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 2 162 162 58 56 35 31 22.10028959 1 2 0 0 3 2 4 2 1 2.30 2.40 1.00 2.40 2.20 2.50 3.40 3.00 2.80 3.25 2.75 3.25 3.60 2.98 4.00 2.80 3.80 2.70 3.40 18.17 21.40 6.58 16.70 62.85 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.91 24.40 2.00 1.00 3.00
20 1 1 4 1 2 1 2 2 1 150 150 50 48 32 30 22.22222222 1 2 0 0 3 3 3 3 2 2.35 2.00 1.00 2.45 2.25 2.05 3.25 3.00 3.25 2.75 3.50 3.40 3.80 3.40 3.20 2.80 2.60 3.80 2.10 18.91 21.90 7.20 14.50 62.51 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.63 26.60 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 4 1 148 148 49 48 33 32 22.37034332 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 2 1 2.00 2.30 1.00 2.10 2.35 2.45 3.40 3.20 2.90 3.20 3.00 2.80 2.00 3.60 3.80 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.90 19.20 21.87 5.60 18.30 64.97 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.57 32.25 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 1 2 5 1 4 3 2 2 1 158 158 53 50 30 27 21.23057202 2 1 0 0 3 3 5 2 1 3.00 3.20 1.00 2.50 3.60 3.20 3.20 3.20 2.80 3.45 3.00 3.12 1.80 2.80 3.70 3.60 4.00 2.80 2.80 18.20 19.83 4.60 16.90 59.53 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.53 30.45 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 2 2 3 2 1 154 154 52 50 27 26 21.92612582 2 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 1 3.20 3.00 1.00 2.60 3.50 3.50 2.90 3.20 2.90 3.20 3.40 3.25 3.30 3.80 3.60 3.00 3.80 2.60 3.70 17.28 20.40 7.10 16.70 61.48 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 62.09 27.60 1.00 1.00 2.00
19 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 1 151 151 48 47 28 27 21.05170826 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 2 1 3.40 3.00 1.00 3.80 3.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.25 2.90 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.50 4.00 3.80 2.80 18.59 20.70 7.40 18.10 64.79 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.79 26.75 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 2 2 3 2 156 156 53 52 26 26 21.77843524 2 2 0 0 2 3 4 4 1 3.00 3.00 1.00 3.50 3.80 2.75 3.60 3.20 2.50 2.80 2.50 2.80 2.60 2.59 3.60 3.87 4.00 3.99 2.60 18.42 20.47 5.19 18.06 62.14 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 62.09 26.75 1.00 1.00 2.00
21 1 2 5 1 3 3 1 1 1 152 152 44 43 28 27 19.04432133 2 4 1 3 2 3 4 3 2 2.75 3.50 1.00 3.50 3.25 3.50 3.30 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.00 2.90 3.80 3.80 3.40 3.80 3.50 3.00 3.20 18.59 21.40 7.60 16.90 64.49 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.50 28.50 2.00 1.00 2.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 2 2 153 153 45 44 28 26 19.22337562 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 2 1 3.50 3.50 1.00 3.50 3.50 3.00 3.00 3.20 3.30 2.95 3.10 3.45 3.20 4.00 3.60 3.40 3.80 2.80 3.00 20.00 22.49 7.20 16.60 66.29 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.40 29.13 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 4 1 154 154 48 48 29 29 20.23950076 2 4 1 1 2 3 4 2 2 3.50 3.00 1.00 3.50 3.00 3.50 3.60 3.10 2.60 3.60 3.60 3.80 2.60 4.00 3.80 3.97 4.00 3.89 2.80 19.00 20.30 6.60 18.46 64.36 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 63.72 29.05 2.00 1.00 2.00
18 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 3 161 161 58 56 31 30 22.37567995 1 2 1 2 2 3 4 3 2 3.40 3.80 1.00 3.50 3.50 3.75 3.80 3.60 3.90 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 2.50 3.89 3.00 19.06 22.50 7.60 16.99 66.15 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.71 32.38 2.00 1.00 2.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 2 3 4 1 149 149 40 40 26 25 18.01720643 2 2 0 0 3 3 3 2 2 3.60 3.75 1.00 3.60 3.75 3.50 3.56 4.00 2.80 3.60 3.60 3.60 2.40 2.80 3.20 3.30 3.10 3.30 3.16 19.60 21.16 5.20 16.06 62.02 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 63.79 29.31 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 3 153 153 51 51 28 26 21.78649237 1 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 3.70 3.75 1.00 2.80 3.25 3.40 3.80 3.60 3.80 3.67 3.00 3.40 3.20 3.80 3.90 3.60 3.80 3.50 3.20 18.10 21.27 7.00 18.00 64.37 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.52 33.25 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 155 155 47 48 33 31 19.56295525 1 3 1 4 3 3 4 3 2 3.75 3.00 1.00 3.67 3.40 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.60 3.87 3.20 3.80 3.80 2.80 3.60 3.00 3.80 4.00 3.90 19.07 22.27 6.60 18.30 66.24 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.41 35.00 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 2 5 1 1 2 3 4 2 157 157 58 53 35 32 23.53036634 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.87 4.00 1.00 3.50 3.80 3.90 3.60 3.18 3.60 3.70 3.20 3.72 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.90 3.80 4.00 20.07 21.00 7.40 19.30 67.77 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 67.68 34.25 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 1 1 3 1 4 4 1 4 2 163 163 57 56 33 31 21.45357371 1 1 0 0 3 2 4 4 1 3.80 3.60 1.00 3.80 4.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.80 3.67 3.42 3.80 2.40 2.70 2.80 3.60 3.30 3.60 3.00 20.20 21.69 5.10 16.30 63.29 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 62.98 36.48 1.00 2.00 3.00
18 1 1 4 1 2 3 3 2 1 152 152 58 57 34 33 25.10387812 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 3 2 3.60 3.80 1.00 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.60 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.50 3.80 2.60 3.90 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.89 3.80 19.80 22.50 6.50 18.99 67.79 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 67.15 36.50 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 3 1 2 2 151 151 54 53 27 26 23.68317179 1 2 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.40 3.20 1.00 3.00 3.40 3.80 3.40 3.00 3.60 3.89 3.00 3.60 3.40 4.00 3.60 2.89 2.50 3.80 4.00 17.80 20.49 7.40 16.79 62.48 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 62.48 35.50 1.00 2.00 2.00
19 1 1 4 1 2 1 3 3 2 147 147 49 48 29 29 22.67573696 1 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.97 3.88 1.00 3.40 4.00 3.60 3.80 3.00 3.30 4.00 3.30 3.80 3.80 4.00 3.20 2.90 4.00 3.20 2.80 19.85 21.20 7.80 16.10 64.95 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.03 33.60 2.00 1.00 3.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 154 154 52 52 29 29 21.92612582 2 2 0 0 3 3 4 2 2 3.60 3.80 1.00 2.80 3.60 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.90 3.00 3.60 2.50 2.70 2.00 2.80 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.80 18.20 21.00 4.70 15.60 59.50 3.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.30 33.13 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 2 5 1 2 1 3 3 2 153 153 48 46 26 25 20.50493400 1 2 1 5 2 3 4 3 2 3.80 3.60 1.00 2.60 4.00 3.98 3.60 3.00 4.00 3.80 3.70 3.80 3.80 2.10 3.70 3.80 4.00 3.80 4.00 18.98 21.90 5.90 19.30 66.08 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.09 38.05 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 2 2 5 1 1 1 3 4 3 154 154 56 56 33 32 23.61275089 2 3 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 3.89 3.20 1.00 3.20 3.80 3.50 3.50 2.80 3.80 3.90 3.90 3.80 3.20 3.70 3.00 3.60 3.90 3.70 3.80 18.70 21.70 6.90 18.00 65.30 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.50 33.13 1.00 1.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 2 1 149 149 46 45 27 26 20.71978740 2 2 0 0 3 3 4 3 3 3.89 3.60 1.00 3.60 3.60 3.70 4.00 3.60 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.70 2.70 3.40 3.60 3.40 2.80 3.60 4.00 19.39 22.30 6.10 17.40 65.19 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.40 30.13 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 2 1 3 3 2 154 154 55 55 35 35 23.19109462 2 4 0 0 2 3 3 3 3 3.40 3.80 1.00 3.40 3.40 4.00 4.00 2.90 3.40 3.90 3.40 2.60 3.60 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.24 2.80 19.00 20.20 7.60 17.64 64.44 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.44 26.75 2.00 1.00 2.00
21 2 2 5 1 4 3 1 2 1 159 159 56 53 36 34 22.15102251 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.70 3.20 1.00 4.00 3.30 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.40 3.70 3.10 3.80 2.60 4.00 3.20 3.50 3.20 3.30 3.80 18.80 21.40 6.60 17.00 63.80 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.80 32.25 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 153 153 48 49 26 26 20.50493400 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.80 3.80 4.00 3.40 4.00 2.90 3.60 3.80 3.30 4.00 3.80 3.40 3.80 4.00 2.80 4.00 18.60 21.00 7.80 18.00 65.40 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.40 29.75 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 151 151 43 43 25 25 18.85882198 2 2 1 4 3 3 4 3 2 3.45 3.60 1.00 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.40 3.40 3.88 2.60 3.60 3.60 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.70 3.20 3.80 18.65 20.48 7.00 18.70 64.83 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.43 26.00 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 1 3 1 4 3 2 4 1 157 157 48 47 28 27 19.47340663 2 3 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.60 3.80 1.00 3.80 3.50 3.40 3.20 3.78 3.40 4.00 3.80 2.70 4.00 3.60 3.00 3.80 3.30 4.00 4.00 19.10 20.88 7.60 18.10 65.68 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.79 34.40 2.00 1.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 153 153 54 53 34 32 23.06805075 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 4.00 3.60 1.00 3.20 3.00 3.00 3.70 3.35 3.50 3.00 4.00 2.60 2.80 2.90 4.00 3.50 3.40 3.80 3.50 17.80 20.15 5.70 18.20 61.85 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.85 35.40 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 2 2 2 1 152 152 52 52 29 29 22.50692521 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.88 3.65 1.00 2.85 4.00 4.00 3.80 3.60 4.00 4.00 3.40 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.60 4.00 2.90 3.20 4.00 19.38 22.60 7.60 17.70 67.28 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 67.34 38.50 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 1 156 156 50 48 27 26 20.54569362 2 3 1 4 3 3 4 3 3 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.90 3.60 3.40 3.50 4.00 4.00 3.40 3.20 4.00 3.30 2.80 3.80 3.80 2.80 2.80 3.60 17.90 22.10 6.10 16.80 62.90 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 62.90 34.85 1.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 4 2 2 4 1 162 162 52 50 31 30 19.81405274 2 4 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.78 3.40 1.00 3.00 3.40 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.70 4.00 3.80 3.30 3.59 3.60 3.60 3.60 2.60 3.40 18.58 23.10 6.89 16.80 65.37 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.69 33.20 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 146 146 48 47 28 28 22.51829612 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 2 2 3.09 3.80 1.00 3.40 3.60 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.80 3.20 3.80 3.70 3.50 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.70 3.79 2.80 18.29 21.70 7.50 17.89 65.38 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.14 39.29 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 5 4 1 4 3 142 142 52 51 31 31 25.78853402 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 2 2 3.72 3.60 1.00 3.40 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.40 3.80 3.60 3.40 3.30 2.40 2.90 3.80 4.00 2.90 3.00 2.60 19.52 21.50 5.30 16.30 62.62 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 62.76 37.25 1.00 2.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 2 2 3 4 1 154 154 60 58 36 32 25.29937595 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.60 3.50 1.00 2.60 3.60 3.00 3.40 3.80 4.00 3.78 3.60 3.94 2.60 2.91 3.20 4.00 3.80 2.60 3.80 17.30 22.52 5.51 17.40 62.73 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 62.82 32.80 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 156 156 53 52 29 28 21.77843524 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 4 2 3.60 4.00 1.00 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.50 3.52 3.60 3.40 3.90 3.30 2.80 3.80 3.40 3.80 4.60 2.80 3.20 19.00 21.22 6.60 17.80 64.62 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.62 38.80 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 1 152 152 51 50 28 27 22.07409972 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 2 2 3.80 3.40 1.00 2.90 3.96 3.98 3.50 3.00 3.40 3.20 2.60 3.40 2.66 2.80 3.20 3.80 3.60 3.60 2.80 19.04 19.10 5.46 17.00 60.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 60.49 36.85 1.00 2.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 2 2 4 1 155 155 57 56 30 30 23.72528616 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 2 2 3.80 3.60 1.00 3.40 3.91 3.67 3.40 3.21 2.80 3.60 3.60 3.90 3.80 2.30 2.80 3.78 3.80 3.99 3.00 19.38 20.51 6.10 17.37 63.36 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 62.71 35.75 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 2 2 3 4 1 152 152 50 48 29 28 21.64127424 2 2 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.90 3.80 1.00 3.40 4.00 3.80 3.54 3.40 2.90 3.00 2.60 3.80 3.60 3.90 2.60 3.65 2.80 3.80 3.40 19.90 19.24 7.50 16.25 62.89 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 62.89 31.73 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 1 1 156 156 49 49 28 28 20.13477975 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 3 3.80 3.60 1.00 3.00 3.89 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.90 3.80 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.60 3.00 3.57 3.60 18.89 22.90 7.40 17.57 66.76 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.33 32.75 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 2 5 1 4 4 1 3 4 158 158 53 52 30 30 21.23057202 2 3 0 0 2 2 4 4 3 3.90 2.95 1.00 4.00 4.00 3.79 3.36 4.00 2.80 3.00 3.87 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.80 3.00 3.70 3.90 3.80 19.64 20.03 7.20 18.20 65.07 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.07 34.95 2.00 1.00 2.00
18 1 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1 149 149 55 53 30 29 24.77365884 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 3.80 3.60 1.00 4.00 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.00 3.20 3.70 3.67 2.50 2.80 4.00 3.20 3.00 3.60 3.60 2.80 20.20 20.07 6.80 16.20 63.27 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.27 35.35 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 2 5 1 4 3 2 4 1 150 150 48 46 28 28 21.33333333 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 3 2 4.00 4.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 3.60 3.30 3.48 3.70 3.00 3.50 3.60 3.20 3.90 3.60 4.00 3.50 3.85 3.20 18.60 20.58 7.10 18.15 64.43 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 63.91 36.63 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 1 2 5 1 4 4 2 4 1 147 147 44 44 27 27 20.36188625 1 2 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.80 3.80 1.00 3.50 4.00 3.70 3.80 3.40 3.60 4.00 3.21 3.80 3.40 2.90 2.80 3.60 2.80 3.70 3.10 19.80 21.81 6.30 16.00 63.91 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 63.91 36.15 2.00 2.00 2.00
18 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 164 164 59 57 31 30 21.93634741 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 4 3 3.70 3.60 1.00 3.25 2.80 4.00 3.00 3.57 2.50 3.60 3.80 3.90 2.80 2.60 2.60 3.50 2.90 3.96 2.60 18.35 20.37 5.40 15.56 59.68 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.10 42.20 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 4 2 154 154 53 52 30 30 22.34778209 2 2 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.80 4.00 1.00 2.95 3.80 3.80 3.50 3.56 2.80 3.70 3.80 4.00 2.90 3.40 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.40 2.80 19.35 21.36 6.30 17.80 64.81 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.81 35.38 2.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 1 4 1 5 5 2 4 2 153 153 50 49 29 29 21.35930625 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 4.00 4.00 1.00 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.65 3.00 3.67 3.80 2.70 4.00 4.80 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.90 20.40 20.42 8.80 18.30 67.92 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 67.92 35.75 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 154 154 52 51 30 29 21.92612582 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 4 2 4.00 3.80 1.00 3.75 4.00 4.00 3.55 3.60 3.20 3.40 3.00 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 4.00 2.40 3.80 20.55 19.55 7.60 17.80 65.50 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.50 37.13 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 150 150 48 46 27 27 21.33333333 2 4 0 0 2 2 4 3 2 3.60 3.60 1.00 3.60 4.00 3.80 3.40 3.10 3.70 3.60 3.00 3.90 2.60 2.80 3.80 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.60 19.60 20.70 5.40 19.20 64.90 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.90 35.60 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 152 152 46 47 28 28 19.90997230 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 4 2 3.80 4.00 1.00 4.00 3.00 3.40 3.60 3.64 4.00 3.80 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.40 4.00 3.80 2.50 19.20 22.24 7.20 17.70 66.34 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.34 42.13 2.00 2.00 3.00
18 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 153 153 52 50 31 31 22.21367850 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.90 3.35 1.00 2.90 4.00 3.70 3.20 3.52 3.60 3.67 3.20 2.80 2.80 3.20 2.50 3.80 3.80 3.80 2.40 18.85 19.99 6.00 16.30 61.14 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.14 32.98 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 1 158 158 65 62 35 34 26.03749399 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 3 3 4.00 3.40 1.00 2.80 3.80 3.56 3.25 3.20 3.50 3.80 3.70 2.60 2.00 2.80 3.20 2.80 3.60 3.70 1.00 18.56 20.05 4.80 14.30 57.71 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 57.71 39.30 1.00 2.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 159 159 53 51 32 31 20.96436059 2 4 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.60 3.40 4.00 3.40 3.68 3.60 3.40 3.80 4.00 2.80 3.20 3.60 2.90 3.80 2.80 4.00 19.00 21.88 6.00 17.10 63.98 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.98 38.00 2.00 2.00 3.00
21 1 1 4 1 3 4 2 4 1 152 152 56 55 32 32 24.23822715 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 3 2 4.00 3.60 1.00 3.60 3.00 3.80 3.80 3.60 3.50 3.80 3.00 2.80 2.90 4.00 3.80 3.80 4.00 3.50 4.00 19.00 20.50 6.90 19.10 65.50 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.50 43.20 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 2 1 152 152 52 50 31 31 22.50692521 2 4 1 3 2 2 3 4 3 3.60 4.00 1.00 3.80 3.00 3.70 3.80 3.60 3.80 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.80 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 3.80 19.10 22.20 7.60 18.60 67.50 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 67.50 38.80 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 2 1 4 1 5 4 2 3 1 153 153 49 47 28 28 20.93212012 2 3 0 0 2 2 3 4 2 3.80 3.60 1.00 3.00 4.60 4.00 3.60 4.00 3.70 3.60 3.20 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.40 4.00 2.80 3.80 3.60 20.00 21.70 7.40 17.60 66.70 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.70 41.60 2.00 2.00 2.00
18 2 1 4 1 4 4 1 3 1 158 158 52 51 30 29 20.82999519 2 3 1 5 3 3 4 3 1 3.80 3.80 1.00 3.40 4.80 3.60 3.48 3.20 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.00 2.80 4.00 3.80 3.80 2.80 3.80 3.80 20.40 20.08 6.80 18.00 65.28 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.28 34.50 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 2 5 1 4 4 1 1 4 142 142 43 43 26 26 21.32513390 1 2 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.60 3.60 1.00 3.40 3.40 3.80 3.56 3.65 3.20 3.70 3.40 3.90 3.40 2.80 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.60 2.80 18.80 21.41 6.20 17.40 63.81 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 63.81 42.05 2.00 2.00 3.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 3 4 2 156 156 48 46 28 28 19.72386588 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 5 3 3.60 3.60 1.00 3.80 3.60 3.80 3.46 3.68 4.00 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.00 3.00 3.80 19.40 22.34 7.40 17.40 66.54 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.54 36.25 2.00 2.00 3.00
20 2 2 5 1 2 2 2 4 1 155 155 51 50 30 30 21.22788762 2 3 0 0 2 2 4 4 1 3.80 3.40 1.00 3.20 3.20 3.80 3.80 3.67 3.90 3.50 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.20 3.60 3.80 18.40 21.87 7.20 18.20 65.67 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.67 44.53 2.00 2.00 2.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 1 153 153 52 50 30 29 22.21367850 1 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 3.90 4.00 1.00 2.95 4.00 3.60 3.80 3.57 2.80 3.80 3.80 4.30 3.80 3.40 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.90 2.80 19.45 22.07 7.20 17.30 66.02 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 66.87 43.60 2.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 4 2 156 156 55 52 32 32 22.60026298 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.80 3.20 1.00 2.80 3.80 4.00 3.60 3.20 2.60 3.70 3.60 2.40 4.00 2.80 3.80 3.20 2.80 2.40 2.60 18.60 19.10 6.80 14.80 59.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.30 43.50 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 3 155 155 50 48 30 29 20.81165453 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.80 4.00 1.00 2.85 3.00 3.90 4.00 3.68 2.70 3.10 2.80 4.00 2.80 3.80 3.60 3.80 2.60 4.00 2.90 18.55 20.28 6.60 16.90 62.33 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 62.33 42.41 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 1 160 160 52 51 31 31 20.31250000 1 2 0 0 3 3 3 4 2 4.00 2.85 1.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.40 2.80 2.80 3.10 2.80 2.60 2.90 3.40 3.60 4.00 2.50 2.80 18.85 18.50 5.50 16.30 59.15 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.15 37.03 1.00 2.00 3.00
21 2 1 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 158 158 51 49 29 29 20.42941836 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 3 2 3.70 3.60 1.00 4.00 3.00 3.60 3.80 3.58 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.30 3.80 3.80 2.80 4.00 2.50 2.80 3.40 18.90 22.28 7.60 15.50 64.28 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.28 39.85 2.00 2.00 3.00
21 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 153 153 47 45 28 28 20.07774787 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.80 4.00 1.00 3.20 3.80 3.40 3.50 3.00 3.20 3.60 3.90 3.80 4.00 3.60 2.60 3.80 3.50 2.50 3.90 19.20 21.00 7.60 16.30 64.10 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.10 37.10 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 2 2 4 1 152 152 58 54 33 31 25.10387812 2 3 1 5 3 3 4 4 2 3.90 3.20 1.00 4.00 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.54 4.00 2.50 2.80 2.60 3.60 2.80 3.10 3.60 3.80 4.00 3.80 19.70 19.14 6.40 18.30 63.54 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 63.54 42.43 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 1 3 4 1 149 149 54 52 30 30 24.32322868 1 2 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 4.00 3.25 1.00 3.50 3.60 3.76 3.80 3.00 3.00 2.98 3.80 3.60 2.80 1.80 2.80 4.00 3.20 3.80 3.60 19.11 20.18 4.60 17.40 61.29 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.29 38.91 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 2 1 3 1 4 3 2 4 2 152 152 50 48 30 29 21.64127424 1 3 1 2 3 3 4 4 2 3.87 3.46 1.00 3.80 3.80 3.57 3.60 3.75 3.10 3.14 2.80 4.00 2.40 3.78 2.60 2.60 3.40 3.60 4.00 19.50 20.39 6.18 16.20 62.27 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 62.38 36.14 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 2 3 4 1 164 164 59 58 33 33 21.93634741 1 2 0 0 3 3 3 4 3 4.00 3.45 1.00 2.95 4.00 4.00 3.40 3.80 3.40 2.80 3.80 3.00 3.97 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.70 19.40 20.20 7.97 17.50 65.07 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.09 36.95 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 3 1 3 3 2 4 1 153 153 60 57 34 33 25.63116750 2 4 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.75 4.00 1.00 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.00 3.80 3.20 4.00 2.80 2.80 3.91 3.00 3.80 3.80 4.00 4.00 3.80 19.00 19.60 6.91 19.40 64.91 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 64.96 36.00 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 1 149 149 51 48 31 30 22.97193820 2 3 1 3 2 2 3 5 2 3.86 3.95 1.00 3.25 3.80 3.40 3.60 3.70 4.00 3.80 3.80 3.30 3.80 2.80 3.60 3.00 4.00 3.90 2.80 19.26 22.20 6.60 17.30 65.36 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.36 37.55 2.00 2.00 2.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 2 1 150 150 46 44 28 28 20.44444444 1 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.90 3.35 1.00 3.45 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.40 2.60 4.00 2.60 3.60 2.40 3.20 3.80 3.60 3.20 19.10 19.00 6.20 16.20 60.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 60.50 31.25 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 154 154 57 54 31 30 24.03440715 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 2 2 4.00 3.60 1.00 3.25 4.00 3.60 3.20 3.80 2.98 2.60 3.00 3.00 1.80 3.60 3.80 2.80 2.60 4.00 3.40 19.60 18.58 5.40 16.60 60.18 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 60.18 35.50 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 1 147 147 52 50 30 30 24.06404739 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 4 2 3.76 3.00 1.00 3.20 3.60 3.60 3.65 2.90 3.10 2.80 3.50 2.80 2.40 2.80 3.98 3.90 3.30 3.80 3.50 18.16 18.75 5.20 18.48 60.59 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.40 34.10 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 2 5 1 2 2 3 4 2 155 155 56 55 32 32 23.30905307 2 4 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 3.87 3.60 1.00 3.00 3.60 3.50 3.80 2.98 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.80 4.00 4.00 2.80 18.57 20.58 7.20 18.60 64.95 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.95 34.30 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 3 4 1 154 154 49 48 29 29 20.66115702 1 4 0 0 3 3 3 4 3 3.80 3.80 1.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.60 2.70 3.80 2.40 3.80 3.90 3.40 3.40 2.80 4.00 4.00 3.80 3.00 19.60 20.20 6.80 17.60 64.20 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.20 36.73 2.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 1 2 157 157 57 55 33 32 23.12467037 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 4 2 3.80 3.50 1.00 4.00 3.60 3.60 3.80 2.80 3.20 4.60 3.80 3.20 2.80 3.40 3.60 2.00 3.00 3.25 2.80 19.50 21.40 6.20 14.65 61.75 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.75 38.80 1.00 2.00 3.00
21 2 1 4 1 4 4 3 2 1 152 152 55 54 31 31 23.80540166 1 3 0 0 2 2 4 5 2 4.00 3.60 1.00 3.60 4.00 3.30 3.80 3.00 2.90 4.20 3.45 2.80 2.40 3.60 3.40 4.00 2.80 3.90 3.80 19.50 20.15 6.00 17.90 63.55 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.55 36.93 1.00 2.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 3 1 153 153 48 46 28 28 20.50493400 2 3 1 3 2 2 4 3 2 3.86 3.60 1.00 3.75 3.40 3.50 4.00 3.60 2.70 3.80 3.60 2.60 4.00 2.80 2.80 3.50 3.60 4.00 3.60 19.36 20.30 6.80 17.50 63.96 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 63.96 34.05 2.00 1.00 2.00
18 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 1 159 159 58 55 33 31 22.94213045 2 3 1 1 3 3 3 5 2 3.90 4.00 1.00 3.60 3.20 4.50 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.60 2.80 3.20 3.00 2.50 2.50 3.60 4.00 3.80 3.20 20.20 22.00 5.50 17.10 64.80 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.80 34.63 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 5 4 1 1 4 156 156 58 54 32 30 23.83300460 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.20 2.80 1.00 3.90 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.10 2.60 3.60 2.13 3.92 2.60 4.00 3.92 3.19 3.97 3.28 3.10 18.90 18.95 6.60 17.46 61.91 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.91 37.28 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 1 3 1 5 5 1 2 2 153 153 53 51 30 29 22.64086462 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 3 2 3.60 4.00 1.00 3.50 3.78 2.00 3.80 3.60 3.90 2.50 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.85 3.80 3.97 3.00 1.46 17.88 20.40 7.60 16.08 61.96 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.96 37.29 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 160 160 56 53 34 31 21.87500000 2 3 1 3 2 2 3 3 2 2.60 3.81 1.00 3.80 3.00 2.00 3.90 3.80 2.80 2.57 3.60 3.60 2.40 2.80 3.65 3.87 3.09 3.80 3.97 16.21 20.27 5.20 18.38 60.06 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.68 39.11 1.00 2.00 2.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 4 2 4 2 156 156 54 51 32 31 22.18934911 1 3 0 0 2 2 4 5 3 2.80 3.50 1.00 3.20 3.76 2.00 3.50 3.60 3.80 3.76 3.81 3.62 3.20 3.98 3.90 3.60 3.80 3.50 3.20 16.60 22.09 7.18 18.00 63.87 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.78 36.80 2.00 2.00 2.00
21 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 152 152 52 50 31 30 22.50692521 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 2.80 3.76 1.00 2.80 3.50 4.00 3.80 2.50 3.60 2.80 2.79 3.91 3.80 2.80 3.20 3.99 3.80 4.00 3.10 17.86 19.40 6.60 18.09 61.95 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 60.79 38.79 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 155 155 54 51 33 30 22.47658689 2 3 0 0 2 2 4 3 2 3.60 4.00 1.00 3.50 4.00 3.00 3.60 2.20 2.60 3.70 2.70 3.00 3.60 3.80 2.60 2.60 3.90 3.80 2.60 19.10 17.80 7.40 15.50 59.80 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.80 38.78 1.00 2.00 2.00
19 2 1 3 1 3 3 2 4 2 154 154 50 47 30 29 21.08281329 2 3 1 2 3 3 3 4 2 3.80 3.00 1.00 3.80 2.87 2.50 2.80 4.00 2.80 2.50 2.80 3.80 2.40 2.70 3.69 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.00 16.97 18.70 5.10 17.89 58.66 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 58.66 34.00 1.00 1.00 3.00
Experimental Group – II
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 d16 d19 d20 d21 d22 d23 d24 d25 d26 d27 d28 d29 d30 d31 d32 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 c1 c2 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 as1 as2 as3 as4 ast as1r as2r as3r as4r astr Group bp ap rbpmramp
18 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 2 154 154 57 55 32 31 2 4 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 3 3 2 3.90 3.91 1 2.80 3.87 2.50 3.80 3.60 3.80 3.67 3.50 3.19 2.10 3.50 3.80 3.40 3.90 3.10 3.40 17.98 21.56 5.60 17.60 62.74 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 62.94 16.56 2.001.00
18 2 2 5 1 2 2 2 2 2 157 157 61 58 36 33 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 2 3 4 5 2 3.70 2.80 1 3.20 3.80 2.80 3.60 3.80 3.67 3.54 3.87 3.80 3.60 3.89 3.91 3.78 3.99 3.90 3.10 17.30 22.28 7.49 18.68 65.75 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 65.75 19.23 2.001.00
20 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 4 1 162 163 76 68 35 32 2 2 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 3 1 3.40 3.80 1 2.70 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.67 3.60 3.80 3.40 3.97 3.80 3.40 3.98 3.80 3.65 3.82 3.16 18.30 22.24 7.20 18.41 66.15 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.30 16.51 2.001.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 4 1 4 2 160 160 58 55 32 30 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 3 2 3 3 4 3 3.60 3.60 1 3.50 3.60 3.60 3.60 2.50 3.20 3.60 3.79 4.00 2.00 3.60 3.80 3.40 3.60 3.17 3.10 18.90 20.69 5.60 17.07 62.26 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 62.26 18.36 2.001.00
20 1 2 5 1 3 3 2 4 1 157 157 57 54 29 27 2 2 1 3 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 4 5 1 3.50 3.40 1 2.80 3.80 3.40 2.80 3.20 1.90 2.80 3.00 3.60 1.80 2.80 3.70 3.40 3.32 2.80 2.80 17.90 17.30 4.60 16.02 55.82 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 56.16 20.26 1.001.00
18 2 1 4 1 2 2 3 4 3 151 151 49 45 27 25 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 5 1 3.20 2.80 1 2.60 3.98 2.50 3.60 3.80 2.50 3.40 2.18 3.80 2.79 3.80 3.60 3.89 3.80 3.65 3.70 16.08 19.28 6.59 18.64 60.59 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.59 17.05 1.001.00
20 1 1 3 1 4 4 3 4 3 155 155 53 50 28 25 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.80 3.89 1 3.60 3.50 2.80 3.50 3.76 2.80 3.60 3.90 3.57 3.80 3.78 3.91 3.89 3.94 3.60 3.99 18.59 21.13 7.58 19.33 66.63 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.43 18.15 2.001.00
21 1 1 4 1 4 1 2 3 2 152 152 50 48 26 24 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 5 3 3.40 2.00 1 3.00 3.80 2.30 2.80 3.70 2.50 2.80 3.80 2.80 2.60 3.20 3.60 3.78 3.95 3.20 2.97 15.50 18.40 5.80 17.50 57.20 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 57.20 16.55 1.001.00
19 1 1 4 1 2 4 1 4 1 146 146 45 43 28 27 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 4 1 3.80 3.80 1 3.60 4.00 2.80 3.98 3.87 3.89 3.80 3.86 4.00 3.80 3.80 3.40 3.40 3.50 3.64 3.57 19.00 23.40 7.60 17.51 67.51 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 67.51 19.12 2.001.00
20 1 1 4 1 2 4 2 2 2 155 155 52 49 28 26 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 5 2 3.50 3.60 1 3.80 3.80 3.60 3.96 3.97 3.68 3.89 3.79 3.99 3.62 3.02 3.79 3.60 3.80 3.96 3.56 19.30 23.28 6.64 18.71 67.93 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 67.00 22.19 2.001.00
18 1 1 4 1 5 4 1 1 4 156 156 58 54 32 30 2 4 1 3 0 1 4 1 1 2 2 4 3 1 3.20 2.80 1 3.90 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.10 2.60 3.60 2.13 3.92 2.60 3.20 3.92 3.19 3.97 3.28 3.10 18.90 18.95 5.80 17.46 61.11 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.51 17.59 2.001.00
21 1 1 3 1 5 5 1 2 2 153 153 53 51 30 29 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 3 2 4 4 2 3.60 4.00 1 3.50 3.78 2.00 3.80 3.60 3.90 2.50 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.10 3.25 3.80 3.97 3.00 1.46 17.88 20.40 6.90 15.48 60.66 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.31 24.52 2.002.00
18 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 160 160 56 53 34 31 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 2 2.60 3.81 1 3.80 3.00 2.00 3.90 3.80 3.69 3.98 3.60 3.60 2.40 2.80 3.65 3.87 3.09 3.80 3.41 16.21 22.57 5.20 17.82 61.80 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.55 22.03 1.001.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 4 2 4 2 156 156 54 51 32 31 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 2 2.80 3.84 1 3.20 3.76 2.00 3.50 3.60 3.80 3.76 3.81 3.62 3.20 2.70 3.03 3.60 3.80 3.50 3.20 16.60 22.09 5.90 17.13 61.72 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 62.71 21.71 2.001.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 1 152 152 52 50 31 30 1 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 2.80 3.76 1 2.80 3.50 4.00 3.80 2.50 3.60 2.80 1.65 3.91 3.80 2.60 3.20 2.80 3.80 3.26 3.10 17.86 18.26 6.40 16.16 58.68 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.15 19.69 1.001.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 155 155 54 51 33 30 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 2 1 3.60 4.00 1 3.50 4.00 3.00 3.60 2.20 2.60 3.70 2.70 3.00 3.60 3.20 2.60 2.60 3.08 3.10 2.60 19.10 17.80 6.80 13.98 57.68 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.74 20.10 1.001.00
20 2 1 3 1 3 3 2 4 1 154 154 50 47 30 29 2 3 2 3 0 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 3 1 3.80 3.00 1 3.80 2.87 2.50 2.80 4.00 2.80 2.50 2.80 3.80 2.40 2.70 3.69 3.60 3.60 3.10 3.11 16.97 18.70 5.10 17.10 57.87 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.27 22.67 1.001.00
20 1 2 5 1 4 4 3 2 2 152 152 48 47 28 28 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.90 3.80 1 3.40 3.80 2.50 3.60 3.50 3.68 3.40 2.80 3.84 2.60 3.40 3.80 3.80 4.00 3.80 2.70 18.40 20.82 6.00 18.10 63.32 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 64.52 20.03 2.001.00
19 2 1 4 1 5 4 2 4 1 149 149 48 46 29 27 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4 2 3.60 3.40 1 2.80 3.60 3.80 3.78 3.69 3.68 3.89 3.86 3.98 3.40 2.90 3.60 3.90 3.84 3.80 3.30 18.20 22.88 6.30 18.44 65.82 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.78 23.92 2.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 4 2 4 2 158 158 56 54 34 32 2 2 2 3 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 3 4 3 2.60 4.00 1 3.40 2.40 3.60 3.80 3.00 2.40 4.00 3.76 3.80 3.20 3.90 3.20 2.90 4.00 3.20 2.80 17.00 20.76 7.10 16.10 60.96 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.86 22.30 1.001.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 155 155 58 55 35 33 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 3 2 2 4 4 2 3.00 2.60 1 2.50 2.87 3.40 3.80 4.00 2.80 3.00 3.49 2.60 2.70 1.81 2.80 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.80 15.37 19.69 4.51 15.60 55.17 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 55.27 17.25 1.001.00
21 2 1 4 1 4 3 3 4 2 151 151 52 50 32 31 2 4 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 3 4 2 3.80 3.80 1 3.20 3.21 2.80 3.60 3.00 4.00 2.80 3.19 3.80 3.80 2.87 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.80 2.10 17.81 20.39 6.67 16.90 61.77 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.77 17.55 2.001.00
20 2 1 4 1 5 4 3 2 1 152 152 54 52 33 31 2 3 1 4 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 4 4 1 3.70 2.80 1 3.20 3.80 2.60 2.80 2.80 3.80 3.48 3.69 2.50 1.50 3.70 2.50 3.60 3.90 3.70 2.90 17.10 19.07 5.20 16.60 57.97 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.18 17.59 1.001.00
18 2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 2 156 156 59 56 35 32 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 3 3.60 3.80 1 3.60 3.60 2.40 3.78 3.60 3.60 2.60 3.60 2.80 2.70 3.40 3.98 3.89 3.67 3.60 3.21 18.00 19.98 6.10 18.35 62.43 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 62.43 17.36 2.001.00
20 2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 1 158 158 57 54 33 30 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4 2 3.40 3.60 1 3.40 3.40 2.70 2.80 2.30 2.80 1.90 3.40 2.60 3.60 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.80 2.50 2.80 17.50 15.80 6.80 16.90 57.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 57.00 26.55 1.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 2 2 4 1 157 157 55 53 31 29 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 4 4 2 3.80 3.80 1 4.00 3.20 2.80 3.80 3.60 3.40 2.00 2.60 3.80 2.60 4.00 3.11 3.20 3.20 2.60 3.80 18.60 19.20 6.60 15.91 60.31 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.31 24.42 1.002.00
20 2 2 5 1 3 3 2 3 3 154 154 58 55 34 32 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 4 3 2.90 2.80 1 2.80 2.60 2.80 3.40 3.80 3.25 3.60 1.90 3.40 4.00 3.80 3.70 3.80 4.00 2.60 2.70 14.90 19.35 7.80 16.80 58.85 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.85 28.49 1.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 161 161 64 60 36 33 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 3 2 2.80 3.80 1 3.60 2.80 3.00 3.60 3.40 2.60 3.88 2.80 3.60 3.60 3.40 3.30 4.00 3.90 3.20 3.80 17.00 19.88 7.00 18.20 62.08 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 62.08 24.27 2.002.00
19 2 1 3 1 2 2 2 3 1 152 152 56 52 32 31 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 2 3 4 4 3 3.60 3.80 1 3.80 3.80 3.40 3.95 3.89 3.40 4.00 3.80 3.97 4.00 3.60 3.00 3.80 3.87 4.00 3.52 19.40 23.01 7.60 18.19 68.20 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 68.20 22.56 2.001.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 2 2 3 2 154 154 55 53 34 32 2 2 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 2 4.00 3.60 1 2.80 3.20 3.60 2.60 2.80 3.50 3.00 4.00 2.60 2.80 3.67 3.78 3.50 1.50 3.80 3.10 18.20 18.50 6.47 15.68 58.85 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.85 27.07 1.002.00
19 1 2 5 1 2 1 2 4 2 153 153 53 52 32 32 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 3 3.80 2.80 1 2.50 2.80 2.80 2.80 3.60 3.80 4.00 2.40 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.60 4.00 2.90 3.20 3.40 15.70 20.40 7.60 17.10 60.80 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.80 22.75 1.001.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 1 157 157 57 55 33 32 2 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 1 4.00 2.60 1 3.30 3.40 2.60 2.80 3.20 2.78 3.40 3.20 4.00 1.50 2.80 3.80 3.80 2.80 2.80 3.60 16.90 19.38 4.30 16.80 57.38 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 57.38 21.22 1.001.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 4 1 4 2 164 164 65 62 35 33 1 2 2 4 1 1 3 1 4 3 2 4 3 1 3.96 3.40 1 2.89 3.60 2.40 3.00 4.00 2.34 2.00 4.00 3.76 1.80 4.00 3.60 3.60 3.60 2.60 3.40 17.25 19.10 5.80 16.80 58.95 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.95 22.97 1.001.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 152 152 50 48 31 30 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 3 4.00 3.80 1 3.60 3.60 2.90 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.20 3.80 3.00 1.90 3.89 3.65 3.60 3.70 2.40 2.20 18.90 21.20 5.79 15.55 61.44 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.44 22.01 2.001.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 1 4 3 155 155 52 51 30 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 4 2 3.86 3.60 1 3.40 2.80 2.80 4.00 3.87 3.80 3.60 3.71 3.69 2.40 2.90 3.80 4.00 2.90 3.00 1.80 17.46 22.67 5.30 15.50 60.93 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.93 25.34 1.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 4 1 4 2 155 155 54 52 32 30 2 3 1 2 0 0 0 1 5 2 3 4 3 3 3.80 2.80 1 2.60 3.60 2.10 3.67 3.20 2.90 4.00 2.50 3.00 2.60 2.80 3.20 4.00 3.80 2.60 3.80 15.90 19.27 5.40 17.40 57.97 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 58.22 25.51 1.002.00
21 2 2 5 1 3 3 2 4 1 158 158 57 55 33 32 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 2 2 4 3 2 3.60 4.00 1 2.80 3.80 2.70 3.48 2.50 3.60 3.40 3.90 1.80 2.80 2.60 2.50 3.80 4.80 2.80 3.20 17.90 18.68 5.40 17.10 59.08 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.68 26.50 1.002.00
19 2 2 5 1 3 3 2 4 1 152 152 54 52 32 30 1 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 2.50 3.60 1 3.40 2.80 2.80 2.00 3.00 3.40 3.20 2.60 2.90 1.40 2.80 3.93 3.80 3.60 3.60 2.80 16.10 17.10 4.20 17.73 55.13 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 55.13 21.87 1.001.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 2 2 1 159 159 59 57 35 32 2 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.20 3.60 1 3.60 2.60 2.60 3.10 2.40 2.80 2.80 1.83 3.90 3.80 2.30 3.76 2.50 3.80 2.80 2.90 16.60 16.83 6.10 15.76 55.29 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 55.29 19.50 1.001.00
20 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 3 1 155 155 54 53 32 31 2 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 2 3 3.80 3.80 1 3.40 3.80 3.80 3.00 3.40 2.90 3.00 2.60 4.00 3.60 3.76 3.57 2.40 2.80 3.80 3.40 19.60 18.90 7.36 15.97 61.83 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.90 24.43 2.002.00
20 1 2 5 1 4 4 1 3 3 149 149 48 46 28 27 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 3 1 3.97 3.60 1 3.20 3.90 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.60 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.81 3.59 3.60 19.27 23.20 7.40 18.50 68.37 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 68.37 25.74 2.002.00
21 1 1 4 1 5 4 1 4 3 156 156 52 50 29 28 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 3 2.90 2.80 1 4.00 3.89 2.60 2.80 3.10 2.80 2.50 4.00 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.80 3.00 3.70 3.90 3.80 17.19 18.20 7.20 18.20 60.79 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.85 29.45 1.002.00
18 2 1 4 1 5 5 2 4 2 152 152 54 52 30 28 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 3.80 3.60 1 2.89 4.00 3.80 4.00 2.90 3.20 2.80 3.00 3.00 2.80 3.20 3.20 3.00 3.60 3.60 2.80 19.09 18.90 6.00 16.20 60.19 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.59 26.28 1.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 156 156 60 57 35 32 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 3 3.60 4.00 1 3.70 3.79 3.60 3.00 2.70 3.70 3.00 2.50 3.60 3.20 3.90 3.20 3.20 3.50 2.80 2.00 19.69 18.50 7.10 14.70 59.99 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.99 24.17 1.002.00
18 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 148 148 48 47 28 26 1 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 4 2 2 3.80 3.80 1 3.80 2.96 2.80 4.00 3.62 3.60 4.00 3.69 3.80 3.40 2.90 2.80 2.89 2.80 3.70 1.27 18.16 22.71 6.30 13.46 60.63 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.63 24.67 1.002.00
21 2 2 5 1 4 3 2 4 2 154 154 55 53 30 28 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 2 3 2.70 3.60 1 3.80 2.81 4.00 3.00 2.80 2.50 3.60 3.80 3.90 2.80 2.60 2.60 3.50 2.90 2.80 2.60 17.91 19.60 5.40 14.40 57.31 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 57.31 26.09 1.002.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 157 157 62 60 36 33 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 2 2.80 3.89 1 3.70 3.80 3.81 2.60 2.60 2.80 2.70 4.00 3.89 2.90 3.40 3.80 3.50 3.80 3.40 2.80 19.00 18.59 6.30 17.30 61.19 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.19 24.35 2.002.00
18 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 149 149 49 47 28 27 1 4 2 3 0 1 2 1 4 3 2 3 3 2 3.80 3.67 1 3.80 3.60 3.50 3.60 2.60 3.40 2.40 3.80 3.20 2.90 3.80 3.60 3.60 3.70 3.60 3.90 19.37 19.00 6.70 18.40 63.47 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 64.02 26.54 2.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 2 146 146 50 48 31 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 2 3 2.80 3.80 1 3.70 3.00 4.00 2.50 3.60 3.20 3.40 2.50 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 4.00 2.00 3.80 18.30 18.00 7.60 17.40 61.30 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.30 27.45 2.002.00
20 1 2 5 1 3 3 2 4 2 154 154 57 56 31 30 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 2 2 4 3 2 3.60 3.60 1 3.60 2.80 2.60 3.98 3.82 3.97 3.89 3.87 3.90 3.89 2.80 3.80 3.97 3.80 4.00 3.60 17.20 23.43 6.69 19.17 66.49 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.49 23.31 2.001.00
20 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 3 2 158 158 64 59 35 31 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.80 2.80 1 3.60 2.60 3.20 3.60 2.50 3.90 3.80 1.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.86 3.78 4.00 3.80 2.50 17.00 19.00 7.20 17.94 61.14 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.14 24.25 2.002.00
21 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 4 2 155 155 53 51 31 30 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 2 2 3.79 2.50 1 3.30 2.83 3.00 3.20 2.40 2.00 2.80 1.80 2.80 2.80 3.20 2.50 2.60 3.80 3.80 2.40 16.42 15.00 6.00 15.10 52.52 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 52.52 22.07 1.001.00
18 2 2 5 1 3 2 2 4 2 152 152 54 52 33 31 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 2 1 3.89 3.40 1 2.80 3.80 2.00 2.80 3.20 2.30 1.79 3.70 2.60 1.50 2.80 3.20 2.80 3.60 3.70 3.00 16.89 16.39 4.30 16.30 53.88 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 53.88 21.65 1.001.00
19 2 2 5 1 2 2 2 4 2 153 153 55 53 32 31 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 3 3.00 2.78 1 3.90 3.60 4.00 3.40 3.00 2.80 2.80 4.00 3.80 2.80 3.20 3.60 2.90 3.80 2.80 4.00 18.28 19.80 6.00 17.10 61.18 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.18 22.55 2.001.00
19 2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 2 152 152 50 49 30 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 3 3 2 2.80 3.20 1 2.97 2.98 3.80 3.80 3.60 3.50 3.80 1.80 2.80 2.90 4.00 3.80 3.80 4.00 3.50 4.00 16.75 19.30 6.90 19.10 62.05 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 62.05 26.20 2.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 159 159 63 59 34 31 2 3 1 3 0 0 0 1 5 3 3 4 2 2 3.60 4.80 1 3.80 2.40 2.20 3.60 3.90 3.80 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.80 3.67 3.60 4.00 4.00 3.80 17.80 22.30 7.60 19.07 66.77 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.77 27.18 2.002.00
19 2 1 3 1 3 2 3 4 1 160 160 66 62 35 32 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 3 3 2 3 3 2 3.80 3.60 1 3.70 3.90 2.80 3.60 3.20 3.82 3.81 3.59 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.40 4.00 2.80 3.80 3.60 18.80 21.62 7.40 17.60 65.42 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 65.82 24.14 2.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 2 155 155 56 54 32 31 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 4 2 3 5 4 2 2.60 2.80 1 3.60 3.80 2.50 2.80 3.20 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.00 2.80 3.89 3.80 3.80 2.80 3.80 3.80 16.30 19.40 6.69 18.00 60.39 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.39 28.17 1.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 3 3 164 164 59 56 34 32 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 1 4 2 3 4 3 2 2.60 3.60 1 3.40 3.40 3.80 2.80 2.10 3.60 2.80 3.40 3.90 3.40 2.80 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.60 2.80 17.80 18.60 6.20 17.40 60.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.00 23.86 1.002.00
19 2 2 5 1 4 3 2 4 2 162 162 58 55 34 31 2 2 2 3 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 4 2 3.60 3.80 1 3.80 3.60 2.20 1.50 2.50 3.40 2.20 3.60 4.00 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.80 3.00 3.00 3.80 18.00 17.20 7.40 17.60 60.20 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.40 23.09 1.001.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 153 153 54 53 31 30 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 3 2 3.80 3.40 1 3.90 3.20 2.80 3.80 3.99 3.90 3.71 3.76 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.20 3.60 3.80 18.10 22.16 7.20 18.20 65.66 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.16 22.06 2.001.00
20 2 1 4 1 2 2 2 4 2 156 156 54 52 31 30 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 1 3.79 3.40 1 3.70 3.00 3.78 2.50 2.00 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.24 3.80 3.40 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.90 2.80 18.67 18.14 7.20 17.30 61.31 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.32 27.10 2.002.00
20 2 2 5 1 3 2 3 4 2 158 158 57 54 34 32 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 2 2 2.00 3.20 1 3.90 3.80 3.20 1.80 3.20 2.60 3.70 3.60 2.40 4.00 2.80 4.00 3.20 2.80 2.40 1.60 17.10 17.30 6.80 14.00 55.20 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 55.20 26.93 1.002.00
20 2 1 5 1 2 1 4 3 2 155 155 54 52 35 33 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 3 2 3.80 3.80 1 2.60 2.80 2.80 4.00 2.50 2.70 3.10 2.80 3.78 2.80 3.80 3.60 3.80 2.60 4.00 2.90 16.80 18.88 6.60 16.90 59.18 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.18 27.51 1.002.00
18 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 2 4 152 152 57 54 34 33 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 4 2 4.00 2.80 1 3.80 2.60 2.40 4.00 2.60 2.80 2.80 2.40 2.00 2.60 2.90 3.40 3.60 4.00 4.00 2.80 16.60 16.60 5.50 17.80 56.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 56.50 25.99 1.002.00
19 1 1 4 1 5 4 2 4 2 147 147 50 49 29 28 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 2.60 2.60 1 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.80 2.20 3.80 3.28 3.80 1.78 3.80 3.80 2.80 4.00 4.00 2.80 2.00 17.30 18.66 7.60 15.60 59.16 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.16 24.80 1.002.00
19 1 1 4 1 5 3 1 4 2 163 163 59 57 30 28 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 4 2 2.40 2.80 1 3.40 3.80 3.40 3.89 3.74 3.89 3.69 3.90 3.80 4.00 3.60 4.00 3.80 3.50 3.89 3.90 16.80 22.91 7.60 19.09 66.40 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.40 24.99 2.002.00
21 2 1 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 145 145 48 47 28 27 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 2.50 3.45 1 3.90 3.80 3.80 2.80 2.60 4.00 2.50 2.80 2.60 3.60 2.80 3.70 3.60 3.80 4.00 3.80 18.45 17.30 6.40 18.90 61.05 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.05 27.19 1.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 156 156 58 56 32 30 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 4 1 3.70 3.69 1 3.50 2.80 3.10 3.80 2.80 3.00 1.80 4.00 1.89 2.80 1.80 2.80 4.00 3.20 3.80 3.60 17.79 17.29 4.60 17.40 57.08 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 57.08 24.45 1.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 154 154 53 52 34 30 1 3 1 4 0 1 3 1 3 2 3 3 4 2 3.80 2.97 1 3.80 2.60 2.80 3.60 2.60 2.00 2.98 2.80 4.00 2.40 4.00 2.60 2.60 3.40 3.60 4.00 16.97 17.98 6.40 16.20 57.55 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 57.55 26.56 1.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 158 158 59 56 35 32 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 2 4.00 2.60 1 3.70 3.56 2.60 2.50 3.80 2.00 2.80 3.80 3.00 3.87 3.19 3.80 4.00 3.00 2.80 3.70 17.46 17.90 7.06 17.30 59.72 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 59.87 28.52 1.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 152 152 54 52 32 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4 3 2.80 3.80 1 3.78 3.60 3.40 3.99 3.84 3.91 4.00 3.40 3.56 3.98 3.79 3.80 3.80 4.00 4.00 3.80 18.38 22.70 7.77 19.40 68.25 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 68.36 27.73 2.002.00
20 1 2 5 1 4 3 3 4 2 155 155 58 56 33 31 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4 2 3.80 3.50 1 3.98 3.80 2.20 3.60 3.20 4.00 4.00 3.80 3.20 3.80 2.80 3.60 3.98 4.00 3.90 3.85 18.28 21.80 6.60 19.33 66.01 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.01 28.57 2.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 2 2 4 2 148 148 51 49 30 29 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 4 1 3.90 2.80 1 3.78 3.40 3.20 3.70 2.90 3.00 2.40 2.60 4.00 2.60 3.60 2.40 3.20 3.00 3.60 1.90 18.08 18.60 6.20 14.10 56.98 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 57.28 27.35 1.002.00
19 1 1 5 1 2 2 2 4 2 161 161 62 58 35 32 1 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 3.79 3.40 1 3.40 2.50 3.60 3.20 3.80 2.00 2.40 3.00 3.00 1.80 3.60 3.80 2.80 4.00 4.00 3.40 17.69 17.40 5.40 18.00 58.49 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 58.49 28.37 1.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 2 2 4 2 153 153 53 52 32 31 2 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.58 2.60 1 3.20 2.40 2.80 2.80 2.90 2.67 2.80 3.50 2.80 4.00 3.42 4.00 3.90 4.00 3.80 3.50 15.58 17.47 7.42 19.20 59.67 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 59.67 26.77 1.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 3 152 152 54 52 32 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 2 4 2 2.80 3.60 1 3.80 3.91 3.70 3.80 3.98 3.89 3.60 3.91 3.88 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.80 4.00 4.00 2.80 18.81 23.06 7.20 18.60 67.67 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 67.67 25.46 2.002.00
19 2 2 5 1 3 3 2 4 2 144 144 48 47 28 27 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.60 3.80 1 3.76 2.80 3.80 2.20 2.70 3.80 2.40 3.80 3.90 3.40 3.40 2.80 4.00 4.00 3.80 3.00 18.76 18.80 6.80 17.60 61.96 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.96 27.23 2.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 4 3 165 165 67 63 36 33 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.80 2.80 1 3.80 2.80 3.60 3.67 2.80 3.70 3.16 3.80 3.20 2.80 3.40 3.60 2.00 3.00 4.00 2.80 17.80 20.33 6.20 15.40 59.73 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.83 26.93 1.002.00
19 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 2 152 152 52 51 34 33 2 2 2 3 0 1 1 1 4 2 2 4 3 1 3.60 3.80 1 3.67 2.60 3.40 3.80 3.95 3.84 3.93 3.91 3.89 2.81 3.60 3.40 4.00 3.60 3.90 3.80 18.07 23.32 6.41 18.70 66.50 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.50 23.89 2.002.00
19 2 2 5 1 3 2 2 4 3 158 158 58 55 33 32 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 4 2 3.40 3.60 1 3.30 3.40 3.80 4.00 3.60 2.70 3.40 2.50 2.60 4.00 2.80 2.80 3.50 3.60 4.00 3.60 18.50 18.80 6.80 17.50 61.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.80 26.46 2.002.00
21 2 2 5 1 4 3 3 4 2 156 156 56 54 34 31 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.20 2.80 1 3.00 3.20 2.50 4.00 3.80 3.70 3.78 2.80 3.25 3.00 2.50 2.50 3.60 4.00 3.80 3.20 15.70 21.33 5.50 17.10 59.63 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.63 27.01 1.002.00
18 2 1 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 152 152 50 49 30 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.60 2.60 1 4.00 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.60 2.80 3.50 3.80 3.60 4.00 2.50 1.80 3.80 3.80 4.00 3.70 18.10 20.90 6.50 17.10 62.60 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 62.60 23.68 2.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 153 153 55 53 32 30 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 3 4 2 3.80 3.80 1 3.40 2.60 4.00 3.00 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.00 1.80 2.60 2.50 3.80 2.80 2.80 18.60 21.60 4.80 14.50 59.50 3.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.50 24.70 1.002.00
21 1 1 3 1 4 4 2 3 2 149 149 49 48 29 28 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 3 3 2 4 3 2 3.60 3.60 1 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.00 2.90 3.40 2.40 3.00 4.00 4.00 2.20 4.00 3.80 3.00 2.70 3.80 19.20 18.70 6.20 17.30 61.40 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.40 24.62 2.002.00
19 2 2 5 1 4 4 3 2 2 150 150 52 50 30 29 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 4 1 3.20 3.21 1 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.80 2.90 2.78 3.02 3.00 2.80 2.80 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.80 3.00 18.81 19.10 5.60 17.90 61.41 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.41 24.34 2.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 5 5 1 1 4 152 152 54 53 31 30 1 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.40 2.80 1 3.40 2.40 3.00 3.80 3.52 3.56 3.79 3.80 3.60 2.40 2.80 2.60 2.80 3.80 3.60 2.10 16.00 22.07 5.20 14.90 58.17 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.17 27.80 1.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 3 1 4 3 151 151 55 53 32 29 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 4 2 3.80 3.40 1 3.80 3.90 2.70 3.40 3.80 3.73 3.26 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.40 1.80 4.00 3.00 2.80 2.80 18.60 21.79 7.00 14.40 61.79 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.79 27.32 2.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 5 4 2 4 2 150 150 56 53 33 31 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 2 2 2 4 3 3.50 3.60 1 3.40 3.60 2.80 3.20 2.70 3.00 3.78 3.00 3.80 3.80 3.40 2.80 4.00 2.80 3.00 3.00 17.90 19.48 7.20 15.60 60.18 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.18 17.07 1.001.00
21 2 2 5 1 4 3 1 4 4 156 156 59 56 34 31 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 4.00 3.96 1 3.60 3.40 3.32 3.60 3.60 3.85 3.68 3.80 3.91 3.60 3.90 3.97 3.50 3.00 4.00 3.86 19.28 22.44 7.50 18.33 67.55 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 65.99 21.94 2.001.00
20 2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 3 154 154 56 53 33 31 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4 2 3.80 3.79 1 3.80 3.84 3.40 3.80 3.70 2.00 3.65 3.12 3.80 2.70 2.80 1.80 3.80 3.10 3.00 2.10 19.63 20.07 5.50 13.80 59.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.00 20.18 1.001.00
20 2 2 5 1 4 4 3 4 2 158 158 58 52 35 31 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 4 2 3.79 3.70 1 3.80 4.00 3.10 2.80 3.60 3.14 3.60 3.60 3.90 2.90 2.90 3.50 2.60 4.00 2.00 3.60 19.39 20.64 5.80 15.70 61.53 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.53 21.41 2.001.00
Comparison of Before, during, After, Experimental Group – I & II
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 OP5 OP6 OP7 group Before pms During pms After pms PMS1 after PMS2 after PMS3 after PMS4 after
63.14 62.74 63.45 34.51 22.74 23.06 23.06 1.00 62.94 40.23 23.06 7.25 7.50 2.25 6.06
65.75 65.75 65.23 34.26 24.98 25.65 25.65 1.00 65.75 41.49 25.65 8.13 7.42 4.40 5.70
66.45 66.15 59.97 36.79 27.99 27.99 27.99 1.00 66.30 41.58 27.99 6.00 12.48 4.01 5.50
62.26 62.26 62.00 33.98 29.32 29.26 29.26 1.00 62.26 41.77 29.26 7.01 11.90 4.10 6.25
56.50 55.82 56.43 38.07 28.92 30.92 30.92 1.00 56.16 41.14 30.92 8.86 12.66 3.90 5.50
60.59 60.59 56.66 34.43 28.20 28.20 28.20 1.00 60.59 39.76 28.20 7.40 12.15 3.25 5.40
66.22 66.63 60.53 32.30 27.55 28.85 28.85 1.00 66.43 40.13 28.85 6.00 11.70 2.85 8.30
57.20 57.20 58.11 40.19 22.30 22.30 22.30 1.00 57.20 40.20 22.30 7.50 6.75 2.25 5.80
67.51 67.51 64.23 35.08 28.80 30.30 29.32 1.00 67.51 42.70 29.81 8.64 11.69 4.18 5.30
66.07 67.93 66.11 36.24 31.98 34.55 32.86 1.00 67.00 44.78 33.71 9.44 13.07 3.50 7.70
61.91 61.11 61.65 36.46 26.39 26.39 26.39 1.00 61.51 41.50 26.39 6.40 9.80 2.99 7.20
61.96 60.66 58.22 40.58 31.79 36.92 35.32 1.00 61.31 43.53 36.12 9.53 12.80 4.08 9.71
59.29 61.80 55.11 39.92 27.84 32.13 31.33 1.00 60.55 40.96 31.73 11.59 11.70 3.44 5.00
63.69 61.72 64.21 37.95 27.99 30.95 30.95 1.00 62.71 43.38 30.95 9.63 11.24 4.33 5.75
59.62 58.68 55.15 42.15 31.05 34.67 34.67 1.00 59.15 42.78 34.67 9.90 12.75 3.62 8.40
59.80 57.68 55.52 37.48 30.43 28.37 28.37 1.00 58.74 41.14 28.37 6.45 9.27 3.70 8.95
58.66 57.87 57.97 41.74 32.02 34.36 32.47 1.00 58.27 43.91 33.42 9.88 12.20 5.10 6.24
65.72 63.32 64.32 41.28 30.82 30.92 30.92 1.00 64.52 45.47 30.92 7.30 11.89 4.74 6.99
67.74 65.82 67.50 39.97 24.53 25.87 25.87 1.00 66.78 44.00 25.87 9.24 8.18 2.70 5.75
60.75 60.96 60.26 36.39 32.60 32.60 31.71 1.00 60.86 43.08 32.16 10.17 11.41 3.50 7.08
55.37 55.17 47.15 42.08 26.98 27.99 27.99 1.00 55.27 38.74 27.99 8.25 11.74 3.00 5.00
61.77 61.77 61.71 41.26 27.50 27.50 27.50 1.00 61.77 43.49 27.50 8.55 10.95 2.25 5.75
58.39 57.97 53.89 37.18 28.25 29.25 29.25 1.00 58.18 39.77 29.25 6.94 12.66 2.50 7.15
62.43 62.43 61.71 36.33 27.51 28.19 28.19 1.00 62.43 41.85 28.19 8.04 11.83 2.32 6.00
57.00 57.00 57.19 36.00 35.20 35.20 35.20 1.00 57.00 42.80 35.20 10.97 10.65 3.38 10.20
60.31 60.31 55.02 35.05 33.25 35.05 36.05 1.00 60.31 41.11 35.55 11.92 13.13 4.30 6.20
58.85 58.85 58.09 48.31 36.34 38.69 38.69 1.00 58.85 47.58 38.69 12.89 12.20 4.70 8.90
62.08 62.08 62.43 38.41 30.06 33.76 33.76 1.00 62.08 43.63 33.76 12.87 11.49 3.00 6.40
68.20 68.20 66.71 35.54 31.25 31.25 32.25 1.00 68.20 44.50 31.75 11.83 11.19 2.70 6.03
58.85 58.85 55.96 48.29 36.36 39.55 39.55 1.00 58.85 46.87 39.55 12.11 14.48 4.56 8.40
60.80 60.80 61.38 44.55 34.06 34.06 34.06 1.00 60.80 46.66 34.06 10.85 13.31 3.50 6.40
57.38 57.38 51.90 44.41 33.60 33.92 33.92 1.00 57.38 43.30 33.92 7.00 13.70 3.80 9.42
58.95 58.95 58.91 41.88 32.19 34.39 34.39 1.00 58.95 44.33 34.39 7.87 12.42 4.30 9.80
61.44 61.44 60.69 42.56 33.91 35.11 35.11 1.00 61.44 45.72 35.11 9.66 15.10 4.40 5.95
60.93 60.93 60.94 50.54 36.65 37.85 36.65 1.00 60.93 49.38 37.25 11.49 13.31 3.40 9.05
58.47 57.97 56.98 50.15 33.81 35.71 35.71 1.00 58.22 46.98 35.71 10.76 12.20 2.65 10.10
60.28 59.08 55.36 37.87 34.54 35.84 35.84 1.00 59.68 42.59 35.84 10.56 11.34 3.40 10.54
55.13 55.13 47.90 37.60 31.72 31.72 31.67 1.00 55.13 39.07 31.70 7.62 10.80 2.90 10.38
55.29 55.29 56.36 33.88 27.80 28.80 28.80 1.00 55.29 39.35 28.80 8.35 10.30 4.40 5.75
61.97 61.83 62.14 44.48 39.77 39.57 38.23 1.00 61.90 48.80 38.90 9.35 15.80 2.75 11.00
68.37 68.37 68.05 49.07 35.85 37.35 34.88 1.00 68.37 50.99 36.12 10.14 11.14 4.34 10.50
60.90 60.79 60.50 49.90 41.75 39.75 39.75 1.00 60.85 50.72 39.75 11.30 12.30 4.40 11.75
60.99 60.19 61.24 46.62 35.20 36.37 36.37 1.00 60.59 47.69 36.37 10.50 12.09 4.28 9.50
59.99 59.99 60.48 41.11 30.21 33.55 31.35 1.00 59.99 43.93 32.45 11.03 9.18 2.49 9.75
60.63 60.63 59.58 37.49 33.03 31.77 31.77 1.00 60.63 43.37 31.77 11.43 9.10 2.74 8.50
57.31 57.31 56.17 39.97 34.12 33.02 33.02 1.00 57.31 43.42 33.02 11.59 8.93 4.50 8.00
61.19 61.19 59.32 41.74 40.08 37.04 35.79 1.00 61.19 47.05 36.42 10.24 13.44 3.75 8.99
65.57 63.47 64.04 45.61 41.91 40.74 38.06 1.00 64.52 50.52 39.40 11.38 14.24 5.10 8.69
61.30 61.30 54.30 52.25 41.51 38.30 38.30 1.00 61.30 49.35 38.30 10.60 12.85 4.50 10.35
66.49 66.49 64.48 49.77 35.19 35.19 33.64 1.00 66.49 49.81 34.42 9.21 12.33 3.38 9.50
61.14 61.14 61.36 43.14 37.61 36.71 34.01 1.00 61.14 47.37 35.36 9.60 11.76 4.73 9.27
52.52 52.52 50.77 42.02 34.02 35.97 32.97 1.00 52.52 42.27 34.47 9.65 13.78 5.60 5.45
53.88 53.88 54.12 45.60 30.01 30.01 30.01 1.00 53.88 43.24 30.01 8.40 9.36 2.25 10.00
61.18 61.18 60.00 41.64 31.73 31.73 30.10 1.00 61.18 44.46 30.92 11.57 9.55 4.30 5.50
62.05 62.05 59.79 51.12 39.30 37.90 38.10 1.00 62.05 50.07 38.00 10.40 13.90 4.90 8.80
66.77 66.77 64.60 48.94 38.52 37.02 37.27 1.00 66.77 50.69 37.15 10.45 11.97 4.73 10.00
66.22 65.42 64.89 53.94 34.61 34.61 34.06 1.00 65.82 51.15 34.34 8.21 11.55 2.53 12.05
60.39 60.39 59.83 55.66 37.77 41.23 40.60 1.00 60.39 51.09 40.92 12.42 14.09 5.11 9.30
60.00 60.00 61.03 51.40 34.21 34.21 34.21 1.00 60.00 48.88 34.21 6.60 11.35 3.96 12.30
60.60 60.20 58.19 45.85 34.31 33.06 34.31 1.00 60.40 46.12 33.69 7.11 12.10 3.73 10.75
66.66 65.66 63.20 43.94 32.46 33.46 33.46 1.00 66.16 46.53 33.46 7.55 12.40 3.51 10.00
61.33 61.31 60.65 52.02 37.09 38.59 37.35 1.00 61.32 49.92 37.97 9.92 13.00 4.25 10.80
55.20 55.20 50.54 44.87 37.34 37.10 37.31 1.00 55.20 44.25 37.21 11.03 12.28 4.65 9.25
59.18 59.18 58.15 46.89 35.85 37.50 37.40 1.00 59.18 46.96 37.45 11.66 11.94 4.60 9.25
56.50 56.50 54.03 49.88 38.81 37.44 37.44 1.00 56.50 47.57 37.44 10.19 13.45 3.00 10.80
59.16 59.16 54.00 49.29 31.21 32.97 35.47 1.00 59.16 44.83 34.22 10.84 11.30 5.21 6.88
66.40 66.40 63.70 58.35 32.99 35.49 35.74 1.00 66.40 51.68 35.62 11.74 12.63 5.50 5.75
61.05 61.05 53.14 50.60 37.94 37.19 38.34 1.00 61.05 47.23 37.77 11.83 12.58 3.86 9.50
57.08 57.08 55.94 50.65 29.63 31.63 31.63 1.00 57.08 45.41 31.63 8.75 9.18 4.20 9.50
57.55 57.55 56.85 47.37 36.01 37.01 37.01 1.00 57.55 46.74 37.01 10.61 12.45 4.70 9.25
60.02 59.72 52.57 47.35 37.37 38.24 37.25 1.00 59.87 45.76 37.75 11.67 11.23 4.60 10.25
68.47 68.25 61.94 53.75 40.68 42.46 36.48 1.00 68.36 52.12 39.47 11.77 12.98 3.98 10.75
66.01 66.01 61.99 51.76 31.95 37.74 35.89 1.00 66.01 48.57 36.82 11.77 10.25 4.52 10.28
57.58 56.98 49.22 45.90 39.38 39.38 39.38 1.00 57.28 44.83 39.38 11.59 14.03 3.56 10.20
58.49 58.49 52.07 48.03 39.64 40.32 40.64 1.00 58.49 46.58 40.48 12.31 13.77 3.80 10.60
59.67 59.67 55.53 53.76 35.01 38.81 35.40 1.00 59.67 48.10 37.11 10.79 11.54 4.50 10.28
67.67 67.67 62.39 54.12 34.28 36.23 33.98 1.00 67.67 50.26 35.11 10.41 11.88 3.23 9.60
61.96 61.96 59.95 51.94 34.25 36.67 34.50 1.00 61.96 48.71 35.59 11.19 10.03 3.38 11.00
59.93 59.73 59.43 55.33 33.00 37.39 36.55 1.00 59.83 49.25 36.97 11.72 11.38 4.13 9.75
66.50 66.50 66.75 49.83 30.28 35.38 34.07 1.00 66.50 48.95 34.73 12.20 12.18 4.60 5.75
62.00 61.60 62.32 54.49 36.77 39.92 37.10 1.00 61.80 51.19 38.51 12.18 14.05 2.78 9.50
59.63 59.63 47.84 46.75 39.18 40.34 40.34 1.00 59.63 44.59 40.34 11.84 15.33 4.41 8.76
62.60 62.60 61.71 60.08 32.54 35.68 34.68 1.00 62.60 51.44 35.18 9.87 13.50 3.31 8.50
59.50 59.50 58.84 53.70 31.65 36.55 36.55 1.00 59.50 48.06 36.55 13.18 13.85 3.77 5.75
61.40 61.40 57.53 54.65 33.77 35.12 35.12 1.00 61.40 48.65 35.12 10.30 12.50 3.00 9.32
61.41 61.41 61.92 35.95 33.71 33.26 33.48 1.00 61.41 43.86 33.37 10.73 11.14 4.70 6.80
58.17 58.17 57.42 46.83 36.02 38.35 36.67 1.00 58.17 46.76 37.51 12.18 11.72 4.62 9.00
61.79 61.79 58.41 46.78 32.81 37.73 36.48 1.00 61.79 46.00 37.11 12.08 11.79 4.50 8.74
60.18 60.18 57.05 46.20 24.32 24.32 24.32 1.00 60.18 42.52 24.32 7.62 8.25 2.25 6.20
64.42 67.55 63.37 40.39 30.84 33.44 31.94 1.00 65.99 44.87 32.69 12.19 12.75 2.25 5.50
59.00 59.00 55.95 41.91 29.83 29.08 29.08 1.00 59.00 42.56 29.08 10.18 10.90 3.00 5.00
61.53 61.53 59.77 43.79 32.87 30.70 29.91 1.00 61.53 45.48 30.31 10.76 10.50 3.50 5.55
63.29 62.15 47.30 38.73 28.25 27.75 27.75 2.00 62.72 38.09 27.75 7.50 7.75 4.00 8.50
64.96 62.85 50.85 40.75 25.90 24.40 24.40 2.00 63.91 39.17 24.40 6.25 6.75 3.40 8.00
66.74 62.51 50.85 38.00 26.85 26.60 26.60 2.00 64.63 38.57 26.60 6.25 7.25 4.00 9.10
64.17 64.97 50.50 43.50 33.50 32.25 32.25 2.00 64.57 42.50 32.25 6.75 7.00 4.10 14.40
59.53 59.53 56.77 43.70 31.45 30.45 30.45 2.00 59.53 43.97 30.45 11.10 6.00 3.55 9.80
62.70 61.48 58.95 43.65 27.85 27.60 27.60 2.00 62.09 43.48 27.60 6.25 6.75 4.00 10.60
64.79 64.79 60.60 46.10 27.50 26.75 26.75 2.00 64.79 44.73 26.75 6.00 6.75 3.00 11.00
62.04 62.14 56.70 45.59 26.75 26.75 26.75 2.00 62.09 43.01 26.75 7.25 7.00 4.50 8.00
64.50 64.49 60.80 45.35 29.00 27.75 29.25 2.00 64.50 45.05 28.50 7.25 9.25 3.00 9.00
66.50 66.29 59.80 44.30 31.00 28.75 29.50 2.00 66.40 45.03 29.13 6.63 8.50 5.00 9.00
63.07 64.36 61.46 47.92 29.55 28.55 29.55 2.00 63.72 46.31 29.05 7.00 8.25 5.00 8.80
65.26 66.15 59.94 47.74 31.50 32.25 32.50 2.00 65.71 46.39 32.38 11.13 9.75 4.50 7.00
65.56 62.02 61.62 47.96 28.56 29.31 29.31 2.00 63.79 46.05 29.31 6.75 10.00 3.40 9.16
66.67 64.37 64.17 49.60 33.50 33.25 33.25 2.00 65.52 49.09 33.25 11.25 8.00 3.00 11.00
64.57 66.24 63.79 47.05 35.00 35.00 35.00 2.00 65.41 48.61 35.00 11.00 12.00 3.00 9.00
67.58 67.77 66.77 45.60 34.25 34.25 34.25 2.00 67.68 48.87 34.25 6.25 12.00 4.00 12.00
62.67 63.29 58.59 46.60 36.35 36.35 36.60 2.00 62.98 47.18 36.48 11.13 9.75 4.00 11.60
66.50 67.79 60.30 51.70 36.50 36.50 36.50 2.00 67.15 49.50 36.50 10.00 12.00 3.00 11.50
62.48 62.48 60.88 53.65 36.50 35.50 35.50 2.00 62.48 50.34 35.50 7.00 12.00 4.00 12.50
65.10 64.95 63.45 52.95 32.60 33.35 33.85 2.00 65.03 49.67 33.60 6.50 9.00 3.00 15.10
59.50 59.50 58.50 53.45 33.00 33.00 33.25 2.00 59.50 48.32 33.13 11.13 8.00 3.00 11.00
66.10 66.08 64.08 52.20 37.55 38.05 38.05 2.00 66.09 51.28 38.05 11.00 9.25 3.10 14.70
65.30 65.30 64.49 55.50 32.50 33.00 33.25 2.00 65.30 50.83 33.13 11.63 9.50 3.00 9.00
65.60 65.19 64.29 54.60 29.25 29.75 30.50 2.00 65.40 49.38 30.13 11.13 10.00 3.00 6.00
64.44 64.44 63.44 60.49 27.25 26.75 26.75 2.00 64.44 50.39 26.75 6.75 9.00 2.00 9.00
63.80 63.80 62.40 61.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 2.00 63.80 51.97 32.25 8.25 11.00 3.00 10.00
65.40 65.40 63.40 60.15 29.75 29.75 29.75 2.00 65.40 51.10 29.75 7.75 9.00 4.00 9.00
64.03 64.83 64.83 60.85 26.00 26.00 26.00 2.00 64.43 50.56 26.00 8.00 7.00 2.00 9.00
65.90 65.68 65.68 59.95 34.90 34.40 34.40 2.00 65.79 53.51 34.40 11.90 8.00 5.50 9.00
61.85 61.85 61.85 57.95 35.40 35.40 35.40 2.00 61.85 51.73 35.40 12.00 9.50 3.90 10.00
67.40 67.28 67.28 62.93 40.50 38.50 38.50 2.00 67.34 56.90 38.50 11.65 9.75 3.00 14.10
62.90 62.90 62.90 60.55 35.60 34.85 34.85 2.00 62.90 53.02 34.85 10.00 11.25 3.00 10.60
66.00 65.37 65.37 62.52 33.20 33.20 33.20 2.00 65.69 53.70 33.20 11.00 9.00 2.00 11.20
64.90 65.38 64.18 61.98 39.29 39.29 39.29 2.00 65.14 55.15 39.29 16.49 9.00 3.00 10.80
62.90 62.62 62.62 58.62 37.50 37.25 37.25 2.00 62.76 52.91 37.25 11.00 11.75 2.00 12.50
62.90 62.73 61.73 59.71 32.80 32.80 32.80 2.00 62.82 51.41 32.80 8.00 10.00 3.00 11.80
64.62 64.62 63.02 56.10 39.80 38.80 38.80 2.00 64.62 52.97 38.80 14.60 9.00 4.00 11.20
60.38 60.60 60.60 54.90 37.10 36.60 37.10 2.00 60.49 50.87 36.85 14.90 10.50 2.00 9.45
62.06 63.36 62.66 58.12 33.25 35.75 35.75 2.00 62.71 51.34 35.75 14.00 9.75 3.00 9.00
62.89 62.89 62.89 61.15 30.60 31.60 31.85 2.00 62.89 51.55 31.73 10.00 10.00 3.00 8.73
65.90 66.76 66.76 61.76 33.25 32.75 32.75 2.00 66.33 53.92 32.75 10.00 9.75 4.00 9.00
65.07 65.07 64.97 60.69 35.20 34.95 34.95 2.00 65.07 53.62 34.95 12.95 12.00 3.00 7.00
63.27 63.27 61.77 57.95 36.60 35.35 35.35 2.00 63.27 52.11 35.35 13.60 11.75 3.00 7.00
63.38 64.43 64.43 59.60 34.00 36.50 36.75 2.00 63.91 52.68 36.63 13.00 10.63 4.00 9.00
63.91 63.91 63.91 59.60 36.90 35.90 36.40 2.00 63.91 53.47 36.15 11.00 13.25 4.90 7.00
58.52 59.68 59.68 57.26 37.10 42.20 42.20 2.00 59.10 51.35 42.20 16.35 12.25 3.00 10.60
64.81 64.81 64.81 62.70 35.50 35.25 35.50 2.00 64.81 54.34 35.38 11.50 9.75 4.00 10.13
67.92 67.92 66.12 63.95 35.00 35.75 35.75 2.00 67.92 55.02 35.75 11.00 11.75 3.00 10.00
65.50 65.50 64.50 62.40 32.00 37.00 37.25 2.00 65.50 52.97 37.13 11.00 14.00 3.00 9.13
64.90 64.90 64.90 61.45 33.60 35.60 35.60 2.00 64.90 53.32 35.60 11.00 13.00 4.60 7.00
66.34 66.34 66.34 61.50 41.50 41.75 42.50 2.00 66.34 56.45 42.13 12.00 14.50 5.13 10.50
61.14 61.14 61.14 57.05 30.35 32.85 33.10 2.00 61.14 49.51 32.98 8.00 11.75 4.33 8.90
57.71 57.71 57.71 55.66 37.05 39.30 39.30 2.00 57.71 50.14 39.30 12.80 12.50 4.80 9.20
63.98 63.98 63.98 59.35 38.00 38.00 38.00 2.00 63.98 53.78 38.00 15.00 11.00 3.00 9.00
65.50 65.50 63.50 61.20 41.70 43.70 42.70 2.00 65.50 55.47 43.20 12.00 13.80 6.40 11.00
67.50 67.50 67.50 61.75 36.80 38.80 38.80 2.00 67.50 55.35 38.80 11.00 14.00 5.80 8.00
66.70 66.70 66.70 58.40 39.60 41.60 41.60 2.00 66.70 54.90 41.60 12.00 16.00 5.60 8.00
65.28 65.28 65.28 61.90 34.00 34.00 35.00 2.00 65.28 53.73 34.50 12.00 12.50 3.00 7.00
63.81 63.81 63.81 58.10 42.05 42.05 42.05 2.00 63.81 54.65 42.05 11.00 15.25 4.80 11.00
66.54 66.54 65.54 61.55 36.00 36.25 36.25 2.00 66.54 54.36 36.25 10.00 12.25 3.00 11.00
65.67 65.67 65.67 60.70 44.40 44.40 44.65 2.00 65.67 56.92 44.53 13.53 18.00 4.00 9.00
67.72 66.02 66.02 60.45 43.35 43.10 44.10 2.00 66.87 56.61 43.60 11.73 18.75 4.13 9.00
59.30 59.30 59.30 55.70 43.50 43.50 43.50 2.00 59.30 52.83 43.50 13.00 17.50 3.00 10.00
62.33 62.33 62.33 56.53 42.28 42.28 42.53 2.00 62.33 53.71 42.41 12.00 18.28 4.13 8.00
59.15 59.15 59.15 55.15 37.40 36.90 37.15 2.00 59.15 50.57 37.03 10.00 14.40 4.13 8.50
64.28 64.28 64.28 61.28 39.60 39.60 40.10 2.00 64.28 55.05 39.85 11.00 12.25 7.60 9.00
64.10 64.10 64.10 62.10 37.10 37.10 37.10 2.00 64.10 54.43 37.10 10.00 11.00 6.60 9.50
63.54 63.54 63.54 59.54 42.30 42.30 42.55 2.00 63.54 55.13 42.43 13.00 13.90 6.40 9.13
61.29 61.29 61.29 57.49 38.78 38.78 39.03 2.00 61.29 52.52 38.91 12.00 12.98 4.80 9.13
62.49 62.27 62.27 59.67 37.14 36.14 36.14 2.00 62.38 53.03 36.14 11.00 14.14 3.00 8.00
65.10 65.07 64.07 59.27 36.70 36.45 37.45 2.00 65.09 53.35 36.95 15.45 11.00 3.00 7.50
65.00 64.91 64.86 62.86 35.50 36.00 36.00 2.00 64.96 54.41 36.00 13.00 10.00 4.00 9.00
65.36 65.36 65.36 63.56 32.50 37.55 37.55 2.00 65.36 53.81 37.55 11.00 11.75 4.00 10.80
60.50 60.50 60.50 58.50 33.50 30.75 31.75 2.00 60.50 50.83 31.25 10.00 13.75 2.00 5.50
60.18 60.18 60.03 57.45 36.95 35.00 36.00 2.00 60.18 51.48 35.50 12.25 12.95 2.80 7.50
62.21 60.59 60.59 60.59 33.85 34.10 34.10 2.00 61.40 51.68 34.10 12.00 13.10 3.00 6.00
64.95 64.95 62.95 62.95 32.50 33.80 34.80 2.00 64.95 52.80 34.30 11.00 12.00 3.00 8.30
64.20 64.20 63.20 59.20 35.60 36.10 37.35 2.00 64.20 52.67 36.73 11.00 14.10 3.00 8.63
61.75 61.75 61.75 57.15 35.35 38.80 38.80 2.00 61.75 51.42 38.80 10.00 16.00 4.00 8.80
63.55 63.55 62.55 58.75 34.00 36.80 37.05 2.00 63.55 51.77 36.93 12.00 14.00 3.00 7.93
63.96 63.96 61.71 59.11 35.25 34.05 34.05 2.00 63.96 52.02 34.05 9.00 11.25 4.00 9.80
64.80 64.80 63.80 54.50 31.25 34.50 34.75 2.00 64.80 49.85 34.63 11.00 10.00 2.13 11.50
61.91 61.91 60.91 54.53 35.08 37.03 37.53 2.00 61.91 50.17 37.28 13.20 14.83 3.13 6.13
61.96 61.96 61.96 54.14 35.61 37.16 37.41 2.00 61.96 50.57 37.29 11.00 13.70 3.13 9.46
59.29 60.06 60.06 54.75 27.85 38.98 39.23 2.00 59.68 47.55 39.11 14.41 11.57 3.13 10.00
63.69 63.87 63.53 58.25 36.80 36.80 36.80 2.00 63.78 52.86 36.80 11.80 12.00 4.00 9.00
59.62 61.95 61.95 57.55 37.91 38.41 39.16 2.00 60.79 52.47 38.79 11.60 11.91 5.05 10.23
59.80 59.80 59.80 54.00 38.60 38.65 38.90 2.00 59.80 50.80 38.78 14.00 10.55 5.50 8.73
58.66 58.66 58.66 45.37 25.25 34.00 34.00 2.00 58.66 43.09 34.00 12.00 11.00 2.00 9.00
Comparison of Before and After Experimental Group – I & II
Physic Befor Psy Before Beh Before Pain Before Physic After Psy After Beh After Pain After Group bp ap
17.98 21.76 5.60 17.60 4.13 4.13 2.25 6.06 1.00 62.94 16.56
17.30 22.28 7.49 18.68 4.57 4.57 4.40 5.70 1.00 65.75 19.23
18.30 22.39 7.20 18.41 3.50 3.50 4.01 5.50 1.00 66.30 16.51
18.90 20.69 5.60 17.07 4.01 4.01 4.10 6.25 1.00 62.26 18.36
17.90 17.30 4.60 16.36 5.43 5.43 3.90 5.50 1.00 56.16 20.26
16.08 19.28 6.59 18.64 4.20 4.20 3.25 5.40 1.00 60.59 17.05
18.59 21.73 7.49 18.62 3.50 3.50 2.85 8.30 1.00 66.43 18.15
15.50 18.40 5.80 17.50 4.25 4.25 2.25 5.80 1.00 57.20 16.55
19.00 23.40 7.60 17.51 4.82 4.82 4.18 5.30 1.00 67.51 19.12
19.30 23.28 6.57 17.85 5.50 5.50 3.50 7.70 1.00 67.00 22.19
18.90 18.95 6.20 17.46 3.70 3.70 2.99 7.20 1.00 61.51 17.59
17.88 20.40 7.25 15.78 5.37 5.37 4.08 9.71 1.00 61.31 24.52
16.21 21.04 5.20 18.10 6.80 6.80 3.44 5.00 1.00 60.55 22.03
16.60 22.09 6.45 17.57 5.82 5.82 4.33 5.75 1.00 62.71 21.71
17.86 18.26 6.50 16.53 5.95 5.95 3.62 8.40 1.00 59.15 23.92
19.10 17.80 7.10 14.74 3.73 3.73 3.70 8.95 1.00 58.74 20.10
16.97 18.70 5.10 17.50 5.67 5.67 5.10 6.24 1.00 58.27 22.67
18.40 21.67 6.25 18.20 4.15 4.15 4.74 6.99 1.00 64.52 20.03
18.20 22.99 6.81 18.79 5.62 5.62 2.70 5.75 1.00 66.78 19.69
17.00 20.76 7.00 16.10 5.86 5.86 3.50 7.08 1.00 60.86 22.30
15.37 19.79 4.51 15.60 4.63 4.63 3.00 5.00 1.00 55.27 17.25
17.81 20.39 6.67 16.90 4.78 4.78 2.25 5.75 1.00 61.77 17.55
17.10 19.28 5.20 16.60 3.97 3.97 2.50 7.15 1.00 58.18 17.59
18.00 19.98 6.10 18.35 4.52 4.52 2.32 6.00 1.00 62.43 17.36
17.50 15.80 6.80 16.90 6.49 6.49 3.38 10.20 1.00 57.00 26.55
18.60 19.20 6.60 15.91 6.96 6.96 4.30 6.20 1.00 60.31 24.42
14.90 19.35 7.80 16.80 7.45 7.45 4.70 8.90 1.00 58.85 28.49
17.00 19.88 7.00 18.20 7.44 7.44 3.00 6.40 1.00 62.08 24.27
19.40 23.01 7.60 18.19 6.92 6.92 2.70 6.03 1.00 68.20 22.56
18.20 18.50 6.47 15.68 7.06 7.06 4.56 8.40 1.00 58.85 27.07
15.70 20.40 7.60 17.10 6.43 6.43 3.50 6.40 1.00 60.80 22.75
16.90 19.38 4.30 16.80 4.00 4.00 3.80 9.42 1.00 57.38 21.22
17.25 19.10 5.80 16.80 4.44 4.44 4.30 9.80 1.00 58.95 22.97
18.90 21.20 5.79 15.55 5.83 5.83 4.40 5.95 1.00 61.44 22.01
17.46 22.67 5.30 15.50 6.45 6.45 3.40 9.05 1.00 60.93 25.34
16.15 19.27 5.40 17.40 6.38 6.38 2.65 10.10 1.00 58.22 25.51
17.90 18.68 6.00 17.10 6.28 6.28 3.40 10.54 1.00 59.68 26.50
16.10 17.10 4.20 17.73 4.30 4.30 2.90 10.38 1.00 55.13 21.87
16.60 16.83 6.10 15.76 4.68 4.68 4.40 5.75 1.00 55.29 19.50
19.60 18.90 7.43 15.97 5.34 5.34 2.75 11.00 1.00 61.90 24.43
19.27 23.20 7.40 18.50 5.45 5.45 4.34 10.50 1.00 68.37 25.74
17.25 18.20 7.20 18.20 6.65 6.65 4.40 11.75 1.00 60.85 29.45
19.09 18.90 6.40 16.20 6.25 6.25 4.28 9.50 1.00 60.59 26.28
19.69 18.50 7.10 14.70 5.97 5.97 2.49 9.75 1.00 59.99 24.17
18.16 22.71 6.30 13.46 6.72 6.72 2.74 8.50 1.00 60.63 24.67
17.91 19.60 5.40 14.40 6.80 6.80 4.50 8.00 1.00 57.31 26.09
19.00 18.59 6.30 17.30 5.81 5.81 3.75 8.99 1.00 61.19 24.35
19.37 19.00 7.25 18.40 6.38 6.38 5.10 8.69 1.00 64.02 26.54
18.30 18.00 7.60 17.40 6.30 6.30 4.50 10.35 1.00 61.30 27.45
17.20 23.43 6.69 19.17 5.22 5.22 3.38 9.50 1.00 66.49 23.31
17.00 19.00 7.20 17.94 5.13 5.13 4.73 9.27 1.00 61.14 24.25
16.42 15.00 6.00 15.10 5.51 5.51 5.60 5.45 1.00 52.52 22.07
16.89 16.39 4.30 16.30 4.70 4.70 2.25 10.00 1.00 53.88 21.65
18.28 19.80 6.00 17.10 6.38 6.38 4.30 5.50 1.00 61.18 22.55
16.75 19.30 6.90 19.10 6.25 6.25 4.90 8.80 1.00 62.05 26.20
17.80 22.30 7.60 19.07 6.23 6.23 4.73 10.00 1.00 66.77 27.18
18.80 22.02 7.40 17.60 4.78 4.78 2.53 12.05 1.00 65.82 24.14
16.30 19.40 6.69 18.00 6.88 6.88 5.11 9.30 1.00 60.39 28.17
17.80 18.60 6.20 17.40 3.80 3.80 3.96 12.30 1.00 60.00 23.86
18.20 17.20 7.40 17.60 4.31 4.31 3.73 10.75 1.00 60.40 23.09
18.10 22.66 7.20 18.20 4.28 4.28 3.51 10.00 1.00 66.16 22.06
18.68 18.14 7.20 17.30 6.03 6.03 4.25 10.80 1.00 61.32 27.10
17.10 17.30 6.80 14.00 6.52 6.52 4.65 9.25 1.00 55.20 26.93
16.80 18.88 6.60 16.90 6.83 6.83 4.60 9.25 1.00 59.18 27.51
16.60 16.60 5.50 17.80 6.10 6.10 3.00 10.80 1.00 56.50 25.99
17.30 18.66 7.60 15.60 6.36 6.36 5.21 6.88 1.00 59.16 24.80
16.80 22.91 7.60 19.09 6.87 6.87 5.50 5.75 1.00 66.40 24.99
18.45 17.30 6.40 18.90 6.92 6.92 3.86 9.50 1.00 61.05 27.19
17.79 17.29 4.60 17.40 5.38 5.38 4.20 9.50 1.00 57.08 24.45
16.97 17.98 6.40 16.20 6.31 6.31 4.70 9.25 1.00 57.55 26.56
17.61 17.90 7.06 17.30 6.84 6.84 4.60 10.25 1.00 59.87 28.52
18.49 22.70 7.77 19.40 6.50 6.50 3.98 10.75 1.00 68.36 27.73
18.28 21.80 6.60 19.33 6.89 6.89 4.52 10.28 1.00 66.01 28.57
18.38 18.60 6.20 14.10 6.80 6.80 3.56 10.20 1.00 57.28 27.35
17.69 17.40 5.40 18.00 6.99 6.99 3.80 10.60 1.00 58.49 28.37
15.58 17.47 7.42 19.20 6.00 6.00 4.50 10.28 1.00 59.67 26.77
18.81 23.06 7.20 18.60 6.32 6.32 3.23 9.60 1.00 67.67 25.46
18.76 18.80 6.80 17.60 6.43 6.43 3.38 11.00 1.00 61.96 27.23
17.90 20.33 6.20 15.40 6.53 6.53 4.13 9.75 1.00 59.83 26.93
18.07 23.32 6.41 18.70 6.77 6.77 4.60 5.75 1.00 66.50 23.89
18.50 19.00 6.80 17.50 7.09 7.09 2.78 9.50 1.00 61.80 26.46
15.70 21.33 5.50 17.10 6.92 6.92 4.41 8.76 1.00 59.63 27.01
18.10 20.90 6.50 17.10 5.94 5.94 3.31 8.50 1.00 62.60 23.68
18.60 21.60 4.80 14.50 7.59 7.59 3.77 5.75 1.00 59.50 24.70
19.20 18.70 6.20 17.30 6.15 6.15 3.00 9.32 1.00 61.40 24.62
18.81 19.10 5.60 17.90 6.42 6.42 4.70 6.80 1.00 61.41 24.34
16.00 22.07 5.20 14.90 7.09 7.09 4.62 9.00 1.00 58.17 27.80
18.60 21.79 7.00 14.40 7.04 7.04 4.50 8.74 1.00 61.79 27.32
17.90 19.48 7.20 15.60 4.31 4.31 2.25 6.20 1.00 60.18 17.07
19.28 22.44 7.50 16.77 7.10 7.10 2.25 5.50 1.00 65.99 21.94
19.63 20.07 5.50 13.80 6.09 6.09 3.00 5.00 1.00 59.00 20.18
19.39 20.64 5.80 15.70 6.18 6.18 3.50 5.55 1.00 61.53 21.41
18.93 21.34 5.80 16.65 7.50 7.75 4.00 8.50 2.00 62.72 27.75
18.17 21.40 7.04 17.30 6.25 6.75 3.40 8.00 2.00 63.91 24.40
18.98 21.90 7.20 16.55 6.25 7.25 4.00 9.10 2.00 64.63 26.60
19.20 21.87 5.60 17.90 6.75 7.00 4.10 14.40 2.00 64.57 32.25
18.20 19.83 4.60 16.90 11.10 6.00 3.55 9.80 2.00 59.53 30.45
17.54 20.40 7.45 16.70 6.25 6.75 4.00 10.60 2.00 62.09 27.60
18.59 20.70 7.40 18.10 6.00 6.75 3.00 11.00 2.00 64.79 26.75
18.42 20.36 5.90 17.42 7.25 7.00 4.50 8.00 2.00 62.09 26.75
18.60 21.40 7.60 16.90 7.25 9.25 3.00 9.00 2.00 64.50 28.50
20.00 22.60 7.20 16.60 6.63 8.50 5.00 9.00 2.00 66.40 29.13
19.05 20.30 6.60 17.77 7.00 8.25 5.00 8.80 2.00 63.72 29.05
19.06 22.50 7.60 16.55 11.13 9.75 4.50 7.00 2.00 65.71 32.38
19.60 21.16 5.20 17.83 6.75 10.00 3.40 9.16 2.00 63.79 29.31
19.25 21.27 7.00 18.00 11.25 8.00 3.00 11.00 2.00 65.52 33.25
18.64 22.27 6.60 17.90 11.00 12.00 3.00 9.00 2.00 65.41 35.00
19.84 21.14 7.40 19.30 6.25 12.00 4.00 12.00 2.00 67.68 34.25
20.20 21.38 5.10 16.30 11.13 9.75 4.00 11.60 2.00 62.98 36.48
19.80 22.50 6.50 18.35 10.00 12.00 3.00 11.50 2.00 67.15 36.50
17.80 20.49 7.40 16.79 7.00 12.00 4.00 12.50 2.00 62.48 35.50
19.93 21.20 7.80 16.10 6.50 9.00 3.00 15.10 2.00 65.03 33.60
18.20 21.00 4.70 15.60 11.13 8.00 3.00 11.00 2.00 59.50 33.13
18.99 21.90 5.90 19.30 11.00 9.25 3.10 14.70 2.00 66.09 38.05
18.70 21.70 6.90 18.00 11.63 9.50 3.00 9.00 2.00 65.30 33.13
19.45 22.45 6.10 17.40 11.13 10.00 3.00 6.00 2.00 65.40 30.13
19.00 20.20 7.60 17.64 6.75 9.00 2.00 9.00 2.00 64.44 26.75
18.80 21.40 6.60 17.00 8.25 11.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 63.80 32.25
18.60 21.00 7.80 18.00 7.75 9.00 4.00 9.00 2.00 65.40 29.75
18.65 20.08 7.00 18.70 8.00 7.00 2.00 9.00 2.00 64.43 26.00
19.10 20.99 7.60 18.10 11.90 8.00 5.50 9.00 2.00 65.79 34.40
17.80 20.15 5.70 18.20 12.00 9.50 3.90 10.00 2.00 61.85 35.40
19.44 22.60 7.60 17.70 11.65 9.75 3.00 14.10 2.00 67.34 38.50
17.90 22.10 6.10 16.80 10.00 11.25 3.00 10.60 2.00 62.90 34.85
18.69 23.10 7.10 16.80 11.00 9.00 2.00 11.20 2.00 65.69 33.20
18.75 21.70 7.50 17.20 16.49 9.00 3.00 10.80 2.00 65.14 39.29
19.66 21.50 5.30 16.30 11.00 11.75 2.00 12.50 2.00 62.76 37.25
17.30 22.66 5.46 17.40 8.00 10.00 3.00 11.80 2.00 62.82 32.80
19.00 21.22 6.60 17.80 14.60 9.00 4.00 11.20 2.00 64.62 38.80
19.06 19.10 5.33 17.00 14.90 10.50 2.00 9.45 2.00 60.49 36.85
19.43 20.51 6.10 16.68 14.00 9.75 3.00 9.00 2.00 62.71 35.75
19.90 19.24 7.50 16.25 10.00 10.00 3.00 8.73 2.00 62.89 31.73
18.95 22.90 7.40 17.09 10.00 9.75 4.00 9.00 2.00 66.33 32.75
19.64 20.03 7.20 18.20 12.95 12.00 3.00 7.00 2.00 65.07 34.95
20.20 20.07 6.80 16.20 13.60 11.75 3.00 7.00 2.00 63.27 35.35
18.60 20.58 7.10 17.63 13.00 10.63 4.00 9.00 2.00 63.91 36.63
19.80 21.81 6.30 16.00 11.00 13.25 4.90 7.00 2.00 63.91 36.15
18.35 20.37 5.40 14.98 16.35 12.25 3.00 10.60 2.00 59.10 42.20
19.35 21.36 6.30 17.80 11.50 9.75 4.00 10.13 2.00 64.81 35.38
20.40 20.42 8.80 18.30 11.00 11.75 3.00 10.00 2.00 67.92 35.75
20.55 19.55 7.60 17.80 11.00 14.00 3.00 9.13 2.00 65.50 37.13
19.60 20.70 5.40 19.20 11.00 13.00 4.60 7.00 2.00 64.90 35.60
19.20 22.24 7.20 17.70 12.00 14.50 5.13 10.50 2.00 66.34 42.13
18.85 19.99 6.00 16.30 8.00 11.75 4.33 8.90 2.00 61.14 32.98
18.56 20.05 4.80 14.30 12.80 12.50 4.80 9.20 2.00 57.71 39.30
19.00 21.88 6.00 17.10 15.00 11.00 3.00 9.00 2.00 63.98 38.00
19.00 20.50 6.90 19.10 12.00 13.80 6.40 11.00 2.00 65.50 43.20
19.10 22.20 7.60 18.60 11.00 14.00 5.80 8.00 2.00 67.50 38.80
20.00 21.70 7.40 17.60 12.00 16.00 5.60 8.00 2.00 66.70 41.60
20.40 20.08 6.80 18.00 12.00 12.50 3.00 7.00 2.00 65.28 34.50
18.80 21.41 6.20 17.40 11.00 15.25 4.80 11.00 2.00 63.81 42.05
19.40 22.34 7.40 17.40 10.00 12.25 3.00 11.00 2.00 66.54 36.25
18.40 21.87 7.20 18.20 13.53 18.00 4.00 9.00 2.00 65.67 44.53
19.45 22.92 7.20 17.30 11.73 18.75 4.13 9.00 2.00 66.87 43.60
18.60 19.10 6.80 14.80 13.00 17.50 3.00 10.00 2.00 59.30 43.50
18.55 20.28 6.60 16.90 12.00 18.28 4.13 8.00 2.00 62.33 42.41
18.85 18.50 5.50 16.30 10.00 14.40 4.13 8.50 2.00 59.15 37.03
18.90 22.28 7.60 15.50 11.00 12.25 7.60 9.00 2.00 64.28 39.85
19.20 21.00 7.60 16.30 10.00 11.00 6.60 9.50 2.00 64.10 37.10
19.70 19.14 6.40 18.30 13.00 13.90 6.40 9.13 2.00 63.54 42.43
19.11 20.18 4.60 17.40 12.00 12.98 4.80 9.13 2.00 61.29 38.91
19.50 20.39 6.29 16.20 11.00 14.14 3.00 8.00 2.00 62.38 36.14
19.40 20.20 7.99 17.50 15.45 11.00 3.00 7.50 2.00 65.09 36.95
19.00 19.60 6.96 19.40 13.00 10.00 4.00 9.00 2.00 64.96 36.00
19.26 22.20 6.60 17.30 11.00 11.75 4.00 10.80 2.00 65.36 37.55
19.10 19.00 6.20 16.20 10.00 13.75 2.00 5.50 2.00 60.50 31.25
19.60 18.58 5.40 16.60 12.25 12.95 2.80 7.50 2.00 60.18 35.50
18.16 18.75 6.00 18.49 12.00 13.10 3.00 6.00 2.00 61.40 34.10
18.57 20.58 7.20 18.60 11.00 12.00 3.00 8.30 2.00 64.95 34.30
19.60 20.20 6.80 17.60 11.00 14.10 3.00 8.63 2.00 64.20 36.73
19.50 21.40 6.20 14.65 10.00 16.00 4.00 8.80 2.00 61.75 38.80
19.50 20.15 6.00 17.90 12.00 14.00 3.00 7.93 2.00 63.55 36.93
19.36 20.30 6.80 17.50 9.00 11.25 4.00 9.80 2.00 63.96 34.05
20.20 22.00 5.50 17.10 11.00 10.00 2.13 11.50 2.00 64.80 34.63
18.90 18.95 6.60 17.46 13.20 14.83 3.13 6.13 2.00 61.91 37.28
17.88 20.40 7.60 16.08 11.00 13.70 3.13 9.46 2.00 61.96 37.29
16.21 19.89 5.20 18.38 14.41 11.57 3.13 10.00 2.00 59.68 39.11
16.60 22.09 7.09 18.00 11.80 12.00 4.00 9.00 2.00 63.78 36.80
17.86 18.83 6.60 17.50 11.60 11.91 5.05 10.23 2.00 60.79 38.79
19.10 17.80 7.40 15.50 14.00 10.55 5.50 8.73 2.00 59.80 38.78
16.97 18.70 5.10 17.89 12.00 11.00 2.00 9.00 2.00 58.66 34.00
ANNEXURE-20
PHOTOGRAPHS DURING RELAXATION TECHNIQUE
ANNEXURE - 21
PHOTOGRAPHS DURING AEROBIC EXERCISES

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EFFECTIVENESS OF RELAXATION TECHNIQUE VS

AEROBIC EXERCISES ON THE PREMENSTRUAL

Mrs. Annapoorani. B. M.Sc (N)

THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

Under the Guidance of

Dr. LATHA VENKATESAN M.Sc (N), M.Phil., PhD (N), M.B.A.,

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Dr. LATHA VENKATESAN, M.Sc(N)., M.Phil., Ph.D., M.B.A.,

I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

I wish to express my thanks to Apollo college of Nursing, Vanagaram for

It is a honour for me to express my sincere gratitude Dr.V.Geethalakshmi,

My Earnest thanks to the Screening Committee members, for acceptance of

Dr. Latha Venkatesan, Principal and Research Guide, Apollo College of

Mr. Sampath,statistician and Mrs. Suja Santhosh professor of biostatistics,

Mrs.Sara Samuel, principal, R.V.S College of Nursing, for her continuos

I take this opportunity to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the college students

I owe thanks to a very special person, my husband, Mr.D.Vijayakumar for

An Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Relaxation Technique

Objectives of the Study

1. To assess the premenstrual symptoms before the intervention in the

2. To assess the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the

3. To compare the effectiveness of relaxation technique Vs aerobic exercises

6. To correlate the premenstrual symptoms and selected demographic variables

7. To assess the level of satisfaction of the college students in the experimental

The Major Findings of the Study

 In the experimental group II there was a correlation between the demographic

 The study can be replicated in other settings.

 The impact of Aerobic Exercises can be measured in terms of serum hormonal

 The impact of Relaxation technique can be analyzed on each domains.

 A Comparative study can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various

 Correlational study can be done longitudinally to evaluate the impact of junk

Introduction of the study 1

Need for the study 7

Conceptual Framework of the study 15

II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Prevalence of premenstrual symptoms 19

Effect of Relaxation technique 31

Effect of Aerobic exercises 35

Other interventions for premenstrual symptoms 40

Sample and Sample size 46

Sampling techniques and Criteria for selection of sample 46-47

Content validity and Reliability 49

Protection of Human rights 50

IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 55 - 106

V DISCUSSION 107 - 116

SUMMARY,CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND

BIBLIOGRAPHY 130 – 145

26 Level of Satisfaction of College Students in Experimental 103

1 Theoretical Model Based on King’s Goal Attainment Theory 17

2 Schematic Representation of the Research Methodology 51

3 Percentage Distribution of Experimental Group I and II 59

4 Percentage Distribution of Experimental Group I and II 62

5 Percentage Distribution of Experimental Group I and II 63

6 Correlation between the Premenstrual Symptom Score after the 99

7 Correlation between PMS with BMI after the Intervention in 100

8 Correlation between the Premenstrual Symptom Score and 102

PMS Premenstrual symptoms.