7

SCIENCE
Third Quarter – Module 3
Waves: Carriers of Energy

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Third Quarter – Module 3: Waves: Carriers of Energy
Second Edition, 2021
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Published by the Department of Education

Regional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Assistant Regional Director: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Ron Chiryl P. Sejalbo Nobhe Grace G. Pino
Reviewers: Mitzie Marish L. Bocayong Gloria V. Salvacion
Michael O. Sabayton Norlyn Q. Lobido
Evaluators: Marecel B. Compania Rolando T. Luna
Emmie J. Prince Carmen S. Madrio
Ivan M. Guillena Marisol P. Moreno
Rizza Mae L. Serino Janeth D. Arabes
Michelle S. Balat
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Spark Erl E. Balicog Nobhe Grace G. Pino
Remegio C. Adlaon Jr.

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Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V
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 7
Science
Third Quarter – Module 3
Waves: Carriers of Energy

This instructional material was collaboratively developed

and reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
- Region 10 at [email protected].

Your feedback and recommendations are highly valued.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Introductory Message
For the Learner
Welcome to the Science 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Waves: Carriers of Energy!

Have you ever wondered how waves behave? This module will help you
understand the characteristics of a wave and properties of sound wave that can
be transmitted through energy. It will also give us thoughts on its special role in
the physical world. Come and join us as we unfold the mysteries of waves as
energy carriers.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will enable to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This gives you an idea of the skills you are
expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already knew about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief review to help you connect the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson is introduced

to you in many ways in a form of story, song,
poem, problem opener, activity or situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

iv
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends the retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use your Science activity notebook in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do

not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can
do it!

v
 Table of Contents

What I Need to Know ------------- 1

What I Know ------------- 2

Lesson 1 – Characteristics of a Wave ------------- 4

What’s In - Activity 1: Arrange Me ------------- 4
What’s New - Activity 2: Crossword Puzzle - - - - - - - - - - - 5
What is It - Describing Waves ------------- 6
What’s More - Activity 3: Fill Me ------------- 9

Lesson 2 – Sound Waves ------------- 10

What’s In - Activity 1: Match Me ------------- 10
What’s New - Activity 2: Complete Me ------------- 11
What is It - Properties of Sound ------------- 11
What’s More - Activity 3: Hear Me! ------------- 14

What I Have Learned ------------- 15

What I Can Do ------------- 16
Assessment ------------- 17
Additional Activities ------------- 19
Answer Key ------------- 19
References ------------- 21

v
 What I Need to Know

Individuals love to go to the seashore particularly during summer. Seeing

waves in the seashore, listening to the music, and feeling the sun's rays appear
to be unwinding.

When you throw a stone into a lake, water waves spread out from the
splash. When you strum the strings of a guitar, sound waves carry the noise all
around you. When you switch on a lamp, light waves spread all over the room.
Water, sound, and light waves differ in some ways but they all share the basic
characteristics of a wave motion.

This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the characteristics of waves. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course.

After going through this Self-Learning Module, you should be able to:
infer that waves carry energy (S7LT-IIIc-4); and
describe the characteristics of sound using the concepts of wavelength,
velocity, and amplitude (S7LT-IIId-7).

This module consists of two (2) lessons:

Lesson 1 - Characteristics of a Wave
Lesson 2 - Properties of Sound

In going through the module, you have to extend your patience in

understanding and analyzing what you are reading. Follow the directions and/or
instructions in the activities. Answer the entire given tests and activities
carefully. Comply with the activities provided.

1
 What I Know

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer. In your answer sheet, write the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. It is a kind of disturbance that transmits energy through a medium.

A. Force C. Mechanical wave
B. Electricity D. Electromagnetic wave

2. In what way do mechanical waves transport energy from one place to

another?
A. Particles traveling in a vacuum
B. Vibrating and traveling particles
C. Particles traveling with the wave
D. Alternately vibrating particles of the medium

3. What is the amplitude of the wave in the diagram below?

0.080 m

0.060 m

A. 0.03 m C. 0.05 m
B. 0.04 m D. 0.06 m

For items 4-5, consider the diagram below.

4. What letter in the diagram shows the wavelength of a wave?

A. A C. C
B. B D. D
5. What letter in the diagram shows the amplitude of a wave?
A. A C. C
B. B D. D

2
6. What type of mechanical wave is created through areas of compression and
rarefaction?
A. Light B. Electromagnetic C. Longitudinal D. Transverse

7. It refers to the number of cycles occurring per unit time.

A. Amplitude B. Frequency C. Period D. Wavelength

8. What do you call the highest point of a wave?

A. Crest B. Periods C. Time D. Trough

9. It refers to the highness or lowness of sound.

A. Loudness B. Noise C. Pitch D. Timbre

10. It is a quality of a musical sound which is used for differentiating two sounds
with the same frequency.
A. Loudness B. Noise C. Pitch D. Timbre

11. What type of wave moves the particles parallel to the motion of the wave?
A. Electromagnetic B. Longitudinal C. Transverse D. Water

12. What do you call the part of a longitudinal wave where particles are spread
out?
A. Amplitude B. Crest C. Compression D. Rarefaction

13. Which statement is true about pitch?

A. Pitch is directly proportional to intensity.
B. Pitch is inversely proportional to intensity.
C. Pitch is directly proportional to frequency.
D. Pitch is inversely proportional to frequency.

14. How does the individual particle of the medium in a transverse wave move?
A. In circles
B. In ellipses
C. Parallel to the direction of travel
D. Perpendicular to the direction of travel

15. It is an instrument that measures sound intensity.

A. Microscope C. Telescope
B. Oscilloscope D. Stethoscope

3
 Lesson
Characteristics of a Wave
1

What’s In

Activity 1: Arrange Me!

Directions: Arrange the following jumbled letters to form a word about motion
using the descriptions as clues. Write your answers in your Science activity
notebook.

JUMBLED LETTERS DESCRIPTIONS

1. ECSINATD Refers to the length of the entire path that the

object travelled

2. DESEP
Refers to the distance over time of a moving object

3. LYVOTICE
Refers to the rate of change in displacement

4. NAOTECECLRAI Refers to the rate of change in speed or velocity of

an object

5. MIDCETALPENS Refers to the distance from the initial to the final

point of an object

4
 What’s New

Activity 2: Crossword Puzzle!

Directions: Complete the crossword puzzle by filling in the correct word

based on the CLUES given. Write your answers in your Science activity
notebook.

Down Across
1. It is the number of waves 3. It is the distance from a crest to
produced per second. the next crest.
2. It refers to the distance travelled 5. It is the height of a wave.
per unit time.
4. It refers to how long it takes for
a wave to travel a distance equal
to a wavelength.

5
 What is It

What is a wave?

A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to

another. Some examples of waves include water waves, sound waves, and
radio waves. A medium is a matter in which waves can travel and transfer
energy. Waves that require a medium such as water waves, sound waves, and
waves along a coiled spring (slinky toy) are called mechanical waves while
waves that do not require a medium to travel are called electromagnetic
waves.

Types of Mechanical Wave

1. Transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move

perpendicular to the direction of the motion of the waves.

2. Longitudinal wave is a wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate

parallel to the direction of the motion of the waves.

Parts of a Wave

Consider the diagram below.

Figure 1. Transverse Wave

The broken line which is drawn through the center of the diagram
represents the rest position. This is the position that the string would assume
when there is no disturbance moving through it. The crest is the highest point
of a wave. Points A, E, and H represent the crests of the wave. The trough is
the lowest point of a wave. Points C, F, and J represent the troughs of the wave.

6
 In a longitudinal wave, compression is a point where the coils are
close together or has the maximum density. A rarefaction is a point in the
spring where the coils are spread out or has minimum density. Consider the
diagram below.

compressions

rarefactions

Figure 2. Longitudinal Wave Source: Science 7 Learners Material

Characteristics of a Wave

Figure 3. Parts of a Wave Source: Science 7 Learners Material

1. Wavelength (λ) - is the length of one complete wave that can be

measured as the distance from a crest to the next crest or from a trough
to the next trough.
2. Amplitude (A) - refers to the maximum height of a particle on the
medium from its rest position. It is the distance from the rest position to
crest (or trough).
3. Period (T) - is the time to make one complete cycle. It is the reciprocal
of frequency. It is measured in second (s). A formula is provided below:

Period = 1 / frequency

1
𝑇=𝑓

7
4. Frequency (𝑓) - refers to the number of crests or waves that pass a
fixed point per second. It is measured in Hertz (Hz), named after German
Physicist Heinrich Hertz. One Hertz is equal to one wave per second
(1/s). The formula is given below:

Frequency = 1 / period

1
𝑓= T

5. Wave speed (𝑣) - is equal to the wavelength multiplied by its frequency.

The SI unit for wave speed is meter per second (m/s). The formula is
given below:

Wave speed = wavelength x frequency

𝑣 = λ𝑓

8
 What’s More

Activity 3: Fill Me!

Directions: Fill in the blanks below using the words inside the box. Write your
answers in your Science activity notebook.

amplitude frequency period crest

wavelength Hertz rarefaction transverse
compression longitudinal mechanical electromagnetic

1. Wave motion that is parallel to the wave direction is described as

_____________ wave.
2. The time to make one complete cycle is _____________.
3. The distance between successive crests of a wave is __________.
4. Wave motion that is perpendicular to wave direction describes a
_____________ wave.
5. The number of waves that passes a given point in time is _____________.
6. ____________ is a kind of wave that does not need a medium.
7. The highest point of a wave is called ___________.
8. The unit for frequency is ____________.
9. The part of a longitudinal wave where there are fewer particles is called
______________.
10. A region in a medium of longitudinal wave where molecules are packed is
called _____________.

9
 Lesson

Sound Waves
2
What’s In

Activity 1: Match Me!

Directions: Match the definitions in Column A to the terms related to sound

waves in Column B. Write the letter of your answer in your Science activity
notebook.

Column A Column B
1. Lowest point of the wave A. Crest
2. Highest point of the wave B. Trough
3. Distance between two consecutive crests C. Amplitude
4. Signifies the original position of the medium D. Frequency
5. Distance from the line of origin to a crest E. Wavelength
or trough of a wave F. Line of Origin

10
 What’s New

Activity 2: Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the statements by choosing the correct answer from the
word box provided. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.

Word Box
pitch infrasonic ultrasonic
decibel loudness intensity

1. _____is known as the highness or lowness of sound.

2. Vibrational frequencies beyond 20 000 Hz is called _______ frequencies.
3. Extremely low frequencies are known as _________ frequencies.
4. The amplitude of a sound wave determines its ______ or volume.
5. The unit of intensity level for sound is the __________ which is named after
Alexander Graham Bell.

What is It

Properties of Sound

Sound is a form of energy produced by vibrating objects. These

vibrations create sound waves which move through a medium before reaching
our ears. Since it is a wave, we can relate its properties to the characteristics
of sound wave. The basic properties of sound include pitch, loudness, and
timbre (tone).

11
Pitch

The highness or lowness of sound is known as the pitch or a musical

note. A higher frequency sound has a higher pitch, and a lower frequency sound
has a lower pitch. The figure below shows that a high frequency wave has a lot
of vibrations per second, and a low frequency wave has few vibrations per
second.

Figure 4. Pitch of a Sound

The human ear can only sense within the frequency range of 20 Hertz
(Hz) to 20,000 Hertz. Vibrational frequencies beyond 20,000 Hz is called
ultrasonic frequencies while extremely low frequencies are known as
infrasonic frequencies. On the other hand, animals like dogs can hear sounds
as high as 50,000 Hz while bats can detect as high as 100,000 Hz.

Loudness

The amplitude of a sound wave determines its loudness or volume. The

figure below shows that a high amplitude sound means louder sound, and a
low amplitude sound means softer sound. The vibration of the source sets the
amplitude of a wave. More energetic vibration corresponds to larger amplitude.

Figure 5. Loudness of a Sound

Loudness is also determined by the sensitivity of ear. It is subjective but

is still related to the intensity of sound. In fact, despite the subjective variations,
loudness varies nearly with intensity. Intensity is one indicator of amplitude. It

12
refers to the amount of energy. Table 1 shows varying intensity of sound. Sound
intensity is measured by various instruments like the oscilloscope.

Table 1. Sound Levels of Different Sound Sources

The unit of intensity level for sound is the decibel (dB), which was named
after Alexander Graham Bell who invented the telephone. On the decibel scale,
an increase of 1 dB means that sound intensity is increased by a factor of 10.
A logarithmic scale is used to describe sound intensity, which roughly
corresponds to loudness.

Timbre

Timbre is a quality of a musical sound which is used for differentiating

two sounds with the same frequency. Every sound that we hear is dependent
on its source. Sound timbre is defined by the characteristic sound waveform
which is dependent on the material through which it is produced.
Below is a picture that explains the different types of waveforms and
gives an idea of how timbre appears.

Figure 6. Sound Timbre of Different Sources

13
 Any sound consists of more than one frequency and most of these
additional frequencies are known as harmonics. For sound to possess timbre,
it must have one fundamental frequency and seven or more additional
harmonics. The following are the characteristics of timbre: dull, cold, rich,
delicate, thick, thin, heavy, clean, nasal and light. Noise is a sound wave that is
distorted and not pleasing to the senses.

What’s More

Activity 3: Hear Me!

Directions: Make a sounding box using the materials listed below by following
the given procedures.

Materials
 Rubber bands , Shoe box (or any box) without cover, Sticks
Procedure
1. Copy Table 2 in your Science activity notebook.
2. Place the assorted rubber bands from 3 rubber
bands Thinnest/
1 rubber
thinnest to thickest. In the absence of
varied thickness of rubber bands, you may
Thickest/
use identical bands but vary by increasing Thickest/
4 rubber
4 rubber bands 2 rubber
bands
the number of the four rubber bands
around the box as shown in figure 7. Figure 7. Sounding box

3. Pluck or abruptly pull and release each rubber band and listen to the sound
it produces.
4. Describe the sound produced and record your findings on Table 2.
Table 2. Description of Sound Produced

Number of Description of Sound Produced

Rubber Bands (high, low)
Without stick With stick
1
2
3
4

14
5. Place the bamboo or wood stick across the Stick

box (on its edge) to form a bridge as shown in

Figure 8.
Figure 8. Sounding
Box with Stick

6. Pluck or abruptly pull and release each rubber band again. Is the sound
produced still the same?
7. Record your observations in table 2 and compare the sound it produces.

Questions:

1. Does increasing the number of rubber band affect the pitch produced in the
sounding box? How?
2. Compare the sound produced using 4 rubber bands with and without the
bridge/stick in place. What change does the stick make on the sound
produced?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A with the terms in Column B.

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answers in your Science activity
notebook.
Column A Column B
_____ 1. The distance of a crest or trough A. Amplitude
from the midpoint of a wave
_____ 2. The distance from a crest to the next B. Frequency
crest or a trough to the next trough
_____ 3. The number of waves or vibrations C. Period
produced per second
_____ 4. The time it takes a wave to travel D. Trough
a distance equal to a wavelength
_____ 5. The distance traveled by a wave E. Wave Speed
crest in one period
F. Wavelength

15
 What I Can Do

Directions: Perform the activity below and write your observations in your
Science activity notebook.

What to Do:
1. Feel the vibration in your throat using your palm while saying your
name in 4 different ways: whispering, humming, talking and shouting.
2. Describe the strength of the vibrations (WEAK, MEDIUM, STRONG)
you felt when you produce the sound.
3. Copy and complete the table based on your observations.

Observations Modes of Producing the Sound

Whisper Hum Talk Shout
Strength of the
Vibrations

4. Answer the question below:

How does the vibration change as volume of the sound changes?
____________________________________________________

16
 Assessment

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer. In your answer sheet, write the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. What does a wave carry?

A. Energy B. Matter C. Molecule D. Particle

For items 2-3, consider the diagram below:

2. Which letter represents the amplitude of a wave?

A. A B. B C. C D. D

3. Which letter represents the wavelength?

A. A B. B C. C D. D

4. On the decibel scale, an increase of 1 dB means that sound intensity is

increased by a factor of ________.
A. 10 B. 20 C. 100 D. 200

5. It is a wave which is distorted or unpleasant sound to the senses.

A. Loudness B. Noise C. Pitch D. Timbre

6. A low frequency sound has a _______ pitch.

A. low B. high C. moderate D. strong

7. It is an extremely low vibrational frequency.

A. Infrasonic frequency C. Supersonic frequency
B. Megasonic frequency D. Ultrasonic frequency

17
8. In what way do mechanical waves transport energy from one place to
another?
A. Particles travelling in a vacuum
B. Vibrating and traveling particles
C. Particles traveling with the wave
D. Alternately vibrating particles of the medium

9. What is the SI unit of frequency?

A. Hertz C. Meter per second
B. Meter D. Second

10. Which of the following is the symbol used for wavelength?

A. ᶿ B. v C. f D. λ

11. What is the lowest point of a transverse wave?

A. Compression C. Rarefaction
B. Crest D. Trough

12. It refers to the distance in which the wave travels per unit time.
A. Amplitude C. Wavelength
B. Frequency D. Wave speed

13. It refers to the highness or lowness of sound.

A. Loudness C. Pitch
B. Noise D. Timbre

14. It refers to the number of cycles occurring per unit time.

A. Amplitude C. Period
B. Frequency D. Wavelength

15. It is a vibrational frequency beyond 20 000 Hz.

A. Infrasonic frequency C. Supersonic frequency
B. Megasonic frequency D. Ultrasonic frequency

18
 Additional Activities

Directions: Based on the description below, enumerate five ways in taking

care of your ears. Write the answers in your Science activity notebook.

Your ears do a lot for you from receiving to distinguishing different

sounds and appreciating music. They contain the smallest bones
(hammer, anvil, and stirrup) in your body and yet are responsible
for listening and understanding communication. You need to clean
and safeguard your ears in order to hear efficiently.

Five Ways in Taking Care of My Ears:

1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________

Congratulations! You have completed Module 4.

Answer Key 10. compression

9. C 9. rarefaction
8. A 8. Hertz
7. B 7. crest
15. B 6. C 6. electromagnetic
14. D 5. D 5. frequency
5. displacement
4. acceleration 13. C 4. A 4. transverse
3. velocity 12. D 3. A 3. wavelength
2. speed 11. B 2. B 2. period
1. distance 10. D 1. C 1. longitudinal
What’s In Know What’s More
Lesson 1 What I Lesson 1

19
 20
What I Have
Answers may vary.
Learned
1. A
2. F
3. B
What I Can Do 4. C
5. E
Lesson 2
What’s More
Lesson 2 Lesson 2
Table
What’s New What’s In
Answers may vary based
1. Pitch 1. B
on actual observations
2. ultrasonic 2. A
Q1.Answers may vary 3. infrasonic 3. E
Q2. Answers may vary
4. loudness 4. F
5. decibel 5. C
Assessment
1. A 11. D
2. B 12. D Lesson 1
3. D 13. C
What’s New
4. A 14. B
5. B 15. D
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. D
 References

Books

Asuncion Alvie J., et al. 2017. Science 7 Learners Material. Pasig City: Department
of Education.
Evangelista, Eden V., et al. 2013. Science in Today's World. Quezon City: SIBS
Publishing House, Inc.
Felicerta, Corazon N., et al. 2013. Breaking Through Science 7. Quezon City: C & E
Publishing, Inc.
Project Ease- Physics, Module 16: Sound- Its Origin and Properties. Department of
Education
Padua, Alicia L., and Ricardo M. Crisostomo. Science and Technology Series:
Practical and Exploration Physics Modular Approach. Vibal Publishing House,
Inc., Metro Manila, 2003.

Internet Sources

BYJU’S The Learning App. Accessed June 4, 2020

https://byjus.com/physics/timbre/
Course Hero. Accessed June 5, 2020
https://www.coursehero.com/file/28791341/Waves-Intro-PRACTICEdocx/
Physics Classroom. Accessed June 5, 2020.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-2/The-Anatomy-of-a-
Wave.
Physics Classroom. Accessed June 4, 2020.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-1/Categories-of-
Waves.
Quizizz. Accessed June 23, 2020.
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5c3cf8f52579f6001ad6b715/waves-types-
parts.
Study Physics. Accessed June 23, 2020.
http://www.studyphysics.ca/newnotes/20/unit03_mechanicalwaves/chp14151
6_waves/lesson44.htm.
“Properties of Sound Wave”. Accessed June 16, 2020. https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-
12-physical- science-for-middle-school/section/20.1/.
“Science of Sound”. Young scientist lab. Accessed June 16, 2020
https://www.youngscientistlab.com/sites/default/files/lesson_plans/3_5_Every
dayScienceofSound.pdf.
“Learning Module Science 7”. Accessed June 16, 2020
https://www.slideshare.net/nairamode/g7-science-student-modules-3rd-4th-
qrtr.
“Sound Properties”. Accessed June 17,2020
https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_energy2_lesson05_acti
vity1.

21
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region 10

Zone 1, DepEd Building Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang

Cagayan de Oro City, 9000
Telefax : (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address : [email protected]