LAB - Practicals Reviewer Prelims
LAB - Practicals Reviewer Prelims
stage
Trichuris trichiura Whipworm Trichuriasis Embryonated Ingesting eggs Principal host: man, but has been found in hogs, DFS Mebendazole Sanitary
Trichocephal Trichucephaliasis ova monkeys, cattle, dogs, mice KTS (500mg) disposal of
us trichiurus Whipworm infection Main habitat: cecum & appendix Concentration Albendazole (400 mg) feces
Trichocephal Slight infection Life span: 5-10 years techniques Oxantel-pyrantel Thorough
us dispar (asymptomatic) washing of
Heavy infection Adult hands
(surface of flesh – colored Thorough
Barrel/football- colon matted anterior three-fifths is attenuated (whiplike) washing and
shaped with worms) stichosoma type of esophagus cooking of food
Japanese lantern a) male Avoid using
3 layers: - 30-45 mm human feces as
- posterior portion: coiled (360°) fertilizer
Undeveloped,
unicellular embryo - lanceolate spicule protruding through a refractile
Outermost layer – pineal sheath
smooth, bile- b) female:
stained - 35-50 mm
- bluntly rounded posterior end
Hyaline/Mucus
- 3,000-10,000 eggs per day
plug
Capillaria Pudoc worm Capillariasis or Mystery 3rd stage larva Eating infected Intermediate host: glassfish, “bagsit”, “bagsang”, DFS Albendazole Thorough
philippinensis Disease fish “ipon” Concentration - drug of choice cooking of fish
DH: Man and birds techniques - 400 mg/day for 10 days
Predominant Main Habitat: Large & small intestine - destroys larvae readily
symptoms: Distribution: Philippines & Thailand Mebendazole
Borborygmi FEMALE - 200mg twice a day for 20
Color: Pale yellow Abdominal pain Size: 2.4 – 4.3 mm days or 400 mg/day for 20
Size: 42x20 µ Diarrhea (chronic) Divisions: days
Similar to that of T. Untreated: Anterior – esophagus and esophageal glands Electrolyte
trichiura Weight loss Posterior – intestine and reproductive organs replacement therapy
Smaller & more Malaise ❖ Atypical female & high protein diet
striated shells - uterus lined with 2-3 rows of eggs
Vomiting
Flattened plugs - Larviparous
Dehydration
Peanut shape - causes internal auto-reinfection
Anorexia
Pneumonia ❖ Typical female
- uterus lined with 1 row of egg
Heart failure
- oviparous
Cerebral edema
MALE
Size: 2.3 – 3.17mm
Death: 2 – 8 weeks after Caudal alae; long, non-spiny sheath
these are seen
Enterobius vermicularis Pin worm Enterobiasis Embryonated By anus to Main habitat: cecum and appendix Graham Scotch N/A Extremely difficult
Seat worm Oxyuriasis egg mouth via Definitive host: man Tape Technique once infection sets
Oxyuris contaminat Reservoir host: dogs and cats / Cellulose in the household
vermicularis Pathology & ed fingers Acetate
Symptomatology: and fomites ADULT Technique Home and
Some are asymptomatic; Through Small, spindle-shaped, relatively stout with NIH Swab community
Double lined
rarely causes serious contaminat dorsoventral bladder-like expansions of cuticle Technique sanitation
chorionic shell
lesions ed food and called the “cephalic alae”/”lateral wings” Schuffner and Better personal
Transparent and
drinks Have an oral end and three lips, hour glass- Swelling Rebel hygiene;
colorless
especially if shaped esophagus Method fingernails
Elongated and Other symptoms:
the food should be cut
ovoidal with one Nocturnal perianal
handler is short
side flattened itching a) MALE: 2-5 mm long, strongly curved pointed tail
the carrier
With inner Vulva irritation; which is used for copulation, spicule is conspicuous Use showers
Via b) FEMALE: 8-13 mm in length by 0.4 mm; posterior rather than bath
embryonated layer vulvovaginitis,
inhalation- end is sharply pointed; vulva found in the middle tubs
and outer salpingitis
viable ova third; paired genital organs
albuminous shell Cardinal feature: Infected
can float in
Embryonated hypersensitivity persons should
the air
when laid at the Mild nausea or sleep alone
Retro
perianal area vomiting infection:
Remain viable up Loss of sleep, gravid
to 13 days, rarely irritability female after
seen in the stool Slight irritation to laying their
intestinal mucosa eggs in the
perianal
area goes
back
through the
anus to the
large
intestine.
The larvae
upon
hatching
migrate
back to the
large
intestine
Strongyloides stercoralis Ova: Threadworm Cochin-china Filariform Skin penetration Definitive host: man DFS Thiabendazole same as
Ovoidal thin diarrhea larvae Habitat: Upper small intestines (duodenum) stool culture – ovicidal & larvicidal hookworms
Filariform shelled, Strongyloidiasis Autoinfection 2 species: S. stercoralis, S. fuellerborni (Harada mori Albendazole
transparent, Strongyloidosis ADULT filter paper – 400 mg/day for 3
resembles a well – developed buccal capsule technique) days
Chinese lantern Pathology & no teeth, no cutting plates
Not found in feces Symptoms: but bears a crown of chitinous, leaf-like Rhabditiform larvae ❖ Strongyloidiasis is
except in diarrhea 1. Skin: allergic, raised processes in feces: difficult to treat
and hyperistalsis red blotches at the site of 2 PHASES of development Enterotest ❖ Internal infection can
Contains a fully larval penetration 1. Parasitic Baermann continue for years
developed embryo 2. Migration of larvae: inhabits the intestine of host ELISA because of autoinfection
Rhabditiform larvae: bronchial verminous female is a delicate filiform worm
Flask-shaped & pneumonia L: 2.2 mm
stout esophagus 3. Intestine: abdominal esophagus: occupies 1/3 of the anterior part
Short buccal cavity pain, diarrhea and (longer)
Conspicuous constipation, vomiting, Parthenogenetic
genital primordium weight loss, variable 2. Free-living
Filariform larvae: anemia, eosinophilia, Exists in the environment
Non-feeding stage protein losing buccal cavity: slightly larger that that of the
with a long and enteropathy parasitic male worm
delicate adult female: shorter, smaller, shorter esophagus
esophagus Asymptomatic in light
Forked or notched infection
tail
4. Death in immuno-
compromised patients
due to heavy
autoinfection or larval
migration throughout the
body
Hookworm filariform
Rhabditiform
Ascaris lumbricoides Giant Intestinal Ascariasis, Dooryard or Embryonated Ingestion of Definitive host: man (no intermediate host needed) DFS Mebendazole Sanitary
roundworm Backyard Infection ova embryonated Main habitat: Lumen of the small intestine KTS (500mg) disposal of
eggs Life span: 12-17 months Concentration Pyrantel pamoate (10 human excreta
PATHOLOGY Techniques mg/kg (maximum of 1 Personal
a) Due to larval Adult: white, creamy or pinkish yellow when freshly ELISA g)) hygiene
migration: expelled and resembles earthworm (lumbricus) Albendazole (400 mg) Avoid the use
Ascaris pneumonitis: - Head is provided with three conspicuous lips Stool examination of night soil
Damage to the which are finely denticulated; each lip has may give negative fertilizer
TYPES OF EGGS pulmonary tissue minute twinned sensory papillae. results due to the Thorough
a) Unfertilized: longer (petechial hemorrhage) following: cooking of food
and narrower when larvae break out of a) Male particularly
the lung capillaries into vegetables and
10-31 cm During the early
the air sacs washing of
2 layers of the egg Symptoms manifested: Usually shorter and slender stage of fruits
shell: Asthmatic type of Ventrically curved posterior end with 2 infection (worms Washing
Albuminoid layer respiration spicules are still solution:
(absent in old Cough Genitalia: composed of a single, long immature) aqueous iodine
specimens) Bronchial rales tortuous tubule During larval solution (200
Chorionic layer or (abnormal b) Female migration parts/million)
true shell respiratory sound) 35 cm long x 3-6 mm through the - Kills
- filled with Urticarial rash Straight posterior end blood stream infective
amorphous (hives, vascular Paired reproductive organs located in the When only male egg and
mass reaction of the upper 2/3 of the body worms are larva in 15
- lack the dermis; eosinophilia Oviparous present in the minutes
cresentric in the Circulatory Gravid uterus: 200,000 eggs intestines
clear area blood)
b) Fertilized: broadly
avoidal and thick b) Due to adult worms:
Diarrhea
3 layers: Vague abdominal
- Chorionic/true pain
shell: Nausea and loss of
chitinous appetite
layer;
secretory Due to its erratic
product of the behavior:
egg Vomiting
- Vitelline layer: Suffocation
fertilization Intestinal obstruction
membrane; appendicitis
highly Acute pancreatitis
impermeable
Peritonitis
membrane
(perforation of the
that protects
bowel)
the inner
embryo
- Protein
coat/Albumino
us layer:
outermost
mamillated
layer with a
tanning action
➢ Embryonated:
same as fertilized but
contains the larva of
the embryo
➢ Decorticated: lacks
the albuminous
mamillated shell;
usually seen in old
specimens; it may be
fertilized or unfertilized