The 8 Parts of Speech PDF

The 8 Parts of Speech: Examples
and Rules
Every word is a part of speech. The term “part of speech” refers to the
role a word plays in a sentence. And like any workplace or TV show with
an ensemble cast, these roles were designed to work together.
Read on to learn about the different parts of speech that the words we
use every day fall into, and how we use them together to communicate
ideas clearly.
The 8 parts of speech
1. Nouns
A noun is a word that names person, place, concept, or object.

Basically, anything that names a “thing” is a noun, whether you’re talking
about a basketball court, San Francisco, Cleopatra, or self-preservation.
Nouns fall into two categories: common nouns and proper

nouns. Common nouns are general names for things,
like planet and game show. Proper nouns are specific names for
individual things, like Jupiter and Jeopardy!
>>Read more about nouns
2. Pronouns
Pronouns are the words you substitute for specific nouns when the reader
or listener knows which specific noun you’re referring to.
You might say “Jennifer was supposed to be here at eight,” then follow it
with “she’s always late; next time I’ll tell her to be here a half-hour
earlier.”
Instead of saying Jennifer’s name three times in a row, you

substituted she and her and your sentences remained grammatically
correct. Pronouns are divided into a range of categories, and we cover
them all in our guide to pronouns:
>>Read more about pronouns
3. Adjectives
Adjectives are the words that describe nouns. Think about your favorite
movie. How would you describe it to a friend who’s never seen it?
You might say the movie was funny, engaging, well-written,

or suspenseful. When you’re describing the movie with these words,
you’re using adjectives. An adjective can go right before the noun it’s
describing (I have a black dog), but it doesn’t have to. Sometimes,
adjectives are at the end of a sentence (my dog is black).
>>Read more about adjectives
4. Verbs
Go! Be amazing! Run as fast as you can! Win the

race! Congratulate every participant who put in the work and competed!
These bolded words are verbs. Verbs are words that describe specific
actions, like running, winning, and being amazing.
Not all verbs refer to literal actions, though. Verbs that refer to feelings or
states of being, like to love and to be, are known as nonaction verbs.
Conversely, the verbs that do refer to literal actions are known as action
verbs.
>>Read more about verbs

5. Adverbs
An adverb is a word that describes an adjective, a verb, or another

adverb. Take a look at these examples:
Here’s an example: I entered the room quietly. Quietly is describing how

you entered (verb) the room.
Here’s another example: A cheetah is always faster than a

lion. Always is describing how frequently a cheetah is faster (adjective)
than a lion.
6. Prepositions
Prepositions tell you the relationship between the other words in a

sentence.
Here’s an example: I left my bike leaning against the garage. In this

sentence, against is the preposition because it tells us where I left my
bike.
Here’s another example: She put the pizza in the oven. Without the
preposition in, we don’t know where the pizza is.
>>Read more about prepositions
7. Conjunctions
Conjunctions make it possible to build complex sentences that express

multiple ideas.
I like marinara sauce. I like alfredo sauce. I don’t like puttanesca sauce.
Each of these three sentences expresses a clear idea. There’s nothing
wrong with listing your preferences like this, but it’s not the most efficient
way to do it.
Consider instead: I like marinara sauce and alfredo sauce, but I don’t like
puttanesca sauce.
In this sentence, and and but are the two conjunctions that link your
ideas together.
>>Read more about conjunctions
8. Articles
A pear. The brick house. An exciting experience. These bolded words

are known as articles.
Like nouns, articles come in two flavors: definite articles and indefinite
articles. And just like the two types of nouns, the type of article you use
depends on how specific you need to be about the thing you’re
discussing.
A definite article describes one specific noun, like the and this. Example:
Did you buy the car?
Now swap in an indefinite article: Did you buy a car?
See how the implication is gone and you’re asking a much more general
question?
>>Read more about articles
Figuring out parts of speech
Sometimes, it’s not easy to tell which part of speech a word is. Here are a
few easy “hacks” to quickly figure out what part of speech you’re dealing
with:
• If it’s an adjective plus the ending “-ly,” it’s an adverb. Examples:

commonly, quickly.
• If you can swap it out for a noun and the sentence still makes
sense, it’s a pronoun. Example: We played basketball. / Steve and
I played basketball.
• If it’s something you do, and you can modify the sentence to include
the word do, it’s a verb. Examples: I have an umbrella. / I do have
an umbrella.
• If you can remove the word and the sentence still makes sense, but
you lose a detail, the word is most likely an adjective. Example:
She drives a red van. / She drives a van.
• If you can remove the word and the sentence doesn’t make sense,
it’s likely a preposition. Example: I left my notebook on the desk. / I
left my notebook the desk.
And if you’re ever really stumped, just look the word up. Dictionaries
typically list the part of speech a word fits in its entry, and if it fits more
than one part of speech, both are listed with examples.
That brings us to another common issue that can confuse writers and
language learners:
When a word is two different kinds of speech
Just like Y is sometimes a vowel but sometimes a consonant, there are

words that are sometimes one part of speech and other times another.
Here are a few examples:
• Work
o I went to work (noun).
o I work in the garden (verb).
• Well
o She paints very well (adverb).
o He’s well-liked in his community (adjective).
o I dropped a penny in the well (noun).
• But
o I cooked breakfast and lunch, but Steve cooked dinner

(conjunction).
o I brought everything but the pens you asked for (preposition).
And sometimes, words evolve to fit into new parts of speech. One recent
example is the word “adult.” Before the 2010s, adult was primarily a noun
that referred to a fully grown person. It could also be used as an adjective
to refer to specific types of media, like adult contemporary music. But
then, at right about the turn of the 2010s, the word adulting, a brand-new
verb, appeared in the internet lexicon. As a verb, adulting is the act of
doing tasks like paying bills and grocery shopping.
Open and closed word classes
The parts of speech fall into two word classes: open and closed.
Open word classes are parts of speech that regularly acquire new words.
Language evolves, and usually, evolution happens in these parts of
speech: nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. In 2020, new words
added to the Merriam-Webster dictionary included deepfake,
truthiness, and contactless.
Closed word classes are the parts of speech that don’t regularly add new
words. These parts of speech are more “set in stone” and
include pronouns, conjunctions, articles, and prepositions.
Are you using the parts of speech correctly?

Check your grammar and find out!
You don’t have to guess whether you’re using certain words correctly or
breaking grammar rules in your writing. Just copy and paste your writing
into the Grammarly Editor and get instant feedback on whether your
sentences have misspellings, punctuation errors, or any structural
mistakes.
>>Write with Grammarly today

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The 8 Parts of Speech: Examples

A noun is a word that names person, place, concept, or object.

Nouns fall into two categories: common nouns and proper

>>Read more about nouns

Instead of saying Jennifer’s name three times in a row, you

You might say the movie was funny, engaging, well-written,

>>Read more about adjectives

Go! Be amazing! Run as fast as you can! Win the

>>Read more about verbs

An adverb is a word that describes an adjective, a verb, or another

Here’s an example: I entered the room quietly. Quietly is describing how

Here’s another example: A cheetah is always faster than a

Prepositions tell you the relationship between the other words in a

Here’s an example: I left my bike leaning against the garage. In this

>>Read more about prepositions

Conjunctions make it possible to build complex sentences that express

>>Read more about conjunctions

A pear. The brick house. An exciting experience. These bolded words

Now swap in an indefinite article: Did you buy a car?

Figuring out parts of speech

• If it’s an adjective plus the ending “-ly,” it’s an adverb. Examples:

When a word is two different kinds of speech

Just like Y is sometimes a vowel but sometimes a consonant, there are

o I went to work (noun).

o I work in the garden (verb).

o She paints very well (adverb).

o He’s well-liked in his community (adjective).

o I dropped a penny in the well (noun).

o I cooked breakfast and lunch, but Steve cooked dinner

Open and closed word classes

Are you using the parts of speech correctly?

>>Write with Grammarly today

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