Relations PDF
Relations PDF
Relations PDF
Relations
Exercise 2.1
1 A. Question
Answer
Given:
By the definition of equality of ordered pairs, we have and simultaneously solving for a and b
and
⇒b=1
⇒a=2
1 B. Question
Answer
given: (x + 1, 1) = (3y, y - 1)
x + 1 = 3y and 1 = y - 1
⇒ x = 5 and y = 2
2. Question
If the ordered pairs (x, - 1) and (5, y) belong to the set {(a, b): b = 2a - 3}, find the values of x and y.
Answer
given the ordered pairs (x, - 1) and (5, y) belong to the set {(a, b): b = 2a - 3}
x = a and b = - 1
If b = - 1 then 2a = - 1 + 3 = 2
So, a = 1
x=1
a = 5 and y = b
If a = 5 then b = 2×5 - 3
So, b = 7
y=7
3. Question
If a ∈ { - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and b ∈ {0, 3, 6}, write the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) such that a + b = 5.
Answer
4. Question
If a ∈ {2, 4, 6, 9} and b ∈{4, 6, 18, 27}, then form the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) such that a divides b and
a<b.
Answer
Here,
Therefore, ordered pairs (a, b) are (2, 4), (2, 6), (2, 18),
5. Question
Answer
To find: A × B, B × A
6. Question
Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4}. Find A x B and show it graphically
Answer
A x B = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
b. Element of set A should be represented in horizontal axis and on vertical axis elements of set B should be
represented
c. Draw dotted lines perpendicular to horizontal and vertical axes through the elements of set A and B
7. Question
Answer
To find: A × B, B × A, A × A, (A × B) ∩ (B × A)
Now,
A × B = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 4)}
B × A = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)}
A × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)}
So,
(A × B) ∩ (B × A) = {(2, 2)}
8. Question
If A and B are two sets having 3 elements in common. If n(A) = 5, n(B) = 4, find n(A x B) and n[(A x B)∩ (B x
A)].
Answer
So, we have
(A × B) = {(x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, p), (x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, p), (x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, p), (y, x), (y, x), (y, x),
(y, p), (z, x), (z, x), (z, x), (z, p)}
(B × A) = {(x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, y), (x, z), (x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, y), (x, z), (x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, y), (x, z),
(p, x), (p, x), (p, x), (p, y), (p, z)}
[(A × B) ∩ (B × A)] = {(x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, x), (x, x)}
9. Question
Let A and B be two sets. Show that the sets A x B and B x A have an element in common if the sets A and B
be two sets such that n (A) = 3 and n (B) = 2.
Answer
To prove: The sets A x B and B x A have an element in common if the sets A and B be two sets such that n
(A) = 3 and n (B) = 2
Proof:
Assuming:
So, we have:
A × B = {(a, e), (a, f), (b, e), (b, f), (c, e), (c, f)}
B × A = {(e, a), (e, b), (e, c), (f, a), (f, b), (f, c)}
Assuming:
So, we have:
A × B = {(a, a), (a, f), (b, a), (b, f), (c, a), (c, f)}
B × A = {(a, a), (a, b), (a, c), (f, a), (f, b), (f, c)}
Therefore, we can say that A × B and B × A will have elements in common if and only if sets A and B have an
element in common.
10. Question
Let A and B be two sets such that n(A) x B, find A and B, where x, y, z are distinct elements
Answer
11. Question
Answer
To find: set R
Both elements of R, a and b, belongs to set A and relation between and elements a and b is that a divides b
So,
1 divides 1, 2, 3 and 4.
2 divides 2 and 4.
3 divides 3.
4 divides 4.
∴ R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 4)}
12. Question
If A = { - 1, 1}, find A x A x A.
Answer
given: A = {−1, 1}
To find: A × A × A
And, A × A × A = {(−1, −1, −1), (−1, −1, 1), (−1, 1, −1), (−1, 1, 1), (1, −1, −1), (1, −1, 1), (1, 1, −1), (1, 1,
1)}
13. Question
State whether each of the following statements are true of false. If the statement is false, re - write the given
statement correctly:
ii. If A and B are non - empty sets, then A x B is a non - empty set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that x∈ B and
y ∈ A.
Answer
(i) False
(ii) False
Then A × B is a non - empty set of an ordered pair (x, y) such that x ∈ A and y ∈ B
(iii) True
given: A = {1, 2} and B = {3, 4}
∅ is represents null setand intersection of any set with null set gives null set as null set has no elements
(B ∩ ∅) = ∅
The Cartesian product of any set and an empty set will be an empty set.
∴ A × (B ∩ ∅) = ∅
14. Question
Answer
given A = {1, 2}
To find A × A × A
∴ A × A × A = {(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 1), (1, 2, 2), (2, 1, 1), (2, 1, 2), (2, 2, 1), (2, 2, 2)}
15. Question
i. A x B ii. B x A
iii A x A iv. B x B
Answer
(i) To find: A × B
A × B = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)}
(ii) To find: B × A
B × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 4)}
(iii) To find: A × A
A × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 4)}
(iv) To find: B × B
B × B = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)}
Exercise 2.2
1. Question
Given A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4}, C = {4, 5, 6}, find (A x B)∩ (B x C).
Answer
To find: (A × B) ∩ (B × C)
(A × B) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
(B × C) = {(3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)}
∴ (A × B) ∩ (B × C) = {(3, 4)}
2. Question
Answer
To find: (A × B) ∪ (A × C)
Since, (B ∪ C) = {4, 5, 6}
∴A × (B ∪ C) = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
∴ (A × B) ∪ (A × C) = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
3. Question
i. A x ( B ∪ C) = (A x B) ∪ (A x C)
ii. A x (B ∩ C) = (A x B) ∩ (A x C)
iii. A x (B – C) = (A x B) – (A x C).
Answer
(i) To prove: A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A × C)
LHS: (B ∪ C) = {4, 5}
therefore A × (B ∪ C) = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)}
RHS:
(A × B) ∪ (A × C) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5)}
∴ LHS = RHS
(ii) To prove: A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
A × (B ∩ C) = ∅
(A × B) ∩ (A × C) = ∅
∴ LHS = RHS
(iii) To prove: A × (B − C) = (A × B) − (A × C)
LHS: (B − C) = ∅
A × (B − C) = ∅
RHS: (A × B) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
(A × B) − (A × C) = ∅
∴ LHS = RHS
4. Question
Let A = {1, 2}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, C = {5, 6} and D = {5, 6, 7, 8}. Verify that:
i. A x C B x D
ii. A x (B ∩ C) = (A x B) ∩ (A x C)
Answer
(i) To prove: A × C ⊂ B × D
RHS: B × D = {(1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (1, 8), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2, 8), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 8), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(4, 7), (4, 8)}
∴We can A × C ⊂ B × D
(ii) To prove: A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
LHS: (B ∩ C) = ∅
A × (B ∩ C) = ∅
RHS: (A × B) = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4)}
(A × B) ∩ (A × C) = ∅
∴ LHS = RHS
5. Question
i. A x (B ∩ C)
ii. (A x B) ∩ (A xC)
iii. A x (B ∪ C)
iv. (A x B) ∪ (A x C)
Answer
(i) To find: A × (B ∩ C)
(B ∩ C) = {4}
(ii) To find: (A × B) ∩ (A × C)
(A × B) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
(A × C) = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
∴ (A × B) ∩ (A × C) = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
(iii) To find: A × (B ∪ C)
(B ∪ C) = {3, 4, 5, 6}
∴ A × (B ∪ C) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
(iv) To find: (A × B) ∪ (A × C)
(A × B) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
(A × C) = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
∴ (A × B) ∪ (A × C) = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
6 A. Question
Prove that:
(A ∪ B) x C = (A x C) = (A x C) ∪ (B x C)
Answer
To prove: (A ∪ B) × C = (A × C) ∪ (B × C)
Proof:
(x, y) ∈ (A ∪ B) C
x ∈ (A ∪ B) and y ∈ C
(x ∈ A or x∈B) and y ∈ C
(x ∈ A and y ∈ C) or (x ∈ Band y ∈ C)
(x, y) ∈ A × C or (x, y) ∈ B × C
(x, y) ∈ (A × C) ∪ (B × C) …1
(x, y) ∈ (A × C) ∪ (B × C)
(x, y) ∈ (A × C) or (x, y) ∈ (B × C)
(x ∈ A and y ∈ C) or (x ∈ Band y ϵ C)
(x ∈ A or x ∈ B) and y ∈ C
x ∈ (A ∪ B) and y ∈ C
(x, y) ∈ (A ∪ B) × C …2
6 B. Question
Prove that:
(A ∩ B) x C = (A x C) ∩ (B x C)
Answer
To prove: (A ∩ B) × C = (A × C) ∩ (B×C)
Proof:
Let (x, y) be an arbitrary element of (A ∩ B) × C.
(x, y) ∈ (A ∩ B) × C
x ∈ (A ∩ B) and y ∈ C
(x, y) ∈ (A × C) ∩ (B × C) …1
(x, y) ∈ (A × C) ∩ (B × C)
(x ∈A and x ∈ B) and y ∈ C
x ∈ (A ∩ B) and y ∈ C
(x, y) ∈ (A ∩ B) × C …2
7. Question
Answer
given A × B C x D and A ∩ B ∈ ∅
To prove: A C and B D
And A ∩ B ∈ ∅ denotes A and B does not have any common element between them.
Since,
A×B C x D (Given)
a ∈ C and b ∈ D
Exercise 2.3
1. Question
If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6}, which of the following are relations from A to B?
Answer
Given,
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {4, 5, 6}
A × B = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
No, it is not a relation from A to B. The given set is not a subset of A × B as (5, 2) is not a part of the relation
from A to B.
No, it is not a relation from A to B. The given set is not a subset of A × B as (4, 2), (4, 3), (5, 1) are not a part
of the relation from A to B.
iv. A × B
{(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),(3, 4),(3, 5),(3, 6)}
2. Question
A relation R is defined from a set A = {2, 3, 4, 5} to a set B = {3, 6, 7, 10} as follows: (x, y) R x is relatively
prime to y. Express R as a set of ordered pairs and determine its domain and range.
Answer
Relatively prime numbers are also known as co-prime numbers. If there is no integer greater than one that
divides both (that is, their greatest common divisor is one). For example, 12 and 13 are relatively prime, but
12 and14 are not as their greatest common divisor is two.
Here,
2 is co-prime to 3 and 7.
4 is co-prime to 3 and 7.
5 is co-prime to 3, 6 and 7.
∴ R = {(2, 3), (2, 7), (3, 7), (3, 10), (4, 3), (4, 7), (5, 3), (5, 6), (5, 7)}
3. Question
Let A be the set of first five natural and let R be a relation on A defined as follows: (x, y) R x ≤ y
Answer
Therefore, A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Given, (x, y) R x ≤ y
1 is less than 2, 3, 4 and 5.
4 is less than 5.
∴ R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 5)}
An inverse relation is the set of ordered pairs obtained by interchanging the first and second elements of
each pair in the original relation. If the graph of a function contains a point (a, b), then the graph of the
inverse relation of this function contains the point (b, a).
∴ R-1 = {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (4, 3), (5, 3), (5, 4)}
⇒ R-1 = {(2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4)}
NOTE: You can see that Domain of R ‑1 is same as Range of R. Similarly, Domain of R is same as
Range of R‑1
4. Question
i. R= {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 2), (5, 6)}
ii. R= {(x, y) : x, y N; x + 2y = 8}
iii. R is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to (8, 10, 12} defined by y = x – 3
Answer
An inverse relation is the set of ordered pairs obtained by interchanging the first and second elements of
each pair in the original relation. If the graph of a function contains a point (a, b), then the graph of the
inverse relation of this function contains the point (b, a).
i. Given, R= {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 2), (5, 6)}
∴ R‑1 = {(2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3), (6, 5)}
⇒ R‑1 = {(2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (6, 5)}
Here, x + 2y = 8
⇒ x = 8 – 2y
Now, y cannot hold value 4 because x = 0 for y = 4 which is not a natural number.
Here,
y=x–3
5 A. Question
A relation R from the set {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} to the set {1, 2, 3} defined by x = 2y.
Answer
On putting y = 1, x = 2(1) = 2 A
On putting y = 2, x = 2(2) = 4 A
On putting y = 3, x = 2(3) = 6 A
5 B. Question
Answer
Relatively prime numbers are also known as co-prime numbers. If there is no integer greater than one that
divides both (that is, their greatest common divisor is one). For example, 12 and 13 are relatively prime, but
12 and14 are not as their greatest common divisor is two.
Here,
2 is co-prime to 3, 5 and 7.
3 is co-prime to 2, 4, 5 and 7.
4 is co-prime to 3, 5 and 7.
5 is co-prime to 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7.
6 is co-prime to 5 and 7.
7 is co-prime to 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
∴ R ={(2,3), (2,5), (2,7), (3,2), (3,4), (3,5), (3,7), (4,3), (4.5), (4,7), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,6), (5,7), (6,5), (6,7),
(7,2), (7,3), (7,4), (7,5), (7,6)}
5 C. Question
2x + 3y = 12.
Answer
Given, (x, y) R 2x + 3y = 12
2x + 3y = 12
⇒ 2x = 12 – 3y
On putting y=0,
On putting y=2,
On putting y=4,
5 D. Question
A relation R form a set A = {5, 6, 7, 8} to the set B = {10, 12, 15, 16, 18} defined by (x, y) R x divides y.
Answer
Here,
8 divides 16.
∴ R = {(5, 10), (5, 15), (6, 12), (6, 18), (8, 16)}
6. Question
Let R be a relation in N defined by (x, y) R x + 2y = 8. Express R and R-1 as sets of ordered pairs.
Answer
x = 8 – 2y
Now, y cannot hold value 4 because x = 0 for y = 4 which is not a natural number.
An inverse relation is the set of ordered pairs obtained by interchanging the first and second elements of
each pair in the original relation. If the graph of a function contains a point (a, b), then the graph of the
inverse relation of this function contains the point (b, a).
7. Question
Let A = {3, 5} and B = {7, 11}. Let R = {(a, b): a A, b B, a-b is odd}. Show that R is an empty relation from
into B.
Answer
On putting a = 3 and b = 7:
On putting a = 5 and b = 7:
∴ R = { } =Φ
8. Question
Let A = {1, 2} and B={3, 4}. Find the total number of relations from A into B.
Answer
Given,
We know,
NOTE:
Given,
9 A. Question
Answer
Given,
∴ R = {(0, 0+5), (1, 1+5), (2, 2+5), (3, 3+5), (4, 4+5), (5, 5+5)}
⇒ R = {(0, 5), (1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8), (4, 9), (5, 10)}
So,
9 B. Question
Answer
Given,
So,
10 A. Question
Answer
Given,
So,
10 B. Question
Answer
Given,
⇒ S = {(-3, |-3 – 1|), (-2, |-2 – 1|), (-1, |-1 – 1|), (0, |0 – 1|), (1, |1 – 1|), (2, |2 – 1|), (3, |3 – 1|)}
⇒S = {(-3, |-4|), (-2, |-3|), (-1, |-2|), (0, |-1|), (1, |0|), (2, |1|), (3, |2|)}
⇒S = {(-3, 4), (-2, 3), (-1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 1), (3, 2)}
So,
11. Question
Let A = {a, b}. List all relations on A and find their number.
Answer
The total number of relations that can be defined from a set A to a set B is the number of possible subsets of
A × B. If n(A)=p and n(B)=q, then n(A × B)= p q. So, the total number of relations is 2pq .
Now,
{ Φ, {(a, a)}, {(a, b)}, {(b, a)}, {(b, b)}, {(a, a), (a, b)}, {(a, a), (b, a)}, {(a, a), (b, b)}, {(a, b), (b, a)}, {(a,
b), (b, b)}, {(b, a), (b, b)}, {(a, a), (a, b), (b, a)}, {(a, b), (b, a), (b, b)}, {(a, a), (b, a), (b, b)}, {(a, a), (a, b),
(b, b)}, {(a, a), (a, b), (b, a), (b, b)}}
n(A) = 2 ⇒ n(A × A) = 2 × 2 = 4
12. Question
Let A= {x, y, z} and B= {a, b}. Find the total number of relations from A into B.
Answer
The total number of relations that can be defined from a set A to a set B is the number of possible subsets of
A × B. If n(A)=p and n(B)=q, then n(A × B)= pq. So, the total number of relations is 2pq .
13. Question
Let R be a relation from N to N defined by R= {(a, b): a, b N and a = b2}.
Answer
Here, take b = 2
⇒ a = b2 = 22 = 4
As, 22 ≠ 2
So,
Here, take b = 2
⇒ a = b2 = 22 = 4
As, 42 ≠ 2
So,
Here, take b = 4
⇒ a = b2 = 42 = 16
⇒ (16, 4) R
Now, b = c2
⇒ 4 = c2
⇒ c = -2 ∉ N or 2 N
⇒ (4, 2) R
But (16, 2) ∉ R
As, 22 ≠ 16
So,
14. Question
Let A= {1, 2, 3,….,14}. Define a relation on a set A by R= {(x, y): 3x – y = 0, where x, y A}. Depict this
relationship using an arrow diagram. Write down its domain, co-domain and range.
Answer
Given, R= {(x, y): 3x – y = 0, where x, y A}
A= {1, 2, 3,…,14}
As, y = 3x
So,
15. Question
Define a relation R on the set N of natural numbers by R = {(x, y): y = x + 5, x is a natural less than 4, x, y
N}.Depict this relationship using (i) roster form an arrow diagram. Write down the domain and range of R.
Answer
Given,
On putting x= 1, y = 1 + 5 = 6
On putting x= 2, y = 2 + 5 = 7
On putting x= 3, y = 3 + 5 = 8
16. Question
A = {1, 2, 3, 5} and B = {4, 6, 9}. Define a relation R from A to B by R = {(x, y): the difference between x
and y is odd, x A, y B}. Write R in Roster form.
Answer
Given,
For x = 1:
y – x = 4 – 1 = 3 which is odd ⇒ 4 y
y – x = 6 – 1 = 5 which is odd ⇒ 6 y
y – x = 9 – 1 = 8 which is even ⇒ 8 ∉ y
For x = 2:
y – x = 4 – 2 = 2 which is even ⇒ 4 ∉ y
y – x = 6 – 2 = 4 which is even ⇒ 6 ∉ y
y – x = 9 – 2 = 7 which is odd ⇒ 8 y
For x = 3:
y – x = 4 – 3 = 1 which is odd ⇒ 4 y
y – x = 6 – 3 = 3 which is odd ⇒ 6 y
y – x = 9 – 3 = 6 which is even ⇒ 8 ∉ y
For x = 5:
x – y = 5 – 4 = 1 which is odd ⇒ 4 y
y – x = 6 – 5 = 4 which is even ⇒ 6 ∉ y
y – x = 9 – 4 = 4 which is even ⇒ 8 ∉ y
∴ R = {(1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 8), (3, 4), (3, 6), (5, 4)}
NOTE:
Write the relation R = {(x, x3): x is a prime number less than 10} in roster form.
Answer
Given,
So,
18. Question
Answer
Given,
A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Here,
1 is exactly divisible by 1
i. R = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 1), (3, 3), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4,4), (5, 1), (5, 5), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 6)}
19. Question
Figure 2.15 shows a relationship between the sets P and Q. Write this relation in
b. Roster form
i. Since 5 – 3 = 6 – 4 = 7 – 5 = 2
∴ x – y = 2 where x P and y Q
So,
R = {(x, y): x – y = 2, x P, y Q}
20. Question
Let R be the relation on Z defined by R = {(a, b) Z, a – b is an integer}. Find the domain and range of R.
Answer
21. Question
For the relation R1 defined on R by the rule (a, b) R1 1 + ab > 0. Prove that: (a, b) R1 and (b,c) R1 (a, c) R1 is
not true for all a, b, c R.
Answer
Let a = 1, b = -0.5, c = -4
Hence Proved.
NOTE:
22. Question
Let R be a relation on N x N defined by (a, b) R (c, d) a + d = b + c for all (a, b), (c, d) N x N.
Show that:
ii. (a, b) R (c, d) (c, d) R (a, b) for all (a, b), (c, d) N x N
iii. (a, b) R (c, d) and (c, d) R (e, f) (a, b) R (e, f) for all (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) N × N
Answer
Given,
i. (a, b) R (a, b)
⇒ a + d = b + c⇒ c + b = d + a
a + d = b + c and c + f = d + e
⇒a+d+c+f=b+c+d+e
⇒a+f=b+c+d+e–c–d
⇒a+f=b+e
Answer
={1,4}
={4}
={(1,4), (4,4)}
2. Question
Answer
We know ,n(A×B)=n(A)×n(B)
Similarly, n(A×B×C)=n(A)×n(B)×n(C)
n(A×A×C)=n(A)×n(A)×n(B)
=3×3×4
=36
3. Question
If R is a relation defined on the set Z of integers by the rule , then write domain of
R.
Answer
={(-3,0),(0,-3),(3,0),(0,3)}
Now we know,Domain is the set which consist all first elements of ordered pairs in relation R.
So,Domain(R)={-3,0,3}
4. Question
If R = {(x, y) : x, y Z, x2 + y2≤ 4} is a relation defined on the set Z of integers, then write domain of R.
Answer
={(-2,0),(-1,0),(0,0),(1,0),(2,0),(0,-2),(0,-1),(0,1),(0,2),(1,1),(-1,-1),(1,-1),(-1,1)}
Now we know,Domain is the set which consist all first elements of ordered pairs in relation R.
So,Domain(R)={-2,-1,0,1,2}
5. Question
If R is a relation from set A = {11, 12, 13} to set B = {8, 10, 12} defined by y = x − 3, the write R−1.
Answer
={(11,8),(13,10)}
={(8,11),(10,13)}
6. Question
Let A = {1, 2, 3} and R = {(a, b) : | a2− b2 | ≤5, a, b A}. Then write R as set of ordered pairs.
Answer
Here,A={1,2,3}
R={(a,b) : |a2-b2|≤5,a,b ϵ A}
={(1,1),(1,2),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,2),(3,3)}
7. Question
Let R = {(x, y) : x, y Z, y = 2x − 4}. If (a, −2) and (4, b2) R, then write the values of a and b.
Answer
∴ 2a=-2+4
∴ 2a=2
∴ a=1
∴ b2=8-4
∴ b2=4
∴ b=±2
8. Question
If R = {(2, 1), (4, 7), (1, −2), ...}, then write the linear relation between the components of the ordered pairs
of the relation R.
Answer
Here,R={(2,1),(4,7),(1,-2),…}
It is seen that all the elements of R have a rule that (x,y)ϵ R ⇒ y+5=3x
i.e y=3x-5.
9. Question
If A = {1, 3, 5} and B = {2, 4}, list the elements of R, if R = {(x, y) : x, y A × B and x > y}.
Answer
10. Question
Answer
Now we know, Domain is the set which consist all first elements of ordered pairs in relation R.
Also we know, Range is the set which consist all second elements of ordered pairs in relation R.
So, Range(R)={0,2,4,6,8}
11. Question
Let A and B be two sets such that n(A) = 3 and n(B) = 2. If (x, 1), (y, 2), (z, 1) are in A × B, write A and B.
Answer
12. Question
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 5}, B = {4, 6, 9} and R be a relation from A to B defined by R = {(x, y) : x − y is odd}. Write
R in roster form.
Answer
={(1,4),(1,6),(2,9),(3,4),(3,6),(5,4),(5,6)}
MCQ
1. Question
B. {(1, 4}
C. (1, 4)
D. none of these.
Answer
When we subtract two sets, say (A – B), the result will be a set obtained on removing those elements from A
which also exist in B.
Note : We do not consider the elements of the subtracted set(here B) if it is not present in A.
= {1}
= {4}
[When we multiply two sets, each element of first set is paired with every element of other in an ordered pair
of form (x, y)
= {(1, 4)}
2. Question
D. none of these.
Answer
Here, y = 3x;
If x = 1; then y = 3.
If x = 2; then y = 6.
If x = 3; then y = 9.
Therefore the required relation will be R = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9)}.
3. Question
Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 3, 5}. If relation R and A to B is given by R = {(1, 3), (2, 5), (3, 3)}. Then R−1 is
D. none of these.
Answer
4. Question
If A = {1, 2, 3} B = {1, 4, 6, 9} and R is a relation from A to B defined by ‘x is greater than y. The range of R
is
A. {1, 4, 6, 9}
B. {4, 6, 9}
C. {1}
D. none of these.
Answer
Since we know that Range is the set of elements written after comma in each ordered pair.
5. Question
A. {0, 1, 2}
C. {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2}
D. none of these.
Answer
6. Question
A relation R is defined from {2, 3, 4, 5} to {3, 6, 7, 10} by :xRyx is relatively prime to is relatively prime to y.
Then, domain of R is
A. {2, 3, 5}
B. {3, 5}
C. {2, 3, 4}
D. {2, 3, 4, 5}.
Answer
Relatively prime numbers are those numbers which have only 1 as the common factor.
So, according to this definition we get to know that (2, 3), (2, 7), (3, 7), (3, 10), (4, 3), (4, 7), (5, 3), (5, 6) ,(5,
7) are relatively prime.
So, R ={(2, 3), (2, 7), (3, 7), (3, 10), (4, 3), (4, 7), (5, 3), (5, 6) ,(5, 7)}.
Therefore, Domain of R is the values of x or the first elemenyt of the ordered pair.
7. Question
A. (2 + 3i) φ 13
B. 3 φ (−3)
C. (1 + i) φ 2
D. iφ 1.
Answer
We have xφ y |x| = y
A. (2 + 3i) φ 13
X = 2 + 3i;
= √13
Therefore, |x|≠ y.
B. 3 φ (−3)
X = 3;
=3
3 ≠(-3)
C. (1 + i) φ 2
X = 1+ i;
= √2
√2 ≠ 2
D. iφ 1
x = i;
=1
1=1
|x| = y.
8. Question
A. {2, 4, 8}
B. {2, 4, 6, 8}
C. {2, 4, 6}
D. {1, 2, 3, 4}.
Answer
We have , x + 2y = 8
y=
if x = 2, y = 3;
if x = 4, y = 2;
if x = 6, y = 1.
9. Question
Mark the correct alternative in the following:
R is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to {8, 10, 12} defined by y = x− 3. Then, R−1 is
D. none of these.
Answer
Since, y = x – 3;
For x = 12, y = 9.[ But the value y = 9 does not exist in the given set.]
10. Question
If the set A has p elements, B has q elements, then the number of elements in A ×B is
A. p + q
B. p + q + 1
C. pq
D p2
Answer
Since A has p elements, so each element of A will make a pair with each element of set B , and so other
elements of A will do the same..
11. Question
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer
12. Question
Mark the correct alternative in the following:
If R is a relation from a finite set A having m elements to a finite set B having n elements, then the number of
relations from A to B is
A. 2mn
B. 2mn− 1
C. 2mn
D. m n
Answer
Since we know that a relation from A to B consists of mn ordered pairs if they contain m and n elements
respectively..
Each subset of those mn pairs will be a relation..so, each pair has two choices, either to be in that particular
relation or not.
13. Question
A. 2n
B.
C. n2
D. nn
Answer
A is a set of n elements.