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922
Research Article
Gajbe et al. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL
World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research
AND MEDICAL RESEARCH ISSN 2455-3301
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RESEARCH OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME(PCOS)

Hemlata Gajbe Lecturer*, Dr. Aparna Sankhe, Ajinkya Ghargine, Nayan Dange, Raghavendra Deshmukh,
Sonu Das, Sudam Bhavari, Tintu Abraham, Tushar Bhosale, Vishaka Chaudadwar, Samyak Gadling,
Shrikrishna Deokar

India.

*Corresponding Author: Hemlata Gajbe Lecturer

India.

Article Received on 03/06/2022 Article Revised on 24/06/2022 Article Accepted on 14/07/2022

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women
between the ages of 18 -44 years. It affects approximately 2% to 20% of this age group. It is one of the leading
endocrine diseases which affect one in 15 women‟s worldwide. The main objective of the study was to evaluate
effect of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome among nursing
student. Statement of The Problem: A Study To Assess The Effect Of Structured Teaching Programme On
Knowledge Regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Among Nursing Students In Selected Nursing Colleges Of
Metropolitan City.
Objectives
1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among nursing students.
2. To administer structured teaching programme of knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
among nursing students.
3. To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian
syndrome (PCOS) among nursing students.
4. To find out association between post test level of knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
among nursing students with their selected demographic variables. Design: A quantitative approach by using pre
experimental one group pre test post test research design. Participants: The sample consisted of 40 nursing
students. Tool: Structured multiple choice questionnaire of demographic variables and knowledge questionnaire
regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome are used foe data collection. Intervention: Structured teaching programme
of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Result: Majority of nursing students had adequate knowledge after
structured teaching programme of PCOS, Analysis used paired t test found significant value at p< 0.01 level.
Conclusion: Structured teaching programme was effective in improving level of knowledge regarding polycystic
ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among nursing students.

KEYWORDS: Assess, effectiveness, structured teaching programme, knowledge, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

INTRODUCTION „Amenorrhea‟, „Obesity‟, and „Hirsutism‟ in 1935 when

they observed the relation between obesity and
“Learning is the beginning of wealth,
reproductive disorders. It is hence also known as the
Learning is the beginning of health,
„Stein- Leventhal Syndrome‟ or „Hyper androgenic An
Learning is the beginning of spirituality,
ovulation‟ and is the most common endocrine ovarian
Searching and learning is where the miracle process
disorder affecting approximately 2-8% women of
all begins”
reproductive age. Now a day‟s, it is also referred to as
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is the most common
the „Syndrome O‟ i.e. over nourishment, overproduction
endocrine disorder among women between the age
of insulin, ovarian confusion and ovulatory disruption.
between 18-44. It affects approximately 2% to 20% of
this age group. It is one the leading endocrine disease
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a set of symptoms due to
and which affects one in 15 women in worldwide. The
elevated androgens in women. Signs and Symptoms of
incidence of PCOS among adolescents is estimated to be
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome include irregular or no
between 11 and 26% (3) and about 50% are overweight.
menstrual periods, heavy periods, excess body and facial
hair, acne pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant, and
The term Polycystic Ovarian Disease was first described
patches of thick darker, Velvety skin. Associated
by Irving stein and Micheal Leventhal as a Triad of

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 Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

conditions include type 2 diabetes, obesity, obstructive specific for the age group, and also because of the
sleep apnea, heart disease, mood disorders, endometrial associated and psychological factors which are very
cancer, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinaemia, important in the growth and psychological remodeling of
and infertility. Polycystic ovary syndrome cannot be someone in the transition between childhood and
prevented. But early diagnosis and treatment helps womanhood. Although PCOS is a common disorder, the
prevent long-term complications, such as infertility, diagnosis may be overlooked during adolescence, as
metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. irregular menses with anovulatory cycles, obesity, and
acne are frequent in adolescent women. The incidence of
The main risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome is a PCOS among adolescents is estimated to be between 11
family history of it. A family history of diabetes may and 26% (3) and about 50% are overweight. There is no
increase the risk for PCOS because of the strong cure for PCOS, but controlling it lowers the risks of
relationship between diabetes and PCOS. Long-term use infertility, miscarriages, diabetes, heart disease, and
of the seizure medicine valproate has been linked to an cancer. Present day lifestyle, food habits, environmental
increased risk of PCOS. Girls with low birth weight as exposure to toxins along with hereditary predisposition
well as a family history of diabetes mellitus, premature for metabolic syndrome like obesity, hyperlipidemia,
birth, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hormonal diabetes and hypertension and stress has contributed to
imbalance, genetic problem, endocrine disease, weekend the common problem faced by today‟s female
immune system, environmental factors, toxin effect are population.
at risk for developing Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.
NEED FOR THE STUDY
Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and
“Every human being is the author of his own health
psychological development that generally occurs during
and disease”
the period from puberty to legal adulthood. Adolescence
- Sri Buddha
is a period having the sense of identity and the sense of
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is common health problem
intimacy. It is the transition from childhood to adulthood.
which increase among adolescent girls and young
Also many serious diseases in adulthood have their roots
women during their reproductive years. It is a problem in
in adolescence. For example, tobacco use, sexually
which a woman‟s hormones are out of balance leading to
transmitted infections including HIV, and poor eating
menstrual disturbance as well as multiple abnormal cysts
and exercise habits lead to illness or premature death
in enlarged ovaries, so they do not produce the normal
including HIV, and poor eating and exercise habits lead
number of eggs and normal ovulation which leads to
to illness or premature death later in life.
difficulty of getting pregnant. If it is not treated over
time, it can lead to serious health problems such as
The word adolescent comes from the Latin word
diabetes and heart disease.
„adolescere‟ which means to grow. Adolescents represent
a period of intensive growth and changes in nearly all
According to a study by PCOS Society, One in every 10
aspects of child‟s physical, mental, social, and emotional
women in India has polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),
life. During adolescence, young women are primarily
a common endocrinal system disorder among women of
concerned with finding their identity and expressing who
reproductive age. And out of every 10 women diagnosed
they are in the world. Puberty causes many physical
with PCOS, six are teenage girls.
changes to take place, and adolescents must adapt to
their changing bodies. All of these changes can make
A population study revealed that overt and occult PCOD
adolescence a confusing and stressful period. Children as
accounted for 90% of patients with oligomenorrhea and
young as 16 years are diagnosed with polycystic disease
37% with amenorrhea, or 73% with oligo- or
which occurs due to the imbalances or abnormalities in
amenorrhea. Oligo- or amenorrhea accounted for 21% of
the hormones. Hormonal abnormalities can make the
couples with infertility and the annual incidence was 247
ovaries produce more eggs. These eggs turn into cysts
patients per million of the general population. The annual
and the ovaries become large and studded with numerous
incidence of infertility due to PCOD per million was 41
cysts. It begins as early as in teenagers and mostly effects
with overt PCOD and 139 with occult PCOD (total 180).
adult ovarian girls of childbearing age.The establishment
Of those, 140 appeared to respond well to clomiphene
of a regular menstrual cycle is an important process for
(78%) but 40 (22%) failed, requiring alternative therapy.
an adolescent girl. The challenge is to distinguish normal
individual variation from real endocrine or organic
A study on teenage girls and college girls in several
problems. Avoiding too early unnecessary intervention
colleges around India was found to show a higher
without missing relevant abnormalities requires a firm
percentage of college girls with PCOD and there was
grasp of process of physiological sexual development as
around 36 % of increase in cases of PCOD compared
well as of the symptoms and aetiology of relevant
from a period of 2007-08, showing a severe fast increase
abnormalities.Gynecological problems of adolescents
of cases of PCOD among college girls in an alarming
occupy a special space in the spectrum of gynecological
rate.
disorders of all ages. This is because of the physical
nature of the problems which are so unique, special, and

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 Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

A study conducted by the department of endocrinology and not taking any measures to improve their lifestyles is
and metabolism, AIIMS, shows that about 20-25 per cent observed by the investigator that these college girls can
of Indian women of childbearing age are suffering from be helped by assessing their knowledge and with a view
PCOS. While 60 per cent of women with PCOS are to change their lifestyle by providing necessary
obese, 35-50 per cent have a fatty liver. About 70 per information.
cent have insulin resistance, 60-70 per cent have high
level of androgen and 40-60 per cent have glucose The researcher has a pivotal role in creating awareness
intolerance. among nursing students about how to identify the
symptoms and modification to be brought in order to
About 6 to 10% of girls gets affected by PCOD and are prevent further complications of PCOS. Hence the
even not aware of their presence. In a prospective study researcher felt that structured teaching programme will
of 400 women of reproductive age, 4% to 4.7% of white be an effective teaching strategy to impart knowledge of
women and 3.4% of African American women had polycystic ovarian syndrome. Among the nursing
PCOS. A similar rate of 4% to 6% has been found in students and it helps to disseminate knowledge of
other populations. polycystic ovarian syndrome in community.

A comprehensive community-based study among 3443 STATEMENT

adolescent girls (15-18 years) done to find out the
A study to assess the effect of structured planned
prevalence of PCOS from 10 schools, Trivandrum.
teaching on knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian
Among them, 339 girls are with the symptoms of PCOS
syndrome (PCOS) among nursing students in selected
and they were under-nourished (37.6%), normal weight
nursing colleges of metropolitan city.
(51.2%), overweight (8.6%) and obese (2.6%). Lack of
awareness and lifestyle changes are considered to be the
OBJECTIVES
major factor leading to these phenomena.
1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding
A retrospective study done in 58 preadolescent and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among nursing
adolescent girls to study the age at diagnosis of PCOS students.
and to compare risk factors involved in causing PCOS 2. To administer the Information Education and
highlighted that PCOS may occur at a younger age in Communication regarding Polycystic Ovarian
girls who develop early puberties. Therefore, the Syndrome.
diagnosis and workup should be considered in young 3. To determine the effectiveness of Information
girls with risk factors suggestive of PCOS. Education Communication on the level of
knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
PCOS affects between 8% and 20% of reproductive-age among nursing students.
women worldwide. Because there is no universal 4. To find out association between post test level of
definition of PCOS, the exact number of women in the knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
United States with PCOS is unknown, but is thought to among nursing students and their selected
be approximately 5 million. Most women are diagnosed demographic variables.
during their twenties or thirties, but PCOS may affect
girls as young as 11 who haven't even had their first HYPOTHESIS
period. H1 – There is a significant difference in the level of
knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome
U.S. Scientists reported that the prevalence of Polycystic between pre-test and post-test scores.
Ovarian Syndrome may be as high as 11.2% in girls of H2 - There is a significant association between post-test
reproductive years. Among this group, adolescent girls level of knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian
make up a large part, perhaps as high as 50% of young syndrome among nursing students and their selected
girls suffer with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). demographic variables.

PCOS is the most common endocrinology disorders OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

during adolescence, so there is always a need to Assess
investigate all new relevant data. Early recognition and Evaluate the level of knowledge among nursing students
prompt treatment of PCOS in adolescents is important to of nursing college, Regarding PCOS before and after
prevent long term complications. From all the above using structured knowledge questionnaire.
studies the researcher found that adolescent girls have to
obtain adequate knowledge regarding PCOS because Effectiveness
they are future mothers and they are the one to make the Effectiveness refers to the knowledge scores after
new generation. administration of structured teaching programme
regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among nursing
Lack of knowledge and the negative lifestyle attitude students.
towards polycystic ovarian disease among college girls

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 Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

Structured planned teaching Review of literature is an essential activity of scientific

Structure planned teaching refers to administration of the research project; “literature review involves system
relevant study material to the nursing students regarding identification, location securing and summary of written
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. material that information on research problem
“Literature was reviewed and organized under the
Knowledge following headings: Studies related to Polycystic
It refers to the response of nursing students regarding Ovarian Syndrome.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by structured multiple A. Studies related to knowledge of Polycystic Ovarian
choice questionnaire in terms of knowledge scores. Syndrome among adolescent girls
B. Studies related to effectiveness of Education
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Programme on level of knowledge regarding
It refers to the hormonal imbalance which causes Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
irregular menstrual Periods, obesity, unwanted or excess C. Studies related to effectiveness of structured planned
hair growth and acne. teaching on Knowledge regarding PCOS

ASSUMPTIONS A) STUDIES RELATED TO POLYCYSTIC

Nursing students possess some knowledge regarding OVARIAN SYNDROME
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Nitin Joseph, Aditya G.R.Reddy, Divya Joy, Vishakha
Proper knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian reduces patel, (2016), conducted a cross sectional study to assess
the risk of getting Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among the proportion of universitystudents with PCOSamong
Nursing students. 480 participants in Mangalore city in Karnataka state.
Structured teaching programme will helps to improve the The study revealed that 39were already diagnosed with
level Of knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian PCOS, 40 were at highrisk and 401 were at low risk for
Syndrome. PCOS. The study concluded that PCOS is a common
disorder among young women in this setting and this
DELIMITATIONS warrants provide screening activities.
The study is delimited to a selected college at Mumbai
city Dr. Kalavathi, D. Biradar, Dr.Amrita N Shanmanrwadi
The data collection period was delimited to period of 6 (2015) conducted a descriptive study to determine the
weeks prevalence of PCOS among adolescent girls in
The age group is limited to 18 -21years of girls. Bangalore. The study revealed that majority that is
76.2% of adolescent were in their late adolescent.
PROJECTED OUTCOMES Ultrasound report of the adolescent revealed that 30 of
The findings of the study will help the nurses to assess them were diagnosed as PCOS. This difference was
the level of knowledge regarding PCOS among nursing statistically significant. The study concluded that early
students using structured multiple choice questionnaire. diagnosis and intervention will reduce the long term
health complications associated with PCOS.
SCOPE OF STUDY
Data gathering through this study will help to reveal Beena Joshi, Srabani Mukherjee, Rama Vaidya (2014)
existing knowledge with regards to Polycystic ovarian conducted a cross sectional study to assess the
syndrome. Health care providers have vital role in prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among 778
assessing knowledge of student nurses about polycystic adolescents and young girls aged 15-24 years in
ovarian syndrome will help in the planning of in service Mumbai. The study revealed that there is no community
education program on polycystic ovarian syndrome. based prevalence data is available for this syndrome. The
study concluded that PCOS is an emerging disorder
The finding may form the base for further studies in the during adolescence and screening could provide
field and thus may be used in future reference. It will opportunity to target the group for promoting healthy
motivate student nurse to update their knowledge lifestyle and early interventions to prevent PCOS.
regarding prevention of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Swetha Balaji, Chioma Amadi, Satish Prasad, Jyoti Bala
REVIEW OF LITERATURE Kasav, (2014) conducted a cross sectional study to
determine urban and rural differences in the burden of
INTRODUCTION
polycystic ovarian syndrome, among adolescent girls
The review of literature in a research report is a summary
aged 12-19 years in Vellore, Tamilnadu. The study
of current knowledge about a particular practice problem
revealed that 18% of the participants were confirmed of
and includes what is known and not known about the
having PCOS. The study concluded that participants
problem. The literature is reviewed to summarize
diagnosed with PCOS were higher among urban
knowledge for use in practice or to provide a basis for
participants in comparison to rural participants.
conducting a study.

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 Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

Pratik Kumar Chatterjee, P. Prasanna Mithra, Raghul Pal questionnaire. The study revealed that 33% girls had
(2014) conducted a cross sectional study to find out the information from teacher, 19% got information from
epidemiological correlation among 100 patients with friends, 11.5% got information a doctor, 3.5% got from
PCOS women in Karnataka. The study revealed that newspaper, 5% got information from internet.28% girls
there was significant differences in blood groups along were unaware of PCOS. The studyconcluded that
with their age and BMI, diabetes family history were knowledge of the disorder and counseling for adolescents
also considered. The study concluded that early should be included in the curriculum.
screening help for better management prevention of
further complications. Sunanada B, Sabitta Nayak (2016), conducted a
descriptive study to assess the knowledge on the
Samar Musmar, Asma Afanch, Hafsa Moalla, (2013) polycystic ovarian syndrome among 150 student nurses
conducted a cross sectional study to assess the in Mangalore. The study revealed that 76% of the
prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome among 137 samples were with average knowledge and 10.7% with
female age group between 18-24 years in Nablus city in good knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome.
the north of west Bank. The study revealed that The study concluded that source of information,
prevalence of PCOSwas 7.3%, Acne was the only consumption of junk food, dietary food patterns of the
studied risk factor among other to be statistically related student were associated with their level of knowledge on
PCOSpatients. Clinical hirsutism was found in 27% of PCOS.
participants,70% of whom had idiopathic hirsutism. The
study concluded that prevalence of PCOSin Palestine Mr. Khushboo Brar, Mrs. Tarundeep Kanur, Mr. P.
seems to be relatively high but similar to other vadivukarasi Ramanadin (2016), conducted a descriptive
Mediterranean statisticsShawna B Christensen,MS, Mary study to assess the level of knowledge regard PCOS
Helen Black, MS,PhD, Ning smith, MS,PhD, Maryia M, among 200 adolescent girls in Mohali. The study
(2013) conducted a cross sectional study to assess the revealed that majority of girls 123 had fair knowledge
prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in and minority girls had excellent level of knowledge. The
adolescents in Southern California. The study revealed study concluded that there was lack of knowledge of
that the prevalenceof a confirmed diagnosis of PCOSwas teenage girls regarding PCOS. The administration of
0.5% and increased to 1.14% when undiagnosed cases. information booklet may have helped the teenage girls to
The study concluded that overweight and obesity were understand more about PCOS.
associated with higher odds of PCOSin adolescents.
Pothiraj Pitchai, S.R.Sreeraj, Parmar Recma Anil,(2016),
Renoto pasquali, Elisabet stener-victorin Bulent o, the descriptive study was conducted in Mumbai, India.
Yildiz, Antoni J, (2011) conducted to summarize Subject were recruited through purposive sampling
promising areas of investigation into polycystic ovary method with the sample size of 100 who were visited
syndrome and to stimulate further research in this area. gynaecological clinics and around Mumbai, India. The
The study revealed that potential areas of further study revealed that 21% of the respondents are very well
research activity include the analysis of predisposing aware about polycystic ovarian syndrome. The study
conditions that increase the risk of PCOS, particularly concluded that efforts need to intensity in creating
genetic background and environmental factors such as awareness on the general public about PCOS Nomanui
endocrine disruptors and lifestyle. The study concluded Haq, Zarmina Khan, Sohail Riaz, etc.all (2016), the
that there are several intriguing areas for future research mixed methodology research was conducted study to
in PCOS. A potential limitation of our reviews is that we assess the knowledge of polycystic ovarian syndrome
focused selectively on areas we viewed as the most among 500 female science students in Pakistan. The
controversial. study revealed that the 90.2% subject were having
adequate knowledge about polycystic ovarian
B) Studies Related To Knowledge Regarding syndromeafter educational intervention. The study
Polycystic Ovarian Syndromeamong Adolescent Girls concluded that different educational programs should be
Amal Alessa, Dalal Alied, Sara Almutairi, etc.all (2017), doneto provide knowledge about polycystic ovarian
conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the level of syndrome.
knowledge of PCOSamong 2000 women of age group
(18-50) in Saudi Arabia. The study revealed that the Manita Dalal, Dr. Mrs. Molly Babu, Mrs. Sharda
level of knowledge of PCOSwas significantly related Rastogi, (2014), conducted a exploratory survey design
higher educational level and woman with health college to assess the knowledge and practice of women with
qualification. The study concludedthat there is ahigh polycystic ovarian syndrome among 275 women of 12-
level of awareness of PCOSamong Saudi Arabia. 14 years age group women in New Delhi. The study
revealed that prevalence of PCOS among women
Jayshree J. Upadhye, Chaitanya A. Shembekar, (2017), attended gynec OPD of Safdarjung Hospital was found
the study was conductedto assess the knowledge on to be 10.09%. The knowledge of the women with PCOS
POCS among 200 medical students. The data was regarding PCOS and its management was found to be
collected from the students by using structured inadequate with mean score of 12.1 out of 33. The study

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 Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

concluded that was developed for women with assess the effectiveness of structured teaching
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. programme on knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian
syndrome among 30 adolescent girls in Chennai,
C) Studies Related To Effectiveness Of Educational Tamilnadu. The study revealed that the mean level of
Programmeon Level of Knowledge Regarding knowledge was 11 with standard deviation of 3.549 in
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome pretest and 17.5 with standard deviation of 4.88 in post
Dr. Prof. Mrs. Anitarajendrababu, Mrs.Mini Abraham, test there was a statistically high significant difference
(2017), conducted a pre experimental one group pretest with paried „t‟ value of 8.45. The study concluded that
and post test research design to assess the effectiveness there was an increase in the level of knowledge after
of planned teaching progarmme regarding the knowledge providing structured teaching programme based on
on PCOS among 60 adolescent girls in Chennai. The statistical findings.
study revealed that 52 of the adolescent girls had
inadequateknowledge and none of them had adequate Hanan Elsayed Mohammed, Suzan Elsaid Mansour
knowledge on PCOS in pre test. In post test 7 had (2015) conducted a quasi experimental study on
moderately knowledge 53 had adequate knowledge and effectiveness of educational sessions on polycystic
none of them had inadequate knowledge regarding ovarian syndrome among 95 late adolescent girls in
PCOS. The study concluded that planned teaching Egypt. The study revealed that there is inadequate
programme was effective to create awareness and to knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome
increase knowledge among the adolescent girls. before educational sessions. After educational sessions
girls had adequate knowledge. The study concluded that
Khushbu Patel (2017), conducted a pre experimental there was significant different of knowledge score
research design to assess the effectiveness of planned between before and after educational sessions. The
teaching programme on PCOS in terms of knowledge utilization of educational sessions was effective to
and attitude among 60 adolescent girls in Ahmadabad. increase the knowledge level of late adolescent girls
The study revealed that adolescent have lack of about polycystic ovarian syndrome self protective
knowledge about PCOS and unfavorable attitude and the measures.
knowledge level increased and gain favorable attitude
after the planned teaching programme. The study Mrs. Sinmayee Kumari Devi, Ms.kalpana Badhei,
concluded that planned teaching programme is effective (2015), a quasi experimental study to assess the
in improving the knowledge and attitude of adolescent knowledge among 50 mothers of newborn at capital
girls. hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The study revealed that
the mother had poor knowledge regarding care of
Hoda Abdel Azim Mohammed (2016), conducted quasi newborn on prevention of hypothermia in pre test. In
experimental study to assess the knowledge on post test mother had excellent knowledge. The study
polycystic ovarian syndrome among 96 students in concluded that STP was the best teaching strategy in
Egypt. The study revealed that after educational program impartingknowledgeon prevention of neonatal
the majority of students had good knowledge (92.7%). hypothermia.
The study concluded that educational program is
effective in improving the knowledge of students. Hadayat, A Amasha, Manar F Heeba (2014) conducted a
quasi experimental study on evaluation of effectiveness
Sr. Anto Suji, Mrs. Reeta Jeba kumara, Dr. Nalini of educating programme regarding PCOS among 50
Jeyavanth santh(2016), conducted a pre experimental nurses in port said city. The study revealed that the
non equivalent controlgroup pretest-posttest design to nurses lack of knowledge about PCOS and there is a
assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching statistically significant difference in the pre-test and post-
programme related to PCOS among 100 adolescent girls test score. The study also recommended the need for the
age group between 15-18 yrs in Madurai, Tamilnadu. staff development program to increase maternity nursesat
The study revealed that 78% of adolescent girls in level of knowledge relatedto PCOS.
experimental group and 76% of adolescent girls in
control group had inadequate level of knowledge in Sowmya M.A., Philomena Fernandes, (2013), conducted
pretest. After having video assisted teaching programme a pre experimental one group design to assess the
in posttest 60% of adolescent girls gained adequate effectiveness of structured teaching programme on
knowledge in experimental group. So out of 39 knowledge of polycystic ovarian syndrome among
adolescent girls who had inadequate knowledge in adolescent girls in Mangalore. The study revealed that
pretest were reduced into only four girls in posttest. The the structured teaching programme was effective in
study concluded that video teaching programme had an improving knowledge of adolescent girls regarding
effect in improving the knowledge of adolescent girls polycystic ovarian syndrome.
related to PCOS.
Atiqulla Shariff, Gulam saidunnisa Begum, Ghufran
B. Tamilarasi, V. Vathana, (2016) conducted a pre Ayman, Bana Mohammed, Ragha Housam, Neura
experimental one group pre-test post-test design done to Khaled, (2013) conducted a quasi experimental study to

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 Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

assess the effectiveness of structured education using multiple choice questionnaire with a effect of
programme among 244 students. The study revealed that demographic variables.
the knowledge of participants was improved through
structured education programme that can play a vital role Through put
in prevention and early diagnosis of PCOS. It is the operation phase. It is the process that allows the
input to be changed as output in such a way that it can be
CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK readily used by the system. In this study during the
General Systems Theory activity phase the investigator administer structured
Polit and Hungler (1995) states that a “conceptual frame planned teaching.
work is the interrelated concepts or abstractions that are
assembled together in the relevance to the common DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
theme. It is a device that helps to stimulate research and This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of
extension of knowledge by providing both directions and the collected data from 40 nursing students to assess the
impetus”. effectiveness of structured planned teaching on level of
knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of among nursing students.
structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among nursing students. The purpose of analysis was to reduce the data to a
The conceptual frame work for this study was based on manageable and interpretable form, so that the research
Modified problem can be studied and tested. Kerlinger (1986) has
defined analysis as “the categorizing, reducing,
Ludwig Von Bertalanffy’s open system theory (1968) manipulating and summarizing of data to obtain assures
A system is set of interacting parts or components with to research hypothesis questions”. The analysis and
in a boundary that interact among various components to interpretation of data of this study are based on data
achieve the goal. A system can be individual, families, collected by using through structured interview method
communities. The fundamental component of system is from the elderly with insomnia. The results were
matter, energy and communication without any one of computed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
these component, system does not exist. The system
continuously monitors self and the environment for John Tukey (1961) has defined interpretation as
information to guide its own operation. “Examining the results from data analysis, forming
conclusions, considering implication for nursing,
There are two types of system exploring significance of the finding and suggesting the
study”.
A closed system
A closed system does no exchange energy, matter or The study findings are presented in sections as
information with its environment. It receives no input follows
from environment and gives no output to the Section I: Data on demographic variables of nursing
environment. students
Section II: Data on assessment of level of knowledge
A open system among nursing students
Energy, matter and information move into and out of the Section III: Data on effectiveness of structured planned
system through the system boundary. All living systems teaching programme on level of knowledge regarding
such as plants, animals, people, families, and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among nursing students
communities are open system, since their survival Section IV: Data on association between the post-test
depends on a continuous exchange of energy. They are level of knowledge among nursing students with their
therefore, in a constant state of change. For its selected demographic variables.
functioning an open system depends on the quality and Section I: Data on Demographic Variables of Nursing
the quantity of its input, output and feedback. Students.
In the present study the concepts can be interpreted as
follows,

Open system
In the present study individual is considered as open
system.

Input
In this present study input is the assessment of
knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
among nursing students by structured planned teaching

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Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

Table 1.1: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of nursing students in according to their Demographic
variables.
N = 40
Sr no Demographical variables Frequency Percentage
Age
a) Below 19 years 4 10
1 b) 19 years 22 55
c) 20 years 12 30
d) Above 21 years 2 5
Weight
a) Below 45kg 3 7.5
2 b) 45 to 50 kg 22 55
c) 50 to 59 kg 11 27.5
d) Above 60 kg 4 10
Height
a) Below 140 cm 3 7.5
3 b) 140 to 145 cm 19 47.5
c) 145 to 150 cm 11 27.5
d) Above 150 cm 7 17.5
BMI
a) 18 to 21 0 0
4 b) 22 to 25 28 70
c) 26 to 29 8 20
d) Above 30 4 10
Eating habits
a) Street food 23 57.5
5 b) Home made food 10 25
c) Organic food 2 5
d) As per availability 15 37.5
Menstrual cycle 18 45
a) Irregular 6 15
6 b) 20 to 25 days 7 17.5
c) 25 to 30 days 9 22.5
d) 30 to 35 days
Family income
a) Less than 10,000 per month 14 35
7
b) 10,000to 30,000per month 16 40
c) Greater than 30,000per month 10 25
Mother’s education
8 a) Literate 33 82.5
b) Illiterate 7 17.5
Do you consume junk food
9 a) Yes 38 95
b) No 2 5
Source of information
a) Health personnel 22 55
b) Parent 4 10
10
c) Mass media 12 30
d) Text book 2 5
e) No information 0 0
Menarche
a) 10 to 12 years 1 2.5
11 b) 12 to 14 year 26 65
c) 14 to 16 years 14 35
d) Below 10 years 0 0
Number of Menstruating days
a) 4 to 5 days 26 65
12
b) Less than 4 days 10 25
c) More than 5 days 4 10

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Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

Does anyone in family have PCOS

13 a) Yes 17 42.5
b) No 23 57.5
Do you experience menstrual cramps
14 a) Yes 34 85
b) No 6 15
If yes, what do you do to relieve the pain
a) Take pain killers 11 27.5
15 b) Use heat compressions 21 52.5
c) Use ayurvedic herbal supplements 5 12.5
d) None of the above 3 7.5

Table 1.1 suggests that according to the analysis made  Most of nursing students eat the junk foods and
based on the demographical variables, some not take the junk food.
 Most of the age of nursing students were 19 years  Most of nursing student‟s source of information is
(10 %) and less were of above 21 years (5%) the health personnel.
 Most of weight of nursing students was 45 to 50kgs  Most of menarche of nursing students were start
and less were of the above and below 45 to 50kgs. between 12-14 years and rest above and below the
 Most of height of nursing students were 140 to 12 and 14 age.
145cm and less were of the above and below 140  Most of the menstruating days of the nursing
and 145cm. students were 4-5days and rest will menstruate for
 Most of BMI of the nursing students were 22 to more or less than 4 and 5days.
25and less were of the above the 25.  Most of the family member was not having the
 Most of eating habits of nursing students were eat PCOS and rest the family member have the history
street food and rest were eat the other foods. of PCOS.
 Most of menstrual cycle of nursing students was  Most of nursing students were experience the
irregular and rest were repeat after fix time period. menstrual cramps during the menstrual cycle and
 Most of family income of nursing students were less rest will not experience menstrual cramps.
than 10000/month and rest were above  Most of nursing students use heat compressing
10000/month. relieve menstrual pain other use other pain relieving
 Most of mothers of the nursing students were options.
illiterate and less was literate.

TOTAL QUESTIONS = 30
TOTAL SAMPLES = 40(N)
Figure 1.1: reveals that among 40 nursing students, most of them 32 (80%) had inadequate knowledge, 8 (20%)
had moderate knowledge; no one had adequate knowledge in pre-test. 32(80%) had adequate knowledge, 7(17-
5%) had moderate knowledge, 1(2.5%) had inadequate knowledge in post-test.

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Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

SECTION II: DATA ON ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AMONG NURSING STUDENTS

Table 2: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Pre-Test and Post-Test Level of knowledge Among Nursing
Students.
N=40
PRE TEST POST TEST
SR NO Level Of Knowledge Frequency Percentage Percentage
Frequency (f)
(f) (%) (%)
1 Inadequate knowledge 32 80 1 2.5
2 Moderate knowledge 8 20 7 17.5
3 Adequate knowledge 0 0 32 80
Total 40 100 40 100

Table 2.1: reveals that among 40 nursing students, most knowledge in pre-test. 32(80%) had adequate
of them 32 (80%) had inadequate knowledge, 8 (20%) knowledge, 7(17-5%) had moderate knowledge, 1(2.5%)
had moderate knowledge; no one had adequate had inadequate knowledge in post-test.

Figure 3: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Pre-Test and Post-Test Level of knowledge Among Nursing
Students.

Hence the stated hypothesis (H1) was accepted. It was Summary of the Study
inferred that the mean post-test level of knowledge The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of
score was more than the pre-test level of knowledge, structured planned teaching.
score. There is a significant difference between the mean
pre and post-test level of knowledge among nursing The Objectives of the Study were
students. Thus structured planned teaching regarding  To assess the level of knowledge regarding
polycystic ovarian syndrome was proven to be effective Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among nursing
on the level of knowledge among nursing students. students.
 To administer the Structured planned teaching
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.
RECOMMENDATIONS  To determine the effectiveness of structured planned
teaching on the level of knowledge regarding
This chapter presents a brief account of the present
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among nursing
study. Conclusions are drawn from the findings and the
students.
implications of the result are stated. It also includes
recommendations and implications for the nursing  To find out association of between post test level of
practice, nursing education, nursing administration and knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
nursing research. among nursing students and their selected
demographic variables.

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 Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

Pre experimental one group pre-test and post-test design CONCLUSION

was used to assess the effectiveness of structured
The main conclusion drawn in this present study was
planned teaching on knowledge regarding polycystic
majority of the nursing students had moderate,
ovarian syndrome among nursing students in selected
inadequate level of knowledge. After structured planned
college of nursing in metropolititan city Mumbai
teaching regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome the
level of knowledge was increased significantly.
The 40 samples were selected by non-probability
Implication of the Study According to Tolsma (1995),
convenient sampling technique with inclusion criteria.
the section of the research report that focuses on nursing
implication usually includes specific suggestions for
The data collection tool consisted of 2 parts.
nursing practice, nursing education, nursing
administration and nursing research.
Part 1 Demographic variables.
Part 2 structured multiple choice questionnaires to
Nursing Practice
assess the level of knowledge regarding Polycystic
The nurses can
Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls. Prior to data
 Learn accurate assessment of level of knowledge by
collection permission was obtained from the Principal of
using Self administered questionnaire.
C.O.N SIR J J hospital Mumbai. In this study 40 nursing
students were involved.  Structured planned teaching can be incorporated in
nursing as specific health education measures to
On day 1, before giving structured multiple choice teach about Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among
questionnaire, the purpose of the study was explained to nursing students
nursing students with self introduction.  The nursing personnel can be able to develop
specific knowledge and skill in providing health
Pre test questionnaire were given to the sample and they education regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
took 15-20 minutes for answering it. among adolescent girls.

On day 1 after surveying with pre test, structured Nursing Education

teaching programme on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome  The Structured planned teaching can be taught to all
was given for 45 minutes through LCD projector. the nursing students to upgrade their knowledge on
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent
On 7th day the same questionnaire was provided to the girls.
samples and were asked them to answer, they took 10-15  The Structured planned teaching can be taught to
minutes to complete the questionnaire. The collected nursing students posted in gynecological department
data were analyzed by using both descriptive statistics to provide health education.
and inferential statistics paired„t‟ test.  Nursing Administration
 In service education program can be organized for
Major Study Findings The major study findings the nurses on polycystic ovarian syndrome.
were,  The nurse can become an effective coordinator and
 With regard to the knowledge most of them had leader by arranging the health education program at
inadequate knowledge in pretest and most of them various settings.
had adequate knowledge in post-test.
 With regard to the effectiveness of structured Nursing Research
planned teaching on knowledge regarding Polycystic  Findings of the study can be added to the research
Ovarian Syndrome among nursing students, the review regarding the effectiveness of Structured
mean post-test knowledge score was 21.3 more than planned teaching regarding Polycystic Ovarian
the mean pre-test knowledge score was 6.8. The Syndrome to increased knowledge among
obtained„t‟ value was highly significant. adolescent girls.
 The study findings can be used as the baseline data
The study revealed that structured planned teaching was and further studies can be conducted and expand the
effective in improving the level of knowledge regarding study in various fields. Limitations
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.  The study was limited to 6 weeks.
 With regard to the association between the  The study was limited to student nurses in selected
knowledge with their selected demographic nursing college in mumbai.
variables in the present study findings revealed that
there was a significant association between the Recommendations
knowledge among nursing students.  The same study can be replicated on large sample to
generalize the findings among the nursing students
and adolescents‟ girls.
 The same study can be conducted in different
settings.

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 Gajbe et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

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