Child and Adolescent Development

Mid-term Examination

Name: Bansag, Wilden M. Year & Section: III BTLED-HE

TEST I. TRUE OR FALSE

Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Write T on the line if the statement is TRUE
and F the if you think the statement is FALSE.

F 1. Development refers to the physical change and increase in size and it can be measured.

T 2. Fine motor skills are the ability to use the smaller muscles in the arm, hands, and fingers
purposely

T 3. Adequate nutrition contributes to a continuous brain growth, rapid skeletal, and muscular
development.

F 4. Glaucoma is an inherited condition which begins with the loss of night vision and leads to
gradually decreasing peripheral vision.

T 5. Attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders

affecting children

F 6. Chomsky proposes the Language Acquisition Support System (LASS).

T 7. In the fluent reading stage children have learned to read, decode unfamiliar words, and
recognize words automatically.

F 8. Hearing disorder refers to any systematic deviation in the way people speak, listen, read, write, or
sign that interferes with their ability to communicate with their peers.

T 9. Aphasia is the loss of ability to use and understand language.

T 10. In bilingualism homes, infants readily discriminate between the two languages phonologically
and grammatically.

F 11. Affective refers to the part of mental functions that deals with logic

F 12. Symbolic Function is the tendency of the child to only see his point of view and to assume that
everyone also has his/her same point of view.

T 13. Vygotsky proposes the socio-cultural theory of development.

T 14. Scaffolding when done appropriately can make learner confident and eventually he can
accomplish the task with a need for assistance.
F 15. Macrosystem is the layer nearest the child.

T 16. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a mathematical formula that is defined as the ratio of chronological
age (CA) to mental age (MA multiplied by 100.

T 17. Down Syndrome-is characterized by a distinct physical appearance, and physical and mental
retardation.

T 18. Sigmund Freud (1940) said that each of us goes through six (6) successive psychosexual stages.

T 19. If the child does not experience success - if his/her efforts are treated as unworthy and
intrusive - the child will develop a sense of inferiority.

T 20. Positive resolution of any developmental crisis simply means that the positive quality of that
stage is present to a greater degree than the negative quality.

T 21. A symbolic model, which involves real or fictional characters displaying behaviors in books,
films, television programs, or online media.

F 22. The reproduced behavior is independent on other cognitive skills, that includes feedback from
others.

T 23. Self-motivation means trying to feel more enthusiastic and developing more zeal and confidence
to arrive at concrete achievement.

T 24. Postconventional morality refers to judgments based on the rules or conventions of society;
behaviors that maintain the social order are considered good behaviors.

T 25. Gilligan’s theory is called a “morality of care and responsibility”.

TEST II. ESSAY

INSTRUCTION: Answer all the question. (5 points each)

1. Differentiate Growth and Development.

Growth is a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important, mostly
a physical change; development is a process in which something transforms (mostly positive)
into a different stage or improves, it may be physical, social or psychological. There is a marked
difference with which the two words, growth and development, can be used.

2. Why is it important to know if our student/s have exceptional development?

It is very important to be aware of children's development so that I know which stages of their
development they are at. Knowledge of children's development also enables me to determine
whether the child as at the correct stage of development or not. As an educator, it is important
that I know about Physical, Intellectual, Emotional and Social development.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of bilingualism?

 Our native language shapes the ways in which we see the world, demarcating the boundary
between what we can name, and what is beyond our experience. Logically, the more words we
know, the more things we know about the world. Now think about a child that grows up
speaking two or more different languages – the world of meanings available to this child will be
much wider than one experienced by other children.

4. How does the Knowledge on the Linguistic and Literacy Development of Children and
Adolescents helps you as a future educator?
Teaching and learning through an additional language encourages understanding between
cultures, improves students’ cognitive ability and prepares them for life beyond school. … The
ability to use more than one language means we can communicate with people from diverse
linguistic and cultural backgrounds.

5. Why learning cognitive development is important?

Cognitive learning is an immersive and active process that engages your senses in a constructive
and long-lasting way. It teaches you to maximize your brain’s potential and makes it easier to
connect new information with existing ideas, deepening the memory and retention capacity.

Instead of emphasizing memorization as in the traditional classroom method of learning,

cognitive learning focuses on past knowledge. It trains you to reflect on the material and
connect it with past knowledge for more robust learning. This not only makes cognitive learning
a more effective way of gaining knowledge, but it also makes you a better learner for the long-
term.

6. Discuss how can you apply your learning about cognitive development in your profession as a
teacher.
With cognitive learning strategies, you can become a powerful public speaker, a visionary leader
or a motivated team player who helps your organization achieve its goals and objectives.
In cognitive learning, students learn by doing. This hands-on approach makes learning
immersive and promotes comprehension. Thus, you can develop a deeper understanding of the
material and its application to your work and life.

Problem-solving skills are critical at any level of leadership. The cognitive learning approach
enhances your ability to develop this core skill and helps them to apply it to every aspect of their
job.

Cognitive learning can also improve confidence in your ability to handle challenges at work. This
is because it promotes problem-solving skills and makes it easier to learn new things within a
short period.

7. Discuss the difference of interpersonal intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence.

It involves effective verbal and nonverbal communication, the ability to note distinctions among
others, sensitivity to the moods and temperaments of others, and the ability to entertain
 multiple perspectives. Teachers, social workers, actors, and politicians all exhibit interpersonal
intelligence.

8. Interpersonal intelligence refers to the ability to understand social situations and the behavior
of other people, whereas intrapersonal intelligence refers to the ability to understand one's own
behavior, thoughts, and feelings.
9. Explain the stage of developmental crisis “identity vs role diffusion”.
During this stage, the family finally loses its place of primacy as a social institution, as peer
groups and outgroups become the most significant social institutions. According to Erikson,
childhood comes to an end when a person has developed the skills and tools to proceed into
adulthood. First, however, there is the period in which one’s body changes from a child to an
adult: puberty. Known psychologically as adolescence, it is a period in which each person must
determine how they will fit their particular skills into the adult world of their culture. This
requires forming one’s identity. The fidelity that Erikson speaks of refers to the ability to remain
true to oneself and to one’s significant others. This period is easiest for children who are gifted
and well trained in the pursuit of clear goals, and also for children who receive a good deal of
affirmation.

10. What happen on the stage 1: obedience and punishment of Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral
Development?
Stage 1 focuses on the child’s desire to obey rules and avoid being punished. For example, an
action is perceived as morally wrong because the perpetrator is punished; the worse the
punishment for the act is, the more “bad” the act is perceived to be.
11. Discuss Individual Survival in Gilligan’s stage of Moral Development

Gilligan proposed the Stages of the Ethics of Care theory, which addresses what makes actions 'right' or
'wrong'. Gilligan's theory focused on both care-based morality and justice-based morality.

Care-based morality is based on the following principles:

 Emphasizes interconnectedness and universality.

 Acting justly means avoiding violence and helping those in need.
 Care-based morality is thought to be more common in girls because of their connections to their
mothers.
 Because girls remain connected to their mothers, they are less inclined to worry about issues of
fairness.

Justice-based morality is based on the following principles:

 Views the world as being composed of autonomous individuals who interact with another.
 Acting justly means avoiding inequality.
 Is thought to be more common in boys because of their need to differentiate between themselves
and their mothers.
 Because they are separated from their mothers, boys become more concerned with the concept of
inequality.