Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Introduction 4 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Dan Lim
    22 views17 pages
    This document provides an introduction to analytical chemistry. It defines analytical chemistry as the branch of chemistry focused on characterizing matter through various measurement and analysis techniques. Both qualitative analysis, which identifies sample constituents, and quantitative analysis, which determines constituent amounts, are discussed. Classical methods like gravimetry and volumetry are outlined as well as instrumental methods involving spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemistry, and other coupled techniques. Analytical methods are also classified based on sample size, constituent concentration levels, and whether the analysis is complete or partial.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    1._Introduction__4_.pptx.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    This document provides an introduction to analytical chemistry. It defines analytical chemistry as the branch of chemistry focused on characterizing matter through various measurement and analysis techniques. Both qualitative analysis, which identifies sample constituents, and quantitative analysis, which determines constituent amounts, are discussed. Classical methods like gravimetry and volumetry are outlined as well as instrumental methods involving spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemistry, and other coupled techniques. Analytical methods are also classified based on sample size, constituent concentration levels, and whether the analysis is complete or partial.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views17 pages

    Introduction 4 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Dan Lim
    This document provides an introduction to analytical chemistry. It defines analytical chemistry as the branch of chemistry focused on characterizing matter through various measurement and analysis techniques. Both qualitative analysis, which identifies sample constituents, and quantitative analysis, which determines constituent amounts, are discussed. Classical methods like gravimetry and volumetry are outlined as well as instrumental methods involving spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemistry, and other coupled techniques. Analytical methods are also classified based on sample size, constituent concentration levels, and whether the analysis is complete or partial.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    ANALYTICAL

    CHEMISTRY
    (Chem 105)

    INTRODUCTION
    DEFINITIONS
    Analytical Chemistry – branch of
    chemistry involved with the
    characterization of matter. A
    chemical characterization
    consists of all the methods,
    measurement and techniques
    which are employed to gain
    information about the structure
    and composition of matter.
    DEFINITIONS
    Qualitative Analysis – involves
    detection or identification of the
    constituents which comprise the
    sample being analyzed.
    It answers the question: “What
    is the sample made of?”
    Results are expressed in words,
    names or symbols of particular
    chemical species.
    DEFINITIONS
    Quantitative Analysis – determines
    the absolute or relative amounts of
    one or more of the constituents.
    It answers the Question: “How
    much of a particular constituent is
    present?”
    Results are expressed in terms of
    numbers and units.
    THE ANALYTICAL
    METHODS
    I. CLASSICAL METHODS
    1.1 Gravimetry - involves
    isolation and/or conversion of
    a sought-for substance into
    pure form that can be
    weighed directly or indirectly.
    Examples: Volatilization
    Methods; Extraction
    Methods; Precipitation
    Methods
    I. CLASSICAL METHODS
    1.2 Volumetry - employs direct or
    indirect measurement of volume.
    Examples:
     Neutralization Methods
    (Acidimetry and Alkalimetry)
     Oxidation-Reduction Methods
    Oxidimetry (Permanganimetry,

    Iodimetry, Dichromate, Ceric, etc)


    Reductimetry (Iodometry, Iron (II),

    Chromium (II) method, etc.)


    II. Instrumental or Modern
    Method – uses instrument as
    principal measuring device
    other than those employed in
    conventional gravimetric or
    volumetric analyses.
    Types of Instrumental Methods
    1. Electrochemical Method –
    involves measurement of
    current, potential or
    conductivity accompanying
    chemical reactions.
    Examples: Voltammetry;
    Polarography; Potentiometry;
    Amperometry; Coulometry;
    Conductometry; etc.
    Types of Instrumental Methods
    2.Spectroscopic Method - utilizes
    interaction of matter with electromagnetic
    radiation by measuring the nature and
    degree of absorption or emission of light.
     Examples: Ultraviolet and Visible
    Spectroscopy (UV-Vis); Nuclear Magnetic
    Resonance(NMR) Spectroscopy; Infrared
    and Raman Spectroscopy; Molecular
    Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Flame
    Emission; Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
    (AAS); X-ray Spectrometry; Mass
    Spectrometry, etc.
    Types of Instrumental Methods
    3. Chromatographic Methods -
    involves separation of sample
    components.
    Examples: Paper and Thin-
    Layer Chromatography; High
    Performance Liquid
    Chromatography (HPLC); Ion
    Chromatography (IC); Gas
    Chromatography (GC); etc.
    Types of Instrumental Methods
    4. Thermoanalytical Method -
    involves manipulation of
    temperature to produce the
    measured parameter.\
    Examples: Calorimetry;
    Thermogravimetry (TG);
    Differential Thermal Analysis
    (DTA); etc.
    Types of Instrumental Methods
    5.Coupled Method - combines two
    or more instrumental methods to
    enhance analytical performance.
    Examples: Gas Chromatography
    with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS);
    High Performance Liquid
    Chromatography with
    Electrochemical Detection (HPLC-
    EC), etc.
    Classification of Analytical Methods
    1. According to Sample Size
    Method Sample MassSample
    Volume
    macro > 100 mg > 100 μL
    semimicro 10-100 mg 50-100 μL
    micro 1-10 mg < 50 μL
    ultramicro< 1 mg
    Classification of Analytical Methods
    2. According to Sample Constituents
    major> 1%

    minor 0.01 – 1%

    trace 0.001 – 0.01%

    ultra-trace < 0.001%


    Classification of Analytical Methods
    3. Other Classifications
    Complete (or ultimate) and
    Partial Elemental and
    Molecular
    Steps Common to All Analytical
    Methods

    STEPS COMMON TO ALL ANA


    LYTICAL METHODS.docx

    You might also like