Work Sheet

ACTIVITY 1:
WHAT HAPPENED IN 1897
NOVEMBER 1
1897
DECEMBER 15
1897
DECEMBER 27
1897
AVTIVITY 2:
1. Filipino revolutionary leaders approved a new constitution for a new government. This
became the ______ Republic.
2. A movement lead by Aguinaldo.
3. The president of Biak na Bato Republic.
4. The first document known as the ____ in the pact of biak na bato.
5. The second document know as the _____ in the pact of biak na bato.
ACTIVITY 1:
NOVEMBER 1
1897
DECEMBER 15
1897
DECEMBER 27
1897
AVTIVITY 2:
ACTIVITY 1:
NOVEMBER 1
1897
DECEMBER 15
1897
DECEMBER 27
1897
AVTIVITY 2:
ACTIVITY 1:
NOVEMBER 1
1897
DECEMBER 15
1897
DECEMBER 27
1897
AVTIVITY 2:
‘’Philippine Revolution under Aguinaldo’s Leadership and the Infiltration of the
American’s’’
I. THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION:
The revolution continues in the wake of the Supremo’s death at the hands of our fellow Filipinos,
led by Aguinaldo. Cavite became the new theater of operations after Manila. It was the period
when Magdalo and Magdiwang finally came together. Together, they joined the Revolutionary
Government in the battle against their shared foe, the Spaniards.
II. BIAK NA BATO GOVERNMENT:
After the death of Bonifacio, the revolution went from bad to worse for the Filipinos. Aguinaldo
lost one battle to after another. The new Spanish governor general, Fernando de Rivera, brought
fresh reinforcement from Spain. Aguinaldo moved his war camp many times way from Cavite.
Finally he hid in the mountain barrio of Biaknabato, San Miguel, Bulacan. On November 1, 1897
the Filipino revolutionary leaders approved a constitution for a new government. This became
the Biak na Bato Republic. It lasted only a short time, from November 1 to December 30, 1897.
Aguinaldo was again elected as president of the Biak na Bato.
III. PACT OF BIAK NA BATO:
Pedro Paterno,a Spaniard born on the Philippines volunteered to act as negotiator between
Aguinaldo and Gov. Primo de Rivera in order to end the clashes. Paternos effort paid off when
on, December 15, 1897, Aguinaldo, representative of revolutionaries and Primo de Rivera
representative of the Spanish government sign the Pact.
The pact contained three important documents as follows:
After receiving a partial payment of P400,000, Aguinaldo and other revolutionary leaders left
for Hong Kong on December 27, 1897. Some Filipino generals, however, did not believe in the
sincerity of the Spaniards. They refused to surrender their arms.
The Biak-na-Bato Pact Fails.

The Filipino’s and the Spaniards did not trust each other. As a result, periodic clashes between
the two groups still took place even after Aguinaldo’s departure from the country. The Spanish
did not pay the entire agreed amount.
The infiltration of the Americans

Why the American Came to the Philippines.
1. The Spanish-American War. A war broke up between the United States and Spain on April
25, 1898. A few months earlier, on the night of February 15, 1898, the American warship Maine
was blown up at the harbor of Havana, Cuba. It caused the death of 260 U.S. Navy officers and
men. The warship was in Cuba to help the Cubans in their revolution against Spain. The
American people got angry with Spain. “Remember the Maine!” became the war slogan of those
who wanted America to fight against Spain.
2. New Lands. The United States wanted new lands in Asia for their businessmen to develop and
to trade. The Philippines was close to China and Hawaii, where the United States had large
business interests. It was still the age of colonialism. So, any Big Power could grab a colony.
After Spain lost its colonies, the United States got the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
Germany bought the Marianas Islands from Spain.
3. American Bases. The United States was also looking for Asian naval bases and shipping ports.
It needed these bases to refuel, repair and supply its growing navy and com- mercial ships. The
Americans had been allowed to use British facilities in Hong Kong. But they wanted their own
naval and shipping facilities. The Philippines had many excellent naval bases and ports.
4. The policy of “Manifest Destiny.” The Americans believed it as their mission to civilize the
Filipinos, to educate and train them for democracy, and to make them better Chris- tians. This
was the so-called policy of “Mani- fest Destiny.” Its champion was U.S. President William
McKinley, who decided to keep the Philippines as a colony of America. The Americans thought
the Filipinos were not yet civilized. That we were not yet really Christians. That we did not know
how to manage our own government. They thought it was the “white man’s a burden” to help the
colored people improve. Of course, the Filipinos were shocked to know this. But we could not do
anything to stop it.
5. The Filipino invitation. In fact, the Filipinos asked the Americans to come and help them
fight the Spaniards in the Philippines. Aguinaldo and his friends thought the fight the Americans
would help the Filipinos with their independence like they did in Cuba. So Aguinaldo talked with
Commodore George Dewey, head of the U.S. Navy Asiatic Squadron, and American consular
officials in Singapore and Hong Kong. Aguinaldo also gave them money to buy arms for the
Filipinos. Later on, these arms did not arrive. The Filipinos found out too late that the Americans
had fooled them.
IV. AMERICAN INFILTRATION IN THE PHILIPPINES:

Due to that explosion on April 25, 1898, the United States declared war against Spain. The
causes of their conflict were many, but according to the American government the immediate
one was the first overseas war fought by the United States using their steel ships that brought
superiority to the name of America in their naval forces in the world at that time.
Again the question is how the Philippines got into this conflict. The American Spanish War was
because of Cuba.
The Philippines was silent after the Pact of Biak na Bato, because all of the tough revolutionary
leaders of the Philippines led by General Emilio Aguinaldo were exiled in Hong Kong. But even
though they went into silence, according to Aguinaldo the fight still continued. They re-
established their grouped and they called themselves and looked for the proper timing to come
back here in the Philippines to once again fight for the Philippine Independence.
Perhaps because of the distance and means of communication the revolutionists themselves again
subdivided through misunderstandings. Discontentment arose that made several changes in the
membership due to resignation of some members both in the Philippines and Hong Kong.
While in abroad, Aguinaldo continued his aim of reclaiming the Independence from Spain. He
went to Singapore to meet a friend and somehow to ask update about the situation of the
Philippines and the gather news about the conflict between America and Spain.
V. BATTLE OF MANILA BAY

Commodore Dewey, commander of the U.S. Navy Asiatic Squadron, was already in Hong Kong
and heard the news of the outbreak of the Spanish-American War. He was ordered by the U.S.
government go at once to the Philippines and destroy the Spanish navy there. The American
squadron passed during the night through Corregidor and surprised the Spanish navy at Manila
Bay. The Battle of Manila Bay was finished in one day, May 1, 1898 and the Americans won.
It was known as the well-known Battle of Manila Bay, where the Spanish losses estimated at
more than 370 troops and all their warship known as Armada, while American casualties were
fewer than 10. The victory in Manilla Bay cleared the way for the US occupation of Manila in
August and the eventual transfer of the Philippines from Spanish control.
The Return of Aguinaldo. After George Dewey’s victory of Manila Bay, the Filipino war
leaders returned to the Philippines. At first, they were given help by the Americans. Aguinaldo
and his friends left Hong Kong onboard the McCullough, Dewey’s dispatch ship. They arrived at
Cavite on May fooled 19, 1898.
Aguinaldo met with Dewey. Both men were happy to see each other. The Filipinos and the
Americans agreed to fight together against the Spaniards. Aguinaldo believed the Americans
came to help the Filipinos win their independence. He told the Filipinos: “Whenever you see the
American flag, there flock in numbers. They are our redeemers.
THIRD PRONG ACTIVITY

Teacher: A sheet of paper and a pen will be distributed to each group. After I read the question
aloud, you should write your answers on the paper before I will asked to raise the papers.
Q1. Commander of the U.S Navy Asiatic Squadron. Commander Dewey

a. Commander Dewey b. Commander Fernando
Q2. The United States wanted ___ ____ in Asia for their businessmen to develop and trade. New
Lands
a. New Lands b. Battle ship
Q3. The American’s believed it as their mission to civilize the Filipinos, to educate and train
them for democracy, and to make them better Christians. This was also called the policy of?
‘’Manifest Destiny.’’
a. Manifest Land b. Manifest Destiny
Q4. On November 1, 1897 the Filipino revolutionary leaders approved a constitution for a new
Government, this government is? Biak na Bato Republic/Government
a. Biak na Bato intimacy b. Biak na Bato Republic
Q5. Before Aguinaldo, who was the previous leader of the Philippine Revolution? Bonifacio
a. Agoncillo b. Mabini c. Magdiwang d. Bonifacio
Q6. How much is the partial payment thas has given to the Filipinos before Aguinaldo and the
other revolutionaries left for Hong Kong? 400,000
a. 800,000 . b. 400,000
Q7. A war that broke between Spanish and American on? April 25, 1898
a. April, 1898 b. April 25, 1898 c. April 25, 1998
*Have the students reflect on what the teacher has discussed, ask a question that will help them
reflect and ask the students if there are any clarifications. After this, the teacher then give the
group assignment.
Group Assignment: Testing Your Knowledge!
With the same group, look for a pictures of some important events that happens in the Philippine
History and write something that describe your picture. Paste this in any kind of materials that
will able you to make your output more creative. (50pts)
Closure:
Collecting of the outputs
Cleaning the area
Closing prayer
IV. FOURTH PRONG

V. Conclusion
Numerous lessons can be learned from the 1986 Philippine Revolution. Because the revolution was
not effectively planned, the Filipinos lost a lot of fights and lives. The Katipunan’s discovery was the
sole thing that made them fight. The fight for freedom is demonstrated by the Filipino people.
Numerous people received punishment, but these martyrs and heroes only increased the willingness
of other Filipinos to fight for their freedom and even give their lives for it.
Filipinos trusted Americans and were unaware that they too intended to colonize the country. The
city of Manila could have been taken by the Filipinos. But the secret deal between Spain and United
States cheated the Filipinos of the real victory. Although the Filipinos defeated Spain in their
revolution, Spain nonetheless surrendered the Philippines to the United States.

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ACTIVITY 1:

WHAT HAPPENED IN 1897

The pact contained three important documents as follows:

The Biak-na-Bato Pact Fails.

The infiltration of the Americans

IV. AMERICAN INFILTRATION IN THE PHILIPPINES:

V. BATTLE OF MANILA BAY

THIRD PRONG ACTIVITY

Q1. Commander of the U.S Navy Asiatic Squadron. Commander Dewey

IV. FOURTH PRONG

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