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    The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from donor molecules to acceptor molecules via redox reactions. This transfer of electrons is coupled to the pumping of protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. As protons diffuse back across the membrane into the mitochondrial matrix, their potential energy is used to synthesize ATP through chemiosmosis.

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    An electron transport chain

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    The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from donor molecules to acceptor molecules via redox reactions. This transfer of electrons is coupled to the pumping of protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. As protons diffuse back across the membrane into the mitochondrial matrix, their potential energy is used to synthesize ATP through chemiosmosis.

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    120 views2 pages

    An Electron Transport Chain

    Uploaded by

    Ardrian Siziba
    The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from donor molecules to acceptor molecules via redox reactions. This transfer of electrons is coupled to the pumping of protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. As protons diffuse back across the membrane into the mitochondrial matrix, their potential energy is used to synthesize ATP through chemiosmosis.

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    An electron transport chain (ETC is a series of protein complexes and other molecules that

    transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both
    reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the
    transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. Many of the enzymes in the electron
    transport chain are membrane-bound (Fiona,2010).

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mitochondrial_electron_transport_chain%E2%80%94Etc4.svg

    The electron transport chain involves a series of redox reactions that relies on protein
    complexes to transfer electrons from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule. As a result of
    these reactions, the proton gradient is produced, enabling mechanical work to be converted
    into chemical energy, allowing ATP synthesis. The complexes are embedded in the inner
    mitochondrial membrane called the cristae in eukaryotes.

    The electrons begin their reactions in Complex I, continuing onto Complex II, traversed to
    Complex III and cytochrome c via coenzyme Q, and then finally to Complex IV. The
    complexes themselves are complex-structured proteins embedded in the phospholipid
    membrane. They are combined with a metal ion, such as iron, to help with proton expulsion
    into the intermembrane space as well as other functions. The complexes also undergo
    conformational changes to allow openings for the transmembrane movement of protons.
    Where Does the Electron Transport Chain Occur?

    During the process, a proton gradient is created when the protons are pumped from the
    mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of the cell, which also helps in driving
    ATP production. Often, the use of a proton gradient is referred to as the chemiosmotic
    mechanism that drives ATP synthesis since it relies on a higher concentration of protons to
    generate “proton motive force”. The amount of ATP created is directly proportional to the
    number of protons that are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

    The electron transport chain involves a series of redox reactions that relies on protein
    complexes to transfer electrons from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule. As a result of
    these reactions, the proton gradient is produced, enabling mechanical work to be converted
    into chemical energy, allowing ATP synthesis. The complexes are embedded in the inner
    mitochondrial membrane called the cristae in eukaryotes.

    Reference List
    Lyall, Fiona (2010). "Biochemistry". Basic Science in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. pp. 143–
    171. doi:10.1016/B978-0-443-10281-3.00013-0. ISBN 978-0-443-10281-3.

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