Dec 2020

JOURNAL
OF
THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS
REFEREED JOURNAL OF IIA ISSN-0019-4913 2020 DECEMBER VOLUME 85 ISSUE 12 100
VOL-85/ISSUE-12 DECEMBER 2020
04 Editorial - Ar. Anand Palaye
05 President’s Message - Ar. Divya Kush
06 Mapping The Lost Identity Of Heritage Structures While Digging The

Foundation For New - Ar. Mrunal Garud
11 Impact of Lockdown on The Architecture and Planning in Near Future -

Ar. Manish Gode
15 Life at the Edge of Water - Ar. Mrinalini Sane
21 Building Resilience and Antifragility - COVID-19 : CALL FOR IDEAS
26 JIIA One Year Subscription Form
27 An Integrated Design for Shopping Centre and Transportation Hub at

Shivajinagar, Bangalore - Mr. Shreyas Varun K., Ms. Shreelaxmi S. &
Ms. Misha Khatija
33 Changing Land Dynamics Due To Urban Sprawl - Ar. Shubhangi Saxena &
Ar. Varsha Singh
41 Arabian Sea Oceanarium : Place To Call Home For Marine Life - Ar. Anirudha S.
Adivarekar
46 Welcome New IIA Members
46 A Tribute to Mr. Vijay Kumar Tribhuwan
47 Advertisement Tariff Chart
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2006. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or IIA OFFICE BEARERS 2015-2017
by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval
Ar Divya Kush - President
system without permission in writing from THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS.
Only materials accompanied by stamped and self-addressed envelopes can be returned. No responsibility is Ar Prakash Deshmukh - Imm Past President
taken for damage or safe return by the Editor of JIIA. The Editor of the THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF
ARCHITECTS takes no responsibility for author's opinion expressed in the signed articles. Ar Vilas V. Avachat - Vice President
Printed & Published by Ar Anand Palaye on behalf of The Indian Institute of Architects and Ar Amogh Kumar Gupta - Jr Vice President
printed by Krishna Graphics, A-511, Royal Sands, A-Wing, 5th Floor, Behind Citi Mall, Shastri Nagar,
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Website : www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com
Editor : Ar Divya Kush R.N.I. No.9469/57 Ar Anand Palaye - Chairman -
Email : [email protected] Publication Board &
Printer’s Email : [email protected] Executive Editor, JIIA
EDITORIAL
EDITORIAL
Ar. Anand Palaye
Dear Fellow Members and Readers,
Greetings for the upcoming new year 2021, with a hope that it will usher in health and peace into our
world.
We are now at the end of our long and extended term, and I have a lot of mixed feelings about this.
On one hand, I am happy that we could work as a core IIA team for a longer period of time and provide
our readers professionally relevant information. On the other hand, the reasons for this extended
tenure were very unusual. It is my most sincere wish that the such a situation is not repeated again.
The dreadful COVID-19 pandemic was a game changer that caused a lot of pain and misery, but it also
brought out the resilience of the entire society in so many ways.
The IIA has numerous achievements to its credit, which are there for all to see. Successfully adapting
to the digital platforms, holding of regular meetings and a National Convention with international
participation on-line is one of the major milestones achieved.
A deeply reassuring factor I noted was the level of thinking and the sensitive, responsive approach
shown by the architectural community, especially the younger members. This makes me feel very
optimistic about the future of architecture in our nation.
As always, in this issue, we present many interesting articles and papers covering
Heritage Structures, Essays on ideas to counter pandemic-related problems, Transit-related
development, changing Land Dynamics, Life at the edge of water, and an Oceanarium in the
Arabian Sea that our readers will find useful and interesting.
To conclude, I wish the IIA and the incoming team, great success and I firmly believe that our great
Institute will rise to even greater levels in future.
Wish you all a great future.
Ar. Anand Palaye

Chairman - Publication Board & Executive Editor, JIIA
04 www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS DECEMBER 2020

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
Ar. Divya Kush
Warm Greetings & A Very Happy, Healthy and Prosperous New Year 2021.
Friends, year 2020 has been a particularly difficult year not only for all of us in the profession
but equally or possibly more so for most sections of our society world over due to the spread of
the Pandemic, COVID 19. Suffering was particularly heart breaking & killing for our brother's
and sister's at the bottom of the Pyramid of our society.
However, as always our profession like most others not only stood the ground with fortitude,
courage and remarkable empathy for the fellow citizens. The selfless service of the Cover
Warriors, however out shines above all.
After initial state of shock and uncertainty, we all did our best to get back to normal. Various
initiatives were taken by The Indian Institute of Architects at all levels to conduct
Seminars, Conferences, Workshops, Competitions etc. including but not limited to organising
a very successful online IIA Natcon 19 and the launch of IIA CAD.
The IIA Elections, which were already long overdue were also announced and the voting
process was concluded on December 28th, 2020. The results will be announced shortly in early
January, 2021.
I take this opportunity, to wish best of luck to all the candidates who have offered to commit
their valuable time in the service of the Institute.
I am sure, the newly elected members for various positions will take the profession of the
Institute to much greater heights during their tenure.
This issue has in it many interesting articles and papers along with the short listed entries of the
Design Ideas Competition on the theme “Building Resilience & Anti Fragility”.
Once again wishing you a very Happy, Healthy and Prosperous New Year.
Ar. Divya Kush

President,
The Indian Institute of Architects
DECEMBER 2020 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com 05

MAPPING THE LOST IDENTITY OF HERITAGE STRUCTURES WHILE DIGGING THE FOUNDATION FOR NEW
Mapping The Lost Identity Of Heritage Structures

While Digging The Foundation For New
Ar. Mrunal Garud - Email : [email protected]
Ar. Mrunal Garud, being Alumni student of St. Joseph's Convent High School, Jalgaon and graduating
(B.Arch) from Sinhgad College of Architecture, Pune (2015), for gaining post qualification experience,
I worked with an architectural firms for 3 years seeking experience in housing schemes like DSKs, and
Paranjpes, Educational Institutions, Residential and Commercial Complexes, Interiors and
Landscapes etc. Currently practicing at Nashik in Individual capacity giving architectural, interior and
contracting services to clients.
Work experience : (1) Environs India, Pune (2) PlanArch, Pune (3) Design Consultant Architects,
Pune (4) Currently Independently practicing at Nashik.
Picture Credit : Pinterest.com
It all started when I was amused looking at the glimpses of villages and settlements such as Gaurikund and the market
dazzling beauty and structural strength of the Kedarnath town of Ram Bada, had been destroyed. Several houses, shops
temple shown in the movie Kedarnath. We all know about the nearby temple, the path towards temple everything washed
2013 Uttarakhand landslides due to the floods, which away leaving just few signs of their existence. In such nature's
damaged several houses and structures, and which led to fury the temple was standing unharmed as compared to the
unfortunate death of many who were trapped. The heavy rains destroyed recent structures. The temple has flagged its
resulted in large flash floods and massive landslides. Entire identity and stood the test of time and calamities.

I still wonder how did the

temple survive?
And so I decided to dig into

some interesting facts about it.
It is said that the temple of
Kedarnath was under snow for
about 400 years. The temple not
only survived being under the
snow for 400 years but also
escaped any serious damage
from the disaster happened in
2013. So the real question is
how ? The answer to this
question might be sustainability
in construction, its capability of
coping with the damage that
any building is exposed to and
quality as well as excellence in
planning and execution.
The ancient technologies which

were used to construct our
heritage properties are worth
taking example of. During the
early times, there was an Picture 1 : Shows back side of Temple in the aftermath of flood. It is said the huge stone
ecological balance maintained seen in picture saved the temple during the disaster.
between man-made structures
and natural environment. They
believed in collaborating the
nature with the building to
create a pleasing frame so did
not harm the natural beauty of
the environment.
Picture 1 : Shows front side of the Temple and path towards the temple and
damaged surrounding structures.

During the disaster, after the

cloud burst the glacier flooded
from north side of the temple
carrying a huge rock which later
stuck behind the shikhara of the
temple as shown with arrows. It
further swept the surrounding
buildings and it rushed its way
towards south. So following
might be the architectural
reasons behind the survival of
the temple :
Picture 3 : Shows view of the Temple with direction of glacier movements in blue arrows
and position of the huge stone in yellow arrow.
1. Orientation of the temple could be one of the basic 5. The broad base of the Sikhara narrowing towards tip of
reasons behind its survival. Mostly temples face east or the Kalasa is planned so as to transfer any type of wind
west. But this temple is facing south, which is a rare load, snow load, etc. to the base of the structure as
phenomenon. The planning and orientation of the shown by red arrows making it stand in any given
temple might be done taking into consideration the situation.
hierarchy of the terrain and probable danger due to
glaciers.
2. Shikhara being the tallest element in the temple facing
the mountains perpendicularly, its stone based plinth
,foundation and wall thickness could be considerably
deep and thick enough respectively to take all the
pressure and load created by the forced glacier flow,
protecting the rest of the structure from the forceful
impact of sudden flooding glacier all over the temple. Its
walls are 12 feet thick and built from extremely strong
stones and stands on a six-foot high platform. The stone
slabs are interlocked with each other with the use of iron
clamps
3. The huge stone that rolled down towards Shikhara along
with glacier itself, added to the inbuilt strength of the
Shikhara as a protection, helping it to protect the
remaining structure. The amount of glacier that flowed
towards the temple hit the stone and might have
bounced upwards as shown in picture to skip the effect of
the impact to the shikhara.
4. Its inverted lotus-shaped dome does not let snow to
accumulate during the harsh winter months and avoids Picture 4 : Shows back side of the Temple in the aftermath of
creating a pressure to the main structure, thus making it flood. The huge stone behind the temple shikhara is
sturdier. highlighted in yellow.

Picture Credit : Chardham Yatra Picture Credit : Chardham Yatra
WHY DID THE STRUCTURES AROUND TEMPLE NOT SURVIVE

IN THE DISASTER?
1. Kedarnath is situated in the valley surrounded by

Himalayan range of mountains.
2. The location of temple is such that it gave majority way to

the Mandakini river leaving its original path clear unlike
the other structure which were hurdle to its path.
3. Lack of structural stability to face the enormous amount

of glacier pouring on its surfaces led to disaster for the
surrounding.
So where do we lack? Do we need to turn around looking back

and learn?
WALKING THROUGH THE TIMELINE
The answers to these questions are still standing in front of us Picture Credit : Culture Trip
in the form of heritage structures like that of Kedarnath Picture showing Konark Sun Temple
temple and many more till date which speak of its time and
place. For instance, we can consider Indian Architecture right
from Indus Valley Civilisation to Hoysala period to Mughals, Heritage structures having sculptures and paintings of
Marathas to British. Each style of architecture depicted the important happenings in history showing timeline of events is
lifestyle and pattern of living. It inherited unique identity one of the important treasures of historical noting which are
according to different locations. useful for studying the pattern and lifestyle of people of those
eras.
In India, heritage structures stand as monuments reflecting
our involvement in construction, detailing, artistic However, with the significant western influence, welcoming
ornamentation and Climate responsive Architecture, industrialization and technological innovations, there is
procuring the material as well as expertise from within the change of pattern of lifestyle and inclination towards
close vicinity. minimalism.

Picture showing change in different identities of building

according to different places to single identity.
Picture Credit : leewardists
IDENTIFYING THE CHANGES 4. Spending more time on any one structure nowadays is
considered as a monetary loss, which means one cannot
Historic houses help to define a community, create a sense of spare much time in constructing thick walls or in
history and permanence, and contribute to community pride. ornamental detailing, etc.
So the real question is why don't we build such detailed
beautiful buildings like those anymore? 5. One of the main reasons behind such changes is
population growth leading to increasing demands and
1. There is noticeable fall of graph in detailed decreasing resources leading to vertical growth for
ornamentation of structures as compared to heritage occupying more requirements in lesser land which
ones, in which detailing like cornices, brackets, arches nowadays collaterally damages the individual identity of
etc. were part of structure and not just ornamentation. the buildings according to its region, as depicted in the
image above.
2. The scale of structure, planning according to vastu and
geographic conditions, use of locally available materials, THE CONCLUSION
structural stability, details like carvings, paintings, etc.
shows sign of patience regarding time it might have taken Lastly a little effort towards retaining the losing identity of our
to complete the desired work without any ailments such heritage prosperity is what everyone should try for by
that the structures are standing with pride even after end understanding that there was reason why the structures were
of the era in which they are constructed. constructed as they are so we could see them survive even in
the worst fury of nature.
3. There is change in needs and day to day lifestyle
demanding fast growth leading to need of quick results
by also considering money and time required.

IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN ON THE ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING IN NEAR FUTURE
Impact of Lockdown on The Architecture and Planning in Near Future

Ar. Manish Gode - Email : [email protected]
Ar. Manish Gode, is a Graduate from The Indian Institute of Architects and did his Masters in Urban
Planner from V.R.C.E. Nagpur. He is a Working Architect at Nagpur since 2000. His field of interests
are Research & Analysis, Creative Writing, Poetry and Fiction. He has participated in National as well
as International Architectural Design Competitions. His some of the winning projects are to
formulate Ideas for Smart City Nagpur by Nagpur Municipal Corporation.
He has won India Next Competition West Zone Finalist for providing Smart Ideas for Flood Water
Harvesting in Rural India. He was among the Top 50 entrants for designing “The Black Taj”, among Top
5 entrants for designing H.O. building for INSDAG in Kolkata and much more to list out.
Introduction :
The entire world came to a standstill due to a Pandemic

occurred by an invisible crisis. The impact was so high that in
near future there is going to be a radical change in human
behaviour thus, changing human tendency to deal with its
surrounding. The Human – Purusha :
A Big City is inside our body. Human Body, which contains 11

doors, is a complete city in itself; 11 doors consist of 5
Gyanendriya, 5 Karmendriya & 1 Mann or Mind. 'Pur' means
Nagar, that's why a city is called a Purusha. Thus, Purusha
means where the God resides. This Purusha is very precious; it
has a big population of seven crores living cells in it. If we scale
a single cell to a human body, the size of these cells may occupy
the area of the entire London City..!
This human city contains all physical infrastructures that are

present in a developed city. It contains a proper road network,
telecom system, a river inside like any city. It also has its own
Defence system; White Blood Cells works like Military, which
attacks the virus entering inside the body. There are owners of Illustration : The Purusha &its Varna Bheda
these cells; there are also slaves who work day and night
without halt. Interesting thing is how they know, in which part of humans to internal and external stimuli, it refers to the array
of the body the infection has entered through wound. We of every physical action and observable emotion associated
don't know about their work, still all of them are working like a with individuals, as well as the human race. The behaviour of
dedicated team headed by our Brain. humans and other organisms and even mechanisms falls
within a range with some behaviour being common, some
It's been said that 'the Verna System' was the outcome from unusual, some acceptable and some beyond acceptable limits.
our body, where our Brain is Brahman- the Master of our body, The acceptability of behaviour depends heavily upon social
Kshatriya- the warriors, who protect us from the enemy, norms and is regulated by various means of social control. The
Vaishya- are doing business of making Blood cells, digesting analysis shows that people's behaviour is responsive to the
the food to make energy for our body and Shudras- who are cost of self-protection, the reported prevalence of disease and
cleansing our body in various ways. This thought of four Verna their experiences earlier in the epidemic. Specifically,
is the very Indian thought. Western Society doesn't have this decreasing the cost of self-protection increases the rate of
system of work, neither in past nor in present. self-behaviour. Individuals' experiences in term of how often
an infection was acquired when they didn't engage in self-
There is a perfect system of inner engineering of the body to
protection are another factor that determines whether they
run it smoothly and hassle-free.
will invest in preventive measures later on. When prevalence
Human Behaviour : is high, people are more likely to adopt self-protective
measures as time goes by; when prevalence is low, a 'self-
To understand how human behaviour responses in pandemic protection fatigue' effect sets in whereby individuals are less
situation is call of the time in present and coming future. Since willing to engage in safe behaviour over time. It has been
the human behaviour is the response of individuals or groups argued that behavioural responses, such as wearing of mask,

more frequent washing of hands and avoiding crowded places, At this point the chances of getting infected are more. Thus,
of people to the 2003 SARS outbreak contributed significantly we have to find solution so that we may not come near this
to the containment of that epidemic. critical point. Panic moment is more dangerous than actual
disease. Most of us get into depression just because of being
It has been observed that there is a significant change in Panic. So, we have to analysis the situation and find solutions
human behaviour regarding hygienic habits of day to day life. for it.
New ideas are emerging for making life simpler and safe. One
of such ideas is to how to deal when there is nothing in the Utilization of Amenity space :
kitchen or you can't go out to buy vegetables or other daily
needs. So, people start innovating new ideas to adjust with the What can we do to get ample food grain and vegetable when
stuffs you never expected. There are so many solutions to one we get into such crises? If we analyse the situation, we find
problem; we just have to explore it. Finding new ways out that there is a sudden rise in cost of perishable goods. Big shop
when all the doors are locked down. Waiting is not the solution keepers start selling the commodities on higher prices just for
for all the problems. If we just wait and watch, we won't find the sake of lower supply. It is but natural - human tendency to
out the vaccine to this novel dieses. We won't be able to find behave like this, otherwise goods won't be on the shelves for a
the anti-virus, as in the case of Personal Computers. Fighting long interval. Here we can see the effect of high demand and
the evils is the wisdom to mankind, its usual human behaviour. lower supply. Since transportation is on a halt, commodities
Never give up; the proverb was invented by us. from farmers don't arrive to the central business district. So,
one of the solutions can be to produce at least some of the
Two New Basic Needs : food items and vegetables inside our housing societies. There
are two types of Open spaces in any layout or sub division of
If we classify the entire scenario into one gamut, we will find the land having more than 1.0 hectare area, which has to be
that there are three basic needs to survive in a provided reserved for playground and public utility i.e., 10% area for
situation. Ample food grain, Shelter and few clothing; in recreational open space such as playground and 10% for the
addition to it now a day, lifesaving medicines and distance Amenity space, out of which 15% of the Amenity space can be
education have added the list of essential commodities. utilised for construction of club house, bank, post offices,
library, Gymnasium etc. as per the National Building Code.
If we segregate two long lasting needs i.e. Shelter and Cloths,
Rest of the 90% of the Amenity space can be used for growing
remaining two out of three are perishable; they are Food and
vegetables using the methods of natural farming.
Medicine. Medicine gets change from time to time. It also has
expiry as that of Food viz. Grains and Veggies. Education is an This Hypothesis can be understood by the Central Place
ongoing process, unless it ends at a certain point. So, we have Theory which was derived from the work of the German
to find out that critical point at which human behaviour starts Geographer Walter Christaller, who investigated the urban
to self-protecting along with his family. We may identify that system of Southern Germany during 1930s.
two needs out of five are those where onwards human mind
changes its behaviour i.e., food and medicine. So, for fulfilling He was mainly looking for relationships between the size, the
these two needs, a person crosses the social distancing limit. number and the geographic distribution of cities. Central
places theory tries to explain the spatial distribution of a
system of cities. This distribution is best understood by
assuming a central place and its market area. A central place
Food has the main function to supply goods and services to the
surrounding population.
Central Places Theory (Market Principle)
Cloths Shelter
Order
A B C
Market area
Medicine Education
Illustration 2

In his Illustration F.L. Wright suggested the farm land around

his Mile-high Skyscraper Centre. Food grains were supposed
to grow here, to cater the need of the residents. This is indeed
a brilliant idea in crises. Since the transportation is nil, we can
get the Food in cheaper rate.
Case Study :
Ramdaspeth in Nagpur is situated in the central part of

Nagpur, with most of the bigger open spaces all around. These
spaces were the foresight of Britishers, who designed this
Garden space named as “Lendra Park.”One of the important
features of this area is that water level is very low. One may
find the underground water on just 5 feet level. That's why
Illustration 3 there are so many evergreen trees in this garden, ageing more
than 100 years or so. Facing south, the left part is kept as a play
Census data suggests that 31% of India is Urban but Images area and right part has beautiful garden within. A 300-meter
from satellites tell us that a whopping 63% of India is Urban; walkway is logged with shrubs and flowering plants on both
with the density of 400 people per square km. the sides.
If we consider half of the population living in Urban Area; that There is an old banyan tree in between and other flowering
means we have @1.35 Lacs sq. km. area of Public Utility land trees all around. There is also a Natural Shop, which provides
within these housing societies. This is a very big vacant land Natural food and vegetables without using any chemical
laying along with the playgrounds in these housing societies. fertilizer. This Garden is maintained by Ramdaspeth Citizens
These lands can be used for growing vegetable to cater our day Forum. We may notice some pockets as seen in the Drawing,
to day requirement in the kitchen. Similar type of design which are always vacant surrounded by seasonal flowers. The
philosophy was proposed by Hon. F.L. Wright in his famous land in between can be used to grow vegetables. The land is
work “The Illinois – The Skyscraper Centre”. It was the design good and has ample water in it.
of a Mile-High cantilever sky-city to honour the state of Illinois
and the city of Chicago. Padmashree Subhash Palekar from Vidarbha, Amravati, has
discovered from the ancient Japanese System of Natural
Farming. In this type of Farming, one can get good crop with
very less expenditure. Following Illustrations shows how to
yield optimum crop in less area of land. His philosophy of
Natural Farming is based on four pillars viz., knowledge,
Science, Truth and non-violence. In his introduction speech,
he wisely elaborates his theory, which is based on logics.
Drum Sticks Tree
(Drum Sticks are used
daily in the South
Indian Cuisine.)
Tomato, Cucumber
or Water Melons
Fenugreek or
Marigold Flowers.
drain drain (Marigold Flowers are
used in daily rituals in
7’-6” Indian Home &
TYPE-A Temples.)
Illustration 5 : Subhash Palekar Natural Farming-1
Tomato, Green Chilli, Egg Plant, Cauliflower, Cabbage,

Brocccoli, Lond Bean, Bell Pepper or Ladies Finger.
Green Peas, Black-Eyed Beans or Cow Pea
Salad, Vegetable viz. Spinach, Fenugreek,

Radish, Carrot, Coriander, Garlic,
Beetroot etc.
SI
7’-6” 0 10
TYPE-B
Illustration 4 : Courtesy - F.L. Wright Illustration 6 : Subhash Palekar Natural Farming-2

Illustration 7 : Site Plan of Ramdaspeth Garden Illustration 9 : Medicine Vendor Machine

Virtual Education System :
Thanks to Telecom companies for providing ample Giga-bytes
of Data during crises. Internet via satellite towers are like life
line for human being. Lacs of people are working from home
during this Lockdown period. Now people's worries are lower
down. Some companies are also giving tasks to their
employees from home. Digital India has given us more
opportunity and freedom to do our respective jobs from
home.
One of the major sectors is Educational Institutions. In this
Lockdown period, new session has been started and some of
the teachers are giving assignments via social media platform
to the student by forming small groups of them. Students are
not been spoon feed, instead on the concept of hearing and
understanding, they are given assignments, like writing on the
spoken content and then give the answers asked at the end.
Students are delighted with this new methodology of
studying. For them, it's like fun while learn kind of thing. Thus,
Illustration 8 : Ramdaspeth, Nagpur we can foresee the coming time when teacher may take the
class sitting at their place and take a virtual class on laptop or
Medicine Kiosks and Vendor Machines : smart TV.
Medicine is another basic need, which has to be taken into
account in the time of crises. In Lockdown Situation, if the Conclusions :
Medicine is ending at our place, it may develop more critical So, the concluding word of this article is that we Architects
condition into human behaviour. have to ponder upon the present and future situation, when
human beings are in any crises. We have to change our
Similarly, Prescription Vendor Machines are also available, for strategy while designing any new Institution, Commercial
those who are in need for appropriate medicine. So, its high space or a modified Residence for the better future. So that
time to append with this new technology in every 500 mt. self-protected citizens may feel peaceful atmosphere where
distance, when people are compelled to sit at home during ever they live.
quarantine period. REFERENCES :
Smaller Medicine Kiosks can also be provided along the I. Acharya Rajneesh – Audio Discourse on Katha-Upanishad
Chapter-11, 14:00
Highways for those who are in urgent need of Medication help, ii. Wikipedia – Human Behaviour.
such as in the case of high blood pressure and Diabetes
iii. Public Library of Science – Behavioural Responses in
Patients. These Kiosks can be connected with GPS system to Epidemics.
know the exact co-ordinates of it and to know when to refill iv. The Geography of Transport Systems –
them. Any person, with the impression of his finger print can Transportgeography.org
get access to the medicine and also the system may keep v. Ajai Sreevatsan – livemint.com
record of his medical history. The system may also direct any vi. Subhash Palekar Natural Farming –
person what, when and where to reach for level-2 medication. http://spnfmp3.blogspot.com

LIFE AT THE EDGE OF WATER
Life at the Edge of Water

Ar. Mrinalini Sane - Email : [email protected]
Ar. Mrinalini Sane - A practising architect and interior designer with 27 years of experience, Mrinalini
Sane has also been involved with architectural education as a visiting faculty member since 1993.
Actively involved with the profession as an Executive Committee Member of IIA Pune Centre, she has
also been associated with PCERF – Pune Construction Engineering Research Foundation, a Pune
based NGO, also as an Executive Committee Member for more than 15 years. She has organised the
PCERF Vidyarthi Competition for two years as the Convenor. She regularly contributes to local
newspapers on issues relating to property and architecture. She has contributed to the profession in
a unique way – as an ISO Auditor, Consultant and Trainer, she offers Quality Management Systems as
a tool to improve office working efficiency of construction professionals. She has also represented
India through Rotary Group Study Exchange programme.
Introduction : Settlement : Kumarakom –Alappuzha, Kerala, India

Since the dawn the civilization, man has sought out suitable Waterbody : Vembanad Lake (2033 sq km area, depth about
water bodies beside which to form settlements. Be it a lake, 40 feet)
river, lagoon or besides the sea. As civilization advanced, man Situated on the banks of the lake Vembanad in the State of
was capable of harvesting surrounding areas for water and Kerala in South India are the twin cities of Alappuzha (Alleppy)
creating artificial water bodies which became the fulcrum of and Kumarakom. Alleppy is famous as the Venice of the east,
these settlements. and with good reason! The major transport system in this town
are the waterways. Apart from the houseboats engaged in the
India, being an ancient civilization, showcases all these in tourist trade, a common sight is School Boats ferrying students
abundance in various places. In the North, there is the city of from designated boat stops. Boats ply the waterways formed
Srinagar in Kashmir around the glacial melt water fed, multiple by the small tributaries of the river Pampa like buses to
lake system, the most famous of which is the Dal Lake. In the provide transport to local residents. And like any road
South are the cities of Kumarakom and Alleppy which are network, the main broad waterways are connected by a criss-
settled around the vast inland lagoon called Lake Vembanad. cross network of narrower waterways to provide connectivity
In the East are the settlements of Santhal tribe on the shifting by boats of large and small capacity. The type of boats used are
islands of the Sundarbansdelta at the mouth of the mighty also a reflection of the economic function they are used in –
Ganges and Brahmaputra river system. And in the West is the from super luxurious, one or two bedroom Houseboats that
man-made lake system around Lake Pichola around which the ply the Kochi – Kumarakom – Alappuzha route to the humble
city of Udaipur stands proudly as an oasis at the boundary of single canoes of the local fisherman. Due to the back flow of
the Thar Desert. the sea water at high tides, the water of the lake Vembanad is
brackish water, not fit for drinking. A common hazard is the
The land and climatic conditions of all these four places are a flooding of surrounding fields with salt water destroying
study in contrast, the only common link being the human standing crops. Small bunds have been created to keep the
ingenuity in adapting and using the water bodies to create not lagoon water at bay to protect the cultivated fields. However if
only livelihoods, but four exquisitely rich cultures. This article the monsoon rains are heavy and the tides rise, the fields are
is an attempt to highlight the similarities and differences of inundated with salt water, laying waste the farmer's source of
human cultures and heritages in these four corners of India. income.
Fishing in crocodile infested waters - Sundarbans Fishermen on Lake Vembanad

The traditional apparel

here is the Mundu for men
– a white cottonhand
woven garment like a
“lungi”, with gold thread or
zari border. Lore has it that
the thinner the width of
the zari border, the more
subtle and elegant the
garment! Minimalism is
valued. The women wear a
similar, but longer white
cotton hand woven sari –
like garment with gold
thread or zari border,
called the Kasavu. In old
times, both men and
women wore no upper
body garment or vest, and
lore has it that the women
The dance of the Great Egrets had to pay a tax to the king
Houses are built around the waterways, with private boats to cover their upper torsos with cloth.
tied at the entrance. Every house has a few fish lines dropped
The waters of the Lagoon are murky, though not very deep.
in the water and a common sight is the lady of the house
One can spot families of otters and Cormorants drying their
stepping out of her kitchen to pull out a fresh catch to add to
wings. In season, one can even witness the dance of the Great
her day's cooking. Currimean, Jumbo prawns and shrimp are
Egrets at a nearby bird sanctuary. Small waterways navigable
found in abundance in these waters. A gigantic 12 inch prawn
by canoes criss-cross the landscape.
can be obtained fairly easily. Historically, Kerala has been the
spice capital of the world, and this is amply evident in the In Kumarakom and Alappuzha, we see a people, beautifully
delicious cuisine of the people. The fresh local coconut or palm adapted to their surrounding water and creating a rich culture
wine called Toddy is refreshing in the humid climate. which is a part of India's common heritage. They have
nurtured this region called “God's own Country”.
The affluent people built houses made of seasoned teak wood
with central square courtyards, called a Nalla Kettu. In the Settlement : Srinagar, Kashmir, India
palace of the local king or nobleman, more often there are two
square courtyards and such a house is called an Aettu Kettu Waterbody : Dal Lake (18-22 sq km area, depth about 20 feet)
(see pic.) The decorative carvings on the ceilings and columns
of these structures depict ancient gods and goddesses as well Situated on the banks of the Dal Lake in the North Indian Union
as geometric designs. Some are inlaid with metal like silver or Territory of Jammu and Kashmir which is famous as Heaven on
even gold. In Vasco Da Gama's times, one kg. of black pepper Earth, is the ancient city of Srinagar. Lying at a junction of the
sold for a thousand pounds in Europe. So these palaces are a old Silk Route, the people and culture of this place reflect
reflection of the affluence of this community since those spice centuries of traditions and cultures of travellers from across
trading days. Eurasia.
NallaKettu Inlay on wooden door panels Flower Vendor, Nigeen Lake

Houseboat, Srinagar Mughal Gardens
The Dal Lake system is a multiple lake system – Dal Lake, part of turn red, and then golden, as the sun bursts out from behind
which are locally called the Hazratbal Lake and the Golden the mountains, and fills up the sky in a glory of brightness!
Lake, Nigeen Lake lie at the heart of the city of Srinagar. The
Anchar Lake and Wular Lakes lie farther north east.The origin The current economy of this region depends heavily on the
of the lake system is unclear, perhaps it is a result of an ancient tourist trade. There is a floating flower and vegetable market
glacial melt or perhaps it is the result of the overflow area of where a variety of local flora and vegetables are sold on boats.
the river Jhelum. There are two small islands in the lake system Craftsmen sell exquisitepapier-mâchéartefacts, woollen
which are called the Golden Char Chinar and the Silver Char articles and knick-knacks. A very colourful milieu. The lake
Chinar – as there were four Chinar Trees on these Islands, freezes in the winter and there is a layer of ice transforming the
although a fire a few years ago has damaged a couple of the region into a winter fairyland. This is the time to wear a
Chinar trees. woollen “Feran” and hold a coal lit “Kangdi” under the
garment for warmth while drinking the local saffron flavoured
The banks of this lake system comprise of the most valuable tea called “Kehwa”.
real estate in the city and is bursting with Deodar wood
houseboats parked chock a block next to one another as far as The lake system is connected by small channels called “Guruth
the eye can see. These houseboats are made of exquisitely Pao”. It is a difficult task keeping these channels open due to
carved interiors of Deodar, Walnut and Cedar wood (see pic). hyacinth congestion and the more welcome growth of the
The floors are beautifully carpeted in Kashmiri rugs and there lotus plants. The locals grow vegetables and lotus in private
is an old wooden stove heater in most houseboats for warmth. patches. “Nadru”, the lotus stem, is a local delicacy. Goshtaba
However, these houseboats are permanently parked at the – an exquisite mutton dish and freshly baked “Girda” – a type
edge of the lake and don't ply the lake as houseboats in of leavened roti, from the tandoor of the next-door baker, are
Kumarakom and Alleppy do. For transport on the lakes, there local specialities.
are the smaller boats called “Shikara”. Still smaller canoes with
The challenges of living in a mountainous terrain are
the boatman perched at the very tip, fish for Carp. Kingfishers
numerous. However, the people living around these lakes have
and geese flit on the still, cold waters with the mighty snow-
learned to flourish, showcasing the natural beauty of the land
capped Himalayan peaks of the Shankaracharya range in the
while utilizing water in multiple ways.
background. Prayers are offered in the holy Shankaracharya
temple high up in the mountain, while the lakeside Hazratbal Settlement : Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
mosque reverberates with the azaan.
Waterbody : Pichola Lake (696 hectares area, depth about 30
The houseboats are perched on the edge of the lakes. This feet)
allows the access to the houseboat, both from land as well as On the banks of the Lake Pichola is the beautiful city of
water. The service lines – electrical and plumbing - are Udaipur, the capital of the House of Mewar. The Pichola lake
connected from land. A luxury houseboat will have not only an system is a man- made lake system built as a store of the scare
attached toilet to the bedroom, it will have a bathtub with resource - water – at the edge of the Thar Desert in Western
running hot and cold water. Like a garden on land, the India. Subsequent kings built palaces of great grandeur not
houseboat window will overlook a water garden – a lotus only around the Lake but a couple of them on two islands
patch! Sitting in the houseboat veranda, sipping “Noon Tea”, a situated within the Lake. These palaces made of marble and
special Kashmiri tea, in the misty, cold morning, one can enjoy decorated with coloured stained glass, were a place of frolic
the sunrise across the grey waters of the lake, which slowly and romance for the royals as well as a seat of governance.

Lake Palace- passengers in a ferry on Lake Pichola
These days the palaces are converted into some of the best The lake banks are dotted with temples and other community
known luxury hotels in the world – The Jag Niwas palace is now spaces. These were important in the olden days, when the
the Taj Lake Palace, the Jag Mandir is a tourist attraction, Fateh access to water was controlled, due to its paucity. Today, water
Prakash and Shiv Niwas Palaces, erstwhile parts of the Great scarcity is a fact of life in Rajasthan. However, the lake system
City Palace, are luxury hotels. The Oberoi Udai Vilas Palace, offers water conservation and management opportunities
built near the bird sanctuary surrounding the lake and The from the historical times. The rain water flowing down the
Leela are some of the new buildings built exclusively as hotels. Aravalli ranges was captured by means of bunds. The
Small motor boats ferry guests to and from these hotels to the sandstone and mountains with desert sand create a canvas of
jetty on the mainland. Each hotel has an exclusive jetty. And yellow to ochre with the vast expanse of blue sky above. In this
the economy, which was earlier dependent on silver and nickel arid yellow-blue scheme, green colour from vegetation is
mining is turning to tourism. Wood and silver Craftsmen and conspicuous by its absence. The human endeavour has filled in
Bandhej fabric dyers sell their wares in markets surrounding this gap – with the help of vegetable dyes, the clothes worn by
the lake. It is a beautiful showcase of Rajasthan's high regal the locals have an overwhelming amount of colour and
civilization. embroidery. The mud plastered houses are painted with
vibrant colours. And the Palaces, have stained glass windows –
The lake itself, as it is man-made, faces environmental which offers another dimension to colour… the rippling
challenges due to pollution and over population. The local reflection of the wavelets of the lake on the marble floor,
hotel industry contributes towards cleaning of the lake. At the through the colourful stained glass, creates a sense of wonder.
Lake Palace, which is in the middle of the lake, logistics of The multi-coloured mirrored thikri work on the walls of the
maintaining guests in world class luxury is a basic challenge. palaces tells the story of glory and valour of the bygones days.
Every leaf of vegetable has to be brought in and every scrap of The Lake system is the pulsating heart of this white city -
waste must be taken out by dedicated motorboats. Udaipur.
Stained Glass Windows letting in light Thikri Work

Settlement : Sundarbans, West Bengal, India
Water body : Sundarbans delta (10,000 sq km – 4000 sq km in

India, balance in Bangladesh, depth variable)
I am a daughter of the Sundarbans
My mother goes fishing and a crocodile eats her
My father goes to the jungle to gather honey, and a tiger eats

him
Yet I will not leave and I am happy that I am a daughter of the

Sundarbans.
So goes a song to which the local Santhal women dance, clad in Red cloths tied to Sundari tree – prayers to Bon Bibi
the traditional white cotton saris with bright red borders. That,
in a nutshell, is the story of these people living at the edge of
civilization. The Sundarbans delta comprises of hundreds of are many such cloths fluttering in the winds on remote islands
small islands formed due to alluvial deposits at the place as the boat glides by. Moreover, the boats are all moored in the
where the Ganga and the mighty Brahmaputra (called Padma middle of the water at night, and not on water's edge – the
locally) rivers meet the sea – Bay of Bengal. The backflow from tiger can swim across islands and hunt on land. But perhaps,
the sea has made the waters of the entire region brackish and he can't hunt in water, or even if the tiger swims up to the boat,
hence, unfit for consumption. Water-water everywhere and he will not be able to jump up, into the boat... At least that is
not a drop to drink! Fresh water bore wells on some of the the hope.
islands are the only source of drinking water.
Come evening, the sky is lit up in shades of red and gold, a bird
After a three hour drive south of Kolkata, one is at the jetty sanctuary on the banks of the river Bidyadhari bursts with
town of Godkhali. The last historically significant house is the raucous clamour. Cormorants can be seen flying in droves. A
one where Rabindra Nath Tagore lived for a few months (see variety of solitary Kingfishers can be spotted. And on a lucky
pic). After this there are just the thatch roofed houses of the day, one can spot the enormous Great Adjutant bird standing 5
Santhal. From here one has to travel the waters by boat – a feet tall, brooding on the banks. The islands are separated
houseboat if one is lucky – to go in the interior of the from the water with high chain-link fences, with the hope that
Sundarbans. Dakkhin Rai will be confined to the Wildlife sanctuary islands
and not move out into the water and swim across to human
This is the realm of Dakkhin Rai – the forest deity symbolised settlements. The exposed orange coloured roots of mangrove
by the Royal Bengal tiger. All tigers in the Sundarbans are man trees (Sundari trees) create a series of light and dark shadows
eaters. Bon Bibi is the Goddess to whom one prays when one which is ideal camouflage for a lurking striped Bengal Tiger.
wants to be saved from Dakkhin Rai. One can see rags of cloths The locals call this “Chalawa” – dangerous illusion. As a tourist,
tied to trees on islands as a symbol of prayer. Some pieces of entry on these islands is prohibited, except for some
cloth mark the tree where the Tigers had killed a human. There designated paths and viewing points.
Tagore's Bungalow, Sundarbans

Chhalawa: Orange tree roots…or maybe a tiger?Wild Stag
To add to the challenges of survival in this remote area, the The Santhal tribal people are now mostly migrant labour in
entire Sundarbans delta falls in the path of hurricanes places far away from the land of Dakkhin Rai, from their
(Ghurnijhor) that come annually from the Bay of Bengal. These beloved Sundarbans. Perhaps it is safer. The ones who have
hurricanes destroy everything in their paths, cutting off stayed, adapt to the caprices of nature, while those who leave
people from the mainland, inundating islands, rendering the will adapt to the caprices of civilization elsewhere…
fencing useless. The entire landscape changes… and
Summary :
rebuilding work begins, again and again, year after year.
While the presence of water is important to life, water as a life
It is beautiful in a wild way…and scary. force, can also be a life taking force. In Srinagar, the water
offers a source of food with fish as well as lotus gardens. The
Each year new islands crop up and some old are submerged waterways of Vembanad give food but also take away food
after the monsoon, making a shifting and hostile landscape. when the brackish water enters rice fields. The Udaipur lake
The mangrove jungles on the islands are home to an animal waters are no longer potable. The Sundarbans river delta gives
which is at the top of all food chains - the Royal Bengal Tiger. both – life as in fish and death with crocodiles.
Moreover, ALL tigers in the Sundarbans are man eaters – the What is surprising, is the diversity and contrast in dwellings in
locals say due to eating human remains floating down the river all 4 places. The white marble Palaces of Udaipur are a case
down the ages from places like Varanasi. One wonders where study in over the top luxury. Those in Kumarakom, on the other
the truth and myth merge, much like the silty river becoming hand, though equally rich in dark wood carvings and inlay
land and islands dissolving in the water. River distributaries are work, are minimalistic, subtle and uncluttered in design. The
infested with crocodiles. The livelihood of the Santhal tribal houseboats of Srinagar proudly display the exquisite wood
people mostly depends on fishing and honey gathering. carving work of local artisans while bamboo is used in a variety
Except, here, the crocodiles are a constant danger while of ways in the houseboats in Kerala. The boats that ply the
fishing and the tigers are a constant danger while honey Sundarbans river delta and the humble dwellings that dot the
gathering in the mangroves. However, with tourism on the rise islands are minimum basic in nature. A house here is not more
in recent times, simple bamboo artefacts and knick-knacks are than a roof over 4 mud or thatch walls! And that too, may not
sold to tourists by the locals to supplement their meagre last the year due to hurricanes. In fact, the land on which the
income. house is located, also may get submerged or eroded by the
shifting dynamics of the delta.
What the Santhals lack in refinement, they make up for in their
enthusiasm and joi de vivre. The Hilsa fish – which the Bengalis Man in his ingenuity, has harnessed the proximity of water and
call Illish – is a delicacy to die for. The local rice wine – Hadiya – reaped benefits but water has shown its ability to overpower
though not as delicious as Toddy from Kerala, is also enjoyable. man and destroy what man creates. Nature and man live
harmoniously in some places while nature in its sway cuts man
The large water channels of the river delta are a route of trade down to size in other places. Over the years, mankind has
vessels to come from Dhaka to Haldia Port. On a good day, learnt the art of survival and development, leading to
tourist boats can go as far west as the Raimangal River, through civilisation, prosperity and high culture - when man has
the middle of which runs the India - Bangladesh border. Two understood, worked with and respected nature's authority in
thirds of the Sundarbans lie in Bangladesh. one of its primal forces – water!

BUILDING RESILIENCE AND ANTIFRAGILITY
Building Resilience and Antifragility

COVID-19 : CALL FOR IDEAS
Today the world is facing an unprecedented scenario due to The brief titled COVID-19 Call for Ideas to build Resilience and
COVID-19: a state of global medical emergency has befallen us Antifragility was co-curated by Ethos and Ar. Darpana Athale.
with uncertainty of what will happen next. Many experts Solutions were invited that could be a product or a process
believe that this situation has worsened the woes of our targeted towards any one or multiple group of stakeholders
economic state, and deeply affected the construction industry within the architecture, design and construction fraternity.
in particular- reduced construction outflows attributable to a Entries were expected to focus on Communication, Design,
slowdown in project execution activity, a weaker real-estate Process, Innovation, Technology or any other action area that
market and probably low disposable incomes for the client the participants identified. Proposals that have the potential
due to global economic disruptions are some of the most to create a significant impact to any of the stages of coping
direct impacts. This, in turn has affected the stakeholders- with a pandemic and its effects were sought.
architects, skilled and unskilled labourers, builders, material
The Review Panel selected 14 ideas out of around 100 entries
suppliers, trade partners, contractors and many more.
received. Many ideas out of these integrate more than one
Students and colleges are also another large segment of the
aspect or stakeholders and would fall under multiple
fraternity staring at uncertain times. With each passing day,
categories at the same time.
the world is looking for a ray of hope, a way to make the
Submitted Entries
situation better which highlights the need for new ideas for us Category No. of Entries
to overcome the crisis together.
Architecture + Design 30
Technology 30
The Indian Institute of Architects partnered with Ethos and
launched the initiative COVID-19 Call for Ideas to Build Healthcare 12
Resilience and Antifragility in April 2020. The objective of this Product Design 8
open-to-all initiative was to source ideas that aim to resolve Urbanism 8
problems that have arisen in the construction industry. The Socio-Economic 8
participants were also encouraged to assess and design for Real Estate 4
potential problems that may arise. Arts and Crafts 4
Shortlisted Ideas Team

Gurugram SOHO-small office home office Zorawar Singh Basur and Anima Beri
HomeWork Pod Om Merchant
Shramik Setu - Enlist Enable Empower K.Shravan and Gita Balakrishnan
Migrant Transport with Social Distancing Arpan Johari and Hemant Diyalani
Disaster Management Healthcare Units KNS Architects- Kanhai Gandhi, Santosh Jadhav & Janhavi
MODULE (X), An Emergency Plug-in Pod Aswin.S.Kumar and Sibin Sabu
Collaborative Initiatives : Collaborative Initiatives : Shalu Mishra and Aditi Jain, Mistry Architects
Re-Program and Re-imagine the Urban Neighborhood
Post Pandemic.
Resilient Housing for All Leena Kumar and Yamini Kumar
DIVIDE - disintegrating density Suresh Batra and Amar Agrawal
T(C)ube Murtuza Indorewala
Self Sanitizing Handrail Himanshu Verma and Akanksha Singh
Re-calibrating Rural India... To a Post-Covid Life Akshata Shenoy and Shruthi Mrinalini
Call Out for action Mishali Desai
COVID-19 ToolKit Sapan Hirpara and Gunjan Modi

Gurugram Soho (Fig.1) is a plug-in solution to 'Work from The problem of migrant workers got accentuated during this
home' - a flexible module of a 'Home Office'. The design period as they faced uncertain circumstances with scarcity of
provides different options to people with varying needs as resources and lack of an efficient transportation mode to get
these modules can be installed and dismantled as per the them home and save themselves and their families from the
situation. disease. The entry offers a solution for the migrant workers
who have had to take to reverse migration.
Today when the concept of working from home has become
more relevant than ever, it is paramount to not just
understand the needs but also identify issues faced by people.
Fig. 3 : Shramik Setu
Migrant Transport with Social Distancing (Fig.4) proposes a

modification on standard State Transport buses that will allow
guest workers to reach home with dignity, through a safe and
effective mode of transportation which can later be used as
regular transport services. This cost-effective, quick and easy
to build modification will transport people in reasonable
comfort. Given that social distancing will be the new normal, it
can be used in regular bus fleets after transporting the
migrants. This would be the easiest way to use existing bus
Fig. 1 : Gurugram SOHO infrastructure to transport people safely and with minimal
investment.
Home Work Pod- Work & Play at home (Fig.2) also addresses
the problem of working from home efficiently through a
'Home Work Pod' which is a furniture system that enables all,
young and old to conduct formal tasks from the comforts of
their homes. This system consists of a workstation and chair
which is ergonomically designed for all age-groups for study,
video communication, gaming and entertainment in complete
privacy and comfort.
Many of the entries focused on migrant and labourer's

housing, healthcare, social distancing and the problems faced
by the disadvantaged.
Fig. 4 : Migrant Transport with Social Distancing
Disaster Management Healthcare Units (Fig.5) targets the

need for quick and easily deployable healthcare units. In
recent times, shipping containers have been explored by
Architects world over to create portable facilities. The
advantages being that they already exist, are economical, easy
to transport, and quick to transform into something which can
be habitable. The time span to put up these healthcare units is
less than 2 weeks.
Referring to the above entry, Dr. Desai said “It is robust, offers
Fig. 2 : Home Work Pod
quick installation, is transferable, reusable, monsoon-ready”.
Shramik Setu (Fig.3) focuses on the problem of guest Mr. Bhattacharya complimented the concept for being clearly
workers/migrant workers andisan app that can help them find presented, along with details that address various needs for a
operational construction sites for employment in their vicinity. prefab system.

infrastructure is not a feasible approach. Thus, the team

suggests smaller additions in the form of tactical solutions that
can be done at the neighborhood level and by understanding
the needs of the stakeholders involved. George Ferguson, first-
Mayor of Bristol and Architect who was part of the review
panel mentioned about the entry that offers tactical solutions
for public spaces “A brilliant vision for a fairer city
demonstrated at a human scale.”
Fig. 5 : Disaster Management Fig.4 Migrant Transport with

Social Distancing Healthcare Units
Module X - Emergency Plug-in Pod (Fig.6) selected under the

healthcare category provides a design for an isolation and
quarantine facility for guest workers reaching back to their
hometowns and villages in large numbers. The pod is detailed
out in a way that it can be plugged-in to any existing context.
Clustering of these pods can provide a combined Quarantine
facility for larger groups. Referring to this idea, Dr. Desai said
“these pods can be created within housing colonies or even as
short stay rental premises as a business idea.”
Fig. 7 : Collaborative Initiatives
Resilient Housing for All (Fig. 8) proposes a design for

prefabricated housing units which are resilient and affordable,
while ensuring well-being for the stakeholders at the bottom
of the economic pyramid. The design is focused on factors that
most impact the physical and mental health of citizens:
connection to nature, freedom and equality of opportunity in
good times and bad, social interaction and support, reduced
environmental stresses like noise and squalor, pleasant
diversions from work like art and culture.
Fig. 6 : Module X - Emergency Plug-in Pod
Collaborative Initiatives : Re-Program and Re-imagine the

Urban Neighborhood Post Pandemic (Fig.7) recognises the
stark reality of social inequality in urban areas, essential to
tackle the current pandemic. Addressing this issue can also
help cities build back better and be more resilient to future
crises. However, with the current scenario, change in Fig. 8 : Resilient Housing for All

Divide-Disintegrating Density (Fig. 9) aims at implementation Re-calibrating Rural India...To a Post-COVID Life (Fig. 12)looks
of Social Distancing through radical policy interventions. It also at how we could secure the futures of the migrants who have
provides a detailed blueprint to ensure that the foot fall or returned to their rural villages and hometowns. It suggests
population density of a particular area can be decreased to policy interventions that establish industries and work
two-thirds of the total number. opportunities for rural populations based on skills and
resources available to them.
Fig. 9 : Divide-Disintegrating Density
T-Cube, (Fig. 10) using social distancing as a tool, attempts to

provide experimental measures to control the spread of any
communicable disease in densely populated areas within a
fully functionable city.
Fig. 12 : Recalibrating Rural India
Call out for action (Fig.13) is another idea to resolve a similar

problem and it takes an inclusive approach towards dealing
with the crisis, by charting out an outline of participatory
actions & changes to adapt & adopt from every concerned
individual of our fraternity. The entry questions the new
normal & how it will be perceived and practiced by people.
Fig. 10 : T(C)ube
Self-Sanitizing Handrails (Fig. 11) has taken an essential

architectural element with an aim to prevent it from becoming
a catalyst in the community spread of disease. The team has
designed a self-cleaning rail, with a sanitizing strip embedded
in the rail section operating on electricity.
Fig. 11 : Self-Sanitizing handrail Fig. 13 : Call out for Action

COVID-19 Toolkit (Fig. 14) provides designs for instantly

deployable multipurpose cells that can be used as a shelter in
times of emergency, such as the one we face today. The Toolkit
Comprises of Multi-purpose Isolation Cells, Large
Multipurpose Cells, Foldable Bed, Foot Operated Soap
dispensers, Upcycled PVC Bamboo basin and Bamboo
Partitions. The fabric used for the beds, partitions, and
deployable enclosures is UV stabilized, fire retardant and also
has the property to disintegrate the virus in a matter of hours.
The simplistic bamboo frame and cloth tent allow for safe and
comfortable distancing and isolating, and can be
manufactured and assembled easily and almost anywhere.
Fig. 14 : COVID-19 Toolkit
Each idea submitted for this initiative outlined the most 13. Safety measures at railway ticket counter, Amee Ambani
important issues that we are facing today. Besides these
14. A Green Dream, Aditi Dhavle and Anurag Bhambal
comprehensive selected projects, Special Mentions were
awarded to 16 other teams : 15. Touch-Me-Not, Zinal Dudhat and Jasma Vekaria
1. Low Cost Bed, Jayendar. A and Akshaya R . 16. Holistic Rural Development, Mishali Desai
2. Concoction of Smaller Interventions, Sampada Netke

On his experience of reviewing the entries Ar. George
3. COVID-19 SHELTER DESIGN, Kaif Ali
Ferguson said, “it was intriguing to see the variety. It has been
4. Dignity Villages, Kavneet Grover really interesting trying to compare 'drums with violins' and
'mice with elephants' - which is always difficult - but so many
5. Assess I Brainstorm I Crowdsource I Deploy, Gita
good ideas with some standing out from the pack”. The
Balakrishnan and Ankita Arora
response from the community and the innovation that
6. Vaahan, Kanchi Parmar participants came up in the times of a global crisis is much
appreciated. As aptly said by French poet Victor Hugo,
7. Sanitation Facility for Construction Workers, Phalguni
Pendharkar “There is one thing stronger than all the armies in the world,
and that is an Idea whose time has come.”
8. Signage and Communication Design through Craft, Kaustav
Kalyan Deb Burman This initiative evoked a lot of interest, and generated original
thinking. However, the onus of citing any ideas borrowed rests
9. Upgrade Your Space, Lakhan Gujarati
with the submitter. A summary report of these ideas is
10. Construction Site Guidelines and Safety Regulations, available on the website www.ethosindia.in and a detailed
Radhika Suresh and Aparna Lakshmy Krishnan one can be requested for from the IIA or Ethos. We invite all
11. BRAHMASTRA- a fashion oriented tool, Prabhanshu industry partners, NGOs, organizations or individuals who can
sharma help implement some of these solutions on ground to come

forward and get in touch with us at :
12. Strategic Response, Nitika Verma [email protected]

AN INTEGRATED DESIGN FOR SHOPPING CENTRE AND
TRANSPORTATION HUB AT SHIVAJINAGAR, BANGALORE
An Integrated Design for Shopping Centre and
Transportation Hub at Shivajinagar, Bangalore
Mr. Shreyas Varun K. - Email : [email protected]
Mr. Shreyas Varun K., originally from Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh), have been living in Bengaluru
since birth. He is pursuing Undergraduate program(B.Arch) in Nitte School of Architecture Planning
& Design and currently studying in 7th semester. He is always trying to learn new skills to keep pace
with the changing technology landscape. He especially value dedication, passion towards goal, being
able to communicate, respect for culture and elders, staying healthy and the freedom to think out of
the box.
Ms. Shreelaxmi S. - Email : [email protected]

Ms. Shreelaxmi S. is pursuing Undergraduate program (B.Arch) in Nitte School of Architecture
Planning & Design and currently studying in 7th semester. Growing up in a family full of art
enthusiasts, designing has always fascinated me. She is a hard-worker who believes in consistency
and growth.
Ms. Misha Khatija - Email : [email protected]

Ms. Misha Khatija is pursuing Undergraduate program (B.Arch) in Nitte School of Architecture
Planning & Design and currently studying in 7th semester. A motivated student, able to make
decisions, solve problems and a team player with good communication skills.
(Supervisors : Prof. Dr. N. S. Nalini, Ar. Bindu Malhotra, Ar. Dhruva Kumar, Ar. Badri Narayan, Prof. Dr. Rekha Chandran Jetty)
ABSTRACT : Aim of the project was to design a space that would cater to all classes of Shivajinagar area. It was necessary to
restore the earlier activities of the site by giving space for the small scale vendors too who occupied that space. Therefore the
theme was gentrification without displacement thereby encouraging all possible activities of the neighbourhood within the
shopping complex. The other challenge of the project was a proposed underground metro station, due to which the site was
bifurcated into two triangles. The design proposal dealt with this challenge creatively by interconnecting bridges.
Introduction : complexes, restaurants and/or hotels run a thriving business.

One such location was chosen as part of the Architectural
The primary changes observed in urban life as a consequence Design major project for B. Arch 5th semester studio. The
of urbanization are a hurried lifestyle, demand for faster students belong to the NITTE School of Architecture,
modes of transportation, long-distance traveling, and so on. Bangalore. The site is located in the Shivajinagar area in
On the other hand, the positive side of urbanization provided Bangalore city, Karnataka state.
more job opportunities and higher income. Infrastructure and
transportation also developed correspondingly to keep in Bangalore is one of the rapidly growing cities in India (Deccan
tune with the pace of peoples' lifestyles. Several city Herald, 2020) and globally, and Shivajinagar is a well-known
authorities are planning to integrate different modes of Central Business District (CBD) as well as the commercial hub
transportation (Bhattacharya and Rathi, 2015) terminals in of this city. Historically Shivajinagar is one of the oldest areas
close proximity, to aid long-distance travellers. Such locations of the city and it was known as Blackpally during the colonial
turn into real estate hot-spots where in general shopping rule. It houses many heritage structures like Bowring and

Curzon Hospital, Russel market, St Mary's Basilica among other two sides could be accounted for the built-up area (Fig 1
others. In the name of progress, many of these historical and 2). The second challenge was to accommodate ample car
structures have given way to modern buildings due to the parking space in the basement with site constraints due to the
onslaught of urbanization. Today Shivajinagar is one of the underground metro station. The third challenge was
prominent shopping areas with popular places like connectivity; between metro and bus station, had to consider
Commercial Street and Russel market. It has a large bus station level difference; and connecting the two blocks on either side
and is well connected with the majority of localities in the city. to create an interesting architectural design.
The site is located adjacent to Shivajinagar bus station and was

recently chosen by the government for the construction of an
underground metro station as part of the Bangalore Metro Rail
Corporation Limited (BMRCL) phase 2 rail networks. A
feasibility study was carried out by the students to arrive at the
best possible proposal for the site through the elimination
process. The study finally concluded that the proposal of
shopping complex integrated with office and restaurant
spaces, is most appropriate for that prime location. Students
were also given the challenge of designing Transit-Oriented
Development as a minor project, wherein creating
connectivity between the bus station and the metro station
through the shopping complex was the main design objective.
Design Challenges :
The project started by referring to the necessary bye-laws
which required special attention due to the proposal of the
underground metro station. The major design constraint due
to the proposed metro station was that the metro line is
running diagonally right through the middle of the site.
Because of this, 20 m from the centre of the metro line on
either side could not have any structure that needed a
foundation. This divided the site into three parts, of which the Fig. 2 : Site plan showing the layout plan of proposed
central part could not have any superstructure and only the underground metro station.
Design Proposal :
The overall site area measured 3.02 acres. The site is close to
Russel Market, a FAR of 2.5, and ground coverage of 75% was
allowed as per the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike
(BBMP) byelaws. As a result permissible total built-up area
was 30,577.5 Sq. M in which ground coverage was 9173.25 Sq.
M. Proposal of underground metro line almost divided the site
into two and with 20 M offset the two triangles measured
4346.371 Sq. m and 2579.25 Sq. m. Central atrium measured
4170.14 Sq M. To achieve the required FAR with the given
ground coverage a minimum of ground plus four floors were
required but the maximum permissible was ground plus 12
floors. Therefore students proposed stores and food courts on
the lower floors (Fig 3 and 4) and upper floors were given for
offices and restaurants (Fig 5 and 6). Location of the site being
in the prime area, the shops were designed keeping in mind
the visibility of shops and brand value. Hence the types of
shops proposed were premium, standard and mini. While
frontage of all these types had to remain uniform, the total
area inside varied as per brand value. Premium shops were
also proposed with fashionable currently trending double-
height spaces. While these are general design processes
Fig. 1 : Site plan showing the division of site due to the carried out, challenges were picked up efficiently by three
proposed underground metro station. students.
Fig. 3 : Ground, first and second floor plans showing the Fig. 5 : Fifth floor plan showing the layout of
layout of shops. Two wheeler parking and entry-exit points offices and multiplexes.
to basement in ground floor.
Central Atrium : community space that feels more advanced yet boosts the
sense of belonging, a place that invites people from the
Considering the location of the project to be in Shivajinagar, a neighbourhood. Gentrification is a process of changing the
place full of live, diverse culture and people belonging to character of a neighbourhood through the influx of more
different economic groups, the idea was to design a gentrified affluent residents and businesses. This is a common and
controversial topic in urban planning. Gentrification often
increases the economic value of a neighbourhood, but the
resulting demographic change is frequently a cause of
controversy. Hence we focus on gentrification without
displacement. The design attempted to provide a solution for
this issue by using the central 4170.14 sq.m space for place
making of the space, where a vibrant, lively space, a market
like ambience was created with temporary stalls and place for
hawkers. Placemaking also included a performance area for
street plays as a point of interest and seating spaces with
beautiful landscaping (Fig 7).
The shopping complex was designed in a continuous loop

between the two buildings with a point of interest (anchor
stores, departmental stores, eateries) at the ends to make the
shoppers walk all around the complex to generate footfall,
majority of the shops are provided with shop fronts towards
the atrium or the circulation space not only to achieve more
rental value and to maximize the visibility of every shop but to
create a more colourful atmosphere. The multiplex which is
capable of generating footfall in the morning and night was
located in a space in which the people have to walk past a line
of stores to reach it. The office space above was designed as a
productive co-working space which is not only a flexible space
Fig. 4 : Third floor plan showing the layout of
but a one with ample room of various sizes and functions.
shops and food courts.

Fig. 6 : (a) Sixth floor plan showing the layout of Fig. 6 : (b) Typical floor plan 7th - 12th
offices and restaurants.
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) :

Though by definition 'TOD, or transit-oriented development,
means integrated urban places designed to bring people,
activities, buildings, and public space together, with easy
walking and cycling connection between them and near-
excellent transit service to the rest of the city' (ITDP), in this
design problem we only focused on connectivity between the
bus shelter and the metro station through the shopping
complex. The metro line running below the site has the exit
coming up into the site. The location of the exit is designed
such that one can view most of the activities happening in the
shopping complex as the public come up and also could
accommodate the continuous influx of people from the
metro. This will help the shopping complex attract more
people coming out of the metro station. This is an
international approach adopted by Korea, Japan, and the
Netherlands among others. People can shop on their way
home encouraging public transport over private. There are
three ways to exit after landing in the shopping complex from
the metro station.
● From behind the complex to the bus stand.
● Passing through the ground floor of one of the complexes
to get to the bus stand.
Fig. 7 : Central, Atrium design solution to the space ● Walking through the site to reach the main road.
above the metro station.
Making people walk through the complex and the site will be
an added advantage to the income as the majority of the
people who come there are for shopping and the rest as a
point of change over routes to commute (Figure 8). Another
attraction on the site is the weekly flea markets. This will hold
the people for a little longer on the site and encourage them to
explore more places in the site thereby helps in community
Connecting metro to integration. The site also transformed as a congregational
shopping complex space during the festivals like Ramzan and St Mary's feast, the
two main festivals observed in the neighbourhood.
Mid landing of metro exit
Ticketing platform at -6.5m
Mid Platform level at -11.5m
Track level at -12.5m

Fig. 8 : TOD, connecting metro station to shopping complex
CAR PARKING :
69><2=138 (G-1)
169><4=676 (G-2)
TOTAL = 814
(in which 69 are vacant) = 745
(1:10)
Fig. 9 : Basement Floor Plan. (a) G-1 Parking, (b) G-2 Stack Parking

Fig. 10 : Section showing the two block of shopping complex with the underground metro station and basement car parking
Parking facility : Conclusions :
As per the byelaw for the permissible built-up area obtained, The design of the shopping complex with integrated TOD was
parking for 600 cars were required with around 1000 two- thus handled by the students efficiently who came up with
wheeler parking. It was a challenge to provide parking for the innovative design concepts. The design not only looked at
required number with the available site area and the gentrification without displacement but also provided design
restrictions due to the proposal of an underground metro solutions to bifurcated site through interconnected building
station. After referring to several case studies, new techniques parts. The challenge of providing parking facilities was
of car parking were identified that are fully automated. Stack tactically handled by recent innovative method of mechanical
parking is one such type and among several types of stack stack parking system.
parking Puzzle Stack Parking was adopted as it has the
advantage of less ground coverage with provision for more REFERENCES :
cars (Figure 9). To fit the required number, two levels of 1. Bangalore Metro Railway Project phase 2 , Accessed on 8 April
parking were provided, in which G-1 level had 2 stacks and G-2 2 0 2 0 , h t t p s : / / ka n n a d a . b m r c . c o . i n / F i l e U p l o a d s /
had 4 stacks. Only the G-1 level is accessible for the public phase2forweb.pdf
whereas the G-2 level was restricted to service purposes only. 2. Bhattacharya, S., and Rathi, S.(2015). Reconceptualising Smart
Cities: A Reference Framework for India, (CSTEP-Report-2015-03)
Parking in the basement is given access through a ramp, for 3. Citizen Matters, 2008. Accessed on 8 April 2020.
entrance and exit separately. Vacant voids are provided for https://bengaluru.citizenmatters.in/682-bangalore-
easy flow of cars to stack and to get them out (Figure 10). The shivajinagar-intach-parichay-heritage-682
Parking was divided into clusters of five, so that the operation 4. Deccan Herald. (2020). Accessed on April 30, 2020.
could be done in less time. The entire Puzzle Stack Parking is https://www.deccanherald.com/city/top-bengaluru-
run by electricity and a separate generator was provided for stories/bengaluru-to-be-world-s-fastest-growing-city-report-
parking to function even when there were power shutdowns. 797359.html
Two-wheeler parking was provided at ground level in the front 5. Draft Bengaluru Transit Oriented Development Policy, February,
and on sides of the site. The foundation design for the 2019.http://urbantransport.kar.gov.in/ Draft%20Bengaluru%
basement considered vibration of the metro rail movement. 20ToD%20Policy%20 with%20Annexure.pdf

CHANGING LAND DYNAMICS DUE TO URBAN SPRAWL
Changing Land Dynamics Due To Urban Sprawl

Ar. Shubhangi Saxena - Email : [email protected]
Ar. Shubhangi Saxena is an Architect, Industrial Designer cum Academician. From past one year
working as an Assistant Professor at University School of Architecture and Planning (USAP), GGSIPU,
New Delhi. She completed Masters of Design with specialization in Industrial Design from School of
Planning and Architecture, New Delhi in 2014 and B.Arch. from Amity University, Noida, U.P. in 2012.
Having a teaching experience of four and a half years, worked in an GGSIPU affiliated college, MBS
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi for three and a half years.
Ar. Varsha Singh - Email : [email protected]

Ar. Varsha Singh is an Architect (B.Arch 2009 passout) and Regional Planner (M.Plan 2011 passout)
from Pune University and School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi respectively. She has 9+
years of experience in planning, designing and execution of residential, commercial and institutional
projects in North India and is currently working at National Institute of Urban Affairs, deputed at
Delhi Development Authority for the formulation of Master Plan for Delhi 2041.
ABSTRACT : As per the information available from the United Nations, two thirds of the world economy currently is generated
from cities, and as per the recent estimates and trends, nearly 70 percent of the world would live in urban areas by 2030. For
India, the estimated urban population stands at 50 percent by 2030, a massive change from the current 35 percent.
Land is a limited resource and one cannot stop a megacity such as Delhi to put a stop to in-migration, thus, there is a pressing
need to combat this resultant, unchecked urban sprawl which is leading to depletion of fertile peripheral agricultural areas,
under utilisation of existing land use due to restrictive building codes, depletion of water bodies etc.. The maximum growth in
the near future is expected to be in and around megacities which see the maximum amount of migration of people from rural
areas to these bustling urban centres in search for better opportunities and improved quality of life.
The ever-increasing population cannot be accommodated within the existing city limits without taking proactive steps such as
reworking the development controls, spatial redistribution, encouraging mixed land use development, implementing transit-
oriented development models, improving infrastructure network. There is an immediate and serious need for effectively and
efficiently integrating issues of land use, housing, socio-economic aspects, industrial/services development, energy use,
transportation and environment planning in these ever-expanding urban centres to accommodate this population and
preventing urban sprawl instreaming several cross-cutting issues such as climate change, disaster risk reduction etc. as well as
following laid down planning procedures. Even with a growing population of close to 1.8 crores, one cannot by any stretch of
imagination stop migration into Delhi, but through effective, scientific and contemporary planning tools, we can definitely
improve the living conditions of those who choose to inhabit the megacity.
KEYWORDS : Urban sprawl, Urbanization, Megacity, Land and Population, Sustainable cities
Introduction of the national economic activities like trade and commerce,

governance, transportation, and thus act as a bridge between
"Cities are born, change and sometimes disappear based on rural and urban areas. It is this economic growth that propels
the creation or closure of commercial routes, development or the productive peripheral rural areas to turn into nouveau
decline of industrial manufacturing processes, discovery or cheaper urban areas.
exhaustion of mining resources, or development of services
and tourism" (Lacaze, 1990). Background and Purpose of the Study
As per the information available from the United Nations, two
Cities are seen as epicentres/ engines of economic growth. For thirds of the world economy currently is generated from cities,
India this roughly translates to 50 percent of urban population and as per the recent estimates and trends, nearly 70 percent
by 2030. Globally too, this number stands at 50 percent of the world would live in urban areas by 2030. For India, the
contributing to 80 percent of the global GDP. Cities are thrust estimated urban population stands at 50 percent by 2030, a
areas for economic and social development. They focus much massive change from the current 35 percent.

Land use transformations that occur in these fast-growing Methodology

urban centres particularly under the form of urban sprawl, is
an important phenomenon due to its environmental and The background study deals with the topic and shall help
socioeconomic impacts. This sprawl directly has an impact on understand the viability and need of the study. It includes the
the transformation of the land use of not only of the urban important analysis of the rising trends of urbanisation in India
area, but also of the immediate area of influence which usually and establishing the essence of Urban Sprawl and concluding
is the highly productive-peripheral agricultural area. with the factors responsible for it. The literature study will help
in understanding the phenomenon of sprawl in detail. This is
Of course, optimists would always favour urban sprawl for its followed by the analysis of the status of urban sprawl in the
superficial positive aspects like better employment city and fringe areas and the triggering factors leading to
opportunities for people, enhanced economic growth rates sprawl. The third stage aims at identification of the issues and
and lower property prices. But, the negative aspects such as problems as an outcome of the analysis. The last stage
higher water and air pollution, increased traffic fatalities and elaborates about the formulation of the planning strategies
jams, loss of agricultural capacity, increased car dependency, for an integrated and planned development approach of
higher taxes, increased runoff into rivers and lakes, harmful urban sprawl of a city. For case studies, two cities have been
effects on human health, including higher rates of obesity, taken up for understanding the phenomenon and identifying
high blood pressure, hypertension and chronic diseases, the underlined causes of the change in land dynamics of the
increased flooding, decrease in social capital and loss of two cities respectively.
natural habitats, wildlife and open space. Urban sprawl
effortlessly eats up prime agricultural land, woodlands, Concept of Urban Sprawl
wetlands in its path. It consumes immeasurable acres of
forests, farmland, woodlands and wetlands and in its wake, Urban sprawl is the growth of a metropolitan or urban area in
leaves vacant storefronts, vacant houses, closed businesses, an unplanned and unstructured manner. It occurs due to
abandoned and usually contaminated industrial sites and callous development of prime peripheral land into scattered
traffic congestion. urban uses. The remainder areas or gaps left in between are
slowly bridged with complementary uses. Urban growth
Objectives of the Study patterns can be found across time and space due to physical,
This study starts with understanding the concept of urban geographic, cultural, legislative, administrative, social,
sprawl and also investigates the drivers of urban sprawl which economic or environmental constraints (Mitrea, 2008;
dictate the transformation of land. These mainly pertain to the Petrişor, 2008). This sprawl can be further classified as
effects of rapid development and city structure compact (e.g. concentric, grid, or linear) and diffuse (e.g.
transformation. Identifying the driving forces are useful patches, tentacles, strips, federative). Temporal growth of
concept for exploring urban sprawl. This requires an urban centres determines the future path of these cities.
understanding of causes and effects on the structure of the
city. This paper seeks to explore these driving forces through Types of Sprawls
study of urban sprawl and its connections with various
guidelines set by planning authorities in various cities. In Broadly sprawl is of three types or in other words a city grows
addition, this study shall reveal the connections between in a set and understood spatial pattern which can be described
these driving forces and its effects on the land dynamics in through three terminologies described by Harvey (1965).
cities, highlighting the most significant factors such as land These are: - Low density continuous development, Ribbon
degradation, socio-economic and environmental issues. development and Leap frog development:
Low-density (radial) Ribbon sprawl Leapfrog sprawl

sprawl
High Density Sprawl Medium Density Sprawl Low Density Sprawl
Fig. 1 : Types of Urban Sprawls (Source: link.springer.com)

Low-density sprawl - The immoderate and unplanned Impact of Urban Sprawl on Development
consumptive usage of land for urban uses along the periphery
of current urban areas/ city limits. It also exhibits bunched up Land Impact
physical and social infrastructure like water supply, sewerage,
electrification, schools, health clinics and that of mobility. Unlike what we are made to believe, urban sprawl isn't a new
term or for that matter a new phenomenon. It is a natural
Ribbon development – This variety of sprawl tends to follow phenomenon accompanying rapid urban growth. It dates back
the major transportation corridors that originate from the to Roman age as well, when Rome was the first city to reach a
core city. This newly converted land, over a period of time status of being a million plus city. In spite of several
tends to demand a better premium due to its enhanced impositions and limitations put on Rome, it grew.
attributes. The corresponding infrastructure extends vertically
as well as horizontally along the development corridors. But sprawl is the unchecked, unintelligent, unplanned,
(Linear). It is only the land along these transport corridors clustered growth and expansion of an area without
which are developed. Those parcels that are devoid of this do completely exploring the impact of such a spread. It is steered
not tend to undergo this transformation. by a plethora of different externalities that lead to inefficient
and detrimental resource implementation that can be
Leap frog development – This type of sprawl consists of the attributed to the result of urbanisation. The major
sporadic arrangement of land in urban use. These parcels tend characteristics can be based on density changes, growth
to be separated from each other. This form of development is pattern, land use, public service access, public space,
the costliest and most resource consuming with respect to infrastructure and the planning process, among the other
providing urban services such as water supply and sewerage. indicators discussed above.
Characterizations of Urban Sprawl
Such expansion thus occurs in a scattered fashion, and
According to Galster et al. (2001), there are 8 clear indicators productive agricultural land is frequently replaced with
of sprawl- suburban sprawl, even though sprawl is synonymous with
growth, it generally has negative connotations due to the
Density : In terms of population and building density. health, environment and cultural issues associated with the
term. As cities get bigger, the first natural and organic step to
Continuity : In terms of sporadic or continuous development follow is the expansion around the peripheries and along the
of the said fringe areas. major transport corridors. This is far easier and cheaper than
redensifying the central core/centrality of the city, in order to
Concentration : In terms of how evenly spread the growth is,
accommodate the increasing population.
whether it is even or sporadic.
Clustering : In terms of the degree of the bunching up of Urban sprawl is often seen as a short cut to urbanisation, a lazy
development. form of urban development that devours productive
peripheral agricultural areas. With lesser initial investment,
Centrality : The loss of centrality is one of the most serious one can easily accommodate the increase in population within
concern about sprawl. the urban fringe areas, without touching the existing
development code or building bylaws. The rate at which
Nuclearity : In terms of the number of city cores and its impact India's productive agricultural land is being destroyed and
on the new fringe development. recklessly developed and converted to other uses continues to
increase. This again happens due to a wide variety of factors.
Mixed uses : In terms of separation of different types of land
Agricultural areas in the periphery of such urban settlements
uses from one another (in terms of division of residential,
is also usually the most productive, but due to its location and
commercial, institutional, recreational uses, along with
proximity it is almost always lying in the way of urban
differentiation on the basis of income and race)
expansion or development.
Proximity : In terms of the contiguousness of the different
types of land uses with one another. The lack of which Such a fringe can be a bridge between the rural area on the one
contributes to secondary causes of urban sprawl. side and urban centre on the other; all the characteristics of
urbanity and realism are medium in the fringe area. These
The built-up component of an urban-scape is what is taken up characteristics are travel time, urban habits, land-values,
as a standard in determining the urban sprawl (Torrens and public utility services, community population, non-
Alberti, 2000; Barnes et al., 2001; Epstein et al., 2002). It is agricultural activities, population density, primary activities,
measured as the key component of urban sprawl. This built up built up area and sex ratio, literacy and agricultural activities,
data is acquired using satellite imagery, toposheets, survey etc. The characteristic may vary from town to town on the
maps. basis of the physical and cultural status of the town.

Obviously, the long-term implications of such random, controlled. Almost 80 percent of their population already
clustered development are neither accounted for nor catered resides in urban areas. Whereas, the opposite holds true for
for. The rate at which the peripheral land is acquired for developing countries. They are at the cusp of the
development far outruns the rate at which there is planned transformation process from an agrarian to a manufacturing
growth. It then becomes a classic case of short-term solutions or service driven economy. This shift is what causes the decline
breeding long term problems. In such cases it is the market in agricultural practices and paves way for a permanent shift to
forces that completely dictate the land use change dynamics. secondary and tertiary sectors.
Urban sprawl not only eats up prime agricultural land, it The growth of any city depends on the main contributing
impacts on natural resources and energy, life quality and entities like population growth and time. With time this
health, but also destroys the rural economy, makes urban dynamic process of sprawl evolves and leads to formation of
infrastructure unsustainable due to large networks that forms agglomerations and conurbations spreading over other urban
as a result of this expansion, uneconomical commuting due to centres and engulfing more suburban areas. Hence there is
the lower quality of transport services, increased cost of living certainly a two-way process between these factors that lead to
apart from damaging our environment irreversibly. (Salas- change in the city dynamics and these factors are thereby
Olmedo and Nogués, 2010) responsible for Sprawl. Sprawl can be said to be a result of
these changes and vice-versa. Hence it will not be wrong to
Another consequence that is often side-lined is the characterise Sprawl and define it like a process, a
concentration of higher income groups in these low-density phenomenon rather than a constant.
areas, which end up creating pockets of high and extremely
low-income groups. The more affluent one is, the closer they Socio-Economic Impact
stay to their workplace and to the public infrastructure, as it is
these areas that demand the highest cost for the same parcel The outcomes and centrality of spread, great or not, are
of land. assessed dependent on its financial and natural effect. In the
accompanying segment, the financial results of spread are
In order to tackle this, the immediate thought of redensifying considered, just as the effect of spread on ecological assets
the existing inner cores and implementing what is the go-to and characteristic assets.
concept of the decade of "Transit oriented Development"
comes to mind, besides alterations to the development codes, The feeling has all the earmarks of being isolated over the
building bylaws. social and monetary effect of spread, and proof shows that the
two advantages and costs collect from this wonder. For
In another dimension, transportation and communication instance, a publication in Herald on September 5, 2001 that
technology innovations have also contributed to the spread of considered the social advantages of spread referred to an
urban functions over wide geographic areas, resulting in ongoing report by Matthew Kahn of Tufts University's Fletcher
settlement systems that are not easily captured by a simple School, where Kahn presumes that spread is decreasing the
urban–rural structure. In addition, some areas with zones of lodging hole among blacks and whites and is expanding the
huge intense economic activity have emerged in the reasonableness of lodging in the two rural areas and urban
intersection between cities and rural areas that are neither communities. "As spread builds, the lodging of Black
urban nor rural. In the traditional sense they contain essential Americans all the more intently moves toward that of White
elements of both. This has resulted to be the scene and setting Americans in the size of their homes and probability of home
of a huge social, economic, and political transformation. The proprietorship" (Herald, 2001). Pundits of current enemy of
physical aspects like that of urban development, socio- spread projects are worried that these endeavours will drive
economic factors have been effectively considered when up lodging costs, expanding the potential for exclusionary
quantifying urban sprawl issues. impacts.
The analysis of urban sprawl and its indicators provides a deep In any case, spread forces significant financial, passionate,
insight in addressing the main issues related to the land use tasteful, and physical expenses on inhabitants in the country's
and land cover features. In fact, through the indicators of significant metropolitan regions. Horrible financial costs
urban sprawl, and in addition to that the consistent incorporate higher charges, greater expenses of giving
assessment of the situation, it is possible to understand the f ra m e wo r k , a n ta g o n i st i c m o n e ta r y i m p a c t s o n
dynamics of landscape capacities of peri-urban areas around neighbourhood governments; sick wellbeing from air
urban agglomerations and therefore to reform the planning contamination created by traffic, and decreased specialist
instruments in current practice. efficiency. Passionate costs incorporate loss of network soul
and qualities and loss of feeling of spot. Tasteful costs
Urban Sprawl is not limited to developed countries, and may incorporate less recreation time and uglier, dreary rural
be even more prevalent in developing countries. Future scenes. Physical costs incorporate stuffed schools, expanded
population growth in developed nations will be far more traffic blockage, longer driving occasions, and increasingly

forceful driving examples. There is checked spatial divergence Farming grounds, timber, and water are sustainable assets in
in riches among urban communities and rural areas, and land that they react to human control, and with cautious the board,
improvement design setting up and utilizing mass travel their utilization can be broadened uncertainly. Minerals, for
frameworks troublesome (Harrison 1967). For example, Stoel example, non-renewable energy sources and metallic
refers to a recent report on traffic clog that gauges the normal minerals are non-inexhaustible, for they are devoured in the
Washington D.C. worker loses two work filled weeks out of creation of products, and people can't incite their collection.
every year stuck on streets and interstates, with the expense in
postponements and fuel totalling 1,055.00 Dollars per Croplands and brushing lands are regular assets in that the
inhabitant of the metropolitan locale (1999). items or merchandise got from these terrains – yields, meat,
and poultry—are extricated, at that point conveyed among
Environmental Impact individuals from society by means of commercial centre
exchanges. Farming in India relies upon a blend of natural
Sprawl considerably affects biological systems and other administrations, for example, soil richness, soil dampness, sun
ecological assets, which give cultural and natural advantages powered vitality, and atmosphere, contributions of human,
just by existing and working. These fundamental natural and animal, and petroleum product vitality by means of work and
physical frameworks incorporate wetlands that give flood apparatus, and a variety of different sources of info, practices,
control and wastewater redesign; air, timberlands, and and projects, for example, composts, pesticides, water
meadows that give atmosphere guideline; biodiversity factors system, soil preservation, research, and government agrarian
that add to solid, well-working biological systems; and bolster programs.
merchandise, for example, sun powered vitality, wind vitality,
style, clean air, clean water, and potential assets. Natural Case Studies
assets add to, however are not immediate sources of info or
yields of monetary frameworks, for they are products and For the purpose of understanding the impact of urban sprawl
ventures gave ordinarily set up, merchandise and enterprises on land dynamics and the reasons behind that growth, two
that proceed as long as the biological frameworks and spaces cities are taken into consideration for understanding and
expected to create them stay unaltered. Nonetheless, over the identifying the factors. The cities chosen have distinct features
top contamination, biological system demolition, and and are among the tier 2 cities.
different types of abuse debase or crush natural assets (Daily
Pune
1997).
Pune has a population of 31.15 lakhs as per census 2011 and
Different impacts of spread may not be so self-evident, on the
ranks 8th in the list of most populous cities in India. There has
grounds that they hinder the nature of both ground and
been 74% increase in the urban area for Pune in the period of
surface waters, ineffectively performing septic frameworks
1971-2001. The city density is 128 pph and the growth pattern
which represent a noteworthy ecological risk. Inhabitants who
shows sectoral residential development clusters evident after
are subject to close by or on location wells for their water
1985. Some of the salient features for the city and its fringes
supply may find that groundwater pollution by bombing septic
are:
frameworks, which compromises their well being and welfare.
Likewise, gushing from polluted groundwater sources and • The rapid advent of Information Technology (IT)
tempest water overflow starting from impenetrable surfaces attracted migrant workers post 2001. Pune saw a rise in
debases sea-going, estuarine, and close shore marine population by approx. 50% in search of better career
biological systems. opportunities.
Impact on Natural Resources • Maximum number of people living in the peripheral
areas of Pune were dependent on this amplified income.
Rural areas are presently viewed as the predominant private,
Which in turn enabled them to afford better housing
retail, and business focuses of development, political muscle,
with better infrastructure. This led to development of
and the continuation and replication of this pattern places
residential townships in the peripheral areas which led to
tremendous pressure ashore, water, and different assets
changes in land dynamics in the form of unplanned,
(Diamond and Noonan 1996, 94). Rural and exurban
haphazard development.
advancement not just debases ecological assets, for example,
water quality, air quality, and untamed life territories, yet • The expansion of the core city along the transport nodes
additionally restricts or disposes of openness to normal had transformed the predominantly agricultural
assets, for example, farming lands, timberland, minerals, and peripheral areas, into new residential townships. This
water. Common assets are the structure squares of monetary newly converted habitable areas were then inhabited by
frameworks, without which economies would stop to work. the migrant population that cannot afford the high rents
Regular assets are removed from the ecological situations and in the inner core, so the construction in fringe areas were
changed into completed merchandise or utilized for control. all rampant and unplanned.

• The unplanned growth had a number of serious adverse Jaipur

effects. Large areas became characterized by the initial Jaipur is the 10th most populous city in India with 30.73 lakhs
scattered land uses so that balanced planning of the people spread over an urban area of 288 sq.km. The density in
areas became impossible. The lack of planning is also 2001 in 107 pph experiencing mixed development pattern
reflected in the high cost and poor qualities of public after 1980's on the fringes. Industries are the most important
facilities serving the urban fringe areas. economic base for the city and have a work participation rate
of 49%. Some of the salient features are:
• In-migration towards cities due to lack of employment in
the agricultural sector and displacement of people due • Requirement of additional houses has increased the
to river-erosion and frequent natural disasters produced demand of land within the core city and outskirts of city.
high rate of urbanization. Increasing land value trend shows the demand of
residential land increased over time, as when mass
• As Urbanization took place, their needs increased, the migration happened, the need arose which increases the
greater number of people started living in smaller plots standard of living and people are compelled to live in
of land which led to increase in density of buildings, basic outskirts to satiate the same.
necessities and more consumption of water with other • The pressure increases on the urban area, the demand of
natural resources. This resulted in depletion of water land increases, the land prices go up, even the sharing of
body, namely river Mula-Mutha, due to urban sprawl basic infrastructure like road network, water supply,
which can be seen in the temporal analysis in the land sewerage, and natural resources like land, ground water
use maps showed below. increases.
Fig. 2 : Land Use/Land Cover Map of Pune 1973, 1982, 2001 & 2011
(Source: Landsat Thematic Mapper)

• The emergence of fringe zone with its complex problems The absence of intra city public transport in these older
of adjustments in between rural and urban ways of life pockets having narrower roads and poor connectivity has
has led to serious land use problems like loss of hampered the inner-city growth, pushing the city outwards.
agricultural land, unauthorized urban sprawl, high land For optimal utilisation of land, the existing legal tools, building
values, unauthorized constructions and speculation in bylaws and regulations should be reformed and liberalised.
land prices due to market forces. There is a need for demand-based building regulations. The
building bylaws need periodic revisions and changes as per
• It has been observed that there has been a 400 percent changing market scenarios. There is a need for increased plot
growth rate in urban area from 1971 to 2001. coverage, building heights, along with an increase in
population density, which would in turn curb the city
Conclusion
expansion, enabling better use of existing land. In view of this,
The expansion of urban area is mainly at the cost of peripheral the science-based effective control of urban growth has
agricultural land. The private developers played an important become an important component in the city planning that
role in land development. Development control rules used by must be considered in urban planning and policy design, to
town planners have always been a tool for controlling the city curb damaging land use changes due to city sprawl.
sprawl. But as one can see, in the 1980s period, due to
Acknowledgement
availability of surplus land for urbanisation, there were no
such development control rules or building bylaws to control The completion of this research paper gives us immense
the urban sprawl. This led to city expansion and change in its pleasure. We are extremely grateful to our families for the
dynamics over a period. The core/ central part of these cities continuous motivation and support during the preparation of
especially the old areas lack basic facilities like proper this research. Also, we would also like to thank our workplaces,
drainage, sewerage and solid waste disposal. This not only led University School of Architecture and Planning, GGSIPU and
to expansion along existing infrastructure, but led to income National Institute of Urban Affairs for continuously providing
and race-based clustering of population. us with good inspiration and motivation.
Jaipur City Jaipur City

2016 2011 Jaipur City
2001
Jaipur City Jaipur City

1980 1972 Showing Changing Pattern
of Landuse of Jaipur City
1972 to 2016
Legend
Landuse Landcover Class
Urban - Settlements
Agriculture
Natural Vegitation
Pasture Land
Water Body
Kilometers
0 2 4 8
Fig. 3 : Land Use/Land Cover Map of Jaipur 1972, 1980, 2001, 2011 & 2016
(Source: Landsat Thematic Mapper)

REFERENCES :
1. Lacaze, JP 1990, Les méthodes de l'urbanisme, Deuxième édition corigée, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.
2. Petrişor, AI, Ianoş, I & Tălângă, C 2010, 'Land cover and use changes focused on the urbanization processes in Romania',
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, vol. 9,
3. Bullard, RD 2004, Environment and Morality. Confronting Environmental Racism in the United States, Switzerland, United
Nations Research Institute for Social Development.
4. European Environment Agency – EEA, 2006, Urban sprawl in Europe. The ignored challenge, Office for Official
Publications of the Europe and Communities, Luxemburg.
5. Salas-Olmedo H & Nogués S 2010, 'The land use and transport relationship in peripheral areas: policy integration based
on case studies', General Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Transport Research Society, Lisbon, Portugal.
6. Strauss, EJ & Neamţu, B 2006, 'Policy tools for addressing urban sprawl: Urban growth boundaries (II)', Transylvanian
Review of Administrative Sciences, vol. 16
7. Jess M. Krannich, 2006, Modern Disaster: Agricultural Land, Urban Growth, and the Need for a Federally Organized
Comprehensive Land Use Planning Model, Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy, vol 16
8. Nancy Chin, Unearthing the Roots of Urban Sprawl: A Critical Analysis of Form, Function and Methodology, Paper 47,
Working Paper Series, 2002, UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis University College London
9. Michael Batty, et al, Traffic, Urban Growth and Suburban Sprawl, Paper 70, Working Paper Series, November 2003, UCL
Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London
10. Banai, R., T. DePriest. 2014, Urban Sprawl: Definitions, Data, Methods of Measurement, and Environmental
Consequences, Journal of Sustainability Education, Vol. 7
11. Bourne L. S., October 2001, The Urban Sprawl Debate: Myths, realities, and hidden agendas, Plan Canada, 41, 26-40
12. Chadchan J, Shankar R., "Analysis of Urban Growth trends in Post-economic reform period in India"
13. Randhawa, Pritpal et. al., 2009, "On the Edge of Sustainability: Perspectives of Peri-urban Dynamics", STEPS Working
Paper 35, Brighton: STEPS Centre
14. Marchand, Claude and Charland, Janine, August 1992, "The Rural-Urban Fringe: A Review of Patterns and developments
Costs", The Intergovernmental Committee on Urban and Regional research, ICURR Press, Toronto
15. Anderson, W. D., "Development at the Urban Fringe and Beyond: Impacts on Agriculture and Rural Land", Economic
Research Service, Washington D.C., U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agriculture Economic Report No.803
16. Gerald Franz, Gunther Maier, Pia Schrock, "Urban Sprawl, How useful is this concept?", Vienna University of Economics
and Business Administration, Vienna, Austria
17. Dutta Dr. Venkatesh, 2012, "War on the dream-How land use dynamics and peri urban growth characteristics of a
sprawling city devour the Master plan and Urban Suitability", University of Maryland, College Park, USA
18. Arbury, Joshua, "From Urban Sprawl to Compact City- A analysis of urban growth management in Auckland"
19. Huyen, Nguyen Thai, May 2007, "The phenomenon of urban sprawl, understand aiming to control it", International
Conference on Sustainable Architectural Design and Urban Planning Hanoi Architectural University, Vietnam
20. Daily, G.C., ed.1997, Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems, Washington D.C.: Island Press
21. Diamond, H.L. and P.F. Noonan, 1996, Land Use in America, Washington D.C.: Island Press
22. Bianca Mitrică et al, 2008, Urban Sprawl and Residential Development in the Romanian Metropolitan Areas
23. Robert O. Harvey and W. A. V. Clark, 1965, The Nature and Economics of Urban Sprawl
24. Galster et al, 2001, Wrestling Sprawl to the Ground: Defining and measuring an Elusive concept, Housing Policy Debate,
Vol 12, Issue 4

ARABIAN SEA OCEANARIUM : PLACE TO CALL HOME FOR MARINE LIFE
Arabian Sea Oceanarium : Place To Call Home For Marine Life

Ar. Anirudha S. Adivarekar - Email : [email protected]
Ar. Anirudha.S.Adivarekar, 25 year on-going born in Pune on 13 January 1995, he study Bachelor of
Architecture from Pune University in 2018, first class with distinction, Current work as freelance
architect. His thesis project "Arabian Sea Oceanarium: place to call home for marine life" is truly
camouflage of Bio-mimicry architecture.
INTRODUCTION :
What is the issue/purpose/cause does your thesis project
serves?
Answer :
The purpose of building an Oceanarium is to help
reproduction of marine life, as open oceans and coastal
sites are losing oxygen and low-oxygen zones are spreading
due to rising ocean temperatures and nutrient pollution
from fertilizers and human sewage. The project will house
sea creatures that live in the epipelagic zone of the sea
coast along the western coast of India, the Malabar, the
gulf of Khambhat and Lakshadweep islands, situated in the
Arabian Sea. This is where over 80% of the fish variety of
India come from, which are in endangered due to the long
term overfishing.
The purpose of the thesis project is also to hold a Marine
DNA research laboratory, specializing in creating a
vaccination for cancer, HIV/AIDS and age-related illnesses
in humans, Sperm Test-tube laboratory for the
reproduction of marine species. After the sea creature is
dead, it is brought to the Oceanarium taxidermy
Laboratory for preservation by stuffing or mounting,
plastination, artificial mounting, preservation marine
species in glycerol/ethanol/formalin and skeleton
preservation for display and study purposes.
The project will provide job opportunities for 300 people of
different capabilities including for physically challenged
people. Planning is done taking into account accessibility
for physically challenged staff and visitors with elevators
with carrying capacity of 36-64 person. Escalators and
ramps will be provided in adequate slopes and space for
queues, all around aquariums to easy movement. Interior
exhibit spaces range from grand to intimate, giving the
spectators an array of diverse environments and moods.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED SITE :

1. SHIVAJI MEMORIAL SITE AREA: 1, 59,600 (15.96 ha)
2. PROPOSED OCEANARIUM CAMPUS SITE AREA: 30,621m²
• BUILDING BUILT UP AREA: 15,131 m²
• ANCILLARY BUILDING SERVICES AREA: 12,500 m²
3. PROPOSED OCEANARIUM CAMPUS SITE SETBACK :
• Entire surrounding Shivaji Memorial site will have 500 m
set back from 13 m Height RCC Janjira fort style wall. The
Oceanarium campus site will have 6m setback from south
& west side; 12m setback north & east side from 13 m
Height RCC Janjira fort style wall.
4. PROPOSED SITE GENERAL DESCRIPTION AS PER BY STATE
GOVERNMENT :
• The site is located in the Arabian Sea supported on pile
foundation resting on rocks. Since, the whole recreational
plot is covered on rock, excavation for basement is not
allowed by the state government.
5. SUSTAINABILITY ECONOMICAL :
• Central government small percentage possible, major
financing by state government economically viable
sustainable
6. STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS :
• Self-Weight Occupants Load, Cyclone Earthquake (Seismic
Load), Tsunami, RCC Pile Foundation & RCC M45
Composite Section & Grid Beam.
7. FACILITIES FOR REACHING The PROPOSED OCEANARIUM :
• Total visitor visit per day at Oceanarium is expected to be
6000. As per proposed traffic plan 10 electric passenger
ferry with 150 carrying capacity per hours from 10.00 am
to 6 pm will be operating from Nariman point and gateway
of India. From gateway of India Sea routes distance is 12
km and from Nariman point is 3.5 km.
8. Annual Energy Consumption & Surplus :
a) 500 solar panel for oceanarium space, which carry 500W
per solar panel. Produce according to sun hours in Mumbai
are as follows.
• Annual Required Energy Consumption : 547.5MW
• Annual Energy Generation : 799.7MW
• Annual Energy Surplus : 252.2MW
b) 250 solar panel for public space, which carry 500W per
solar panel. Produce according to sun hours in Mumbai are
as follows.
• Annual Required Energy Consumption: 273.75MW
• Annual Energy Generation: 399.8MW
• Annual Energy Surplus: 126.1MW



PLANNING CONCEPT
As the facility will get a large number of visitors, special attention was given to the
smooth movement of people visitors as well as staff and segregation of services.
Attention is paid so that there is segregation of various movements.
A. For Visitors :
When visitor arrive from passenger ferry towards visitor jetty, they will located
towards batch (II) entrance foyer (waiting area), with the help of electric cart or
electric bus (until previous visitors complete their one round).
Electric vehicles move forward towards batch (I) entrance foyer for service check out
and ticket counter. Visitors move towards Main foyer, which is center of motion
around the aquarium, where visitors choose which zone such as main display zone or
recreational zone or educational programs like to explore.
Giant foyer is exit point from (3) main display zone. Buruj is second exit point for
visitor, who completes main display zone and recreational zone adjoining with 4D
sky motion theatre and Aqua gift shop. Both the exit point take the visitor at Buruj,
consist lift towards first floor of visitor jetty garden, to watch 360 degree views. Later
on, move down from ramp towards ground floor of visitor jetty, for final exit.
B. For Service and Supporting Staff :
Staff will work in two batches, morning and night shift. 100 staff per batch will arrive
from staff passenger ferry towards service jetty. They will be transfer on an electric
bus and move towards batch (I) entrance foyer for checking. Then they go to
supporting staff room for changing cloths and biometric checking in.
The staff works in many departments such as administrative, financial, reporting,
announcement, guide room, taxidermy laboratory, workshop, marine medical and
biological test-tube laboratory, instrument room, cafeteria kitchen room,
educational program, Sea water purifying and pumping system, solar energy and
rain water harvesting system, drainage and sewage treatment system, Electrical and
Air-conditioning system, Water filtration and supply system, Automatic system etc.
20 fixed care taker staff will be staying in caretaker cabinet, divide in two batches of
morning and night shift.
C. Transportation of Marine Species and Equipment's :
Marine Species and Equipment's are brought from service boat towards service
jetty. Species or Equipment is first loaded in service truck and unloaded on dock;
forklift will carry Marine Species or Equipment towards Oceanarium, with help
service staff and service Elevator carrying capacity 2,500 kg towards destination
display. But if marine species is huge in scale, service truck will directly transport
towards hydro scissor lift carrying capacity 10-20 tons. Located in west and south
side in recreational zone, where large marine mammals, fishes will be display.
D. Transportation of Good's :
Food supply for Cafeteria, Marine Species are brought from service boat per week
only on Monday government which is a via service jetty.
REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Main Live Case Study: The Blue Planet
Oceanarium Denmark, Taraporewala Aquarium
Mumbai.
2. Main Books Case Study: Georgia Oceanarium.
3. Annexure Live Case Study: Jagdish Chandra Bose
Aquarium Gujarat.
4. Annexure Books Case Study : Monterey Bay
Aquarium, National Aquarium (Baltimore),
Lisbon Oceanarium Aquarium, Shanghai Ocean
Aquarium, the Deep Aquarium Hull (UK),
Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, L'oceanografic
Valencia, Antalya Aquarium.

WELCOME NEW IIA MEMBERS
21st Com 21st October, 2020 Meeting Online Elected Members
Sr. Name Memb. Place Sr. Name Memb. Place
No. No. No. No.
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS ELECTED AS FELLOW MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE 29 Ar. Niket Sunil Upase A24167 Maharashtra
1 Ar. Virendra Kumar Paul F07320 Northern 30 Ar. Hariharan B A24168 Tamil Nadu
2 Ar. Velu Subbaiah Sakthivel Raja F09164 Tamil Nadu 31 Ar. Arunkumar R Raibagi A24169 Karnataka
3 Ar. Dinesh Raghavan E S F18635 Tamil Nadu 32 Ar. Relangi Sai Pavan A24170 Telangana
4 Ar. Abhay Maruti Todankar F16047 Maharashtra 33 Ar. Jaya Surya Uddavolu A24171 Andhra Pradesh
ARCHITECTS ELECTED AS ASSOCIATE MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE 34 Ar. Gaurav Singla A24172 Haryana
1 Ar. Naresh Kumar Saroch A24139 H. P. 35 Ar. B U Dhiren Kumar A24173 Karnataka
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5 Ar. Pavan Thomas A24143 Kerala 39 Ar. Tejwant Singh A24177 Punjab
6 Ar. Harneet Kaur A24144 Punjab 40 Ar. Mehtab Alam Ansari A24178 Punjab
7 Ar. Vijay Kumar Sahu A24145 Chandigarh 41 Ar. Rajesh A24179 Northern
8 Ar. Gopika A. A24146 Kerala 42 Ar. Vikas Sharma A24180 Northern
9 Ar. Neethi Lizbeth Abraham A24147 Kerala 43 Ar. Deepti Srivastava A24181 Uttar Pradesh
10 Ar. Aswin Ipe Philip A24148 Kerala 44 Ar. Vinay Prakash Saxena A24182 Uttar Pradesh
11 Ar. Gauravjot Singh A24149 Punjab 45 Ar. Harish Kumar Bonu A24183 Andhra Pradesh
12 Ar. Santhosh Varughes A24150 Kerala 46 Ar. Arunkumar D A24184 Karnataka
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14 Ar. Bino Thomas A24152 Kerala 48 Ar. Nirupama G Patil A24186 Karnataka
15 Ar. Silvi Thomas A24153 Kerala 49 Ar. Niby Thomas Varghese A24187 Kerala
16 Ar. Sanij Aby Thomas A24154 Kerala 50 Ar. Charudathan M B A24188 Kerala
17 Ar. Jithin A K A24155 Kerala 51 Ar. G Yogapriya A24189 Tamil Nadu
18 Ar. Yuvaraj S A24156 Tamilnadu 52 Ar. Venkateswaran S A24190 Tamil Nadu
19 Ar. Uvais K. A24157 Kerala 53 Ar. Keerthana B A24191 Tamil Nadu
20 Ar. Krishna Salim A24158 Kerala 54 Ar. Mohamed Yasin A A24192 Tamil Nadu
21 Ar. Subramaniam Manikandan A24159 Tamil Nadu 55 Ar. Ankush Bhawsinka A24193 Odisha
22 Ar. Chandan Ranjan A24160 Bihar 56 Ar. Medhavi Bansal A24194 Maharashtra
23 Ar. Deepak Modi A24161 Bihar 57 Ar. Rushikesh C. R. Shirpewar A24195 Aurangabad
24 Ar. Namrata Bhattacharjee A24162 West Bengal 58 Ar. Rochit Deoraj Patle A24196 Maharashtra
25 Ar. Unnatti Cholera A24163 Gujarat 59 Ar. Homi Ajay Nashine A24197 Gondia
26 Ar. Seethapathi P B A24164 Tamil Nadu 60 Ar. Pavneet Balbir Singh Saluja A24198 Maharashtra
27 Ar. Kaaviya R A24165 Tamil Nadu 61 Ar. Gaurav Nidariya A24199 Madhya Pradesh
28 Ar. Deepan Hariharan S A24166 Tamil Nadu
A TRIBUTE TO
Mr. Vijay Kumar Tribhuwan

Died on 17.11.2020
With profound grief & sorrow, we at IIA inform about the sudden passing away of
Mr. Vijay Kumar Tribhuwan. He served the Institute for over 39 years with honesty &
dedication. He endeared himself with his mild manners & a very pleasing personality.
I and entire IIA family extends it's heartfelt condolences to the bereaved family & prays that,
they be blessed with the courage & fortitude to bear this enormous personal loss.
May the noble Soul of Mr. Vijay Kumar Tribhuwan rest in eternal peace
Divya Kush
President IIA

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JOURNAL

04 Editorial - Ar. Anand Palaye

05 President’s Message - Ar. Divya Kush

06 Mapping The Lost Identity Of Heritage Structures While Digging The

11 Impact of Lockdown on The Architecture and Planning in Near Future -

15 Life at the Edge of Water - Ar. Mrinalini Sane

21 Building Resilience and Antifragility - COVID-19 : CALL FOR IDEAS

26 JIIA One Year Subscription Form

27 An Integrated Design for Shopping Centre and Transportation Hub at

46 Welcome New IIA Members

46 A Tribute to Mr. Vijay Kumar Tribhuwan

47 Advertisement Tariff Chart

Wish you all a great future.

Ar. Anand Palaye

04 www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS DECEMBER 2020

Ar. Divya Kush

DECEMBER 2020 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com 05

Mapping The Lost Identity Of Heritage Structures

Picture Credit : Pinterest.com

06 www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS DECEMBER 2020

I still wonder how did the

And so I decided to dig into

The ancient technologies which

DECEMBER 2020 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com 07

During the disaster, after the

08 www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS DECEMBER 2020

Picture Credit : Chardham Yatra Picture Credit : Chardham Yatra

WHY DID THE STRUCTURES AROUND TEMPLE NOT SURVIVE

1. Kedarnath is situated in the valley surrounded by

2. The location of temple is such that it gave majority way to

3. Lack of structural stability to face the enormous amount

So where do we lack? Do we need to turn around looking back

WALKING THROUGH THE TIMELINE

DECEMBER 2020 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com 09

Picture showing change in different identities of building

Picture Credit : leewardists

10 www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS DECEMBER 2020

Impact of Lockdown on The Architecture and Planning in Near Future

The entire world came to a standstill due to a Pandemic

A Big City is inside our body. Human Body, which contains 11

This human city contains all physical infrastructures that are

DECEMBER 2020 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com 11

Central Places Theory (Market Principle)

12 www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS DECEMBER 2020

In his Illustration F.L. Wright suggested the farm land around

Ramdaspeth in Nagpur is situated in the central part of

Illustration 5 : Subhash Palekar Natural Farming-1

Tomato, Green Chilli, Egg Plant, Cauliflower, Cabbage,

Green Peas, Black-Eyed Beans or Cow Pea

Salad, Vegetable viz. Spinach, Fenugreek,

DECEMBER 2020 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com 13

Illustration 7 : Site Plan of Ramdaspeth Garden Illustration 9 : Medicine Vendor Machine

14 www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS DECEMBER 2020

Life at the Edge of Water

Introduction : Settlement : Kumarakom –Alappuzha, Kerala, India

Fishing in crocodile infested waters - Sundarbans Fishermen on Lake Vembanad

DECEMBER 2020 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com 15

The traditional apparel

NallaKettu Inlay on wooden door panels Flower Vendor, Nigeen Lake

16 www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS DECEMBER 2020

Houseboat, Srinagar Mughal Gardens

DECEMBER 2020 JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS www.indianinstituteofarchitects.com 17