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    This document discusses different ways of expressing the concentration of solutions, including: - Mass percentage (w/w), which expresses the percentage of one component in a solution by mass. - Volume percentage, which expresses the volume of solute divided by the total volume of solution. - Molarity, which is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It can be calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the total liters of solution. - Molality, which is a measure of the number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of solvent. It is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the mass of solvent in kg.

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    This document discusses different ways of expressing the concentration of solutions, including: - Mass percentage (w/w), which expresses the percentage of one component in a solution by mass. - Volume percentage, which expresses the volume of solute divided by the total volume of solution. - Molarity, which is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It can be calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the total liters of solution. - Molality, which is a measure of the number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of solvent. It is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the mass of solvent in kg.

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    6 views23 pages

    % by Mass, % by Volume, Molarity, Molality

    Uploaded by

    Twilight
    This document discusses different ways of expressing the concentration of solutions, including: - Mass percentage (w/w), which expresses the percentage of one component in a solution by mass. - Volume percentage, which expresses the volume of solute divided by the total volume of solution. - Molarity, which is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It can be calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the total liters of solution. - Molality, which is a measure of the number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of solvent. It is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the mass of solvent in kg.

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    of 23

    & BY MASS,

    % BY VOLUME,
    MOLARITY, & MOLALITY

    Mrs. Wilhelmina I. Galiza


    General Chemistry 2 Teacher
    CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS
    • The concentration of a solution is a measure of the
    amount of solute in a given amount of solvent of
    solution.
    • A solution concentration is a measure of the
    quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given
    quantity of solvent or solution. One that contains a
    relatively high volume of dissolved solute is a
    concentrated solution. That that contains a
    relatively minimal volume of dissolved solute is a
    dilute solution.
    WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE
    CONCENTRATIONS OF SOLUTIONS
    • Mass Percentage (w/w):
    • When the concentration is expressed as the
    percent of one component in the solution by
    mass it is called mass percentage (w/w).
    Suppose we have a solution containing
    component A as the solute and B as the
    solvent, then its mass percentage is
    expressed as:
    •
    Example #1
    Determine the volume/volume percent solution made by
    combining 25 mL of ethanol with enough water to produce
    200 mL of the solution.
    • Solution
    • Given parameters are
    • Volume of solute is 25 mL
    • Volume of the solution is 200 mL
    • Substitute the values in the given formula,
    • Volume percent = volume of solute /volume of solution x
    100%
    • = {25 mL / 200 mL }x 100%
    • Volume percent = 12.5 %
    • Example 2
    • A solution is prepared by dissolving 90 mL of
    hydrogen peroxide in enough water to make 3000 mL
    of solution. Identify the concentration of the
    hydrogen peroxide solution.
    • Solution
    • The given parameters are
    • Volume of solute is 90 mL
    • Volume of solution is 3000 mL
    • Substitute the values in the given formula,
    • Volume percent = volume of solute /volume of
    solution x 100%
    • = 90 mL/ 3000mL x 100%
    • Volume percent = 3 %
    Example #3
    25 g of urea was dissolved
    in 500g of water. Calculate
    the percentage by mass of
    urea in the solution.
    • Molarity or molar
    concentration is the number
    of moles of solute per liter of
    solution, which can be
    calculated using the following
    equation:
    • A chemist has a jar
    containing 388.2 g of
    iron filings. How many
    moles of
    • iron does the jar
    contain?
    • 64.1 g of aluminum ans
    • 850.5 g of zinc ans:
    Importance of Calculating Molarity
    • Molarity is very important in chemistry for
    one big reason. It is the measurement of
    concentration in any mixture. The molarity of
    any solution is a way to know the specific
    elements or compounds which are present in
    any solution. To calculate molarity, you divide
    the miles of a solute by the number of litters of
    its solutions. With molarity calculation, you can
    easily identify the exact amount of any element
    or compound in a solution.
    Sample Problems

    #1. What is the molarity of a solution


    that contains 4.53 moles of lithium
    nitrate in 2.85 liters of solution?
    Sample Problems

    #1. What is the molarity of a solution


    that contains 4.53 moles of lithium
    nitrate in 2.85 liters of solution?
    •
    4.53 mol LiNO3 = 1.59 M LiN03
    • 2.85 L soln
    •
    #2. Calculate the molarity if a flask
    contains 1.54 moles potassium sulfate
    in 125 ml of solution.
    •
    #2. Calculate the molarity if a flask
    contains 1.54 moles potassium sulfate
    in 125 ml of solution.
    •
    1.54 mol K2SO4 = 12.3 M K2SO4
    • 0.125 L soln
    •
    • Molality is a measure of number of
    moles of solute present in 1 kg of
    solvent. A commonly used unit for
    molality in chemistry is mol/kg. A
    solution of concentration 1 mol/kg is
    also sometimes denoted as 1 molal.
    • 1. What is the molality of a
    solution if 1.57 moles of
    solute dissolved to make a
    2.35 kilograms of solution?
    2.) 45.7 g of magnesium
    chloride (MgCl2) is dissolved
    in 2.40 kg of water. What is
    the molality (m) of the
    solution?
    • 15.8 g of KCl is dissolved in
    225 mL of water. Calculate
    the molarity.
    5

    • 15.8/74= .21mol/.225= .93M


    Finished.

    or .93mol/L
    • 3.50 g of NaCl is dissolved
    in 250.0 mL of water.
    Calculate the
    concentration.

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