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Reference Manual
CPC 100 Reference Manual
2 OMICRON
Contents
Contents
Preface 9
About this reference manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Glossary of symbols and terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Used symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Functionality of the CPC 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
CPC 100 versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Related documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1 Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories 16
1.1 Principle use according to regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2 Operator qualifications and primary responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3 Safety standards and rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3.1 Safety standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3.2 Safety rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.3 Safety accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.4 Safe operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.4 Designated use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.5 Orderly measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.6 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.7 Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.8 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.9 Changing fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.10 DC output to test objects with a high inductance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.10.1 Discharging after tests on objects with a high inductance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.11 High-voltage and high-current outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.12 CPC 100 in combination with the CP TD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.13 Disclaimer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.14 Compliance statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.15 Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2 Introduction 26
2.1 Functional components of the CPC 100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.1.1 Front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.1.2 High-voltage and High-current outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.1.3 ePC interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.1.4 Functional components in detail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.2 CPC 100 block diagram (simplified) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.3 Built-in ePC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.4 How to use the CPC 100 software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4.1 The principles of test cards and test procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4.2 Starting the software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.4.3 View selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.4.4 Accelerator keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4.5 Test card view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4.6 Test procedure overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.4.7 The CPC 100 file system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.4.8 Navigating through the file system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.4.9 The menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.4.10 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.4.11 Creating defaults and templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2.5 Installation of the CPC 100 Toolset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.5.1 System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
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CPC 100 Reference Manual
4 OMICRON
Contents
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CPC 100 Reference Manual
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Contents
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CPC 100 Reference Manual
8 OMICRON
Preface
Preface
About this reference manual
The purpose of this Reference Manual is to familiarize users with the CPC 100 and its various application
fields. It contains helpful instructions on how to use the CPC 100 safely, properly, and efficiently.
Following these instructions will help you to prevent danger, repair costs and possible down time due to
incorrect operation. Furthermore, it ensures the reliability and life-cycle of the CPC 100.
Note: The CPC 100 must be used in observance of all existing safety requirements from national
standards for accident prevention and environmental protection.
Reading the CPC 100 manual alone does not release the user from the duty of complying with all
national and international safety regulations relevant for working with the CPC 100, for example, the
regulation EN50191 "Erection and Operation of Electrical Test Equipment”.
The Reference Manual always has to be available at the site where the CPC 100 is used.
It should be read and used by all people working with the CPC 100.
In addition to the Reference Manual and the applicable regulations for accident prevention in the country
and at the site of operation, the accepted technical procedures for safe and competent work should be
heeded.
OMICRON 9
CPC 100 Reference Manual
Used symbols
DANGER
Death or severe injury will occur if the appropriate safety instructions are not observed.
WARNING
Death or severe injury can occur if the appropriate safety instructions are not observed.
CAUTION
Minor or moderate injury may occur if the appropriate safety instructions are not
observed.
NOTICE
Equipment damage or loss of data possible
10 OMICRON
Preface
Used terms
Booster Amplifier; for example the CP CB2 current booster option for output currents of up to
2000 A.
Combo box Component of the software UI. Technical term for the dialog box option that is a text
box with an attached list box, for example, a measurement table.
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; used to connect the CPC 100 to a PC network
(refer to ”CPC 100 in a network” in chapter 10).
ePC embedded Personal Computer, that is, fully-functional PC with processor, RAM,
interfaces, operating system etc. that is embedded into the CPC 100. An ePC,
however, does not contain certain features that characterize a PC, such as floppy disk
or CD-ROM drive, a hard disk drive or a sound card.
Ethernet One of the most popular network connection standards (IEEE 802.3), based on the
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) model. See also
NIC...
fs fs = full scale; used for determining the error value of a measurement range (for an
example refer to 14.1 "General" on page 287).
Focus The term "focus" designates the currently selected (active) part of the software user
interface: "the focus is on...", that is, the selected UI part is highlighted or inverted.
IP address IP = Internet Protocol address; used to connect the CPC 100 to a PC network (refer to
”CPC 100 in a network” in chapter 10).
LCD LCD = Liquid Crystal Display. The CPC 100 built-in PC monitor is a LCD monitor.
NIC Network Interface Card; built-in board that serves as the interface between a device
(PC, notebook, CPC 100) and the "outside world" (PC, network hub, Internet).
The NICs used to interface with the
CPC 100 are Ethernet boards with
RJ-45 connectors.
Offline Not connected to the CPC 100, for example, "offline test preparation" means:
preparing a test with a PC using CPC Editor.
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CPC 100 Reference Manual
12 OMICRON
Preface
OMICRON 13
CPC 100 Reference Manual
Resistance testing
– measuring contact resistance (µΩ)
– measuring winding resistance (µΩ - kΩ)
– measuring earth resistance (µΩ - kΩ)
– dielectric withstand voltage test (2kV AC)
– measuring line impedance with the CP CU1
Other applications
• Ramping, a pogrammable ramping generator and determination of thresholds
• Sequencer for automatic testing with different states in real time
• Comment card to hold a user-defined comment and/or note regarding the actual test procedure.
• HV resonance test card for the generation of high voltage by means of a resonance circuit
• 12kV HV test card with the CP TD as high voltage source either independently or with a
compensating reactor
• When using the Amplifier test card, an input signal fed into a synchronization input drives the high-
current output’s magnitude, frequency and phase angle.
For detailed information on the ePC interfaces, see 2.1.3 "ePC interfaces" on page 28.
14 OMICRON
Preface
Related documents
The following documents complete the information covered in the CPC 100 Reference Manual:
Title Description
CPC 100 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CPC 100 test system and
relevant safety instructions.
CPC 100 PTM User Manual Contains information on how to use the Primary Test Manager PTM
together with the CPC 100.
CP TD1 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP TD1 insulation analyzing
system and relevant safety instructions.
CP TD12/15 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP TD12/15 insulation
analyzing system and relevant safety instructions.
CP CR500 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP CR500 compensating
reactor and relevant safety instructions
CP CR600 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP CR600 compensating
reactor and relevant safety instructions
CP SB1 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP SB1 switchbox and
relevant safety instructions.
CP CU1 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP CU1 coupling unit and
relevant safety instructions.
CP CPOL2 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CPOL2 handheld polarity
checker and relevant safety instructions.
CP RC1 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP RC1 resonance circuit
and relevant safety instructions.
CP RC2 User Manual Contains information on how to use the CP RC2 resonance circuit
and relevant safety instructions.
OMICRON 15
CPC 100 Reference Manual
16 OMICRON
Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories
Before operating the CPC and its accessories, read the safety instructions in this Reference Manual
carefully. Do not turn on the CPC and do not operate the CPC without understanding the safety
information in this manual. If you do not understand some safety instructions, contact OMICRON before
proceeding.
► Observe all applicable regulations for accident prevention in the country and on the site of operation.
► If you do not understand the safety rules, contact OMICRON before proceeding.
OMICRON 17
CPC 100 Reference Manual
2 kV AC,
130 V AC outputs
CPC 100
CP CU1
CP TD1 CP GB1
CP CR500
Figure 1-1: Example of the separation of work area and high-voltage area using different OMICRON
devices
1.6 General
► Use dry and clean cables and connectors.
► Do not connect any cable to the test object without a visible grounding of the test object.
► Before rewiring, stop the test, press the emergency button, lock the control unit, and short-circuit and
ground the device under test.
► Never connect or disconnect a test object while the outputs are active.
► Do not remove any cables from the CPC 100 during a test.
► When connecting cables to a control cabinet, be aware of uninsulated live components. Adhere to
the safety instructions provided by the manufacturer.
► Make sure that a test object’s terminals that are to be connected to the CPC 100 do not carry any
voltage potential. During a test, the only power source for a test object may be the CPC 100.
► Do not insert objects (for example, screwdrivers, etc.) into any input/output socket.
At their output sockets and especially in the cables connected to them, in operation the high-current
400A DC and 800A AC outputs generate a significant amount of heat (approx. 300 W/m at 800 A).
18 OMICRON
Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories
► After operation, wait for cables and clamps to cool down before touching them. If in doubt, wear
gloves.
► Never use the test cards Quick and Resistance to measure the resistance of windings with a high
inductance because turning off the DC source results in life-threatening voltage levels.
For this kind of measurement only use the special winding resistance test card RWinding,
TRTapCheck or OLTC-Scan.
When measuring the ratio of voltage and power transformers make sure that the test voltage is
connected to the corresponding primary winding, and the voltage of the secondary winding is the one
that is measured. Accidentally mixing up the windings can generate life-threatening voltages within the
transformer.
– For example: feeding a voltage of 100 V to the secondary winding of a voltage transformer that
has a ratio of 400,000 V:100 V, induces a voltage of 400,000 V in the transformer’s primary
winding.
On open secondary windings, life-threatening voltages can be induced!
► Make sure that when testing a current transformer by feeding a test current into its primary winding,
all secondary windings are shorted.
► Do not operate the CPC 100 under ambient conditions that exceed the temperature and humidity
limits listed at 14 "Technical data" on page 287.
► Do not operate the CPC 100 in the presence of explosives, gas or vapors.
► Opening CPC 100 or its accessories without authorization invalidates all warranty claims. Any kind
of maintenance, calibration or repair on the device itself may only be carried out by persons
authorized by OMICRON.
► If the CPC 100 or any add-on device or accessory does not seem to function properly, do not use it
anymore. Please call the OMICRON hotline.
► Unwind extension cables from their reel. Otherwise they will overheat.
OMICRON 19
CPC 100 Reference Manual
1.7 Grounding
Operating the device without PE and ground connection is life-threatening and not permitted.
► Only operate the CPC 100 with a mains power supply connected to protective earth (PE).
► Make sure that both the PE connection of the power supply and the ground connector of the CPC 100
have a solid and low-impedance connection to the grounding system on site.
This also applies to all other test devices and accessories in the test setup.
► Make sure that the grounding clamp has a good electrical contact to the grounding system on site
and avoid connecting it to corroded or painted surfaces.
► Make sure that the grounding terminal connections of all grounded devices in use remain intact
during the whole measurement procedure, and are not accidentally disconnected.
► Only use ground and supply cables provided by OMICRON.
20 OMICRON
Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories
Additional information
Instead of supplying the CPC 100 from phase-neutral (L1-N, A-N), it may also be supplied from phase-
phase (for example, L1-L2; A-B).
► Make sure that the voltage does not exceed 240V AC.
► Make sure that the power supply is fuse-protected (16 A automatic circuit breaker).
► Do not use an extension cable on a cable reel to prevent an overheating of the cord; run out the
extension cord.
► Keep extension cables as short as possible to prevent power loss.
If the power supply is ≤ 190V AC, the CPC 100 cannot provide the full output power at the 800A AC
output. The same applies when an external current booster is used.
► Therefore, in order to gain the full output power, provide a sufficient power supply
(190 V ... 240 V AC).
The Ext. Booster connector is always galvanically connected to mains and active.
This also applies when no external booster is selected, the green status light (0) is on, the outputs are
turned off, or the Emergency Stop button is pressed.
► Handle the Ext. Booster connector with extreme caution.
► Only use booster cables supplied by OMICRON.
► Do not use booster cables that are frayed or damaged in any way.
1. For detailed information about the difference between the 6A and the 130V operation mode refer to 2.1 "Functional
components of the CPC 100" on page 26.
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CPC 100 Reference Manual
22 OMICRON
Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories
Note: When you disconnect a cable during the discharge process, even low voltage (0.88 V in
Figure 1-2 above) presents considerable danger as it suddenly increases to a very high level when the
circuit is disconnected.
► Do not touch or disconnect any part of the test setup until the current and voltage levels have reduced
to zero.
► If the measurement is interrupted due to, for example, an unexpected loss of supply voltage or
erroneous behavior of the CPC 100 do not touch the test setup until the energy has dissipated over
time.
Note that the length of time depends heavily on the asset under test.
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CPC 100 Reference Manual
For the high-voltage and high-current output connectors on the left-hand side of the test set (2kV AC,
400A DC and 800A AC, ext. Booster), only use the specially manufactured cables supplied by
OMICRON (refer to 15.5.1 "Assembly instructions for Odu MINI-SNAP plug" on page 324).
One end of the high-voltage cable has a coaxial safety plug that is certified for a voltage level of
2kV AC. The other end is equipped with a safety banana plug that is insulated with a shrink tube. When
the CPC 100 is switched on consider this part of the cable a hazard of electric shock!
The 400A DC or 800A AC outputs are not switched off by internal relays. Therefore, if a test mode is
selected that does not use either one of these two outputs, they are still active.
► If you do not use the high-current 400A DC or 800A AC outputs or the high-voltage 2kV AC output,
disconnect any cable that may be plugged in to these sockets.
► Do not stand right next to or directly underneath a connection point because the clamps may fall
off and touch you.
► The red status light on the CPC 100 front panel indicates hazardous voltage and/or current levels
at the CPC 100 outputs (red light "I" on or flashing). The green status light indicates that the
CPC 100 outputs are not activated.
Note: If none or both status lights are on, the unit is defective and must not be used anymore.
► Both of the high-current output sockets on the left-hand side of the test set (400A DC and
800A AC) usually carry a relatively low-voltage potential.
In case of an internal insulation fault these outputs may carry up to 300 V.
► Consider these outputs life-hazardous!
► Always lock connectors properly.
The counterpart of the high-current sockets are locking connectors.
To lock these connectors safely, insert them carefully until you feel a "click" position.
Now they are locked. Confirm this by trying to pull them out. This should not be
possible now.
To remove the locking connectors again, unlock them by pushing them in first, and
then pull them out.
► The high-current cables for both the 800A AC and 400A DC outputs are equipped with
connection clamps at one end. If these connection clamps are attached to a test object’s terminal
that is situated above your head, make sure the clamp is securely attached. Due to the weight of
the cables the clamp may become loose and fall down.
24 OMICRON
Safety instructions for the CPC 100 and its accessories
1.13 Disclaimer
If the equipment is used in a manner not described in the user documentation, the protection provided
by the equipment may be impaired.
1.15 Recycling
This test set (including all accessories) is not intended for household use. At
the end of its service life, do not dispose of the test set with household waste!
For customers in EU countries (incl. European Economic Area)
OMICRON test sets are subject to the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment Directive 2012/19/EU (WEEE directive). As part of our legal obligations
under this legislation, OMICRON offers to take back the test set and ensure that it is
disposed of by authorized recycling agents.
For customers outside the European Economic Area
Please contact the authorities in charge for the relevant environmental regulations in
your country and dispose the OMICRON test set only in accordance with your local
legal requirements.
OMICRON 25
CPC 100 Reference Manual
2 Introduction
2.1 Functional components of the CPC 100
2.1.1 Front panel
BIN IN ePC
Key lock
Binary trigger input with front-panel control
INPUT
Measuring inputs
AC OUTPUT
Fuse-protected 6A or
130V output
DC OUTPUT
6A DC output
Emergency stop
button
Note: With the CPC 100 V0, the number of test cards in one test procedure should be limited to 15 to
avoid memory problems. The CPC 100 V1 allows using more test cards in one test procedure but we
recommend not to use more than 15 test cards or more than 50 test results to keep the tests clearly
structured.
26 OMICRON
Introduction
400 A DC
(4 V ... 4.5 V DC)
High DC current output
Grounding terminal
800 A AC
2 kV AC (6.1 V ... 6.5 V AC)
High-voltage output High AC current output
External booster
Figure 2-2: High-voltage and high-current outputs on left-hand side of the CPC 100
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
The Ext. Booster connector is always galvanically connected to mains.
This also applies when no external booster is selected, the green status light (0) is on,
the outputs are turned off or the Emergency Stop button is pressed.
► Handle the Ext. Booster connector with extreme caution.
► Do not use any other booster cables than the ones supplied by OMICRON.
► Do not use booster cables that are frayed or damaged in any way.
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CPC 100 Reference Manual
RJ-45 socket for connecting the CPC 100 to either a PC’s Ethernet RJ-45 socket for connecting the CPC 100 to a PC
network card or a notebook’s PC NIC network hub
Connector for external safety functions (see item 3 below) Serial interface connector for connecting optional CP TD
test set
1. For more information on the PC and network interfaces, see 10 "CPC 100 in a network" on page 265.
2. For the pin assignment of the RS232 serial interface connector, see 14.6 "ePC interfaces" on
page 310.
3. The connector for external safety functions allows connecting safety accessories for the CPC 100.
The attached plug contains a jumper, and as long as it is placed on the connector, the circuit is
bridged. If the plug is removed, the emergency stop is active.
For the plug’s pin assignment and a wiring scheme, see 14.6.5 "Connector for external safety
functions" on page 312.
28 OMICRON
Introduction
Red LED
Connector for external safety functions (see item RJ-45 socket for connecting the CPC 100 to a PC or a network hub
3 above)
The CPC 100 V1 supports the USB interface 1.1 and 2.0 for connecting the USB memory stick shipped
with the CPC 100.
Note: The full functionality is guaranteed only for the stick delivered with the CPC 100.
The serial and safety interfaces are identical with the CPC 100 V0 version (see above). The network
interface is an auto-crossover Ethernet connector that can be connected to a network hub or directly to
a PC or a notebook.
The CPC 100 V1 provides the following LEDs on the ePC interface:
• Green LED lights if the CPC 100 is properly connected to a PC or network.
• Yellow LED lights if data is transferred from or to the network.
• Red LED serves for diagnosis purposes.
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CPC 100 Reference Manual
1. The front panel output 6A/130V operates as either a 0 … 6A AC or a 0 … 130V AC output. The
output range and the actual values are set by the software.
In current mode 0 … 6 A, the maximum output voltage is 55 V (330 VA).
In voltage mode 0 … 130 V, the maximum output current is 3 A (390 VA).
The 6.3A T (6.3 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm) protects both the AC OUTPUT in 6A current
mode and the DC OUTPUT.
The 3.15A T (3.15 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm) protects the AC OUTPUT in 130V voltage
mode and in the 3A AC current mode.
2. The 800A output sockets are situated at the left-hand side of the CPC 100 as shown in
chapter 2.1.2 on page 27.
They provide an AC current of 0 … 800 A at a voltage of 6.1 … 6.5 V. The actual output power
(4880 VA max.) is range-dependent. For details refer to 14.3.1 "High-current and high-voltage
outputs" on page 290.
The current that flows from this output is measured internally by the CPC 100, and displayed on the
respective test card.
3. The 2kV output sockets are situated at the left-hand side of the CPC 100 as shown in
chapter 2.1.2 on page 27.
They provide an output voltage of either
• 0 … 0.5 kV with a maximum current of 5 A, or
• 0 … 1 kV with a maximum current of 2.5 A, or
• 0 … 2 kV with a maximum current of 1.25 A.
For details refer to 14.3.1 "High-current and high-voltage outputs" on page 290.
30 OMICRON
Introduction
Both the voltage of this output and the current that flows from this output are measured internally by
the CPC 100, and displayed on the respective test card.
All outputs are overload and short-circuit-proof and protected against external high-voltage signals as
well as over-temperature.
Note: The length of time a high current or a voltage can be applied may be limited due to a high
temperature occurrence of the internal transformer windings and/or heat dissipaters. This high
temperature occurrence may even be increased if the CPC 100 is operated in a hot environment or is
exposed to direct sunlight.
It is highly recommended not to exceed the typical duration time tmax specified for each current and
voltage output (refer to 14.3 "CPC 100 outputs" on page 290). If you do, and the CPC 100 develops too
high an internal temperature, the outputs are shut off automatically.
DC OUTPUT
Programmable DC current output.
1. The 6A output provides a DC current of 0 … 6 A with a maximum output voltage of 60V (360W). The
output value is set by the software.
The 6.3A T (6.3 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm, situated at the front panel’s AC OUTPUT
group) protects both the AC OUTPUT in 6A current mode and the DC OUTPUT.
2. The 400A output is situated at the left-hand side of the CPC 100 as shown at 2.1.2 "High-voltage and
High-current outputs" on page 27.
They provide an output current of 0 … 400 A at a voltage of 4 … 4.5 V. The actual output power
(2600 W max.) depends on the current magnitude. For details refer to 14.3.1 "High-current and high-
voltage outputs" on page 290.
The current that flows from this output is measured internally by the CPC 100, and displayed on the
respective test card.
All outputs are overload and short-circuit-proof and protected against external high-voltage signals as
well as over-temperature.
Note: The length of time a high current or a voltage can be applied may be limited due to a high
temperature occurrence of the internal transformer windings and/or heat dissipaters. This high
temperature occurrence may even be increased if the CPC 100 is operated in a hot environment or is
exposed to direct sunlight.
It is highly recommended not to exceed the max. duration time tmax specified for each current and
voltage output (refer to 14.3 "CPC 100 outputs" on page 290). If you do, and the CPC 100 develops too
high an internal temperature, the outputs are shut off automatically.
OMICRON 31
CPC 100 Reference Manual
INPUT
Analog precision measuring inputs
32 OMICRON
Introduction
BIN IN
Binary input for trigger signal
Binary trigger signal input to be used with a toggling potential-free contact or with voltages up
to 300V DC.
The response time of this input is 1 ms, and it is galvanically separated from all other circuits.
Key lock
The key lock helps you to secure the CPC 100 against unauthorized operation:
► When no test is running, turn the key to "locked" position (vertical) and remove it from
key lock:
The software does not accept any more entries and/or commands via the soft-touch
keyboard and/or the handwheel. The test cannot be started by pushing the I/O
(test start/stop) push-button.
► To activate the CPC 100, put the key into the key lock and turn it to "unlocked" position
(horizontal).
Note: Turning the key from "unlocked" to "locked" position while a test is running, stops
the ongoing test.
OMICRON 33
CPC 100 Reference Manual
Status lights
The status lights indicate the operational status of the CPC 100 as a current/voltage source.
Output is switched ON
Dangerous
operating condition!
2. Output is switched ON
Red status light (I) is Dangerous operating
and/or measurement
flashing condition
process is active
34 OMICRON
Introduction
Ext. Booster
Socket to connect an external booster, for example, the CP CB2 current booster for output currents of
up to 2000 A.
Enable any external booster in the CPC 100 software on the tab Options | Device Setup (refer to
”Device Setup” on page 55 of this chapter).
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
The Ext. Booster connector is always galvanically connected to mains.
This also applies when no external booster is selected, the green status light (0) is on,
the outputs are turned off or the Emergency Stop button is pressed.
► Handle the Ext. Booster connector with extreme caution.
► Do not use any other booster cables than the ones supplied by OMICRON.
► Do not use booster cables that are frayed or damaged in any way.
OMICRON 35
CPC 100 Reference Manual
Rectifier
& power
factor +
500V
corrector R
500V
2kV
500V 500V 4A
1kV 2A
Switched 2kV 1A R
mode 500V
amplifier
L
Mains
100-240V Filter
50/60Hz I 65V 130V / 6A AC
N 2kV
U O
65V
PE I 800A u
3.15A t
ADC U
6.3A p
65V / 6A DC
U u
DSP I t
(Digital
Signal
U
s
Processor)
6V / 800A AC
+
Ethernet 5V / 400A DC
-
to 300V AC
RS 232 Built-in
ext.
ePC 3V AC I
PC optional 10A AC/DC
n
10V DC
BIN IN p.
optional analog or digital interfaces
(plug-in boards)
36 OMICRON
Introduction
Tab selector
LCD monitor
The monitor is a high-contrast gray-scale graphical LCD display with a resolution of 320x240 pixels.
Accelerator keys
Add the test card of your choice, for example, Quick, CT, VT... etc. (refer to ”Accelerator keys” on page
43 of this chapter).
View selector
Lets you select the view of your choice, for example, Test Card View, Test Procedure Overview, File
Operations or Options (refer to ”View selector” on page 42 of this chapter).
Jog-dial handwheel
Advanced jog-dial handwheel with "click" (Enter) function.
In "navigation" mode, turning the handwheel navigates you through the UI elements within one test card.
Pressing the Up/Down keys has the same effect.
OMICRON 37
CPC 100 Reference Manual
In "data entry" mode, that is, if the focus is set onto a data entry field or a combo box, and the handwheel
was pressed to "enter" the field and to enable data entry, turning the handwheel increases/decreases
the entry field’s value or browses through the preset values of the combo box, respectively.
Pressing the handwheel corresponds to the Enter function of the soft-touch keyboard.
Furthermore, the wheel comprises an adaptive acceleration function, that is, if the focus is, for example,
set onto a data entry field, fast turning increments/decrements a value in increasingly bigger steps, slow
turning in decreasingly smaller steps.
Up/Down keys
Soft-touch keys supplementing the handwheel. Depending on the current focus in the software user
interface, pressing these keys either navigates through the UI elements within one test card, or - if in a
data entry field, for example - increments/decrements a value.
Contrary to the handwheel, the Up/Down keys change a value in fixed coarse increments /decrements
in order to ease a quick approximation to the end value. The fine adjustment is then done with the
handwheel.
Context-dependent menu keys
Soft-touch keys that directly invoke specific commands associated with the currently selected control of
the test card and view.
Since their actual functions depend on the selected view, test mode, test card and selected UI element,
the menu keys do not hold any specific text. The individual key function is displayed on the monitor with
a labelled button symbol right next to the menu key.
I/O (test start/stop)
If the test parameters are set in the software’s Test Card View, the Emergency Stop button is released
and the key lock is set to the "unlocked" position, pressing this push-button enables the CPC 100 outputs
and starts a test.
Pressing this push-button a second time stops the test.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
Stopping a test does not shut off theCPC 100 outputs instantaneously. First, the currently
running test sequence finishes, then the test execution is stopped.
Most test cards finish the running test sequence with a predefined ramp function.
► Therefore, in a hazardous situation never press "Stop Test".
► Instead, use Emergency Stop.
Tab selector
If a test procedure comprises more than one test card, use these keys to change between the single test
cards.
38 OMICRON
Introduction
Test procedure
A test procedure contains multiple test cards.
The composition of such a test procedure and the settings of all single test cards can be freely defined
by the user. Within a test procedure, each test card and its associated test is executed individually in a
user-defined order.
Note: With the CPC 100 V0, the number of test cards in one test procedure should be limited to 15 to
avoid memory problems. The CPC 100 V1 allows using more test cards in one test procedure but we
recommend not to use more than 15 test cards to keep the tests clearly structured.
OMICRON 39
CPC 100 Reference Manual
Report
For archiving or reporting purposes, or later processing, a test procedure with all of its test cards, specific
settings and - after the test was run - test results and assessments can be saved. It is then considered
a report.
Such a report can later be opened any time in CPC 100 File Operations menu.
40 OMICRON
Introduction
settings settings
+
Test Card Test Card
settings
+ Test +
results
+
Test Card
+
...
settings settings
settings settings
(1) One Test Card Default for each type of test card
Figure 2-14: The principles of test cards, defaults and test procedures
OMICRON 41
CPC 100 Reference Manual
The following sections emphasize on test cards, defaults and templates in more detail. Also refer to
”Creating defaults and templates” on page 65 of this chapter.
Initially, the test procedure default contains one empty Quick test card1. However, this default can be
customized according to your specific requirements with as many test cards as needed and of all types
of your choice.
By creating a user-defined test procedure default, the CPC 100 starts up loading your most frequently
used test cards already containing specific values.
To learn more about defining such a default, refer to ”Creating defaults and templates” on page 65 of
this chapter.
File Operations
Lets you save, load, delete, copy and rename test procedures. Some of these features
call up the Phrase Editor (described at ”The String Editor” in chapter 9).
Options
Specify general parameters, such as display and regional settings, date and time,
decimal symbol, network settings, system information and the device setup.
Note: If you are using a current clamp or an external current or voltage booster,
specify these devices at the Options tab Device Setup before you start using them.
42 OMICRON
Introduction
OMICRON 43
CPC 100 Reference Manual
The Test Card View comprises a number of context-dependent menu keys. Some examples are given
below:
Inserts a test card of your choice and places it after the selected test card of the
current test procedure.
Opens the String Editor. You can rename the current test card to any new name of
your choice (max. 15 characters).
Clears the results of the current test card, and thus enables the start of a new test.
Makes the current test card with all of its settings the new default for that particular
type of card.
Context-dependent menu item
(shown here: "Demag.", CTExcitation).
Note: The actual function of the context-dependent menu keys depends on the selected view,
test mode, test card and selected UI element.
To make the above listed functions visible, the focus must be set onto the test card tab
designation, for example, CTRatioV.
Use the context-dependent Up/Down menu keys to the right, or the handwheel, to browse through the
structure.
Due to usability reasons, some test cards, such as Winding Resistance, Voltage Withstand Test or
Polarity Check, appear in more than one test mode, e.g., Winding Resistance appears in Current
Transformer, Power Transformer and Resistance.
With regard to their functionality, these test cards are identical.
To expand a collapsed group of tests , for example, CT, set the focus onto this group, and press
Enter or the handwheel.
44 OMICRON
Introduction
The group of tests expands and displays all of its associated test cards.
Browse to the test file of your choice, and when it is highlighted press Enter.
This will switch from the Insert a new test card dialog to the Test Card View, inserting the
test card of your choice after the last selected test card in the Test Card View.
Note: Only test cards that are licensed can be inserted.
When you purchased the CPC 100, you purchased a license for a number of test cards of your choice.
Not licensed test cards are displayed in the Insert a new test card dialog, but the attempt to insert one
of them to the test procedure results in an according on-screen message.
If you wish further information about licensing, please contact OMICRON.
You can insert as many test cards as needed and of all types of your choice by repeating this
process.
Note: With the CPC 100 V0, the number of test cards in one test procedure should be limited to 15 to
avoid memory problems. The CPC 100 V1 allows using more test cards in one test procedure but we
recommend not to use more than 15 test cards to keep the tests clearly structured.
If you need more test cards in one test procedure, we recommend not to save all cards in one, for
example, the test procedure default, but to combine a smaller number of cards to logical groups, and to
save these logical groups as test procedure templates with individual names (refer to ”Test procedure
templates” on page 67 of this chapter).
Pressing Esc closes Insert a new test card, and brings you back to the previous view without inserting
a new test card.
OMICRON 45
CPC 100 Reference Manual
As shown above, the value itself is highlighted, the unit is not, and at the value’s end a blinking caret
(cursor) indicates "ready for data entry".
46 OMICRON
Introduction
Now either
► use the Up/Down keys to approximate the value of your choice quickly in coarse predefined steps
► rotate the handwheel to fine-adjust the value in precision steps
► type in the value of your choice using the numeric soft-touch keys to the left of the handwheel (refer
to Figure 2-16).
Backspace
Esc: cancels the current action
Soft-touch keys to enter without saving
numerical values.
Prefix for negative values, for
example, angles
Enter
Decimal point
Pressing Esc on the soft-touch keyboard while entering a value, discards the entry and restores the
previous value.
When ready, press either the handwheel again or the Enter key to confirm your entry, and move forward
to the next UI element of your choice by turning the handwheel or the Up/Down keys.
Note: If a number key is pressed with the focus set onto a data entry field, this number is automatically
written to the data entry field, and the field is enabled for data entry.
Pressing the context-dependent menu key Back to Top terminates the data entry mode,
accepts all current values and sets the focus onto the test card tab designation.
Combo Box
OMICRON 47
CPC 100 Reference Manual
List box
List boxes are differentiated between read-only and editable list boxes:
• In a read-only list box (Figure 2-17), turning the handwheel scrolls from line to line.
When using the Up/Down keys, a read-only list box is treated as one UI element, that is, pressing
one of the keys exits the list box, and sets the focus onto the next /previous UI element.
• In an editable list box, turning the handwheel scrolls from table cell to table cell. Press either the
handwheel or Enter to "enter" a cell and to edit the value.
When using the Up/Down keys, the focus proceeds to the same table cell one line above or below.
48 OMICRON
Introduction
Settings page
Some test cards include the Settings menu key. Pressing the Settings menu key opens the
Settings page.
The Settings page with the exception of the TRRatio test card looks as shown below.
The Settings page allows setting the test cards individually. At the Device Setup tab in the Options
view (see ”Options” on page 55 of this chapter), the same properties can be set for all test cards of a test
procedure. As a rule, do not use the Settings page described here but the Device Setup tab in the
Options view to set the test cards. Making different settings for the test cards is rarely a good idea. Set
the test cards individually using the Settings page only in well-founded cases.
If a test card contains results, the settings cannot be changed. When a file containing results is loaded,
the Settings page can be used to view the settings of the test procedure.
OMICRON 49
CPC 100 Reference Manual
Starting a test
Note: Tests can only be started and stopped with the I/O (test start / stop) push-button while in the Test
Card View.
Each test card represents a separate test, and is started individually.
Preconditions to start a test
1. The required test card is defined, the test parameters are set.
2. The software is in the Test Card View.
3. The Emergency Stop button is released.
4. The key lock is set to the "unlocked" position.
Pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button starts the test. Pressing this push-button a
second time stops the test.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
Stopping a test does not shut off the CPC 100 outputs instantaneously. First, the currently
running test sequence finishes, then the test execution is stopped.
Most test cards finish the running test sequence with a predefined ramp function.
► Therefore, in an emergency situation never press "Stop Test". Instead, use Emergency
Stop.
While a test is running, several functions such as changing the test card, changing the view etc., are
disabled.
To repeat the test, the test results need to be cleared beforehand. Otherwise the start is blocked.
50 OMICRON
Introduction
Temperature monitoring
Each test card contains a progress bar-like temperature gauge that displays the CPC 100 actual
temperature condition. When the temperature limit is reached, that is before an overheating condition
occurs, the output is switched off automatically.
In addition, if an output is activated, both the CPC 100 current consumption from the power supply and
the current emitted at the high-current outputs is monitored and, together with the temperature,
displayed by this temperature gauge. The temperature gauge’s bar therewith represents an indicator for
the remaining time the CPC 100 can output power.
Just as with over-temperature, if these limit values are exceeded, the output is switched off
automatically.
With deactivated outputs, the temperature gauge’s bar represents an indicator how much the device has
already cooled off.
Note: To reach a maximum output time, we suggest to let the CPC 100 cool off completely before
switching it on again.
Note: For each line of measurement results there is a separate overload indication top right on the
CPC 100’s screen (or in the report) explained below.
No overload indication means no overload during that step of the measurement sequence. In the test
report, "No" appears in the overload field or column.
Dotted overload indication means that there was an overload during that step of the measurement
sequence but not all the time. In the test report, "Yes" appears in the overload field or column.
Solid overload indication means a permanent overload during that step of the measurement
sequence. In the test report, "Yes!" appears in the overload field or column.
OMICRON 51
CPC 100 Reference Manual
The Test Procedure Overview lists all test cards of the currently active test procedure in a list box
showing the card’s name, its creation date and time, whether test results are available and the test card’s
assessment status.
Pressing Insert Card switches to the Insert a new test card dialog. After inserting a new
test card, the software automatically switches to the Test Card View, inserting the test card of
your choice after the last selected test card in the Test Card View.
Pressing Esc at Insert a new test card brings you back to the previous view without
inserting a new test card.
Delete Card deletes the currently highlighted test card from the test procedure.
With Save As Default, Test Procedure Overview provides a function to save the current test
procedure as the test procedure default, that is the default the CPC 100 software will start with
in future.
► To learn more about defaults, refer to section ”Creating defaults and templates” on page
65 of this chapter.
Unlike in Test Card View, where all context-dependent menu keys apply for that particular
card only, the Test Procedure Overview has an additional menu item that applies for all test
cards: whereas Clear Results clears the test results of the currently highlighted test card only
("Comment" in Figure 2-20), Clear All Results applies to all test cards, that is, clears the
results of all cards listed in the Test Procedure Overview.
After both Clear Results and Clear All Results, re-start the test in the Test Card View by
pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button.
Automatically switches back to the Test Card View, and opens the test procedure default. If
the current test procedure contains unsaved data, you will be asked whether or not you want
to save them before you proceed.
52 OMICRON
Introduction
The highest hierarchical level of the CPC 100 file system, the "root", is named CPC 100. Below this, you
can create additional folders in a tree-structure of your choice, save tests in these folders, and carry out
file operations, such as open, save, rename, copy, paste etc. For CPC 100 V1 units with a USB memory
stick plugged in, a second tree root USB Disk is displayed as shown above.
The CPC 100 file system differentiates two file types:
name.xml A test procedure with all of its test cards and specific settings. An .xml file may
also contain test results and assessments that were stored together with the
settings as report in the CPC 100 file system for archiving purposes.
name.xmt Test procedure template, that is, a user-defined template containing one or more
test cards with all of their specific test settings but without test results.
Note: The file containing the up-to-date measurements should be saved regularly. If the test unit is
switched off, or in case of a power outage, all unsaved measurements will be lost.
To expand a collapsed folder tree , highlight it, and press either the handwheel or Enter.
The folder expands and displays its subfolders (if any) and the tests it contains.
Browse to the test card of your choice, and when its highlighted press the handwheel or Enter.
OMICRON 53
CPC 100 Reference Manual
Saves the currently open test, that is, the test card(s) previously opened in the
Test Card View (refer to Note below).
Opens the String Editor. You can save the currently open test under a new name
of your choice (15 characters max.).
Use the handwheel or the Up/Down keys to select a test, and press Open to
open it. Changes to Test Card View.
Closes the current test card(s), changes to Test Card View and opens the test
procedure default.
Unlike the other menu items, the two Save... functions of the main File Operations menu directly effect
the currently open test, i.e., the test procedure that was composed in the Test Card View, or the test that
was loaded in the CPC 100 file system beforehand.
Therefore, pressing Save, for example, does not save the test that you may have highlighted in the folder
tree, but the one that is currently open.
Submenu File
Opens the String Editor. You can create a new folder with any name of your choice.
Appends the contents of a test file (.xml) or template (.xmt) of your choice to the
currently open test.
Deletes the currently selected test or folder from the CPC 100 disk space.
Opens the String Editor that enables you to rename the current test to any new name
of your choice.
(for future use)
Closes the submenu and returns to the main File Operations menu.
54 OMICRON
Introduction
Submenu Edit
Select the test of your choice. Press Cut to put the selected test or folder to the
Clipboard. Proceed with Paste...
Select the test of your choice. Press Copy to copy test or folder to the CPC 100
Clipboard. Proceed with Paste...
Move to the destination folder of your choice. Press Paste to insert the contents of
the CPC 100 Clipboard to this folder.
Press Paste As Templ. to make the contents of the CPC 100 Clipboard a test
procedure template.
(for future use)
Closes the Edit submenu and returns to the main File Operations menu.
Note: If a folder is cut or copied to the Clipboard, the selection is recursive, that is, all of its subfolders
will also be put to the Clipboard.
Cutting or copying a test or folder, and trying to paste it in the same location, opens the String Editor.
Since a test or folder cannot exist twice under the same name at the same location, determine a new
name for it using the String Editor.
For more information about the String Editor, please refer to ”The String Editor” in chapter 9.
2.4.10 Options
Note: Changes made in the Options view are automatically saved when the view is changed
(for example when Options is left to change to Test Card View).
Alternatively, changes can be saved instantly by pressing Save Options.
Upon a power supply loss or an accidental switching off of the CPC 100, unsaved changes are
lost, and the old values are restored.
Device Setup
The Device Setup tab in the Options view allows you to change the settings of all test cards of the test
procedure running on the CPC 100 and all test cards inserted afterwards. The test cards can be
instantiated in different ways and for different purposes. Table 2-1: ”Instantiation procedures” below
displays the instantiation procedures and the associated default values.
OMICRON 55
CPC 100 Reference Manual
Because the settings of a test card containing results cannot be changed, the settings made at the
Device Setup tab in the Options view apply only to new test cards if the currently loaded procedure
contains results. To change the settings of a test procedure containing results (for example, after
pressing the Keep Results menu key or after loading a file), clear the results by pressing the Clear
Results menu key in all test cards before setting the test procedure in the Options view.
It is strongly recommended to set the test cards using the Options view. In well-founded cases, you can
alternatively set a test card individually using the Settings menu key (see ”Settings page” on page 49 of
this chapter).
External booster
The "External booster" combo box allows to set the external booster:
• CB2 for the CP CB2 current booster
• CU20 for the CP CU20 coupling unit
• CU1 for the CP CU1 coupling unit
• CP TR8 for the CP TR8 inductor (also used for the MTR2 matching transformer)
• MTR1 for the MTR1 matching transformer
For the default value associated with different instantiation procedures, see Table 2-1: ”Instantiation
procedures” on page 55.
Clamp & input transformer settings
When an input is not connected to the device under test directly but using a current clamp, a CT or a VT,
the ratio of these devices can be set here.
The Clamp & input transformer settings group box displays and, if required, allows you to change
settings for external devices:
• IClamp for the current clamp parameters
• CT for the transformation ratio of the current transformer
• VT for the transformation ratio of the voltage transformer
By default, the transformation ratios of the current and voltage transformers for the selected external
device are preset. For the default value associated with different instantiation procedures, see
Table 2-1: ”Instantiation procedures” on page 55.
56 OMICRON
Introduction
Default freq.
The "Default freq." data entry field allows you to enter the default frequency. For the default value
associated with different instantiation procedures, see Table 2-1: "Instantiation procedures" on
page 55.
Auto Save
As the name implies, the Auto Save feature automatically saves the current test settings in fixed
intervals. These intervals can be set in the "Auto Save" box. There are three time intervals available (10,
30 or 60 minutes), and the option OFF which disables Auto Save.
Auto Save saves all actual data to a file named lastmeas.xml. So depending on the set time interval,
in case of a system crash, lastmeas.xml may contain more actual data than the last manually saved
test. The file is created during the next booting process.
When Auto Save saves test settings, it pops up a dialog notifying you about it.
Auto Save works in Test Procedure Overview, File Operations or Options without any restrictions. In
Test Card View, Auto Save does not work as long as a test is running, or as long as inputs are measured
(for example, in Quick).
In a case like this, Auto Save repeats the attempt to save the test settings in intervals until it succeeds,
that is, until the test is finished and it can save the data. After this, Auto Save returns to the set time
interval.
Fan always on full speed
If selected, the CPC 100 cools down faster. Thus, the duty cycle can be increased.
Restore Defaults
Note: Pressing the Restore defaults menu key resets all user-specific settings made in the CPC 100
software to factory-defined defaults including:
• the test card defaults
• the test procedure default
• all settings made at the Device Setup tab (sets external booster to CB2, sets CT and VT to "OFF",
and sets the value in the "Default freq." data entry field to 50 Hz)
• the String Editor’s template strings (refer to 9.2.1 "Template phrases" on page 264).
Network
OMICRON 57
CPC 100 Reference Manual
Via the built-in ePC, the CPC 100 can be accessed from a stand-alone PC, for example, a notebook and
via a PC network. At the Network tab the communication settings are specified.
In the combo box select between
DHCP/Auto IP Configures all communication parameters automatically; the DHCP server will do
it for you or it will be done via the Auto IP mechanism.
The data entry fields for IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS are
read-only, no data can be entered. This is the recommended setting.
Static IP Configure the communication parameters manually by entering the values into
the data entry fields using the soft-touch keys.
Section ”CPC 100 in a network” in chapter 10 explains in detail how to connect the CPC 100 to either a
stand-alone PC or a PC network, and how to configure such a connection.
Once the communication parameters are configured, press Save Options to save them to the
Windows Registry.
For a change to come into effect, the CPC 100 needs to be restarted.
Accessories
The Accessories tab comprises safety-relevant settings for the CP TD. The settings you choose in this
view serve as a default for all corresponding test cards you set up afterwards.
Note: Per default and after start-up, the check boxes are activated.
1
2
3
1. Use beeper
If activated, the beeper sounds during the entire test. If cleared, the beeper sounds at the beginning and
the end of the test only.
2. Perform shield check
58 OMICRON
Introduction
The shield check verifies if both the high-voltage connector and the grounding terminal are connected to
the CP TD. In certain cases, for example when strong interferences are present during testing or when
compensating reactors (e. g. the CP CR500 or CP CR600) are used, the shield check will prompt a false
error message.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that both the high-voltage connector and the grounding terminal are
connected and that the cables and connectors are intact before deactivating the shield
check.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that the device under test is connected and that all cables and connectors
are intact before deactivating the loop check.
Display
The "sliding" regulator brightens or darkens the monitor display and the contrast within it. Adding contrast
increases the difference in shading between areas.
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Synchronization
Synchronize up to two slave units (CPC 100 or CPC 80) with a CPC 100 configured as master unit for
testing with the Quick, Sequencer, Ramping, Amplifier and HV Resonance Test System test cards.
Note: Synchronization requires the CPC Sync plug-in card and license, and the TRC1.
CPC 100 V0 devices cannot be used for synchronization.
Sync mode:
► Set one Master and up to two Slaves
Displayed on Status
M1 Master Slave 1 synchronized
M2 Master Slave 2 synchronized
M Master Both slaves synchronized with master
S Slave Status OK
EV Slave CPC version mismatch
EO Slave Different outputs set on master and slave(s)
Set the same outputs on all devices.
ES All No TRC1 connected
EC All Sync cable(s) error/not connected
Available output ranges in the Quick, Sequencer, Amplifier and Ramping test cards with synchronized
CPC devices:
• AC 800 A
• CB2 1000 A
• CB2 2000 A
• TR8 200 V
• Output for customized matching transformer
60 OMICRON
Introduction
Note: The output value depends on the number of synchronized CPC devices
(for example: 3 CPC devices – max. output value: 800 A x 3 = 2400 A).
NOTICE
Equipment damage possible
► When connecting devices in series, make sure that the insulation of the equipment housing can
withstand the maximum applied voltage.
3000 V
2000 V
2000 V
1000 V
1000 V
Figure 2-26: Series connection of devices causing increasing voltage stress on the housing insulation
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CPC 100 Reference Manual
Date / Time
Regional Settings
Choose a regional setting for language, temperature unit, distance unit, date and time style. These
settings affect the way the CPC 100 software displays and sort dates, times, numbers and decimal
points.
62 OMICRON
Introduction
Service
During operation, the CPC 100 creates a logfile with a user-definable logging level (see below).
Every time the CPC 100 is switched on, it generates a new logfile, and saves the existing one as the
"previous" logfile. This way, the occurrences of the previous and the current session can be viewed.
The logging level specifies the occurrences to be recorded in the logfile:
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System Info
64 OMICRON
Introduction
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In the CPC 100 file system, the test procedure default is not visible as a "file" (refer to 2.4.7 "The
CPC 100 file system" on page 53).
Step 3
Step 2
Step 1
Figure 2-31: Creating a user-defined default by customizing the test procedure default
66 OMICRON
Introduction
In the test card view, insert as many test cards as needed to the currently open
Step 1:
test procedure default.
Step 2: At the CPC 100 front panel view selector, switch to the Test Procedure Overview.
Press Save As Default to make this test procedure the new test procedure
Step 3:
default.
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68 OMICRON
Introduction
2.6.3 Basic steps to carry out a test with the CPC 100
1. Verify that the substation is prepared accordingly and you comply with all safety regulations.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
► Connect the CPC 100 grounding terminal to the substation ground.
► Use a wire with a cross-section of ≥ 6 mm².
2. Make sure that the power switch on the CPC 100 side panel is turned off.
Press the Emergency Stop button.
3. Connect the CPC 100 to the mains power supply using the provided cable.
4. With the test object grounded and shorted out, connect the CPC 100 to the test object according to
your requirements.
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5. Set up a barrier to separate the high voltage area from the safe area (see Figure 1-1: "Example of
the separation of work area and high-voltage area using different OMICRON devices" on page 18).
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
► Do not enter the high voltage area during measurement.
► Remain in the safe area.
► Before entering the high voltage area, follow step 12 to 15 later in this section.
6. Remove the grounding set from the test object.
7. Turn on the CPC 100 at its POWER switch at the left-hand side.
The green status light "0" lights up, showing that the current/voltage source is not active.
8.Set up your test in the CPC 100 software, and, where applicable, determine whether you
want to perform an automatic or a manual test.
The following chapters of this manual comprise an example for each available test.
For a detailed description of how to use the software refer to section ”How to use the CPC 100
software” on page 39 of this chapter.
9. Once all test cards are prepared and the parameters set, make sure the key lock is in position
"unlocked" (horizontal). Release the Emergency Stop button.
10.Start the test by pressing the green I/O (test start/stop) push-button on the CPC 100 front
panel.
Note:
• A test can only be started in the Test Card View and with all preconditions met (refer to ”Starting a
test” on page 50 of this chapter).
• If voltages ≥ 500 V are to be applied, after pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button for the first
time a warning message appears on the screen.
Only after the I/O push-button is pressed a second time, the voltage is applied to the CPC 100 output.
• An error message (313) appears if no PE connection can be detected on the power supply.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
This is a safety-relevant message. If the reason for this message is that the PE is not
connected, this can cause injury or possibly death of the operating staff.
► Make sure that both PE and grounding terminal are connected.
11.If a potentially hazardous voltage and/or current level is fed by the CPC 100 outputs, the
red signal red light "I" starts flashing.
12.After testing, switch off the high voltage or current immediately with the I/O (test start/stop)
push-button.
13.If you do not use the CPC 100 anymore, turn the key to "lock" (vertical) and remove the key to avoid
anybody accidentally turning on the high voltage or current.
Note: After turning off the high voltage or current observe the status lights: only when the CPC 100
green status light is on and the red one off, switch off the key lock and take off its key.
70 OMICRON
Introduction
14.After turning off the CPC 100 outputs, connect all terminals of the test object to ground and short-
circuit them again using a grounding set.
15.Remove the connection between the CPC 100 and the test object.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
► Never touch any metallic terminals and housing components without a visible ground
connection!
2.7 Cleaning
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
► Prior to cleaning disconnect the device.
► To clean one of the devices described in this document, use a cloth dampened with isopropanol
alcohol or water.
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The CPC 100 starts in the Test Card View (refer to 2.4.5 "Test card view" on page 43) with the test
procedure default. Initially, the test procedure default contains one empty Quick test card. However, this
template can be customized according to your specific requirements with as many test cards as needed
and of all types of your choice.
By creating a user-defined test procedure default, the CPC 100 starts up loading your most frequently
used test cards already containing specific values.
To learn more about defining such a template, refer to 2.4.11 "Creating defaults and templates" on
page 65.
Quick starts in "measuring" state with de-activated outputs, displaying the measured values in the
measurement table of the Quick test card.
The measurements as well as the indication of the binary input’s signal status (refer to ”Bin.In:” on page
80 of this chapter) are updated with an interval of approx. 0.5 s.
After having set all necessary parameters (more about this in the following sections), press the I/O
(test start/stop) push-button. The Quick test card enters the "on" state, the set power output value is
switched to the CPC 100 outputs, the measuring continues.
Pressing the Quick test card menu key Keep Results saves the currently measured values
and "freezes" their display in the measurement table. Both the "measuring" and the "on" state
remain active, the measurement continues in a new line of the measurement table.
72 OMICRON
Getting started with Quick
While in "on" state, pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button terminates the test. The CPC 100
outputs are turned off, and Quick returns to the "measuring" mode.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Together with the test object’s capacitance, the leakage inductance of the CPC 100’s
internal output transformer forms a series resonant circuit. Especially at
frequencies > 50 / 60 Hz this may result in voltage superelevation.
► When testing capacitive test objects using voltages ≥ 500 V, make sure that the test
object’s capacitance does not exceed 25 nF.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Quick in combination with a DC output on test objects with highly capacitive
characteristics.
► Mind the danger of test object’s charged capacitance. Before connecting or
disconnecting any leads, use a grounding/discharging rod
► to discharge all terminals of the test object.
► to connect all terminals of the test object to ground and short-circuit all
capacitances.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Quick to measure the resistance of windings with highly inductive
characteristics. Turning off the DC source results in life-threatening voltage levels.
► For this kind of measurement only use the special winding resistance test cards
RWinding, TRTapCheck or OLTC-Scan.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 55) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 49.
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1. sel = frequency-selective. To learn more about frequency-selective measurements, refer to ”The frequency-selective
measurement” on page 76 of this chapter.
*) Only available with a respective license for more accurate trigger times.
Note: Not all measured quantities are available in all output ranges.
2. VT (VT sel): Measures the voltage considering the set VT ratio setting.
3. I Clamp (I Clamp sel): Measures the current considering the set I Clamp ratio setting.
4. CT (CT sel): Measures the current considering the set CT ratio setting.
5. f V1 AC: Measures the frequency of the V1 AC input.
After having pressed Keep Results, the combo boxes of the measured quantities are disabled,
that is, the quantities cannot be changed.
Calculated value
Both the items to select from in this combo box and the corresponding display at the
measurement table below depend on the selected measured quantities.
In this combo box you determine what the measurement table displays (see Table
”After having pressed Keep Results, the combo boxes of the measured quantities are
disabled, that is, the quantities cannot be changed.” on page 74 of this chapter).
74 OMICRON
Getting started with Quick
After having pressed Keep Results, the combo box for the calculated quantity is disabled, that
is, the calculated quantities cannot be changed.
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Apart from Quick, the frequency-selective measurement is also available for other test cards:
CT VT Transformer Others
• CTRatio • VTRatio • TRRatio • Sequencer
• CTBurden • VTBurden • Ramping
• CTRatioV • VTElectronics • SV-Ratio
• CTLowPower • SV-Ratio
• SV-Ratio
In Quick, Sequencer and Ramping the frequency-selective measurement is selectable, whereas at the
other test cards, it is preset and cannot be cleared.
76 OMICRON
Getting started with Quick
Range
Output ranges are available if the respective external booster was selected at the
Options tab Device Setup (see 2.4.10 "Options" on page 55) or on the Settings
page of the Quick test card.
Each range has an associated minimum and maximum value, a fixed precision value
as well as a preset number of decimal characters (refer also to "Setting Up a Test
Card" on page 46).
If Quick operates in the "on" state, the output range setting is locked and cannot be
changed.
While in the "measuring" state with de-activated outputs, when a range is changed,
the output changes accordingly to a new value within the allowed range between
minimum and maximum.
After having pressed Keep Results, the output range setting and the measurements
settings are locked and cannot be changed.
Power output value
Current (I) or voltage (V) value, depending on the specified range (see above).
Any value between minimum and maximum as well as the explicit value 0.0 is
possible, even while in the "on" state.
The respective minimum and maximum values depend on the range and, for voltage
ranges, also on the frequency. For frequencies smaller than 50 Hz, and down to the
minimum frequency of 15 Hz, the possible maximum voltage value decreases linear
proportional to the frequency value.
Current ranges do not have such a dependency.
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78 OMICRON
Getting started with Quick
1 2
3 4
5
1 Trigger on:
Selection of trigger event
• no trigger (default)
• binary trigger = CPC 100 input BIN IN is monitored for a trigger event
• trigger = first measurement value (m1) > set threshold value
• trigger = first measurement value (m1) < set threshold value
• trigger = second measurement value (m2) > set threshold value
• trigger = second measurement value (m2) < set threshold value
• overload = the trigger event is an overload condition that occurs at the selected output.
What is an "Overload" trigger?
At the 800A AC output, an overload trigger is a condition in which the set current cannot
be reached any longer, for example, because of an opening contact or circuit breaker.
Note: Current values < 50 A do not initiate an "Overload" when the current circuit opens.
Therefore, if you use the trigger condition "Overload", choose a nominal current value of
≥ 50 A.
Quick differentiates two "Overload" trigger conditions:
1.the occurrence of an overload (as described above)
2.the clearing of an overload condition (clearing is delayed by 100 ms to debounce).
Note: Trigger conditions with "<" are meaningful in combination with external signals only,
that is, with signals that are not coming from the CPC 100.
Reason: if the trigger signal comes from the CPC 100, the trigger condition will always be
"true" at the moment the I/O (test start/stop) push-button is pressed.
After having pressed Keep Results, the trigger event is locked and cannot be changed.
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3 Bin.In:
Indicates the signal condition at the binary input Bin In. 4 different characteristics are
possible:
Closed: potential-free contact between BinIn+ and BinIn– closed.
Come:
trigger signal with rising edge occurred at BinIn.
Go:
trigger signal with falling edge occurred at BinIn
80 OMICRON
Getting started with Quick
2. Disabled
The CPC 100 outputs remain active, that is, in "on" state, after the trigger
event occurred. If the trigger is binary, the "BinIn" indicator reflects the
occurrence of the trigger event accordingly.
The focus remains in data entry mode on the field for the power output value
setting, allowing an immediate change of the output value.
The measurements continue after the trigger event.
As soon as the output value is changed, the display of the most recent delay
time is removed.
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4 Current transformer
Note: With regard to software handling, this section confines to test-relevant issues, and does not go
into detailed procedural descriptions.
It is assumed that you have read and understood the section 2.4 "How to use the CPC 100 software" on
page 39.
Highlight the test card of your choice either by navigating with the handwheel or by using the context-
dependent Up/Down menu keys, and press Enter.
Note: The test cards
• CTRatio (and Burden)
• CTBurden
• CTRatioV (with Voltage)
• CTLowPower (Ratio)
employ the method of frequency-selective measurement, which is used to filter out interferences as they
usually occur in substations.
To learn more about frequency-selective measurement, please refer to 3.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 76.
82 OMICRON
Current transformer
P1/H1
S1/X1
Burden
CT
P2/H2 S2/X2
Figure 4-2: Setup of testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with injection to current input
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Test settings
Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Note: If the test involves either an external booster to gain a higher output current or a current clamp to
measure I sec, set these devices at the Options tab Device Setup before starting the test.
Measure The option Measure Burden lets you measure the burden, the
Burden secondary voltage and the cos ϕ (cosinus of angle between secondary
current and secondary voltage).
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 55) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 49.
84 OMICRON
Current transformer
Measurements
Iprim: actual current output at the 800A AC output that is injected into the CT’s primary side
Isec: measured secondary current and phase angle ϕ relative to Iprim
Ratio: ratio Iprim /Isec., here 200:5.01331
and deviation of current ratio in %.
((Kn x Isec - Iprim) / Iprim) x 100%2
((200A / 5A * 5.013A - 199.99A) / 199.99A) x 100% = +0.265%
Polarity: displays the status of the polarity
OK = phaseIsec - phaseIprim = -45°< 0° < +45°
NOT OK = all other cases
1. The value 5.0133 is calculated as follows:
Isec act x (Iprim nom / Iprim act); here: 5.013 A x (200A / 199.99A) = 5.0133
2. Kn = rated transformation value, here: 200A / 5A
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P1/H1
S1/X1
Burden
CT
P2/H2 S2/X2
Figure 4-4: Setup for testing ratio, polarity and burden with injection to current input
86 OMICRON
Current transformer
Note: For CTs that have a hole rather than a primary busbar just loop the high-current cable through the
hole and connect the high-current clamps together.
Figure 4-5: CTRatio test card with selected "Measure burden" option and test results
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88 OMICRON
Current transformer
To measure Isec, a current clamp can be connected to, for example, the I AC/DC current measuring
input (as shown in Figure 4-6 below).
Note: If a current clamp is used to measure I sec, select the corresponding check box on the test card,
and specify the current clamp at the Options tab Device Setup (recommended) or on the Settings
page.
P1/H1
S1/X1
Burden
CT
C-Probe 1
P2/H2 S2/X2
Figure 4-6: Setup for testing ratio, polarity (and burden) with a current clamp
The test itself is carried out in the same way as the test described at ”Testing ratio, polarity (and burden)
with injection into current input” on page 83 of this chapter. Please refer to this section.
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Note: We recommend to use a current clamp with voltage output to be connected to the V2 AC input.
Note: Due to cross-talk between the measuring inputs V1 AC and V2 AC on earlier CPC 100 devices,
we suggest not to connect a current clamp to the input V2 AC. This issue was solved for devices with
serial number starting from KFxxxx (serial numbers are alphabetical in ascending order!). However, a
hardware upgrade is available for older devices before this series. For further information, please contact
your local sales partner.
4.3 CTBurden
Use the CTBurden test card to measure a current transformer’s secondary burden with AC current
injection into the load (up to 6A).
To do so, open the circuit as shown in Figure 4-7, and inject the AC current from the CPC 100
6A ACoutput into the burden.
The I AC input measures the current that flows into the burden, and the V1 AC input measures the
voltage at the burden.
From these measurements, the burden (in VA) and the power factor cos ϕ are calculated.
This is the preferred method in cases when the current of max. 800A that the CPC 100 can feed into the
CT’s primary side is not sufficient.
Note: Disconnect burden from the CT to avoid measurement errors
P1/H1
S1/X1
Burden
CT
P2/H2 S2/X2
90 OMICRON
Current transformer
Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vsec manually, for
example, when Vsec was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V1 AC.
4.3.2 Measurements
Isec: actual secondary current, measured via input I AC
Vsec: secondary voltage at the burden, measured at input V1 AC, and phase angle ϕ relative
to Isec
Burden: burden in VA: Isec nom × (Vsec act × Isec nom/Isec act)
cos ϕ cosine of phase angle ϕ
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92 OMICRON
Current transformer
OMICRON 93
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P1/H1
S1/X1
Burden
CT
P2/H2 S2/X2
94 OMICRON
Current transformer
► Navigate to the parameter fields for "Imax:", "Vmax:" and "f:", and enter the values according to your
test requirements.
► Select check box "Auto" for automatic test (default), clear it for manual test (refer to page 96).
► Set the focus onto the combo box underneath "I:".
► The options of this combo box let you determine the method for the knee point calculation:
IEC/BS According to IEC 60044-1, the knee point is defined as the point on the curve where a
voltage increment of 10% increases the current by 50%.
ANSI 45° According to IEEE C57.13, the knee point is the point where, with a double logarithmic
representation, the tangent line to the curve forms a 45° angle.
Applies to current transformer cores without an air gap.
ANSI 30° Like ANSI 45° but forming a 30° angle.
Applies to current transformer cores with an air gap.
Once the test is finished and the knee point calculated according to the selected method, it is possible
to switch between IEC/BS, ANSI 45° and ANSI 30°. The knee point is recalculated accordingly.
Noise suppression: Select if you see unsteadiness and jumps in the CT excitation curve. The
unsteadiness or jumps can occur due to noise or disturbance during the measurement.
If noise suppression is selected, the measurement is done with a different frequency.
If fnom ≥ 60 Hz -> ftest = fnom - 10 Hz.
If fnom < 60 Hz -> ftest = fnom + 10 Hz.
The voltage will then be calculated back to fnom (V = Vmeas * fnom/ftest). With fnom < 60 Hz, the maximum
test voltage is reduced up to 20% and with fnom ≥ 60 Hz, the maximum test voltage is increased up to
16%. The exciting current will not be corrected as the influence is very small.
Note: According to the standards, the CTExcitation test card measures the rectified mean value (rmv)
of the voltage, however, during the measurement the rms voltages are set. The rmv and rms values can
differ considerably when the CT is in saturation.
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Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vtest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V:" entry field.
► Set the first value of your choice (rms value) either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value
with the numerical keys.
Note: When using the handwheel, make sure not to increase the amplitude too fast since this may
shortly exceed the set value I max. Turn the handwheel slowly.
► "I:" shows the corresponding current value and indicates it with the crosshair cursor in the graphics.
► Press Add Point to add the test point to the graph.
► Repeat this procedure for all additional test points.
► The points you set are automatically connected (interpolated) with linear line segments.
► Press Remove Last P. to undo the adding of the last test point. Press the key repeatedly to remove
more than one point.
► Press Remove All to clear all points at once. This does not terminate the test but lets you set new
test points.
► Once all test points are set, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to stop the manual test. The
knee point is calculated, and its values are displayed at "Iknee:" and "Vknee:".
► The test can now be assessed.
96 OMICRON
Current transformer
Both cases, an automatic stop after the test and stopping the test manually during the sweep, reduce
the test voltage to the minimum (Vmin) within approx. 1s of time, and demagnetize the transformer core.
Figure 4-11: CTExcitation test card - test points set in automatic test mode
The graph displays the test results in form of an interpolated curve with test point markers.
Turn the handwheel to set the focus onto the graph, and press it. This will bring up a crosshair cursor
that lets you navigate through the list of test points by using the keys Previous Point and Next Point.
Turning the handwheel has the same effect. The fields "V:" and "I:" display the value pair of each test
point.
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4.4.3 Demagnetization
Both direct currents (DC) or unsymmetrical AC currents (for example, asymmetries when the CT is
switched off) can cause a residual induction in CT cores. Residual induction can result in an high
increase of the ratio error.
To reduce the residual induction to zero, the CT cores should be demagnetized after all CT tests with
DC, for example, after a measurement of the CT winding resistance, or the measurement of the contact
resistances of the primary circuit.
Also demagnetize the core before carrying out ratio measurements.
If the limit values for current and voltage (Imax and Vmax) at the CTExcitation test card are high
enough to bring the core into saturation during the recording of an excitation curve, slowly decreasing
the testing voltage demagnetizes the CT automatically.
Demagnetization can also be done without recording an excitation curve by pressing the Demag. button.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not exceed the current specification of the CT
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► Make sure that no other secondary windings are open.
► After a measurement, wait until the CPC 100 has discharged completely.
► Before disconnecting from the CPC 100, connect the device under test on both ends
to protective earth.
► Short-circuit the winding under test before disconnecting the test leads.
98 OMICRON
Current transformer
Use the test card RWinding to measure the resistance of a current transformer’s secondary winding. To
do so, open the circuit as shown in Figure 4-14, and inject DC current from the CPC 100 6A DC output
into the transformer’s secondary winding. Currents higher than 6 A are not needed for measuring CTs.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
It is recommended to perform all winding resistance measurements with the CP SA1
connected to the CPC 100 V DC input sockets to protect yourself and the CPC 100 from
high-voltage hazards.
► The CP SA1 must be used for measurements using the 400A DC output.
► Before disconnecting the test leads, short-circuit the transformer’s terminals first and
then remove the wirings to the CPC 100.
Before using the CP SA1, you can check its functionality by following the test procedure in 15.5 "CP
SA1" on page 322. If the CP SA1 is defective, contact OMICRON.
V DC input measures the voltage generated at the transformer’s secondary winding. From that value the
winding resistance is calculated.
Due to the significant time span needed for the transformer’s inductance to reach its saturation, this test
evaluates the deviation of measured values within a time interval of 10 seconds. The winding resistance
is continually measured and stored in the CPC 100 internal memory. The calculated difference between
the maximum and minimum measured values in % within the last 10 seconds is displayed.
Furthermore this test comprises the option to take a temperature compensation for copper (Cu) and
aluminum (Al) into consideration (refer to page 102).
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► Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Note: The transformer’s core is magnetized after the measurement. Demagnetization can be done using
the CTExcitation test card (see ”CTExcitation (knee point)” on page 94 of this chapter).
100 OMICRON
Current transformer
P1/H1
S1/X1
Burden
CT
S2/X2
P2/H2
CP SA1
4.5.2 Measurements
IDC: actual test current from 6A DC output or 400A DC output
VDC: voltage that IDC generates at the transformer’s secondary winding, measured at V DC
input
R meas: transformer’s winding resistance, calculated from VDC / IDC
Time: total elapsed test time
Dev: deviation in % between the maximum and the minimum measured values evaluated
within the last 10 seconds of the measurement. The results are considered stable if
Dev < 0.1%.
Note: The VDC voltage is limited to 10 V. If n/a appears in the VDC box, decrease the test current to
lower the voltage generated at the transformer’s secondary winding below 10 V.
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Depending on these two parameters, the reference resistance (R ref, temperature-compensated winding
resistance) is calculated:
Option cleared:
For the winding resistance measurement there is no temperature compensation taken into
consideration.
► Once all settings are defined, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
► When the measurements are taken, finish the test by assessing it.
► To learn more about test assessment, refer to 9.1 "Test assessment" on page 262.
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Current transformer
P1/H1
S1/X1
Burden
CT
P2/H2 S2/X2
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Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Option "Auto"
Select this combo box and specify a duration time for the voltage withstand test to run (default = 60
seconds). After this time, the test is turned off automatically.
Clear this combo box if you prefer to either turn off the test manually, or have it turned off by the option
"Switch off on I AC>" without a duration time involved.
Note: If both options "Switch off on I AC>" and "Auto" are selected, they act as an OR operation, that is,
whatever occurs first will turn off the voltage withstand test.
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4.6.2 Measurements
VAC: injected voltage from 2kV AC output at the time the test turned off
IAC: measured current between the transformer’s primary and secondary windings at the
time the test turned off
Imax: maximum measured current between primary and secondary winding during the entire
test cycle
Once all settings are defined, press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test.
The test voltage increases in a ramp characteristic from 0V to Vtest. Vtest is then applied to the output
for the specified time span. The measurements are continuously taken. Afterwards Vtest decreases in
a ramp characteristic.
When the measurements are taken, finish the test by assessing it.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 9.1 "Test assessment" on page 262.
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DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not exceed the current specification of the CT.
► Make sure that no secondary CT windings are open.
Use the PolCheck test card to check a series of test points for correct polarity.
To do so, the CPC 100 injects a special polarity test signal at a certain location. This signal can either
be a voltage or a current signal from the CPC 100, and has a signal characteristic similar to a saw-tooth
signal with a different steepness for the rising and the falling slope.
The polarity check itself is then done with the accessory CPOL2, a portable easy-to-use polarity checker.
P1/H1
S1/X1 S1 S1
2
2
OL
OL
CP
CP
polarity checker polarity checker
CPOL2 CPOL2
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Current transformer
If CPOL2 detects the same signal characteristic at a test point, it considers the polarity as
OK, and lights up the green LED.
If the signal characteristic is inverted or distorted, CPOL2 considers the polarity not OK, and
lights up the red LED.
+ If CPOL2 detects a signal that is too low, both LEDs light up at the same time. Remedy:
increase the signal magnitude.
► If you are not quite certain whether your measurement is correct, you can confirm it by reversing the
probes of the CPOL2. In that case, the other LED should light up.
CPOL2 battery
+ If the capacity of the CPOL2’s battery decreases to a certain level, the LED start flashing. As
flashing long as the LED are flashing, the CPOL2’s battery provides sufficient power to continue
working. However, the battery should be changed as soon as possible.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Handle with extreme caution: The measurement circuit may carry life-threatening
voltages. Only touch the measurement setup with the CPOL2 measurement tips and
comply with the instruction stated in the CPOL2 User Manual.
► If you detect a wrong polarity in the current path, turn off the CPC 100 first, and only
then disconnect the terminals.
► Never operate the CPOL2 with an open battery compartment. A life-hazardous voltage
level may occur in the battery compartment if the CPOL2’s probe touches a test point
with high-voltage potential.
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Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Select the option "Intermittent" to define a pulse duty cycle for the output signal:
Clear the option Intermittent to apply the polarity check output signal continuously.
Note: Please observe the allowed duty cycles that may apply to the selected AC output
range. The allowed pulse duty cycle, that is, the typical time tmax, depends on the selected range, the
ambient temperature, the operating conditions of the CPC 100 etc.
For more information please refer to 14.3 "CPC 100 outputs" on page 290.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 55) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 49.
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Current transformer
Figure 4-19: Highlighting a test point changes the context-dependent menu keys
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P1/H1
S1/X1
Burden
CT
P2/H2 S2/X2
Figure 4-20: Setup for testing the ratio and polarity by measuring the voltage ratio
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Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Note: If the transformer’s knee point voltage is approximated or exceeded due to the transformer’s
saturation, the measurement results are not correct anymore. If the knee point is extensively exceeded,
the transformer can even be damaged.
Therefore, the knee point voltage should be known or measured beforehand.
Generally, to set the test voltage to 75% of the knee-point voltage is a good choice.
The frequency should be set 15 to 20 Hz off the mains frequency to avoid interferences by life systems
in the neighborhood.
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4.8.2 Measurements
Vsec: actual output at the 2kV AC output that is injected to the CT’s secondary side
Vprim: measured voltage on CT’s primary side and phase angle ϕ relative to Vsec
Iout measured current from Vsec output
Ratio: ratio Iprim /Isec, here 200:5.01341
and deviation of current ratio in %. Formula:
Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vprim manually, for
example, when Vprim was measured with an external volt meter.
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► Stop the manual test by pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button. The test can now be
assessed.
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
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Use the CTRogowski test card to measure a Rogowski coil’s ratio by injecting current up to 800 A from
the CPC 100 800A AC output or up to 2000 A using the CP CB2 current booster connected to the "EXT.
BOOSTER" output into the current-carrying conductor, and by measuring the induced voltage at the end
of the Rogowski coil windings.
A Rogowski coil’s induced voltage is proportional to the conductor current differentiated with respect to
time. Therefore, in order to acquire a direct equivalent of the conductor’s current, the induced voltage
needs to be integrated. In general, a Rogowski coil’s output signal is either lead via an integrating
amplifier or fed into an electronic protection relay with integrator. The CTRogowski test card integrates
the Rogowski coil’s output signal at the CPC 100 input V2 AC.
Disconnect the Rogowski coil’s output signal from the electronic protection relay, and plug it into the
CPC 100 V2 AC input.
The CTRogowski test card measures the amplitude of the injected current Iprim and the Rogowski coil’s
output voltage Vsec, integrates this signal, and calculates the secondary current Isec, its phase angle
as well as the actual ratio and the deviation.
P2/H2
P1/H1
Electronic
protection relay
with integrator (for
example 150mV
Shielded cable with at Inominal)
twisted wires.
Shield connected to
Rogowski coil.
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Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Note: When using the CTRogowski test card, the 3V V2 AC input uses an additional software-based
integration method.
In the range of 50 Hz < f < 60 Hz, this results in a phase shift of 90° as well as an additional phase error
of +/- 0.1° and an additional amplitude error of +/- 0.01%. For frequencies in the range of
15 Hz < f < 400 Hz, the phase error is not specified, and the amplitude error can be up to +/- 0.50%
higher.
Therefore, for phase measurements, use a frequency range of 50 Hz < f < 60 Hz only.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 55) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 49.
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4.9.2 Measurements
Iprim: actual output current at the output that is injected into the Rogowski coil’s
(lower field) current-carrying conductor
Vsec: secondary voltage measured at V2 AC
Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vsec manually, for example, when
Vsec was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V2 AC.
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Current transformer
Use the CTLowPower test card to measure the ratio of a low-power current transformer.
A low-power current transformer contains a built-in burden, and provides an output voltage that is directly
proportional to the primary current. For both protection and measurement only one transformer is
required. A low-power current transformer provides a wide nominal current range, and operates linear
and without saturation through the entire range up to the short-circuit current.
To carry out this test, disconnect the ODU plug of the current transformer’s secondary side from the
protection relay, plug it into the CPC 100 V2 AC input, and inject current up to 800 A from the CPC 100
800A AC output or up to 2000 A using the CP CB2 current booster connected to the "EXT. BOOSTER"
output to the current transformer’s primary side.
P1/H1
Built-in burden
S1/X1
R Electronic
CT protection relay with
Shielded cable with low-voltage input
S2/X2 twisted wires (e.g. 22.5 mV at
I nom)
P2/H2
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Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Note: If the test involves an external booster to gain a higher output current, set this booster at the
Options tab Device Setup before starting the test.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 55) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 49.
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4.10.2 Measurements
Iprim: actual output current at the output that is injected into the low power current
transformer’s primary side
Vsec: secondary voltage measured at V2 AC, and its phase angle relative to Iprim
Ratio: ratio Iprim/Vsec., here 200.0:22.53 A/mV1
and deviation of current ratio in %. Formula:
((Kn x Vsec - Iprim) / Iprim) x 100%2
((200A / 22.5mV * 22.53mV - 199.99A) / 199.99A) x 100% = +0.138%
Polarity: displays the status of the polarity
OK = phaseVsec - phaseIprim = -45° < 0° < 45°
NOT OK = all other cases
1. The value 22.53mV is calculated as follows:
Vsec act x (Iprim nom / Iprim act); here: 22.53mV x (199.99A / 200A) = 22.53 mV (rounded)
2. Kn = rated transformation value, here: 200A / 22.5mV
Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vsec manually, for example, when
Vsec was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V2 AC.
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4.11 TanDelta - PF
The test card TanDelta - PF was especially developed for the CP TD.
The CP TD (CP TD1, CP TD12 or CP TD15) is an optionally available high-precision test system for on-
site insulation tests of high-voltage systems like power and measuring transformers, circuit breakers,
capacitors and isolators. The CP TD works as an add-on device to the CPC 100 and is described in the
CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals on the Primary Test Manager DVD and the
CPC 100 Start Page.
The TanDelta - PF test card can be accessed from CT, VT, Transformer and Others.
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With this calculated noise-reduced signal, a re-transformation to the discrete signal is performed. At last,
the RMS value of this signal is calculated.
Signal with sample points Hann window function performs a
Spectral function after FFT frequency selection
with noise
FFT
RMS value
Inverse FFT
Automatic MU and channel detection is achieved by injecting a unique test signal. An optimized and
time-effective algorithm searches for the unique test pattern within all available MUs on the network to
identify the correct channel for testing.
The frequency-selective measurement is used to filter out interferences as they usually occur
in substations. To do so, the frequency of the CPC 100 output quantity is set to a value
different from the substation’s frequency, for example, the substation operates with a
frequency of 50 Hz, the CPC 100 output frequency is set to 55 Hz.
The quantity measured back at the CPC 100 input is measured selectively, that is, only a quantity with
the specified frequency is fully taken into consideration for the measurement. Quantities with different
frequencies are filtered out according to the characteristics shown in Figure 4-27.
Amplitude in dB
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4.12.1 Glossary
Merging Unit (MU) A merging unit collects the analog inputs of four voltage and
four current transformers and sends them as a digital sampled
values (SV) stream in Ethernet packets to a destination MAC
address together with the name (SVID) (a clear text string)
and the APPID (a number) of the merging unit. The eight
values (four voltages and four currents) are called channels,
named Va, Vb, Vc, Vn and Ia, Ib, Ic, In. The merging unit
delivers primary values.
Sampled Value ID (SVID) The sampled value ID is for identifying the SV stream. It is
unique within a system and is correlated to a merging unit
(MU).
MAC Address A Media Access Control address (MAC address) is a unique
identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications
on the physical network segment. MAC addresses are used
for numerous network technologies and most IEEE 802
network technologies including Ethernet.
An Ethernet host is addressed by its Ethernet MAC address.
Destination MAC Address This is the multicast MAC address according to IEEE 802.3 of
the receiving host.
The range is 01-0C-CD-04-00-00 (default) to 01-0C-CD-04-
01-FF.
The MAC address is displayed in a hyphen notation (as
shown above). It is also allowed to enter the MAC address
using colons as delimiters: 01:0C:CD:04:00:00.
Source MAC Address MAC address of the sending host.
Application ID (APPID) This is the application identifier according to IEC 61850-9-2.
The range is 0x4000 (default) to 0x7FFF.
The value is displayed in decimal notation. The ToolTip shows
the value in hexadecimal notation. However, entering in
hexadecimal notation is also allowed.
The implementation guideline specifies the single value
0x4000, while IEC 61850-9-2 allows the range as stated
above and recommends having unique, source orientated
APPIDs within a system.
Nominal frequency (f nom) of MU Either 50 Hz or 60 Hz as parameterized by the MU.
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Ethernet
output input IRT**
CPC 100
Switch
0111000001
digital
analog
Optical fiber
digital
0111000001
MU* Substation
CT / VT
Network
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DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that no secondary CT windings are open.
P1/H1
S1/X1
Optical fiber
CT MU
S2/X2
P2/H2
IRT
Ethernet
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Current transformer
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not connect the CPC 100 output to the secondary side of the VT. This will cause
hazardous voltages on the primary side.
A/H1
a/X1
Optical fiber
MU
VT
n/X2
IRT
N/H2
Ethernet
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Channel selection
130 OMICRON
Current transformer
Refresh stream
Stream information
If the MU stream is unknown, the stream search feature (<auto>) conducts an automatic scan of all
found streams until the signal injected by the CPC 100 is found. The search starts upon activating the
CPC 100. The currently searched stream is updated in the user interface until a match is found. If none
matches, the last MU in the list is selected and the polarity in the result table shows "n/a".
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4.12.4 Measurements
The SV-Ratio test card displays the measurement results in a table:
It is possible to start a test several times, and to save results any time, except when the test card is
loaded from a file and has results. For the first SV-Ratio test card, the first MU (alphabetical order) is
selected. For further SV-Ratio test cards, the selection of the preceding SV-Ratio test card is taken over
as default.
The selected MU can only be changed when the CPC 100 is deactivated, and no results are available.
After refreshing the streams, the previously selected MU is retained. If a new SV-Ratio test card is
inserted, the MU of the preceding test card is retained as default.
4.12.5 Tests
1. Ratio and Polarity:
a) The MU is set to a fixed ratio (for example, 1000:1). If the CT also features a ratio of 1000:1 (usual
case), the CPC 100 shows about 1:1 for the ratio. If not, several mistakes or defects are possible:
– wrong wiring (wrong channel of the MU assigned)
– wrong settings in the MU or wrong MU for this CT
– defect in the CT which influences the ratio
b) A unique signal is used to check if the CT is correctly connected to the MU or the CPC 100 output
is connected correctly to the primary side of the CT. For a short time, the CPC 100 sends the
signal and does a cross-correlation with the signal measured back from the SV stream.
Afterwards, the CPC 100 gets a correlation value and with internal limits the software decides if
the polarity is OK, not OK, or if the signal correlation failed.
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2. Automatic MU detection: For commissioning purposes, the MU and channel detection can be
performed as a test to check that the MU and CT cores are correctly wired and named. The CPC 100
searches automatically on which channel the polarity check signal is present and does the polarity
check afterwards.
a) The Automatic stream search feature does a search on all channels of all streams. If on any of
these channels the polarity check signal could be detected, the MU and its channel is selected
and a polarity check is performed.
3. Frequency-selective current/voltage measurement:
a) Apart from the ratio test, the CPC 100 can also read the primary side values without injecting any
signal. Thus, the CPC 100 acts as a selective voltage/current meter. This is especially suitable to
see the primary side voltage and currrents of the bay before de-energizing or after energizing. The
voltage and currents of neighboring systems can also be viewed, for example, for some additional
information during special investigations. For this case, another stream needs to be selected.
To see all the channels, press Chn. A, Chn. B, Chn. C or Chn. N. Example:
b) You have also the possibility to check if the system you want to measure at is really free of voltage
and no current is actually flowing, and if other neighboring live systems are coupling any
dangerous values.
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4. Noise level measurement: This test is used to measure all the frequencies of the CPC 100 to see
if there is "noise" or other signals on a channel without injecting. Thus, you can check on all channels
of the MU at which frequencies the noise is high to determine the best test frequency for your system.
– Quick check: Scan through the channel and look for the maximum value. Save this maximum
value and rename the test card.
– Detailed measurement with Excel for special investigations.
– Cross-coupling noise of the system: Inject a signal with the CPC 100 into one channel and read
back the amplitude of your signal on any other channel. For this test, Auto channel detection
needs to be cleared. With a previously done noise level measurement you can measure at the
frequencies with the lowest noise influence from outside to see how good your test cycle
(CPC 100 -> CT/VT -> MU -> CPC 100) is shielded against cross-talks from other channels. In
addition, you can directly inject into the MU to see how much cross-talk the MU itself causes.
5. Magnitude response of the signal processing chain (15 to 400 Hz):
– Primary injection (of the whole system): By taking the amplitude response of the signal processing
chain (CPC 100 -> CT/VT -> MU -> CPC 100) you can check the frequency behavior of the whole
cycle. Instead, you can also directly inject into the MU channels to check the amplitude response.
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5 Voltage transformer
Note: With regard to software handling, this section confines to test-relevant issues, and does not go
into detailed procedural descriptions.
It is assumed that you have read and understood the section 2.4 "How to use the CPC 100 software" on
page 39.
Highlight the test card of your choice either by navigating with the handwheel or by using the context-
dependent Up/Down menu keys, and press Enter.
Note: The test cards
• VTRatio
• VTBurden
• VTElectronics
• SV-Ratio
employ the method of frequency-selective measurement, which is used to filter out interferences as
they usually occur in substations.
To learn more about frequency-selective measurement, please refer to 3.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 76.
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5.2 VTRatio
Use the VTRatio test card to measure a voltage transformer’s ratio with injection on the VT’s primary
side with up to 2 kV from AC OUTPUT.
It measures amplitude and phase angle of the voltage (at V1AC) and the current on the transformer’s
secondary side, and calculates the actual ratio and the deviation from the nominal ratio.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Do not connect the CPC 100 output to the secondary side of the VT. This will cause
hazardous voltages on the primary side.
A/H1
a/X1
Burden
VT
n/X2
N/H2
136 OMICRON
Voltage transformer
► Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Vprim: nominal primary voltage with the option "value x 1/√ 3"
Vsec: nominal secondary voltage with the options
value x 1/√ 3
value x 1/3
Vtest: primary injection voltage.
By default, Vtest = Vprim (with option x 1/√ 3) if Vprim ≤ 2kV.
If Vprim > 2kV, Vtest = 2kV.
f: output frequency
Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to
5.2.3 "Automatic test vs. manual test" on page 139).
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5.2.2 Measurements
Vprim: actual output voltage at 2kV AC output that is injected into the voltage transformer’s
primary side
Vsec: secondary voltage measured at V1 AC, and its phase angle relative to Vprim nominal
Ratio: ratio Vprim /Vsec., here 10000.0/ √ 3:100.43/√ 31
and deviation of voltage ratio in %. Formula:
Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vsec manually, for example when
Vsec was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V1 AC.
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140 OMICRON
Voltage transformer
5.3 VTBurden
Use the VTBurden test card to measure a voltage transformer’s secondary burden with voltage injection
on the VT’s secondary side with up to 130V from AC OUTPUT.
► To do so, open the circuit as shown in Figure 5-4 and inject the AC voltage from the CPC 100’s
130V ACoutput into the burden.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Make sure that all primary VT terminals are connected to ground.
► Disconnect all burdens from the VT.
Input I AC measures the current that flows into the burden, and input V1 AC the voltage at the burden.
From these measurements, the burden (in VA) and the power factor cos ϕ are calculated.
A/H1
a/X1
Burden
VT
n/X2
N/H2
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Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Vsec: nominal secondary voltage with the option "value x 1/√ 3"
f: output frequency
Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to
5.3.3 "Automatic test vs. manual test" on page 143).
Vtest: secondary injection voltage from 130V AC output
Note: If a current clamp is used to measure Isec, select the corresponding check box on the test card,
and specify the current clamp device at the Options tab Device Setup.
Note: Due to cross-talk between the measuring inputs V1 AC and V2 AC, we suggest not to connect a
current clamp to the input V2 AC.
Therefore, use a current clamp with current output.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting the test
cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in the Options view
(see "Device Setup" on page 55) to set the test cards. For more information, see "Settings page" on
page 49.
5.3.2 Measurements
Vsec: actual voltage at the burden, measured at input V1 AC
Isec: actual current through burden, measured via input I AC
Burden: burden in VA: Vsec nom × (Isec act × Vsec nom/Vsec act)
cos ϕ cosinus of phase angle ϕ
Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Isec manually, for
example, when Isec was measured with a current clamp rather than at input I AC.
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Manual test
Clearing Auto lets you set the test voltage Vtest manually with the handwheel.
► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the test. The focus is set onto the "V test:" entry
field.
► Set the value of your choice either by turning the handwheel and/or by entering it with the numerical
keys.
► A value set with the numerical keys needs to be fully entered and acknowledged by pressing either
Enter or the handwheel before it is applied to the output. If needed, it can then be adjusted using the
handwheel.
Values set by turning the handwheel are applied instantaneously.
► Vsec is measured and displayed.
► To save the measurement press Keep Results.
► Navigate to the "I sec:" entry field
► Enter the measured Isec value either by turning the handwheel or by entering this value with the
numerical keys, and press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your setting.
► Now the burden is calculated and displayed.
► To stop the manual test, press the I/O (test start/stop). The test can now be assessed.
► Alternatively, it is possible to enter the manually measured value into the test card after the test was
stopped (for example, if the measurement was carried out at a remote location).
► To repeat the test, first press Back to Top, if applicable, and then Clear Results.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 9.1 "Test assessment" on page 262.
144 OMICRON
Voltage transformer
A/H1
a/X1
Burden
VT
n/X2
N/H2
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Note: For test settings and measurement see also chapter Current Transformer 4.6.1 "Test settings" on
page 104 and 4.6.2 "Measurements" on page 105.
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 9.1 "Test assessment" on page 262.
Note: Some test cards are available in more than one test mode. For example, the test card PolCheck
can be selected in CT and VT.
This is solely related to usability. With regard to functionality, the test card PolCheck is identical in all
test modes.
Use the PolCheck test card to check a series of test points for correct polarity.
To do so, the CPC 100 injects a special polarity test signal at a certain location. This signal can either
be a voltage or a current signal from the CPC 100, and has a signal characteristic similar to a saw-tooth
signal with a different steepness for the rising and the falling slope.
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The polarity check itself is then done with the CPOL2 accessory, a portable easy-to-use polarity checker.
A/H1 a/X1
S1 S1
2
OL
OL
CP
CP
S2 S2
N/H2 n/X2
CPC 100 injects a polarity checker polarity checker
special polarity check CPOL2 CPOL2
signal
If CPOL2 detects the same signal characteristic at a test point, it considers the polarity as
OK, and lights up the green LED.
If the signal characteristic is inverted or distorted, CPOL2 considers the polarity not OK, and
lights up the red LED.
+ If CPOL2 detects a signal that is too low, both LEDs light up at the same time. Remedy:
increase the signal magnitude.
► If you are not quite certain whether your measurement is correct, you can confirm it by reversing the
probes of the CPOL2. In that case, the other LED should light up.
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CPOL2 battery
+ If the capacity of the CPOL2’s battery level decreases to a certain level, both LED start
on/off flashing simultaneously. As long as the LED are flashing, the CPOL2’s battery provides
sufficient power to continue working. However, the battery should be changed as soon as
possible.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Handle with extreme caution: The measurement circuit may carry life-threatening
voltages. Only touch the measurement setup with the CPOL2 measurement tips and
comply with the instruction stated in the CPOL2 User Manual.
► If you detect a wrong polarity in the current path, turn off the CPC 100 first, and only
then disconnect the terminals.
► Never operate the CPOL2 with an open battery compartment. A life-hazardous voltage
level may occur in the battery compartment if the CPOL2’s probe touches a test point
with high-voltage potential.
148 OMICRON
Voltage transformer
Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Range: output range
Ampl.: maximum amplitude of polarity check output signal. Any value between the minimum
and maximum of the selected range is possible.
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Figure 5-9: Highlighting a test point changes the context-dependent menu keys
150 OMICRON
Voltage transformer
5.6 VTElectronics
Use the VTElectronics test card to test the ratio of non-conventional electronic voltage transformers
with a very low-level secondary voltage.
To carry out this test, disconnect the plug of the electronic transformer’s secondary side from the
protection relay, plug it into the CPC 100 V2 AC input, and inject voltage from the 2kV AC output to the
electronic transformer’s primary side.
electronic voltage transformer
A/H1 a/X1
Shielded cable with
twisted wires Electronic
protection relay
with low-voltage
input
N/H2
n/X2
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Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Vprim: nominal primary voltage with the option "value x 1/√ 3"
Vsec: nominal secondary voltage with the options
value x 1/√ 3
value x 1/3
Vtest: primary injection voltage.
By default, Vtest = Vprim (with option x 1/√ 3) if Vprim ≤ 2kV.
If Vprim > 2kV, Vtest = 2kV.
f: output frequency
Auto: select check box for automatic test (default), clear for manual test (refer to
5.6.3 "Automatic test vs. manual test" on page 154).
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Voltage transformer
5.6.2 Measurements
Vprim: actual output voltage at 2kV AC output that is injected into the electronic voltage
transformer’s primary side
Vsec: secondary voltage measured at V2AC, and its phase angle relative to Vprim nominal
Ratio: ratio Vprim /Vsec., here 10000.0/ √ 3:1.002/√ 3 1
and deviation of voltage ratio in %.
Selecting the check box Manual input lets you enter the value for Vsec manually, for
example, when Vsec was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V1 AC.
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Voltage transformer
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5.7 TanDelta - PF
The test card TanDelta - PFwas especially developed for the CP TD.
The CP TD (CP TD1, CP TD12 or CP TD15) is an optionally available high-precision test system for on-
site insulation tests of high-voltage systems like power and measuring transformers, circuit breakers,
capacitors and isolators. The CP TD works as an add-on device to the CPC 100 and is described in the
CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals on the Primary Test Manager DVD and the
CPC 100 Start Page.
The TanDelta - PF test card can be accessed from CT, VT, Transformer and Others.
156 OMICRON
Transformer
6 Transformer
Note: With regard to software handling, this section confines to test-relevant issues, and does not go
into detailed procedural descriptions.
It is assumed that you have read and understood the section 2.4 "How to use the CPC 100 software" on
page 39.
Note: We strongly advise you to carefully read the transformer-specific safety instructions at
1.6 "General" on page 18 before carrying out transformer tests.
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Prim/H Sec/X
N/H0 n1/X0
A/H1 a1/X1
B/H2 b1/X2
C/H3 c1/X3
Figure 6-1: Setup for testing a power transformer ratio: YNyn0 transformer, high-voltage and low-voltage
side star connection
158 OMICRON
Transformer
Prim/H Sec/X
N/H0
A/H1 a1/X1
B/H2 b1/X2
C/H3 c1/X3
Figure 6-2: Setup for testing a power transformer ratio: YNd5 transformer, high-voltage side star
connection, low-voltage side delta connection with a 5x30°=150° phase shift.
Table shows the Vprim and Vsec settings on the TRRatio test card for different connections of the
transformer under test.
Note: The test card TRRatio (per Tap) employs the method of frequency-selective measurement, which
is used to filter out interferences as they usually occur in substations.
To learn more about frequency-selective measurement, please refer to 3.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 76.
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Table 6-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections
V/H2 u/X1
A U-V / H1-H2 w-v / X3-X2 1
v/X2
B V-W / H2-H3 u-w / X1-X3
Dd2
U/H1 W/H3
w/X3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 v-w / X2-X3
160 OMICRON
Transformer
Table 6-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections
U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-v / X3-X2 √3/2
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dy3 B u-w / X1-X3
v/X2 (H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-u / X2-X1
(H1+H2)
U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-u / X3-X1 √3/2
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
w/X3 V-(U+W) / H2-
Dy5 B u-v / X1-X2
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-w / X2-X3
(H1+H2)
U/H1 W/H3
v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 u-n / X1-X0
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Table 6-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections
U-(V+W) /
A v-w / X2-X3 1*√3/2
V/H2 w/X3 H1-(H2+H3)
v/X2 V-(U+W) /
Dy9 B w-u / X3-X1
H2-(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 W-(U+V) /
C u-v / X1-X2
H3-(H1+H2)
U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-w / X1-X3 1*√3/2
V/H2 v/X2 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dy11 w/X3 B v-u / X2-X1
(H1+H3)
U/H1 u/X1
W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-v / X3-X2
(H1+H2)
U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-n / X1-X0 1.5
V/H2 v/X2 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn0 B v-n / X2-X0
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 w/X3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-n / X3-X0
(H1+H2)
162 OMICRON
Transformer
Table 6-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections
U-(V+W) / H1-
A n-v / X0-X2 1.5
V/H2 u/X1 v/X2 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn2 B n-w / X0-X3
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C n-u / X0-X1
(H1+H2)
U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-n / X3-X0 1.5
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn4 B u-n / X1-X0
(H1+H3)
w/X3 v/X2
U/H1 W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-n / X2-X0
(H1+H2)
U/H1 W/H3
w/X3 v/X2 C W-U / H3-H1 v-w / X2-X3
U-(V+W) / H1-
A n-u / X0-X1 1.5
V/H2 w/X3 u/X1 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn6 B n-v / X0-X2
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 W-(U+V) / H3-
C n-w/ X0-X3
(H1+H3)
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Table 6-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections
U-(V+W) / H1-
A n-w / X0-X3 1.5
V/H2 (H2+H3)
v/X2 w/X3
V-(U+W) / H2-
Dzn10 B n-u / X0-X1
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 W-(U+V) / H3-
C n-v / X0-X2
(H1+H2)
U/H1 W/H3
C W-U / H3-H1 w-v / X3-X2
u/X1
164 OMICRON
Transformer
Table 6-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections
U/H1 W/H3
w/X3 C W-U / H3-H1 n-u / X0-X1
U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-v / X1-X2 √3/2
V/H2 v/X2 (H2+H3)
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yz1 B v-w / X2-X3
u/X1 (H1+H3)
w/X3
U/H1 W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-u / X3-X1
(H1+H2)
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Table 6-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections
U-(V+W) / H1-
A v-u / X2-X1 1*√3/2
V/H2 w/X3 (H2+H3)
u/X1
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yz7 B w-v / X3-X2
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 W-(U+V) / H3-
C u-w / X1-X3
(H1+H2)
V/H2
v/X2 A U-V / H1-H2 u-n / X1-X0 √3
U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-w / X1-X3 1*√3/2
V/H2 v/X2 (H2+H3)
w/X3 V-(U+W) / H2-
Yz11 B v-u / X2-X1
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-v / X3-X2
(H1+H2)
166 OMICRON
Transformer
Table 6-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections
U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-v / X3-X2 √3/2
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
v/X2
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yd3 B u-w / X1-X3
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 w/X3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-u / X2-X1
(H1+H2)
U-(V+W) / H1-
A w-u / X3-X1 √3/2
V/H2 u/X1 (H2+H3)
w/X3
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yd5 B u-v / X1-X2
(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 v/X2 W-(U+V) / H3-
C v-w / X2-X3
(H1+H2)
U/H1 W/H3
v/X2 C W-N / H3-H0 u-w / X1-X3
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Table 6-1: TRRatio test card settings for different transformer winding connections
U-(V+W) /
A v-w / X2-X3 1*√3/2
V/H2 w/X3 H1-(H2+H3)
v/X2
V-(U+W) /
Yd9 B w-u / X3-X1
H2-(H1+H3)
U/H1 W/H3 u/X1 W-(U+V) /
C u-v / X1-X2
H3-(H1+H2)
U-(V+W) / H1-
A u-w / X1-X3 1*√3/2
V/H2 v/X2 (H2+H3)
w/X3
V-(U+W) / H2-
Yd11 B v-u / X2-X1
(H1+H3)
u/X1
U/H1 W/H3 W-(U+V) / H3-
C w-v / X3-X2
(H1+H2)
In the Transformer high-voltage side column, "+" means that the terminals need to be short circuited.
168 OMICRON
Transformer
Note: The Auto-tap mode is for use with the CP SB1 switch box. For detailed description on how to use
the test card in connection with the CP SB1, refer to the CP SB1 User Manual. If you use the CP SB1,
automatic testing of the measurements (A, B, C) over all tap changer positions is possible.
Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
Ratio table: Nominal ratios of all taps, calculated from Vprim nom / Vsec nom
Vtest: Nominal primary injection voltage
f: Output frequency
Operation Manual wiring. The Auto-tap mode is reserved for the CP SB1 only. The Wiring
mode: settings are only relevant if the CP SB1 is connected. Otherwise, they are for
information purposes. The wiring information can be displayed via the Wiring Info key.
Vector Selection depending on the settings
group:
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page of the TRRatio
test card has another functionality as on other test cards.
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The Settings page allows adding the transformer’s ratio per tap as follows. After pressing the Add Tap
menu key first, enter the Tap Number, Vprim and Vsec. Add the next tap by pressing the Add Tap menu
key and enter the corresponding Vprim and Vsec values. After then, pressing the Add Tap menu key
repeatedly adds more taps with a step calculated from the values of the preceeding taps. The tap entries
apply equally to all phases. After adding all taps, press the Main Page menu key to transfer the data to
the main page.
Use the Automatic Tap Fill function (see6.2.2 "Automatic Tap Fill" on page 171) to automatically fill in
the nominal ratio table of the TRRatio test card for symmetric tap changers.
Note: After the transformer’s ratio was specified on the Settings page, you can save the data by
pressing the Save As Default menu key . Then, for each new test card these tap values will be retained.
To set up the different measurements, use the A, B, and C keys to the right:
Note: The context-dependent keys to the right will only appear if the cursor is positioned in the result line.
170 OMICRON
Transformer
The total number of taps minus the middle positions defines the number of taps above and below the
middle position(s). To determine the voltage for each tap position, the nominal ratio of the middle
position(s) and the deviation percentage are needed and the HV tap changer check box needs to be
activated if applicable.
Measurements
The TRRatio test card displays the measurement results in two display fields and a table:
Iprim: Primary current from the 2kV AC output, measured by the CPC 100 internally.
If the focus is on the table, scrolling through the lines will change this display
accordingly, depending on the selected line.
The ° shows the phase angle of the primary current relative to Vprim nominal.
Tap (in table): Displays the transformer tap identifier and tap number for the measurements in the
respective line of the table.
Vprim: Actual voltage injected from the AC OUTPUT into the transformer’s high-voltage side
Vsec: Actual voltage measured at the V1 AC from the transformer’s low-voltage side.
The ° shows the phase angle of the secondary voltage relative to Vprim nominal.
Note: Even on transformers such as Yd5, only phase angles like 0° or 180° can be found
using a single-phase test set because a transformer can change the phase angle only
by "mixing" different phases.
Ratio: 1 Calculated ratio value from the measured values Vprim / Vsec
%: The % shows the deviation of the actual ratio from the nominal ratio in %.
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Figure 6-7: TRRatio test card with IEC 61378-1 check box
With the IEC 61378-1 check box activated, the CPC 100 carries out two standard-compliant
measurements for each winding and calculates the transformer’s turns ratio and phase shift. The
measurement table displays the same values as for the standard TRRatio measurement. The
magnetization current and phase angle will not be available in this mode.
Note: The IEC 61378-1 test takes longer than a standard ratio measurement.
172 OMICRON
Transformer
A/H1 a1/X1
B/H2 b1/X2
C/H3 c1/X3
Figure 6-8: Detailed measurement setup and wiring for TRRatio test according to IEC 61378-1
The IEC 61378-1 standard1 states that the turn ratio measurements shall be performed in the single
phase configuration, feeding, by a cyclic permutation, the HV phase (U, V, W) with the other two in short
circuit, against the respective LV phase (u, v, w). The following table applies:
Kb Kc Kb Kb Kb Kc
U - VW U - VW V - WU V - WU W - UV W - UV
u-v u-w v-w v-u w-u w-v
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The values Kb and Kc (the average of the three measurements) are used in the following formulas:
• For the voltage ratio:
Kb
ρ = -----------------------------------------
Kb 2 Kb
1 + ------ – ------
K c Kc
Note: The formulas above are independet of the transformer connections. Refer to the following
examples for details.
1U – 1V 1 3
K b = --------------------- = --- = ---
2u – 2v 2--- 2
3
1U – 1V
K c = --------------------- = --1- = 3
2u – 2w 1---
3
1
1.73 1 – ---
2
tan α = ---------------------------- = 0.577
1
1 + ---
2
α = 30°
Figure 6-9: Example of star-delta connection – vector group 1 (30° lag phase displacement)
174 OMICRON
Transformer
1U – 1V 1
K b = --------------------- = --- = 3
2u – 2v 1---
3
1U – 1V
K c = --------------------- = --1- = 3---
2u – 2w 2--- 2
3
1.73 ( 1 – 2 )
tan α = --------------------------- = – 0.577
1+2
α = – 30°
Figure 6-10: Example of star-delta connection – vector group 11 (30° lead phase displacement)
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1U – 1V 1
K b = --------------------- = --- = 1
2u – 2v 1
1U – 1V
K c = --------------------- = --1- = 7---
2u – 2w 6--- 6
7
1.73 ( 1 – 2 )
tan α = --------------------------- = 0.133
6
1 + ---
7
α = 7.5°
Table 6-2: Example of polygon-delta connection – vector group Pd0+7.5 (7.5° lag phase displacement)
176 OMICRON
Transformer
In order to obtain the phase displacement of 7.5°, the relation between the modules of the voltage vector
A and B is:
sin ( 60 – 7.5 )
A = -------------------------------- = 0.916
sin 120
sin 7.5
B = ---------------- = 0.151
sin 120
This leads to the following turn ratio between the windings A and B:
A
---- = 0.916
------------- = 6.5
B 0.151
A-
In Table we consider the turn ratio to be --- = 6 and, as a consequence, B = 1--- if A = 1 .
B 6
OMICRON electronics thanks the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for permission to
reproduce information from its International Standard IEC 61378-1 ed. 2.0 (2011). All such extracts are
copyright of IEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved. Further information on the IEC is available
from www.iec.ch. IEC has no responsibility for the placement and context in which the extracts and
contents are reproduced by the author, nor is IEC in any way responsible for the other content or
accuracy therein.
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DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
During the Vector Group Check, the CPC 100 continuously puts out the set test voltage.
► Do not touch the CPC 100’s outputs and do not touch or unplug any cables.
Test voltage
Test frequency
► Enter rated frequency
for correct results
The CPC 100 energizes the transformer’s primary windings and measures the voltages on the
secondary terminal. The optimized algorithm reduces the number of measurements. The vector group
is determined according to the voltage distributions. In cases where the measurement results apply
equally to two vector groups, an alternative group is provided.
178 OMICRON
Transformer
Prim/H Sec/X
A/H1 a1/X1
B/H2 b1/X2
C/H3 c1/X3
Figure 6-12: Detailed measurement setup and wiring for Vector Group Check
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DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.
180 OMICRON
Transformer
Prim/H Sec/X
N/H0 n1/X0
A/H1 a1/X1
B/H2 b1/X2
C/H3 c1/X3
CP SA1
Use the RWinding test card to measure the resistance of a power transformer’s winding. To do so, loop
the I DC current signal from the CPC 100 6A DC output via IAC/DC as shown in Figure 6-14 and inject
it into the transformer’s winding.
IAC/DC measures the injected current, and V DC input measures the voltage generated at the
transformer’s winding. From these values the winding resistance is calculated.
Alternatively, inject the current directly from the 400A DC output (see Figure 6-14).
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
It is recommended to perform all winding resistance measurements with the CP SA1
connected to the CPC 100 V DC input sockets to protect yourself and the CPC 100 from
high-voltage hazards.
► The CP SA1 must be used for measurements using the 400A DC output.
I
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Before using the CP SA1, you can check its functionality by following the test procedure in 15.5 "CP
SA1" on page 322. If the CP SA1 is defective, contact OMICRON.
A/H1 a1/X1
B/H2 b1/X2
C/H3 c1/X3
CP SA1
Due to the significant time span needed for the transformer’s inductance to finish its loading process,
this test evaluates the deviation of measured values within a time interval of 10 seconds. The winding
resistance is continually measured and stored in the CPC 100 internal memory. The calculated
difference between the maximum and minimum measured values in % within the last 10 seconds is
displayed.
Furthermore, this test comprises the option to take a temperature compensation for copper (Cu) and
Aluminum (Al) into consideration (refer to 4.5.3 "Temperature compensation" on page 102).
182 OMICRON
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Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
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6.4.2 Measurements
IDC: Actual test current from the 6A DC output or 400A DC output
VDC: Voltage that IDC generates at the transformer’s secondary winding, measured at the
V DC input
R meas: Transformer’s winding resistance, calculated from VDC / IDC
Time: Total elapsed test time
Dev: Deviation in % between the maximum and the minimum measured values evaluated
within the last 10 seconds of the measurement. The results are considered stable if
Dev < 0.1%.
Press the context-dependent Keep Result menu key to save the actual result in the
measurement table. This adds a new line to the measurement table and the next
measurement can be started.
184 OMICRON
Transformer
taps
OLTC
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WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
It is recommended to perform all winding resistance measurements with the CP SA1
connected to the CPC 100 V DC input sockets to protect yourself and the CPC 100 from
high-voltage hazards.
► The CP SA1 must be used for measurements using the 400A DC output.
► Before disconnecting the test leads, short-circuit the transformer’s terminals first and
then remove the wirings to the CPC 100.
Before using the CP SA1, you can check its functionality by following the test procedure in 15.5 "CP
SA1" on page 322. If the CP SA1 is defective, contact OMICRON sales office (for ordering information,
see 15.5.1 "Assembly instructions for Odu MINI-SNAP plug" on page 324).
A/H1 a1/X1
B/H2 b1/X2
C/H3 c1/X3
CP SA1
Figure 6-17: Setup for a tap changer test - winding resistance and interruption
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Before disconnecting the test leads, short-circuit and ground the transformer’s
terminals and then remove the wirings to the CPC 100.
186 OMICRON
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Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
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Pressing the Settings menu key or activating the Auto-tap operation mode (with connected
CP SB1 unit) will open the second page of the TRTapCheck test card.
6.5.2 Measurements
The TRTapCheck test card displays the measurement results in two display fields and a table:
IDC: Actual test current from the 6A DC output measured at the IAC/DC input or from the
400A DC output measured internally
VDC: Voltage measured at the 10V DC input
Tap (in Displays the transformer tap identifier and tap number for the measurements in the
table): respective line of the table.
Rmeas : Actual resistance, calculated from VDC / IDC
Dev. in %: Deviation in % between the maximum and the minimum measured values evaluated
within the settling time ( Δ t).
Rref : Temperature-corrected resistance value, that is, the resistance value at an actual
specimen temperature of Tref.
Ripple: Samples and holds the biggest measured current ripple that occurred in the measuring
cycle. It is indicated in % with reference to IDC.
Slope: Samples and holds the biggest measured steepness of the falling edge of the actual
test current that occurred in the measuring cycle.
188 OMICRON
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DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.
To perform a test:
1. Press the I/O (test start/stop) push button to start the test.
2. Press Keep Result to save the resistance value of this tap or press Auto Keep Result. In this case,
the CPC 100 waits until stable results within the set Tolerance and Δ t are achieved. After then, a
new result line is added showing the number of the next measured tap.
3. Move to the next position on the tap changer.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for all taps you want to measure.
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5. Press the I/O (test start/stop) push button to stop the test and wait until the transformer windings are
discharged.
For the winding resistance, the first 4 columns (Tap, Rmeas in Ω, Dev. in % and Rref in Ω ) of the
measurement table are relevant.
Figure 6-20: Measurement table - relevant columns for winding resistance measurement
For the tap changer test, the last 2 columns of the table are relevant.
Figure 6-21: Measurement table with results of tap changer and winding resistance test
190 OMICRON
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Winding material
Measurement temperature
Reference temperature
Figure 6-22: TRTapCheck test card with Tap Changer Cleaner Sequence
The currently sweeped tap and the remaining time are displayed during the sequence:
Note: You can only interrupt the Tap Changer Cleaner Sequence by pressing the Emergency Stop
button.
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DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.
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N/H0 n1/X0
A/H1 a1/X1
B/H2 b1/X2
C/H3 c1/X3
CP SA1
Figure 6-24: Detailed measurement setup and wiring for the Dynamic OLTC-Scan
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► In the test card, set the transformer’s wiring configuration, the number of taps, and the test current.
The tolerance can also be adjusted during the test.
Test current
Wiring configuration*
Tolerance of the R dev. during
saturation
Currently tested tap
Number of taps Measurement block:
Switching direction Dev. Current R dev. (Saturation)
I DC Test current
Cursor R ref. Reference resistance
Status icons
During the test, the following symbols may be displayed:
Marks the detection phase during which the tap changer has to be actuated. This is either done
automatically or manually.
Time-out: No switching operation has been detected during the Tap time. Only applicable when
auto-tap is activated.
Data corruption: A disturbance has been detected. This result is invalid.
Delete the corrupted data row and the subsequent rows and restart the test from the last valid
result.
Phase: Only results from the currently selected phase are displayed.
Tap number: Only results with the same tap number are displayed.
Parity: Only results from taps with even/odd numbers are displayed.
Direction: Only results from one direction of OLTC movement (up or down) are displayed.
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Test modes*:
current over time
Time required for switching
between two taps Used for the Tap Changer Cleaner
Sequence
Reference temperature
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Slope
Current
Ripple
Time
Figure 6-27: Tap changer switching cycle with curve illustrating the movement
196 OMICRON
Transformer
Prim/H Sec/X
N/H0 n1/X0
A/H1 a1/X1
B/H2 b1/X2
C/H3 c1/X3
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6.8 Demagnetization
Use the Demag test card to demagnetize the transformer core. Magnetized transformers may easily
saturate and draw an excessive inrush current upon energization. Since the forces on the windings due
to high inrush current may cause damage or even breakdown, it is desirable to avoid them.
The CPC 100 Demag process requires a CP SB1 transformer switch box. The wiring is the same as for
a standard resistance test plus a connection of the V1 input to the switch box.
Via the switch box, the CPC 100 injects a constant current from the 6A DC output into the power
transformer. The current is led through the I AC / DC input for measurement.
Before the actual Demag cycle, the CPC 100 will perform a wiring check. Incorrect wiring will prompt an
error message.
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The following figure shows the correct wiring for the Demag test.
Prim/H Sec/X
n1/X0
N/H0
A/H1 a1/X1
B/H2 b1/X2
C/H3 c1/X3
CP SA1
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.
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The test current should not exceed a value of between 10 and 15 percent of the transformer’s nominal
current.
Saturation threshold
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In the first step during the demagnetization process, the transformer core is saturated. This is visualized
in real time by the indicator in the center of the test card. The saturation process stops at predefined
thresholds. If a threshold is not reached over a long period of time, the saturation level can be adapted
manually. By pressing the Set current saturat. key, the present saturation level can be determined as
the new threshold.
Initial remanence
During the Demag cycle, the initial remanence is detected and the currently remaining remanence is
constantly displayed. After the test, the core is demagnetized.
The table below contains the various status messages:
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The relationship between the applied magnetic field strength (H), which is a function of the injected
current, and the induced magnetic flux density (B) is visualized by the hysteresis loop. It is generated by
measuring the magnetic flux of a ferromagnetic material while the magnetic field strength is changed.
Flux density (B)
a
b
Z
e
B and H are applied to saturate the core in the positive and negative direction. During the
demagnetization process, the remanence follows the line of the hysteresis loop. In the first two steps
(towards points a and b), the transformer core is saturated to reach a threshold close to 100 % (see "The
test current should not exceed a value of between 10 and 15 percent of the transformer’s nominal
current." on page 200). While b and e mark the remanent flux density, c and f designate the coercive
field strength.
The effect of the CPC 100 Demag test card is to reduce the remanence and achieve a value close to
zero (Z).
6.9 TanDelta - PF
The test card TanDelta - PF was especially developed for the CP TD.
The CP TD (CP TD1, CP TD12 or CP TD15) is an optionally available high-precision test system for on-
site insulation tests of high-voltage systems like power and measuring transformers, circuit breakers,
capacitors and isolators. The CP TD works as an add-on device to the CPC 100 and is described in the
CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals on the Primary Test Manager DVD and the
CPC 100 Start Page.
The TanDelta - PF test card can be accessed from CT, VT, Transformer and Others.
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7 Resistance
Note: With regard to software handling, this section confines to test-relevant issues, and does not go
into detailed procedural descriptions.
It is assumed that you have read and understood the section 2.4 "How to use the CPC 100 software" on
page 39
Highlight the test card of your choice either by navigating with the handwheel or by using the context-
dependent Up/Down menu keys, and press Enter.
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400A DC
6A DC
V DC (2 wire)
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Inject current from the 400A DCoutput to both sides of the test object. Input V DC measures the voltage
drop at the test object, the current is measured internally by the CPC 100, and from these values the
software calculates the test object’s resistance.
Inject current from the 6A DC output to both sides of the test object. To measure this current, route it via
the IAC/DC input as shown in Figure 7-3. Input V DC measures the voltage drop at the test object, and
from these values the software calculates the test object’s resistance.
Figure 7-4: Setup for a Ω ...kΩ measurement in the VDC (2 wire) range
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At this range, the DC input V DC works as a combination of DC output and DC measuring input, that is,
it injects current to both sides of the test object, measures this current internally, and also measures the
voltage drop at the test object at the same time. The software calculates the test object’s resistance.
Figure 7-5: Resistance test card in 400A DC range with test results.
Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
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7.2.2 Measurements
IDC: actual test current that is injected into the test object
VDC: measured voltage drop at the test object
R: calculated resistance of test object, R = VDC / IDC
Selecting the check box "Manual input" lets you enter the value for VDC manually, for example, when
VDC was measured with an external volt meter rather than at input V DC.
Note: "Manual Input" cannot be selected at the range VDC (2 wire).
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DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Injecting direct current into test objects with inductive characteristics will charge the
winding of the test object.
► Follow instructions below.
► Refer to chapter 1.10 "DC output to test objects with a high inductance" on page 22.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never open the measuring circuit while current flows.
► After a measurement, wait until the test device has discharged completely.
► Ground all terminals of the test object before touching the test setup.
► Short-circuit the terminals before disconnecting the test leads.
► Disconnect cables not used for testing both from the test object and the test device.
Use the RWinding test card to measure the resistance of a test object’s secondary winding.
To do so, open the circuit, loop the I DC current signal from the CPC 100 6A DC output via IAC/DC or
directly from the 400A DC output, and inject it into the winding of a test object.
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
It is recommended to perform all winding resistance measurements with the CP SA1
connected to the CPC 100 V DC input sockets to protect yourself and the CPC 100 from
high-voltage hazards.
► The CP SA1 must be used for measurements using the 400A DC output.
► Before disconnecting the test leads, short-circuit the test object’s terminals first and
then remove the wirings to the CPC 100.
Before using the CP SA1, you can check its functionality by following the test procedure in 15.5 "CP
SA1" on page 322. If the CP SA1 is defective, contact OMICRON sales office (for ordering information,
see 15.5.1 "Assembly instructions for Odu MINI-SNAP plug" on page 324).
IAC/DC measures the injected current if the 6A DC output is used. The 400A DC output is measured
internally. The V DC input measures the voltage that IDC generates at the test object’s secondary
winding; from these values the winding resistance is calculated.
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Due to the significant time span needed for the transformer’s inductance to finish its loading process,
this test evaluates the deviation of measured values within a time interval of 10 seconds. The winding
resistance is continually measured and stored in the CPC 100 internal memory. The calculated
difference between the maximum and minimum measured values in % within the last 10 seconds is
displayed.
Furthermore this test comprises the option to take a temperature compensation for copper (Cu) and
Aluminum (Al) into consideration (refer to chapter 4.5.3 on page 102).
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Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
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7.3.2 Measurements
IDC: actual test current from the 6A DC output
VDC: voltage that IDC generates at the transformer’s secondary winding, measured at V DC
input
R meas: transformer’s winding resistance, calculated from VDC / IDC
Time: total elapsed test time
Dev: deviation in % between the maximum and the minimum measured values evaluated
within the last 10 seconds of the measurement. The results are considered stable if
Dev < 0.1%.
Press the context-dependent Keep Result menu key to save the actual result in the
measurement table. This adds a new line to the measurement table and the next
measurement can be started.
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7.4 RGround
A good substation grounding system is crucial to protect people from injury and damage of equipment.
International standards such as DIN VDE 0101/CENELEC HD637S1, IEEE Std 80-2000 or IEEE Std
81-1983 give guidelines how to measure such impedances.
Smaller grounding systems with a diameter of 100 m (300 ft) or smaller can be tested with the RGround
test card and the CPC 100 alone, for large systems the CP CU1 coupling unit and the Sequencer test
card is a better choice. Note that no other grounding system must be close by.
The current-voltage method as called in CENELEC HD637S1 or fall of potential method as called in
IEEE standards is a good solution to measure the ground impedance of a substation. The current is fed
via a long cable into a remote ground. This ground can be any ground from a simple test probe to another
large grounding system. The distance between this probe and the grounding system under test shall be
at least 10 times the diameter of the grounding system, 15 to 20 times is better. Then measure the
voltages with a second test probe at various distances around the substation. If possible, choose the
measurement points in a 90º angle (bird’s-eye view) relative to the current path. In any case, avoid
measuring close (< 60º) to the current path.
Measurement data at a large distance (typically three times the length of the substation) from the
substation allow the calculation of the overall substation ground impedance Zground as defined in
VDE 0101. Measurements at different distances are recommended. The measurement points should all
show similar results. If the points are set too close to the substation or close to other grounding systems
or over buried pipes, the results obtained are not stable.
Earth resistance mΩ
600
500
300
200
100
Distance
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
In case of a high-current ground fault within the substation during the test, considerably
high voltages could arise in any wire connected to the substation and leading away from
it.
► Do not touch the test probe without insulating gloves outside of the substation area.
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Auxiliary
ΔU electrode U Auxiliary
3 ... 5 x a electrode
90º I
(Bird’s-eye view)
10 m
≈ 10 x a
Substation ground
a = size of the earthing system
90°
a
WARNING
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current possible
The "Auxiliary electrode I" carries life threatening voltages during the test. Also the step
voltage around the electrode can be quite high.
► Mark an area of 10 m (30 ft) around the electrode as dangerous zone and position a
guard outside this area to keep people from entering the dangerous zone.
► If the desired current cannot be reached or an overload occurs, the contact resistance
of the "Auxiliary electrode I" to the soil might be too high. Place several electrodes in a
distance of a few meters and connect them all together to keep the resistance to the
soil low. This also reduces the hazard due to high voltages around the electrode.
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d d d
d/20
d = distance
ρ=2πdR
Legend:
ρ = soil resistivity
d = distance between auxiliary electrodes (identical between all electrodes)
R = calculated resistance as indicated at the RGround test card (R(f))
With the spacing of "d", the test measures the average soil resistivity between the U auxiliary electrodes
down to a depth of "d". Therefore, varying "d" also varies the depth of the volume for which the soil
resistivity is to be measured.
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The following table lists typical resistivity of some common soil types.
Substation ground
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In an earthing system with several grounding rods it may be of interest to measure the resistance of a
single rod. To do so, disconnect the rod to be measured from the earthing system, and feed current
through the rod into the grounding system (as shown in Figure 7-10 above for rod 2). The voltage is
measured directly at the current supply points.
Note: The resistance measured is only an approximation of the actual grounding resistance because the
parallel resistance of all other ground rods is measured, too. If one electrode is too close by the
measured electrode, values by far too small could be measured.
Navigate to the parameter fields, and enter the values according to your test requirements:
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7.4.2 Measurements
IRMS: actual test current (rms value)
VRMS: measured voltage between substation ground and the auxiliary electrode U (rms
value).
This measurement represents a broad band measurement, that is, it detects all
frequencies, for example, the 50 or 60 Hz mains frequency. That way, possible
dangerous voltage levels between the U auxiliary electrode and the substation ground
are indicated.
Phase shift between VRMS and IRMS.
R(f): calculated ohmic part of earth impedance (narrow-band measurement)
X(f): calculated inductive part of earth impedance (narrow-band measurement)
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Others
8 Others
Note: With regard to software handling, this section confines to test-relevant issues, and does not go
into detailed procedural descriptions.
It is assumed that you have read and understood the section 2.4 "How to use the CPC 100 software" on
page 39.
Highlight the test card of your choice either by navigating with the handwheel or by using the context-
dependent Up/Down menu keys, and press Enter.
Note: The test cards
• Sequencer
• Ramping
• SV-Ratio
employ the method of frequency-selective measurement, which is used to filter out interferences as they
usually occur in substations.
To learn more about frequency-selective measurement, please refer to 3.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 76
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8.2 Sequencer
Use the Sequencer test card to define a sequence of states to be applied to a connected test object.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Together with the test object’s capacitance, the leakage inductance of the CPC 100’s
internal output transformer forms a series resonant circuit. Especially at
frequencies > 50 / 60 Hz this may result in voltage superelevation.
► When testing capacitive test objects using voltages ≥ 500 V, make sure that the test
object’s capacitance does not exceed 25 nF.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Sequencer in combination with a DC output on test objects with highly
capacitive characteristics.
► Mind the danger of test object’s charged capacitance. Before connecting or
disconnecting any leads, use a grounding/discharging rod
► to discharge all terminals of the test object.
► to connect all terminals of the test object to ground and short-circuit all
capacitances.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Sequencer to measure the resistance of windings with highly inductive
characteristics. Turning off the DC source results in life-threatening voltage levels.
► For this kind of measurement only use the special winding resistance test cards
RWinding, TRTapCheck or OLTC-Scan.
A state represents an output quantity with defined settings, for example, a certain magnitude and
frequency, for a preset period of time.
A sequence of up to 7 states can be defined. The states within that sequence execute sequentially. For
each state, a trigger signal can be specified to prematurely terminate this state and execute the next one.
A sequence of states can either be executed once from state 1 to state x, or repeated continuously.
Furthermore, the complete sequence can prematurely be terminated if during the execution of one of its
states this state’s specified trigger condition occurs.
The test object’s characteristic is measured, and the values are displayed in the measurement table.
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Others
Measurement table
• definition of displayed quantities
• display of the measured values
To learn more about test assessment, refer to 9.1 "Test assessment" on page 262.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 55) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 49.
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1 4
2 3
1 From the range combo box select the CPC 100 output range of your choice.
2 Click the "Sync w/ V1AC" icon to enable or disable this feature.
Enabling "Sync w/ V1AC" synchronizes the CPC 100 output frequency with the V1 AC input
frequency (we recommend a minimum input voltage of 10 V on V1 AC, possible range
48 - 62 Hz). In that case, the phase angle of the output is displayed in the states table rather
than the frequency. Set the phase angle value relative to the phase angle of the V1 AC input
signal (also refer to "Sync w/ V1AC" on page 78).
After the start of a sequence the output needs up to 200 ms to synchronize with V1 AC.
Therefore, define a first state with an amplitude other than zero.
If disabled, the states table displays the actual frequency value in Hz to be edited.
3 "SOOT" (switch off on trigger) check box selected:
• The complete sequence is prematurely terminated if during the execution of one of its states
this state’s specified trigger condition (to be set at "Trigger") occurs.
"SOOT" check box cleared:
The sequence is not terminated by an occurring state trigger. Such a trigger signal will only
terminate this particular state, and continue executing the next state.
4 "Repeat" check box selected:
• A sequence of states is executed from state 1 to state x, and then restarts with executing state
1 again. If "SOOT" is additionally selected, the complete sequence is prematurely terminated
if during the execution of one of its states this state’s specified trigger condition occurs.
"Repeat" check box cleared:
A sequence of states is executed from state 1 to state x, and then stops. If "SOOT" is additionally
selected, the complete sequence is prematurely terminated if during the execution of one of its
states this state’s specified trigger condition occurs.
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► Next set the state(s) parameters,that is, the parameters that apply to this particular state only. Each
line of the states table represents one state.
continued
5 6 7 8 9
5 Turn the handwheel to set the focus onto the states table’s first cell; in Figure 8-4 above it
is the output current. Then press the handwheel. The cell turns into an entry field. Now set
the output current value of your choice by turning the handwheel, or use the number keys
of the CPC 100 soft-touch keyboard. Press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge your
setting and move to the next table cell by turning the handwheel.
Note that the units of the states table (the table’s columns) depend on the selected output
range.
On applications with overload it is recommended not to use currents above 600 A without
a current booster.
6 Frequency of the output signal.
If "Sync w/ V1AC" was selected (also refer to 2 ), the table column displays the phase
angle of the output rather than the frequency. Set the phase angle value relative to the
phase angle of the V1 AC input signal.
7 For each state, a trigger signal can be specified to prematurely terminate this state and
execute the next one. If you move to the "Trigger" cell and press the handwheel, the cell
turns into a combo box.
The following trigger conditions are available for each state:
• No Trigger: the state runs for the pre-defined period of time, no trigger signal will
terminate this state.
• Binary: a trigger signal is fed into the Binary trigger input Bin In. The state is terminated
as soon as this signal occurs.
• IOut>: as soon as the output current exceeds a certain threshold value (to define in
column "Thresh"), the state is terminated.
• IOut<: as soon as the output current falls below a certain threshold value (to define in
column "Thresh"), the state is terminated.
• V2 AC >: as soon as the signal connected to the low level voltage measuring input
V2 AC (0...3V AC) exceeds a certain threshold value (to define in column "Thresh"), the
state is terminated.
• V2 AC <: as soon as the signal connected to the low level voltage measuring input
V2 AC (0...3V AC) falls below a certain threshold value (to define in column "Thresh"),
the state is terminated.
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7 • The availability of the trigger signals depends on the selected values set at 10 and 11
of the measurement table (refer to Figure 8-5).
Note: Since the determination of the r.m.s. value requires some hundred milliseconds
(τ ≈ 150 ms), do not use this trigger condition for measurements in millisecond ranges.
• Overload: the state terminates as soon as an Overload condition occurs at the selected
output.
What is an "Overload" trigger?
– At the 800A AC output, an overload trigger is a condition in which the set current
cannot be reached any longer, for example, because of an opening contact or circuit
breaker.
Note: Current values < 50 A do not initiate an "Overload" when the current circuit
opens. Therefore, if you use the trigger condition "Overload", chose a nominal current
value of ≥ 50 A.
8 Trigger threshold.
9 State duration. After this period of time the state terminates and the sequence continues
with the next state (if any). If a trigger signal occurs before this time has elapsed, the
currently running state terminates and the sequence continues with the next state. If
"SOOT" is selected, the trigger signal terminates the complete sequence.
The default state duration time is 2 s.
A current state has a minimal time of 250 ms if the "Repeat" check box is cleared.
Note: Do not set the state duration shorter than 500 ms if the "Repeat" check box is
selected.
A voltage state has a minimal time of 2 s.
Setting a time of 0.000 s makes the state infinite. Only a trigger signal will terminate it.
Press the Add State button, and repeat steps 5 to 9 to define additional states. Note that
the maximum possible number of states is 7.
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10 11 12
Figure 8-5: Step 3 - Specify the values that the measurement table will show
10 m1: Turn the handwheel to set the focus onto the measurement table’s first combo box. Press
the handwheel to display the available quantities to measure, and select the one of your choice.
11 m2: Repeat this step at the combo box for the second quantity to measure.
Possible choices of each combo box:
• V1 AC • I Clamp
1
• V1 AC sel • I Clamp sel
• V2 AC • CT
• V2 AC sel • CT sel
• VT • V DC
• VT sel • I DC
• I AC • f V1 AC
• I AC sel • f Out
1. sel = frequency-selective. To learn more about frequency-selective measurements, refer to 3.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 76.
Each combo box has two corresponding cells in the measurement table
below that display the measured quantities, where possible; otherwise
"n/a" is displayed.
12 Calculated value
In this combo box you determine whether the measurement table displays trigger signal
characteristic / elapsed state time until trigger signal occurrence, ratio and phase angle
difference, impedance Z or resistance R, real power P, apparent power S or the power factor
cos ϕ.
Depending on the selected measured quantities, both the items to select from in this combo
box and the corresponding display at the measurement table below will differ accordingly.
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Come:
trigger signal with rising edge occurred at Bin In.
Go:
trigger signal with falling edge occurred at Bin In
V V Ratio:1, Ratio:5, Diff:
Ratio m1/m2 and phase angle ϕ m1 - ϕ m2 (if phase angles are available; otherwise
"n/a"), and differences ΔU and ΔϕU.
I I Ratio:1, Ratio:5, Diff:
Ratio m1/m2 and phase angle ϕ m1 - ϕ m2 (if phase angles are available; otherwise
"n/a"), and differences ΔI and ΔϕI.
V I For AC: Z or R, X
Impedance Z (magnitude in Ω and phase angle ϕ in °) or R and X in Ω.
For DC: R
Resistance R (in Ω)
else "n/a"
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► Press the I/O (test start/stop) push-button to start the output of the sequence of states (or the single
state, if only one was defined).
In the states table, the first state is highlighted and its values are output. The measurement table displays
the measured values, and updates them as well as the indication of the binary input’s signal status with
an interval of approx. 0.5 s.
At the end of each state - either after the state time has elapsed at the transition to the next state, or at
the occurrence of the state’s trigger signal - the values in the measurement table are once more updated.
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P1/H1
S1/X1 I>
OFF ON
S2/X2
P2/H2
ON
OFF
Figure 8-6: Setup for testing an overcurrent relay with autoreclosure function
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Figure 8-7: Sequencer test card with parameters and measurements of the four states
1 Current values < 50A do not initiate an "Overload" when the current circuit opens. For this reason, a nominal current value of
50A was chosen here, even though the CB is open.
Note: For debouncing purposes, at CB closing time measurements, the CPC 100 adds a fixed time of
100 ms to the measured value. In order to determine the true CB closing time value, these 100 ms need
to be deducted from the value displayed in the measurement table.
CB opens again
100 ms 100 ms
t
state 1 state 2 *) state 3 state 4 *)
short dead time long dead time
*)State 2 and 4 incl. the additional 100 ms the CPC 100 adds to compensate for the debounce (see note above).
Figure 8-8: Time sequence of the four states to test the autoreclosure cycle
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P1/H1
S1/X1
Burden
CT
P2/H2 S2/X2
Figure 8-9: Setup to measure the ratio of a current transformer at different current magnitudes
Each of the five states injects a current with a different magnitude into the CT’s primary winding. There
is no trigger specified, so each state runs exactly 2 s.
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Since the "Repeat" check box is cleared, the sequence of five states executes exactly one time and then
terminates.
Figure 8-10: Sequencer test card with parameters and measurements of the five states (states 2...5
shown)
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Figure 8-11: Sequencer test card with two states for an intermittent high-current output
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Figure 8-12: Time sequence of the repeating two states to output an intermittent high current
The lower the averaged value of the output current I rms over the time the longer the CPC 100 can be
operated in that mode. This value is calculated with the following formula:
t on 3s
I rms = I test x = 600A x = 268.3A
(t on + t off) (3s + 12s)
t on
I test
t off
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8.3 Ramping
Use the Ramping test card to define a series of ramps to be applied to a connected test object.
Figure 8-13: A typical ramp characteristic: Δ q / Δt, a linear change of either amplitude or frequency of
one specified output signal within a defined period of time.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
Together with the test object’s capacitance, the leakage inductance of the CPC 100’s
internal output transformer forms a series resonant circuit. Especially at
frequencies > 50 / 60 Hz this may result in voltage superelevation.
► When testing capacitive test objects using voltages ≥ 500 V, make sure that the test
object’s capacitance does not exceed 25 nF.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Ramping in combination with a DC output on test objects with highly
capacitive characteristics.
► Mind the danger of test object’s charged capacitance. Before connecting or
disconnecting any leads, use a grounding/discharging rod
► to discharge all terminals of the test object.
► to connect all terminals of the test object to ground and short-circuit all
capacitances.
DANGER
Death or severe injury caused by high voltage or current
► Never use Ramping to measure the resistance of windings with highly inductive
characteristics. Turning off the DC source results in life-threatening voltage levels.
► For this kind of measurement only use the special winding resistance test cards
RWinding, TRTapCheck or OLTC-Scan.
A series of up to 5 ramps can be defined. The ramps within that series execute sequentially, and run
from a start to an end value within a set period of time.
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Measurement table
• definition of displayed quantities
• display of the measured values To learn more about test assessment, refer to 9.1 "Test assessment" on page 262.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 55) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 49.
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1 2 5
3 4 6
Figure 8-15: Step 1 - Set the series parameters
1 From the range combo box select the CPC 100 output range of your choice.
2 During the output of a ramp, this field displays the currently output value of the signal’s quantity
selected at 3 .
3 From the combo box, select the output signal’s quantity to be ramped: "Amplitude" or
"Frequency".
4 Enter the value of the output signal’s fixed quantity.
If at 3 "Amplitude" was selected as quantity to be ramped, enter the output signal’s fixed
frequency value here. Otherwise, if "Frequency" was selected, enter the output signal’s fixed
amplitude value.
5 "SOOT" (switch off on trigger) check box selected:
• The entire series of ramps is prematurely terminated if during the execution of one of its ramps
this ramp’s specified trigger condition (to be set at "Trigger") occurs.
"SOOT" check box cleared:
• The series of ramps is not terminated by an occurring ramp trigger. Such a trigger signal will
only terminate this particular ramp, and continue executing the next ramp.
6 Enter the ramp’s start value here. If a series contains more than one ramp, this is the start value
of the first ramp of that series. The second ramp starts with the end value of the first one, and so
on (refer to ”Example of a series of ramps” on page 239 of this chapter).
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Next, set the ramp(s) parameters, that is, the parameters that apply to this particular ramp only. Each
line of the ramps table represents one ramp.
7
8 9 10
7 Turn the handwheel to set the focus onto the ramps table’s first cell; in Figure 8-16 above
it is the output current. Then press the handwheel. The cell turns into an entry field. Now
set the output current value of your choice by turning the handwheel, or use the number
keys of the CPC 100 soft-touch keyboard. Press Enter or the handwheel to acknowledge
your setting and move to the next table cell by turning the handwheel.
Note that the units of the ramps table (the table’s columns) depend on the selected output
range.
8 Duration of ramp, that is, the time this particular ramp sweeps the selected signal from the
start to the end value.
After this period of time the ramp terminates and the series continues with the next ramp
(if any).
If a trigger signal occurs before this time has elapsed, the currently running ramp
terminates and the series continues with the next ramp. If "SOOT" is selected, the trigger
signal terminates the complete series of ramps.
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9 For each ramp, a trigger signal can be specified to prematurely terminate this ramp and
execute the next one. If you move to the "Trigger" cell and press the handwheel, the cell
turns into a combo box.
The following trigger conditions are available for each ramp:
• No Trigger: the ramp sweeps the selected signal from the start to the end value within
the pre-defined period of time, no trigger signal will terminate this ramp.
• Binary: a trigger signal is fed into the Binary trigger input Bin In. The ramp is terminated
as soon as this signal occurs.
• IOut>: as soon as the output current exceeds a certain threshold value (to define in
column "Thresh"), the ramp is terminated.
• IOut<: as soon as the output current falls below a certain threshold value (to define in
column "Thresh"), the ramp is terminated.
• V2 AC >: as soon as the signal connected to the low level voltage measuring input
V2 AC (0...3V AC) exceeds a certain threshold value (to define in column "Thresh"),
the ramp is terminated.
• V2 AC <: as soon as the signal connected to the low level voltage measuring input
V2 AC (0...3V AC) falls below a certain threshold value (to define in column "Thresh"),
the ramp is terminated.
The availability of the trigger signals depends on the selected values set at 11 and
12 of the measurement table (refer to Figure 8-18).
Note: Since the determination of the r.m.s. value requires some hundred milliseconds
(τ ≈ 150 ms), do not use this trigger condition for measurements in millisecond ranges.
• Overload: the ramp terminates as soon as an Overload condition occurs at the selected
output.
What is an "Overload" trigger?
– At the 800A AC output, an overload trigger is a condition in which the set current
cannot be reached any longer, for example, because of an opening contact or circuit
breaker.
– Current values < 50 A do not initiate an "Overload" when the current circuit opens.
Therefore, if you use the trigger condition "Overload", chose a nominal current value
of ≥ 50 A.
Ramping differentiates two "Overload" trigger conditions:
– the occurrence of an overload (as described above)
– the clearing of an overload condition.
Note: Clearing of an overload condition means: the CB closes again. For debouncing
purposes, at CB closing time measurements, the CPC 100 adds a fixed time of 100 ms
to the measured value. In order to determine the true CB closing time value, these
100 ms need to be deducted from the value displayed in the measurement table (refer
to the following example).
– The feature Manual Trigger provides a possibility to manually initiate a trigger
signal (that is, a premature termination) of the current ramp at any time. This manual
trigger has the same function as an automatic trigger signal.
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10 Trigger threshold.
Press the Add Ramp button, and repeat steps 7 to 10 to define additional ramps. Note that
the maximum possible number of ramps is 5.
Ramp 1
Ramp 2
Ramp 3
The three ramps defined in the ramps table shown above result in an output signal like this:
I
Ramp 2
200A
1
Ra
mp
mp
Ra
1A t
0s 5s 15s 20s
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11 12 13
Figure 8-18: Step 3 - Specify the values that the measurement table will eventually show
11 m1: Turn the handwheel to set the focus onto the measurement table’s first combo box. Press
the handwheel to display the available quantities to measure, and select the one of your choice.
12 m2: Repeat this step at the combo box for the second quantity to measure.
Possible choices of each combo box:
• V1 AC • I Clamp
1
• V1 AC sel • I Clamp sel
• V2 AC • CT
• V2 AC sel • CT sel
• VT • V DC
• VT sel • I DC
• I AC • f V1 AC
• I AC sel • f Out
1. sel = frequency-selective. To learn more about frequency-selective measurements, refer to 3.2.1 "The frequency-selective
measurement" on page 76.
Each combo box has two corresponding cells in the measurement table below
that display the measured quantities, where possible; otherwise "n/a" is
displayed.
13 Calculated value
In this combo box you determine whether the measurement table displays trigger signal
characteristic / elapsed ramp time until trigger signal occurrence, ratio and phase angle
difference, impedance Z or resistance R, real power P, apparent power S or the power factor cos
ϕ.
Depending on the selected measured quantities, both the items to select from in this combo box
and the corresponding display at the measurement table below will differ accordingly.
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Come:
trigger signal with rising edge occurred at BinIn.
Go:
trigger signal with falling edge occurred at BinIn
V V Ratio:1, Ratio:5, Diff:
Ratio m1/m2 and phase angle ϕ m1 - ϕ m2 (if phase angles are available; otherwise
"n/a"), and differences ΔU and ΔϕU.
I I Ratio:1, Ratio:5, Diff:
Ratio m1/m2 and phase angle ϕ m1 - ϕ m2 (if phase angles are available; otherwise
"n/a"), and differences ΔI and ΔϕI.
V I For AC: Z or R, X
Impedance Z (magnitude in Ω and phase angle ϕ in °) or R and X in Ω.
For DC: R
Resistance R (in Ω)
otherwise "n/a"
V I For AC: P, Q, S
Real power P (in W) and cos ϕ, apparent power S (in VA) and cos ϕ , reactive power Q (in
var) and cos ϕ.
For DC: P
Real power P (in W)
otherwise "n/a"
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P1/H1
I>
S1/X1
S2/X2
P2/H2
Figure 8-19: Setup for testing the pick up and drop off values of an Overcurrent relay
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The CPC 100 AC OUTPUT feeds the ramped current signal into a CT, which is connected to an
overcurrent relay. The overcurrent relay’s trip contact is fed into the CPC 100 binary input Bin In, and
acts there as a trigger signal (as described on page 238 of this chapter).
Ramp 1:
Set to output a ramped current signal
from 100.0 A to either 200.0 A in
10 s, or until the trigger condition
"Binary" occurs.
Here, trigger condition "Binary"
means: the relay contact picks up. In
this moment, ramp 1 terminates and
the series continues with ramp 2.
The measurement table shows for
ramp 1 that the relay contact picked
up after 7.175 s at a current value of
170.29 A.
Ramp 3:
Ramp 2: Because ramp 1 did not reach the 200 A due to the trigger signal, ramp 3 starts with
Pause time. Test current is output 170.29 A, and then ramps down to zero with the set steepness (200.0 A to 0.0 A in
for 1 s. 10 s) until the trigger condition "Binary" occurs.
Here, trigger condition "Binary" means: the relay contact drops off. Since there are
no further ramps defined, in this moment the sequence terminates.
The measurement table shows for ramp 3 that the relay contact dropped off 1.1 s
after ramp 3 started at a current value of 152.35 A.
Figure 8-20: Ramping test card with parameters and measurement values of the three ramps
200A ramp 3
pick up
170.29A initially defined ramp
152.35A
drop off
p1
ram
100A
t
0A 1s
Figure 8-21: Time sequence of the three ramps to determine the pick up and drop off values of an
Overcurrent relay
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8.4 Amplifier
Use the Amplifier test card to set the CPC 100 to an "amplifier-like" mode. In this mode, an input signal
fed into a synchronization input drives the high-current output’s magnitude, frequency and phase angle.
Select between I AC, V1 AC and V2 AC as synchronization inputs.
To prevent saturation, the output signal follows sudden magnitude changes at the synchronization input
slowly. This smoothening effect delays the follow-up of the output current up to 250 ms.
Both the "amplification" factor and the phase angle between input and output are set by the user in the
Amplifier test card.
Note: Changes in frequency and phase angle may result in unwanted effects. Both frequency and phase
must be held stable.
Note: The input frequency is limited to a range of 48 ... 62 Hz.
Set phase
angle between input and output
signal
Set the amplification factor to determine the ratio between the input and the output signal.
Note: The synchronization input is not automatically range-switching, it is fixed to its maximum value.
Pressing the Settings menu key opens the Settings page. The Settings page allows setting
the test cards individually. As a rule, do not use the Settings page but the Device Setup tab in
the Options view (see "Device Setup" on page 55) to set the test cards. For more information,
see "Settings page" on page 49.
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Ethernet
800 A AC
800 A AC
800 A AC
CPC 100 for phase 1 CPC 100 for phase 2 CPC 100 for phase 3
CT 1 CT 2 CT 3 Protection
relay
Figure 8-23: Setup of a GPS-synchronized 3-phase system for end-to-end testing using a CMGPS 588
synchronization unit, a CMC 256-3 and three CPC 100
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Figure 8-24: Settings of Amplifier test card for this example use case
8.5 Comment
The Comment card is inserted to a test procedure in the same manner like a test card. Its purpose is to
hold a user-defined comment and/or note regarding the actual test procedure or other important
information such as operational data of a transformer, for example.
►Insert a Comment card to the actual test procedure by pressing Insert Card. If required, you
can insert more than one Comment cards.
►Press the context-dependent menu key Edit to start the String Editor.
When used for the Comment card, the String Editor differentiates between the input modes "Form
Editor" and "Text Editor".
After pressing Edit, "Text Editor" is active. With the exception of the context-sensitive key to switch
between these two modes, the user interface is identical.
To create "flowing" text with no tabs in it, either input mode can be used. Compose a text of your choice
by selecting the individual characters and symbols needed one by one and confirm them by pressing the
handwheel. When finished, acknowledge with OK.
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Enter the first word "Substation" and then a tab. Proceed with "Buers" and a carriage return. Proceed
accordingly:
Sub. Buers ↵
Trans. TR24 ↵
Manuf. Siemens ↵
Type a.s.o.
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8.6 TanDelta - PF
The test card TanDelta - PFwas especially developed for the CP TD.
The CP TD (CP TD1, CP TD12 or CP TD15) is an optionally available high-precision test system for on-
site insulation tests of high-voltage systems like power and measuring transformers, circuit breakers,
capacitors and isolators. The CP TD works as an add-on device to the CPC 100 and is described in the
CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals on the Primary Test Manager DVD and the
CPC 100 Start Page.
The TanDelta - PF test card can be accessed from CT, VT, Transformer and Others.
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Main page
Define automatic test cycle Set maximum voltage
Set test voltage
Show wiring configuration (test
setup)*
Activate search of resonance
frequency
Set test frequency Activate the test to determine
the test capacitance
Activate
configuration of test setup with the
CP CR
Show the sequence number (only in Measured Watt losses of the test setup (test object and inductors)
automatic mode) output
voltage
Phase angle between output voltage and output current
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Test settings
Set available CP CR
*Test Information:
► Set your CP CR you have available. Press the Save as Default key. The settings will be saved for
future use of the test card.
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Activate C test
1. Set your test voltage for the capacity test (V test).
2. Press the Check C… button.
3. The dialog shows the internal connection of the CP TD and the test mode (GSTg-A+B), as well as
the test setup:
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Search f0…
1. Set the test voltage (V test).
2. Press the Search f0… button.
3. The dialog shows the internal connection of the CP TD and the test mode (GST), as well as the test
setup:
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9. If the resonance frequency cannot be found with the frequency range of 15 Hz to 400 Hz, a warning
message appears:
t on time
If the CP CR setting is selected, the calculated output time is shown for the given configuration (C,
L comp. and f test). The output time is limited by the needed current of the CP TD or the duty cycle of
the CP CR. The needed output current is defined by the losses of the test object, the losses of the
inductors (CP CR) and the needed capacitive or inductive current if not testing at resonance frequency
f0.
Note: The t on time is a rough calculation and is also dependent on the internal temperature of the
CP TD high-voltage transformer. Therefore, the real output time can be longer or shorter.
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Test Information dialog: The test information dialog shows the known values and details of the test
setup. The rel. temperature is the relative temperature of the CP TD high-voltage transformer (0 to
100%). The t on time is always calculated for a rel. temperature < 25%. The I out estimated is the
calculated current needed from the CP TD. The actual I out can be higher or lower.
Test cycle
If the Test cycle check box is selected, the CP TD performs an automated test defined by the test cycle.
If the warning symbol is selected and the handwheel or return button is pressed, the warning message
will appear:
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Pressing the I/O (test start/stop) push-button of the CPC 100 will display the following dialog.
1. The dialog shows the internal connection of the CP TD and the test mode (GST), as well as the test
setup:
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Navigate to the parameter fields and enter the values according to your test requirements:
State definition
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Figure 8-41: Settings page of the HV Resonance Test System test card
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After determining the resonance frequency, the settings page will show additional information (marked
in red):
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9 Common functions
This chapter describes functions and procedures that repeat in all or various test cards. Since these
functions are operated in the same fashion on all test cards, they are explained only once in a central
place.
After the test, set the focus on the assessment symbol by turning the handwheel.
If this symbol is selected, the test card’s bottom line shortly shows "Change test assessment [OK/
Failed]", and then returns to "Assessed: n/a".
The scale symbol designates that no manual assessment was done yet.
The context-dependent menu keys now provide the option to manually assess the test as either OK or
Failed.
Assessing the test appends the actual date and time to the bottom line string "Assessed:" and displays
a corresponding icon on the screen:
Test OK
Test failed
Pressing Clear Assess. clears both the assessment and the assessment’s date/time stamp in the
bottom line, and lets you renew your assessment.
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Common functions
tab (special function in Form Editor mode; refer to 8.5.1 "Form editor - text editor:" on
page 249).
When started from Test Card View, Test Procedure Overview or File Operations, the String Editor’s
respective entry field shows a default name.
To accept the default name, press the menu key OK or Save.
To change the default name, and to enter a name of your choice
► delete the default name by repeatedly pressing the backspace key
► enter the new test or folder name by consecutively selecting the characters of your choice from the
"on-screen keyboard" with the Up / Down keys or by navigating to it with the handwheel
► acknowledge every selected character by pressing the handwheel or Enter
Use the String Editor’s arrow buttons to move the cursor to the position of your choice. These buttons
are only available if the focus is on the character selection.
On the Comment card, pressing Carriage Return starts a new line. Otherwise, Carriage Return is
disabled.
Once the new name is entered, press the context-dependent menu key OK or Save - depending on the
mode - to exit the String Editor.
Pressing Cancel closes the String Editor discarding all changes.
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Figure 9-2: CPC 100 String Editor with focus on "Select a phrase"
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CPC 100 in a network
RJ-45 connector
DHCP/Auto-IP
Most PC networks have a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server that provides an address
for every device connected to the network and defines the subnet mask. When connected to such a
network, setting the CPC 100 to DHCP/Auto-IP mode enables it to obtain an address from the DHCP
server. If there is no DHCP server (for example, because the CPC 100 is directly connected to a PC),
the CPC 100 generates its address automatically (Auto-IP).
Older versions of Microsoft Windows, such as Windows 95 or NT 4.0, support DHCP but not Auto-IP.
For details about how to establish a communication via a direct connection, refer to the section ”Because
there is no DHCP server present when a CPC is connected directly to a PC (point to point), the CPC 100
is capable of providing the PC with a valid address as long as there is no server detected and the
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CPC 100 Start Page is running on the PC. The address is chosen from the Auto-IP address range, so it
does not interfere with other addresses within the network. It is also assured that only those PCs are
provided with an IP address that run the CPC 100 Start Page.” on page 270 of this chapter.
Static IP
In smaller PC networks, all computers have individual static IP addresses. The system administrator has
to assure that no IP address is used twice. He provides you with a unique address and all other settings
for the CPC 100.
If, by mistake, an IP address is used twice in the network, communication of one or both of the devices
will fail to work.
If you are in doubt, set the PC and CPC 100 to DHCP/Auto-IP.
IP address
This is the unique network address of CPC 100. You need this setting only if static IP addresses are
used. Your system administrator will provide you with a valid static IP address.
Subnet mask
This is the filter for the IP address. It has to be identical for all devices within one network. You need this
setting only if static IP addresses are used. Your system administrator will provide you with a valid subnet
mask.
Default gateway
This is the address of a local IP router on the same network the CPC 100 is in. It is used to enable data
traffic to destinations beyond the local network.
Commonly, the default gateway is not needed and can therefore be set to 0.0.0.0 for DCHP/Auto IP. This
setting is only accessible if static IP addresses are used. Your system administrator will provide you with
details.
DNS
This is the address of the Domain Name System server. Commonly, this address is not needed and can
therefore be set to 0.0.0.0. This setting is only accessible if static IP addresses are used. Your system
administrator will provide you with details.
10.2.2 PC or Notebook
If your PC or notebook is capable of communicating in a PC network, communication with your CPC 100
either within a network or via a direct connection to the CPC 100, should work without changing any of
your PC settings.
Note: To avoid possible communication problems, we recommend to first fully boot the CPC 100, then
connect the CPC 100 to the PC and eventually start the CPC 100 Start Page.
Computers with a Windows 95 or a NT 4.0 operating system need a special setup. These details are
explained in chapter "Because there is no DHCP server present when a CPC is connected directly to a
PC (point to point), the CPC 100 is capable of providing the PC with a valid address as long as there is
no server detected and the CPC 100 Start Page is running on the PC. The address is chosen from the
Auto-IP address range, so it does not interfere with other addresses within the network. It is also assured
that only those PCs are provided with an IP address that run the CPC 100 Start Page." on page 270.
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CPC 100 in a network
In a network with static IP addresses, your system administrator will provide you with valid settings for
the CPC 100.
In a network with dynamic address configuration (DHCP or Auto-IP), set your CPC 100 to "DHCP/Auto-
IP". This way, both the addresses of your PC and CPC 100 will be generated automatically.
Firewall configuration
A correct firewall configuration is essential to successfully establish a communication between the
CPC 100 and your computer.
Note: Any change to the firewall settings mentioned below requires administrator rights on your
computer.
Windows Firewall
The configuration of the Windows Firewall is carried out automatically during the installation of the
Primary Test Manager. However, in certain cases this may have no immediate effect.
► To prevent the Windows Firewall from blocking communication, (temporarily) disable it via the
Windows Control Panel.
If you are now able to successfully establish communication, the Windows Firewall was the reason for
the blocked communication between your test set and your computer.
► Reconfigure the Windows Firewall in order to enable a permanent use of the test set without having
to disable the Windows Firewall.
For more information see "Manual firewall configuration" below.
1. LED close to your PC’s Ethernet connector that displays data traffic by going on and off.
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Third-party firewall
► If you are using a firewall other than the Windows Firewall, temporarily disable it to see if this firewall
may be the cause for the blocked communication.
For more information on configuring a third-party firewall to allow a permanent communication between
the CPC 100 and your computer, refer to "Manual firewall configuration" below.
Note: Numerous computer security programs or anti-virus packages also contain an integrated firewall
function.
Program/service Rule name Protocol Local Port Remote Port Local IP Remote IP
name type
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OMICRON Device Browser
2
1
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Apart from the pull-down menus and the toolbar, the OMICRON Device Browser interface consists of
two panes:
1 •the left-hand side pane displays the available devices
2 •the right-hand side pane displays the contents of any device selected in the left-hand side pane
Navigate through the tree structure in the left-hand side panes as you would in Windows Explorer.
Double-clicking a closed folder or clicking on the plus sign beside it opens it. Double-clicking an open
folder or clicking on the minus sign beside it closes it.
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Right-click on the respective test on the right-hand side pane to open the context menu or use the
Windows Explorer menus. You can cut, copy, delete or rename the test files. Furthermore, it is possible
to display test reports and to open the test file using the CPC Editor.
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To display a test report, right-click on the file name and select Display Test Report from the context
menu.
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The Open With CPCEditor context menu allows you to directly open and edit your tests from the
CPC 100 with CPC Editor. The CPC Editor can also be accessed via the CPC 100 Start Page.
You can save tests directly to the CPC 100 from the CPC Editor.
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Furthermore, it is possible to load test results directly into the CPC Excel File Loader.
Figure 11-9: Loading files into the CPC Excel File Loader
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CPC Editor
12 CPC Editor
12.1 General
The CPC Editor is used for offline test preparation, that is to set up single test cards and/or entire tests
with all of their test-specific settings on a PC, independent from the availability of a CPC 100.
The prepared test file (.xml file1) is then uploaded to the CPC 100 using the
OMICRON <product_name>Device Browser.
The CPC Editor also opens executed and assessed test files that were downloaded from the CPC 100
to your computer to view them, edit them, and, if required, save them on your computer’s hard disk.
Additionally, a test file can be saved as test procedure template, that is a user-defined template
containing one or more test cards with all of their specific test settings. To learn more about templates in
general, please refer to 2.4.11 "Creating defaults and templates" on page 65.
1. An .xml file is a test with all of its test cards and specific settings. It may also contain test results and assessments that were
stored together with the settings as report in the CPC 100 file system for archiving purposes.
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1
2
Figure 12-1: CPC Editor user interface holding one blank Quick test card
Apart from the pull-down menus and the toolbar, the CPC Editor interface consists of two panes:
1 •The left-hand side list view pane resembles the Test Procedure Overview of the CPC 100 software
(refer to 2.4.6 "Test procedure overview" on page 52), and lists test cards showing the card’s name,
its creation date and time, whether test results are available and the test card’s assessment status.
2 •The right-hand side test card pane resembles the user interface of the selected test card as it is
laid out in the CPC 100 software. Here, the test card-specific parameters are specified.
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Insert only
becomes available
if there are already
test cards in the list
(refer to ”Inserting a
Test Card” on page
280 of this chapter).
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Select
• Insert|TestCard
• VTRatio
• Insert
Figure 12-4: Example: inserting a VTRatio test card to an existing list of test cards
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CPC Editor
Figure 12-5: Representation of the substation "Sulz" with its two 3-phase feeders "Klaus" and "Roethis"
in a folder tree structure
► Right-clicking a test file and selecting Open With and OMICRON CPC Editor from the context menu
starts the CPC Editor, loads the file and lets you edit it.
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► Once all tests are composed, use the OMICRON <product_name>Device Browser’s upload function
to transfer the entire tree structure from your PC to the CPC 100 at once. Single files can be
transferred directly from the CPC Editor using Save as… from the File menu.
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Technical data
14 Technical data
14.1 General
• In the following tables, all guaranteed input data are specified for an ambient temperature of 23 °C ±
5 °C, a power supply of 230 V AC, and after a warm-up time greater than 25 min.
• All guaranteed output data are valid for the period of one year after factory adjustment.
• The error values of each measurement range (listed under "Accuracy" in the following tables) are
specified in
To obtain the exact measurement error, multiply the displayed measured value with the given reading
error (rd), and add the full scale value multiplied with the given full scale error (fs).
Example:
– The CPC 100 is set to the 800A AC range.
– The display shows a measured value of 720 A at I Out.
– The guaranteed error is specified as 0.2% (rd) + 0.2% (fs).
– Therefore, the error is 720 A x 0.2% (rd) + 800 A x 0.2% (fs)
= 1.44 A + 1.6 A = 3.04 A.
Note: All guaranteed specifications refer to standard AC or DC measurements. Other measurements,
such as frequency-selective measurements, or measurements after a numeric integrator (like used with
the CTRogowski test card) can have slightly higher errors.
• The listed value of the typical maximum output time "typical time tmax" applies
– at the high-current 800A AC and 400A DC outputs to a load consisting of 2x6 m cables
– at the other outputs to the respective typical output power.
► Do not connect the 2kV output to any of the inputs. The 2kV output is measured internally.
• A higher ambient and/or operational temperature reduces both the typical maximum output time
"typical time tmax" and case by case the maximum output current accordingly.
Also refer to "Temperature monitoring" on page 51.
• When loaded with a high burden, the 800A AC, 400A DC, 6A AC (also in the 3A AC mode) and
6A DC outputs can generate noise. This noise, however, is normal and no reason to worry.
Note: Only one output at a time can be used, that is, either 800A AC or 400A DC or 2kV AC or...
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All guaranteed AC specifications refer to frequencies of 45 Hz < f < 65 Hz. Frequencies above 400 Hz
are filtered out. Measurements below 15 Hz are not stable.
amplitude [dB]
frequency [Hz]
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Note: If the power supply is ≤ 190V AC, the CPC 100 cannot provide the full output power at the
800A AC output. The same applies when an external booster is used. Therefore, in order to gain the full
output power, provide a sufficient power supply (190V ... 240V AC).
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800A AC output
Note: While using the 800A AC output, disconnect any cables that may be plugged in to the 400A DC
output. These outputs are internally connected.
800A AC output
Connection 10 mm connectors
Insulation Internally connected to the 400A DC output, insulated against all other inputs
and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 300 Vrms and 420 Vpeak on
either socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other
safety low-voltage circuits.
Output power at: typical app. power typical time tmax duty cycle ton / toff frequency
Smax
800 A 4800 VA 25 s 5 s / 55 s 50 ... 60 Hz
600 A 3780 VA 200 s 5 s / 25 s
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Technical data
voltage in Vrms
frequency in Hz
Figure 14-2: Typical maximum output voltage of 800A AC output depending on frequency and current
Note: The signal for the 800A AC output is generated by an internal transformer. To avoid saturation,
sudden magnitude changes are suppressed and the signal is output as a ramp. For several applications
the magnitude change is deferred even more, for example, for CT ratio measurements.
The ramp changes for a full magnitude are
• one period of the signal, regardless of the size of the change for an increase ramp
• 300 ms for a decreasing ramp, or accordingly less if the magnitude change is only a fraction of its full
value.
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400A DC output
Note: While using the 400A DC output, disconnect any cables that may be plugged in to the 800A AC
output. These outputs are internally connected.
400A DC output
Connection 10 mm connectors
Insulation Internally connected to the 800A AC output, insulated against all other inputs
and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 300Vrms and 420Vpeak on
either socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other
safety low-voltage circuits.
Output power at: typ. power Pmax typical time tmax
400 A 2600 W 140 s
300 A 1950 W 3 min
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2kV AC output
Note: While using the 2kV AC output, disconnect any cables that may be plugged in to any of the high-
current outputs (800A AC or 400A DC).
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Technical data
frequency in Hz
Figure 14-3: Typical maximum output voltage of 2kV AC output depending on frequency and power
Note: The 2kV AC output signal is generated by an internal transformer. To avoid saturation, sudden
magnitude changes are suppressed. The signal is output as a ramp. For several applications the
magnitude change is deferred even more, for example, for Voltage Withstand to avoid stress of the
device under test.
The fastest possible ramp changes for a full magnitude are
• 1200 ms for an increasing ramp
• 300 ms for a decreasing ramp.
The ramps need accordingly less if the magnitude change is only a fraction of its full value.
The 2kV AC output is electronically controlled to provide the nominal voltage. Consequently, the output
impedance is of no importance.
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6A / 130V AC output
Note: While using the 6A / 130V AC output, disconnect any cables that may be plugged in to any of the
high-current outputs (800A AC or 400A DC), or to the 6A DC output.
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Note: The 130V AC output has a setting range of 150 V. The set voltage represents the no-load voltage,
that is, when a load is connected, the voltage at the 130V output will reduce by approx. 5 V / A
voltage Vrms
frequency in Hz
Figure 14-4: Typical maximum output voltage of 6A / 130V AC output in 130V AC mode depending on
frequency
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frequency in Hz
Figure 14-5: Typical maximum output voltage of 6A / 130V AC output in 3 and 6A AC mode depending
on frequency and current
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6A DC current output
Note: While using the 6A DC output, disconnect any cables that may be plugged in to any of the high-
current outputs (800A AC or 400A DC), or to the 6A / 130V AC output.
6A DC output
Connection 4 mm banana sockets
Insulation The 6A DC output is internally connected with the
6A / 130V AC output. Apart from this, the output is insulated against all other
inputs and outputs.
Voltage with reference to earth must not exceed 200 Vrms and 280 V peak on
either socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other
safety low-voltage circuits.
Protection If a large inductance is connected, and the output is switched off, an internal
arc-suppression diode protects the user from voltage spikes from the
inductance.
Additionally, a surge arrester with a short circuit spring that, in case of an
overload, applies a short circuit to the output and protects the user if the arc-
suppression should not be sufficient.
The existence of a discharge voltage potential is also indicated by a lit LED -
even if the CPC 100 is switched off. This LED is situated at the right-hand side
of the 6A DC output sockets.
Current / voltage No internal measurement provided. To measure this output signal, connect it to
measurement a measuring input:
current measurement: at IAC/DC input
voltage measurement: at V DC input
Output power at: typical power Pmax typical time tmax
6.0 A 360 W >2h
3.0 A 180 W >> 2 h
Fuse Type: 6.3A T
The 6.3 Amps slow-acting wire fuse 5x20 mm, situated at the front panel’s
AC OUTPUT group, protects both the AC OUTPUT in 3A and 6A current mode
and the DC OUTPUT
Unlike other test cards, RWinding (winding resistance) and TRTapCheck (tap changer winding
resistance and on-load tap changer interruption check) provide special additional safety functions.
► Do not connect a large inductance to this output in any other test card but RWinding and
TRTapCheck.
► If a test object with a large inductance is connected to the CPC 100, earth both ends of the test object
before you disconnect it from the CPC 100.
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The Amplifier test card provides the possibility to synchronize to various inputs.
The CPC 100 filters the input signals, therefore, if mains is connected to, for example, the V1 AC input,
possible signal interferences and/or noise do not affect the synchronization considerably. The
fundamental wave of the input signal serves as reference for the synchronization.
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Technical data
N
N
Apart from this, the input is insulated against all other inputs and outputs. Voltage
with reference to earth must not exceed 300Vrms and 420Vpeak on either input
socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other safety
low-voltage circuits.
Maximum 330Vrms / 470Vpeak
voltage
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14.4.4 3V V2 AC input
Table 14-17: 3V V2AC input technical data
3V V2 AC input
Connection Odu connector GX1B0C-L020009-00A1
Measurement 0 ... 3 V / 0 ... 300 mV / 0 ... 30 mV
ranges
(autoranging)
Insulation N is connected to N of the V1AC input (black socket).
N
N
Apart from this, the input is insulated against all other inputs and outputs. Voltage with
reference to earth must not exceed 300Vrms and 420Vpeak on either input socket.
Reinforced insulation against mains power supply, all interfaces and other safety low-
voltage circuits.
Maximum 10Vrms / 15Vpeak
voltage
Accuracy 3 V: typ. error < ± 0.03% (rd) ± 0.08% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.05% (rd) ± 0.15% (fs)
300 mV: typ. error < ± 0.08% (rd) ± 0.08% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.15 % (rd) ± 0.15% (fs)
30 mV: typ. error < ± 0.1% (rd) ± 0.25% (fs),
guaranteed < ± 0.2% (rd) ± 0.5% (fs)
Possible crest factor: < 1.5
Phase tolerance at full scale
3V typ. error < ± 0.1°
guaranteed < ± 0.2°
300 mV typ. error < ± 0.1°
guaranteed < ± 0.2°
30 mV typ. error < ± 0.15°
guaranteed < ± 0.3°
Input 10 MΩ
resistance
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3V V2 AC input
Resolution Mea-surement Display
3 V: 150 μV/bit
300 mV: 30 μV/bit
30 mV: 3 μV/bit 10 μV
Note: When using the CTRogowski test card, the 3V V2 AC input uses an additional software-based
integration method.
In the range of 50 Hz < f < 60 Hz, this results in a phase shift of 90° as well as an additional phase error
of +/- 0.1° and an additional amplitude error of +/- 0.01%.
For frequencies in the range of 15 Hz < f < 400 Hz, the phase error is not specified, and the amplitude
error can be up to +/- 0.50% higher.
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Technical data
1 DCD (in)
6 DSR (in)
2 RXD (in)
7 RTS (out)
3 TXD (out)
8 CTS (in)
4 DTR (out)
9 RI (in)
5 GND
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The pins 1 and 2 provide an output of 12.9V / 85.5mA (V1) and 5V / 2.5mA (V0).
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Characteristic Rating
Operating –10 ºC … +55 ºC / +14 ºF … +131 ºF
Temperature
Storage –30 ºC … +70 ºC / –22 ºF … +158 ºF
Operating 2,000 m / 6,550 ft
Max. altitude
Storage 12,000 m / 40,000 ft
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EMC, safety
EMC IEC/EN 61326-1 (industrial electromagnetic environment)
FCC subpart B of part 15, class A
Safety IEC/EN/UL 61010-1,
IEC/EN/UL 61010-2-30
Note: This only applies to devices that have the respective indication on their nameplate.
Other
IEC/EN 60068-2-27
Shock
(15 g/11 ms, half-sinusoid, 3 shocks in each axis)
IEC/EN 60068-2-6
Vibration (frequency range 10 Hz…150 Hz, acceleration 2 g continuous
(20 m/s2/65 ft/s2), 20 cycles per axis)
IEC/EN 60068-2-78
Humidity (5 % … 95 % relative humidity, no condensation),
tested at 40 ºC/104 ºF for 48 hours
IP22 (in upright position)
Protection class
according to IEC/EN 60529
Characteristic Rating
Dimensions (w × h× d) 468 × 394 × 233 mm, 18.6 × 15.5 × 9.2 in
Weight 29 kg/64 lb; case without protection cover
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Accessories
15 Accessories
This chapter lists test cards that are optionally available to extend the functionality of the CPC 100
packages.
It furthermore describes hardware equipment that is optionally available for the CPC 100 primary test
system, and provides ordering information for spare parts.
For information on the CP CU1 coupling unit and the CP TD high-precision test system, see the CP CU1
User Manual and the CP TD1 and CP TD12/15 User Manuals respectively on the CPC 100 Toolset
DVD.
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15.1.6 Ramping
Programmable ramping generator and determination of thresholds
15.1.7 Sequencer
For automatic testing with different states in real time
15.1.8 Amplifier
To set the CPC 100 to an "amplifier-like" mode.
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Current booster
CP CB2
The CP CB2 is equipped with an over-temperature protection. In case the CP CB2 develops an internal
temperature that is too high, it shuts off automatically. There is no according on-screen message shown
on the CPC 100 monitor.
If such an automatic shut-off occurs, let the CP CB2 cool down for about ½ hour.
WARNING
Death or severe injury resulting from falling
Opening the CP CB2’s clamps requires using both hands.
► Secure yourself against falling by using a safety harness.
CAUTION
Minor or moderate injury caused by hot surfaces possible
During operation, the current booster’s housing as well as the high- current cables
(95 mm²) and their clamps can develop a rather high temperature.
► To prevent burns, use gloves when touching the housing or the cables during or shortly
after operation.
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Characteristic Rating
Accuracy of current at 50/60 Hz Typ. error < ± 0.13% (rd) ± 0.13% (fs),
Guaranteed < ± 0.25% (rd) ± 0.25% (fs)
Phase tolerance at full scale Typ. error < ± 0.25%
Guaranteed < ± 0.5%
More technical data can be found at 15.3.2 "Operation modes of the CP CB2" on page 320.
Characteristic Rating
Operating temperature -10 … +55 °C (+14 … 131 °F)
Storage and transportation -20 … +70 °C (-4 … 158 °F)
Max. altitude 2000 m (6562 ft)
Weight Dimensions (W x H x D)
Test set 16 kg (35.3 lb) 186 x 166 x 220 mm (7.3 x 6.5 x 8.7”), without handle
Test set & case 25 kg (55.1 lb) 700 x 450 x 360 mm (27.6 x 17.7 x 14.2”)
Standard conformity
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S1/X1
Burden
S2/X2
P2/H2
Figure 15-3: Current booster CP CB2 in 2000A mode for a CT ratio measurement
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P1/H1
S1/X1
Burden
S2/X2
P2/H2
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► For additional information about the current clamp C-Probe 1, refer to its user manual.
15.5 CP SA1
The CP SA1 must be connected to the CPC 100 V DC input sockets when using the 400A DC output to
protect yourself and the CPC 100 from high-voltage hazards.
The CP SA1 is a surge arrester unit providing extra protection to the operating staff and the CPC 100
against high-voltage hazards while performing transformer winding resistance measurements. In case
of unwanted disruption of the current path, high voltage due to the inductance of the transformer’s
winding appears on the transformer’s terminals and the current can flow through the voltage path to the
CPC 100 V DC input. If high voltage appears for a short time on the transformer’s terminals, an arc
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discharges the voltage and extinguishes without destroying the CP SA1. If the arc persists for a longer
time period, the surge arrester insulator melts and thereby short-circuits the terminals to ground.
Figure 15-7 below shows the circuit diagram of the CP SA1.
PTC Thermistor
+t°
Socket to
270 kΩ
Surge
Plug to CPC 100 power transformer
arrester
PTC Thermistor
+t°
Figure 15-7: CP SA1 circuit diagram
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4. Bend cable screen outwards, and place the two half shells on either side of the insulation body.
Half shell
5. Slide gasket and collet against the half shells, and clamp the screen between gasket and half shells.
6. Trim protruding screen strands, and push the cable assembly into the housing, orientating the guides
to the slots.
Guides
7. Finish the assembly by screwing the backnut to the housing, and by tightening them with wrenches.
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Copyright information
The OMICRON Bootloader software
The OMICRON Bootloader software includes software parts developed by:
• Intel Corporation (IXP400 SW Release version 2.3)
• Intrinsyc Software (Intrinsyc Bootloader)
• Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Adam Dunkels (lwIP TCP/IP stack)
• Mark Adler (puff - decompress the deflate data format)
• Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler ("zlib" general purpose compression library)
The following copyright notices reproduce entirely the copyright notices provided by the source code
owners.
Intrinsyc Bootloader
Copyright (c) 2001-2002, Intrinsyc Software. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following
acknowledgement: This product includes software developed by Intrinsyc Software.
4. The name of Intrinsyc may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
without specific prior written permission.
This software is provided by Intrinsyc software and contributors "as is"' and any express or implied
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particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall Intrinsyc software be liable for any direct, indirect,
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substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused and
on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise)
arising in any way out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.
Support
When you are working with our products we want to provide you with the greatest
possible benefits. If you need any support, we are here to assist you!
OMICRON electronics GmbH, Oberes Ried 1, 6833 Klaus, Austria, +43 59495
OMICRON 329