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  • Práctica N°9. Ley de Hess

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    MARIA FERNANDA CARO FONSECA
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    This document outlines an experiment to determine the enthalpy of formation of ZnO using Hess's Law. Students will measure the heat of reaction for Zn and ZnO reacting with HCl using a calorimeter. From these values and the enthalpy of formation of H2O, Hess's Law can be used to calculate the enthalpy of formation for ZnO. The experiment involves reacting weighed amounts of Zn and ZnO with 20mL of 6M HCl, measuring the temperature changes, calculating the heat of reaction, and using Hess's Law to determine the enthalpy of formation of ZnO is -350.8 kJ/mol.

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    This document outlines an experiment to determine the enthalpy of formation of ZnO using Hess's Law. Students will measure the heat of reaction for Zn and ZnO reacting with HCl using a calorimeter. From these values and the enthalpy of formation of H2O, Hess's Law can be used to calculate the enthalpy of formation for ZnO. The experiment involves reacting weighed amounts of Zn and ZnO with 20mL of 6M HCl, measuring the temperature changes, calculating the heat of reaction, and using Hess's Law to determine the enthalpy of formation of ZnO is -350.8 kJ/mol.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    40 views3 pages

    Práctica N°9. Ley de Hess

    Uploaded by

    MARIA FERNANDA CARO FONSECA
    This document outlines an experiment to determine the enthalpy of formation of ZnO using Hess's Law. Students will measure the heat of reaction for Zn and ZnO reacting with HCl using a calorimeter. From these values and the enthalpy of formation of H2O, Hess's Law can be used to calculate the enthalpy of formation for ZnO. The experiment involves reacting weighed amounts of Zn and ZnO with 20mL of 6M HCl, measuring the temperature changes, calculating the heat of reaction, and using Hess's Law to determine the enthalpy of formation of ZnO is -350.8 kJ/mol.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    Hess Law´s

    General Objetive

     Determine enthalpy or heat of formation using Hess´s Law

    Specific Objectives

     Evaluate the enthalpy of reaction of Zn and ZnO with HCl


     Apply Hess´s Law to find the heat of formation of ZnO (s)

    Introduction

    Hess Law further states that when two or more chemical equations are combined to produce a
    balanced chemical equation, the enthalpy changes combined in the same manner will yield the
    enthalpy change of the new reaction. This will enable us to determine the enthalpy change for a
    reaction that many not be easily performed in the laboratory, i.e. The enthalpy of formation of
    acetylene gas (C2H2).

    The reaction we are trying to determine is:

    2 C( s) + H 2 (g) →C 2 H 2 ( g) ∆ H=?

    From:

    C(s )+O 2 (g) →CO 2 (g ) ∆ H=−393.5 KJ /mol

    1
    H 2 (g) + O2(g) → H 2 O(l ) ∆ H =−285.8 KJ /mol
    2
    5
    C 2 H 2 (g) + O2(g ) → 2CO 2(g ) + H 2 O(l ) ∆ H=− 846.1 KJ /mol
    2

    By taking 2 x the heat of formation of CO 2:

    2 C(s) +2 O2(g ) → 2CO 2 (g ) ∆ H=−787 KJ /mol

    The heat of formation of H2O:

    1
    H 2 (g) + O2(g) → H 2 O(l ) ∆ H =−285.8 KJ /mol
    2

    Reverse the heat of combustion of C2H2:

    5
    2 CO2 (g) + H 2 O (l) →C 2 H 2 (g) + O2(g ) ∆ H=846.1 KJ /mol
    2
    The total sum is:

    2 C(s) +2 O2(g ) → 2CO 2 (g ) ∆ H=−787 KJ /mol

    1
    H 2 (g) + O2(g) → H 2 O(l ) ∆ H =−285.8 KJ /mol
    2
    5
    2 CO2 (g) + H 2 O (l) →C 2 H 2 (g) + O2(g ) ∆ H=846.1 KJ /mol
    2

    The sum of these enthalpies is -226.7 KJ/mol, which is the enthalpy of formation of acetylene.

    In this experiment we will measure the enthalpy change for the reaction o f a metal, zinc, with acid
    to produce a zinc salt. We will then measure the enthalpy change for zinc oxide reacting with the
    same acid. From these two reactions along with the value for the reaction of hydrogen with
    oxygen, one can determine the heat of combustion of zinc metal.

    Zn(s )+2 HCl (aq) → ZnCl 2(aq) + H 2 ( g) ∆ H I (1)

    ZnO(s) +2 HCl (aq ) → ZnCl 2(aq) + H 2 O(l) ∆ H II (2)

    1
    H 2 (g) + O2(g) → H 2 O(l ) ∆ H III =−285.8 KJ /mol (3)
    2
    1
    Zn(s )+ O2 (g) → ZnO(s) ∆ H IV =? (4)
    2
    Using a setup similar to the last experiment you can use a coffee cup calorimeter to determine the
    heats (q) of reaction and enthalpies for reaction 1 and 2, above. Combining these enthalpy values
    with the enthalpy of formation for water (3, above), you can use Hess´s Law to calculate the heat
    of formation for Zinc Oxide (4).

    Prelaboratory

     Explain in your words, what Hess´s Law is?


     What is the accepted value for the molar enthalpy of combustion of zinc?
     Determine the toxicity of Zn, ZnO and HCl

    Procedure

     Zinc Reaction
     Add 20 mL 6 M HCl into the dry calorimeter. Record the temperature.
     Weigh about 0.2 g of Zn to the nearest 0.001 g.
     Add the metal to the calorimeter, stir and record the temperature when it stabilizes.
     Zinc Oxide Reaction
     Perform a similar experiment using 20 mL of 6M HCl and 0.5 g zinc oxide.
    Calculations

     Calculate the heat change (q) for the Zn and ZnO reactions. Example for:
    q Zn =− ( ℎeat capacity of HCl ) ( g Sln HCl ) +C k ∗(∆ T )

    Heat capacity for HCl is 3.86 J/g°C. Assume the density of the HCl solution es 1 g/mL
     Calculate the heat of reaction (∆H) for the Zn and ZnO reactions. Watch the sign of
    your value! Example for Zn:
    q Zn
    ∆ Hd=
    mol Zn
     Write balanced equations for the two reactions performed in lab, including your
    experimentally determined ∆H.
     Use Hess´s Law to determine the enthalpy change for the reaction:
    1
    Zn(s )+ O2 (g) → ZnO(s)
    2
     Look up the value for the heat of formation of ZnO (s) in your text, calculate your
    percent error. Remember to explain (in your conclusion) any discrepancies

    Data Obtained

    Zn mass: 0.145 g

    ZnO mass: 0.42 g

    HCl: 20 mL

    Zn:

    Tf: 22°C and Ti: 20°C

    ZnO:

    Tf: 23°C and Ti: 21°C

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