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    This document discusses atoms and subatomic particles. It defines an atom as the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus. Neutrons have no charge and are also in the nucleus. Electrons have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus. The number of protons determines an element's atomic number and identity. The total number of protons and neutrons gives the atomic mass. The nucleus has a positive charge due to its protons and neutrons.

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    This document discusses atoms and subatomic particles. It defines an atom as the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus. Neutrons have no charge and are also in the nucleus. Electrons have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus. The number of protons determines an element's atomic number and identity. The total number of protons and neutrons gives the atomic mass. The nucleus has a positive charge due to its protons and neutrons.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    11 views1 page

    ???? ??? ????????? ?????????

    Uploaded by

    Zoya Adnan
    This document discusses atoms and subatomic particles. It defines an atom as the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus. Neutrons have no charge and are also in the nucleus. Electrons have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus. The number of protons determines an element's atomic number and identity. The total number of protons and neutrons gives the atomic mass. The nucleus has a positive charge due to its protons and neutrons.

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    𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬

    Sunday, 3 January 2021 2:14 AM

    𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐲?
    The branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their
    properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.
    𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫?
    Matter is anything that has mass and occupies volume.
    𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦:
    ⚜ ATOM is the smallest par=cle of an element.

    ⚜ An atom is electrically neutral.

    ⚜ Word atom is derived from a Greek word ‘atomos’ meaning indivisible, but it is not so.

    ⚜ It has three fundamental par=cles, which are electron, proton and neutron.

    ⚜ The central part is nucleus.

    𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦-the smallest particle of matter which will exhibit the properties of that element.An atom is 10 trillions
    time smaller than a full stop.
    𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫
    𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧
    Lightest particle
    Moves around the nucleus on imaginary circular paths called orbit or shell.
    Carries negative charge.
    An electron has a relative mass of about 1/1840 unit.
    Symbol ‘ e-’ is used.
    𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐧
    Heavier particle
    Present within the nucleus.
    Carries positive charge.
    A proton has a relative mass of 1 unit.
    Symbol ‘ p+’ is used.
    𝐍𝐞𝐮𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧
    Heavier particle.
    Present within the nucleus.
    Has no charge or neutral.
    A neutron also has a relative mass of about 1 unit.
    Symbol ‘ no’ is used
    𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫/𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫
    Atomic number (Z) is the number of protons present in an atom of an element.
    Examples:
    Hydrogen has one proton, so its atomic number is 1, Sodium has eleven protons, so its atomic number is 11,
    Fluorine has nine protons so its atomic number is 9.
    𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐍𝐮𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐨𝐧 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫
    Atomic mass (A) is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom of an element.
    Examples:
    Hydrogen has one proton and zero neutron, so its atomic mass is 1, Sodium has eleven protons and 12 neutrons, so
    its atomic

    𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬


    In neutral atoms, # Electrons = # Protons
    # Neutrons = Atomic Mass Number - Proton Number
    # Protons = Proton Number or Atomic Number

    𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐝𝐨𝐞𝐬 𝐚 𝐧𝐮𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐮𝐬 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐬?


    Nucleus possesses positive charge, because it has positively charged proton
    and neutral neutron. Therefore, the overall charge on a nucleus is positive.

    𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐬

    Short Test
    Atoms are made up of?
    Which subatomic Particle has a positive charge?
    I spend my time outside the nucleus?Therefore my charge must be……
    I don’t have a charge but I do contribute in an atom’s mass, therefore I must be…
    The nucleus of an atom contains which subatomic particles?
    Which subatomic particle is counted to determine the type of element the atom represents?
    What is the atomic number for an element with three protons?

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