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  • Heart of The Argument

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    The document defines key concepts for understanding and evaluating arguments: The heart of an argument is its central idea or most important point that provides the basis for the position taken. Critical reading involves understanding an author's intention, structure, meaning of words, and making logical inferences. There are different types of claims - claims of fact can be proven, claims of value are opinions, and claims of policy advocate for actions.

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    Reading and Writing

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    Heart of the argument

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    The document defines key concepts for understanding and evaluating arguments: The heart of an argument is its central idea or most important point that provides the basis for the position taken. Critical reading involves understanding an author's intention, structure, meaning of words, and making logical inferences. There are different types of claims - claims of fact can be proven, claims of value are opinions, and claims of policy advocate for actions.

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    86 views2 pages

    Heart of The Argument

    Uploaded by

    lord xie
    The document defines key concepts for understanding and evaluating arguments: The heart of an argument is its central idea or most important point that provides the basis for the position taken. Critical reading involves understanding an author's intention, structure, meaning of words, and making logical inferences. There are different types of claims - claims of fact can be proven, claims of value are opinions, and claims of policy advocate for actions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Heart of the argument - refers to the main point or central idea of an argument.

    In
    other words, It is the most important part of the argument that provides the basis for
    the position being advocated. Understanding the heart of the argument is essential for
    evaluating the and validity of the argument, as it helps to identify the core issues and
    assumptions being presented.
    Ex: Suppose someone is arguing that the death penalty should be abolished. The heart
    of their argument might be that the death penalty is an inherently flawed system that
    risks executing innocent people and perpetuates systemic injustices, and therefore
    should be replaced with a more just and humane form of punishment.
    Critical reading - is the process of reading texts with the purpose to understand them
    fully. It involves asking questions about the author’s intention, the text’s structure and
    purpose, and the meanings of individual words and phrases.
    Critical Reading Strategies
     inferential - is a reading comprehension strategy that involves making logical
    deductions based on clues and information presented in a text.

     Claim/Counter-Claim - itemizing each and how they work/don’t work


    together in a specific text; concept mapping can be useful here.

     Journaling - while or after reading to reflect both on the text and the process
    of evaluating that text.

     Marking the text - that involves actively engaging with a text by highlighting
    or underlining important information.

     SPQ: Stop, Paraphrase, and Question – that involves pausing at key points
    in a text, paraphrasing what has been read, and asking questions to deepen
    understanding.

    Claim - is a statement or proposition that is presented as true or factual. A claim is an


    assertion that the writer or speaker believes to be true and is trying to convince the
    audience or reader to accept.
    There are three main types of claims:
    Claims of Fact: This type of claim is used to assert that something is true or false,
    based on evidence or data. Factual claims can be proven or disproven through
    evidence or research.
    Ex:
    "The Earth revolves around the Sun."
    "Smoking causes lung cancer."
    "The average temperature of the Earth is increasing due to human activity."

    Claims of Value: This type of claim is used to assert that something is good or bad,
    right or wrong, or desirable or undesirable. Value claims are based on personal beliefs,
    opinions, or cultural norms, and can vary depending on context.
    Ex:
    "Abortion is morally wrong."
    "Eating meat is unethical."
    "Individual freedom is more important than collective security."

    Claims of Policy: This type of claim is used to assert that something should be done
    or changed. Policy claims are often tied to specific actions or decisions that should be
    taken to address a problem or issue.
    Ex:
    "The government should provide free healthcare for all citizens."
    "Schools should adopt a year-round schedule."
    "Corporations should be required to pay a living wage to their employees."

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