DUG30023 GREEN TECHNOLOGY

COMPLIANCE

CASE STUDY

NAME: DHARSHINYDEVI A/P RAMAN

CLASS: DFO3A
MATRICS NUMBER: 33DFO19F1027
LECTURER: EN. MUHAMMAD ‘AZIM BIN JAMALUDDIN
 CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
SECTION A
1) INTRODUCTION 3-5
2) PROBLEM STATEMENT 6
3) PURPOSE OF STUDY 7
SECTION B
4) LITERATURE REVIEW
 LITERATURE REVIEW ON WATER SCARCITY 8
 WAYS TO OVERCOME WATER SCARCITY 9-11
 LITERATURE REVIEW ON HOUSEHOLD ENERGY 12
CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSION
 WAYS TO OVERCOME HOUSEHOLD ENERGY 13-17
CONSUMPTION AND CO2 EMISSION
 LITERATURE REVIEW ON MARINE PALASTIC POLLUTION 18
 WAYS TO OVERCOME MARINE PLASTIC POLLUTION 19-20

SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION 21-22

CONCLUSION 23
REFERENCES 24

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 SECTION A
INTRODUCTION

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are a universal plan for all countries to end
poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. They are a set of 17 goals which
include 169 targets. They provide a focus for the international community’s development
efforts until 2030 and are the yardstick by which progress will be measured. They are
intended to be tackled as a group rather than individually - the 17 goals are interlinked.

Many of the challenges facing humankind, such as climate change, water scarcity, inequality
and hunger, can only be resolved at a global level and by promoting sustainable
development: a commitment to social progress, environmental balance and economic
growth. As a part of a new sustainable development roadmap, the United Nations approved
the 2030 Agenda, which contains the Sustainable Development Goals, a call to action to
protect the planet and guarantee the global well-being of people. These common goals
require the active involvement of individuals, businesses, administrations and countries
around the world.

Figure 1: Sustainable Development Goals

"Going green" means to pursue knowledge and practices that can lead to more
environmentally friendly and ecologically responsible decisions and lifestyles, which can help
protect the environment and sustain its natural resources for current and future generations.
It is also associated with the mind set of learning, practicing, and contributing in ways that

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help conserve the natural resources and habitats of the earth. Many people do this by
looking for ways to reduce waste, pollution, consumption.

Choosing to have green initiatives for your life is crucial for a number of reasons. From
having less of a long term impact on the planet to the immediate benefits of lowering costs,
green initiatives should be a priority for every household. The benefits of going green are
many. Not only can you help the environment, but green initiatives are advantageous for the
economy, general health, and more.

Economic Benefits

People tend to associate going green with increased financial costs, and while there may be
upfront costs, the reality is that in the long term money will be saved. Renewable energy
sources reduce energy consumption and lower electricity bills. Some states even offer
incentives to those who create green homes and buildings. Green initiatives are also
creating new employment opportunities. Essentially, a green initiative can cut costs.

Health Benefits

The prioritization of going green results in the reduction of air pollutants and environmental
toxins, which means cleaner air for breathing. The World Health Organization (WHO)
revealed a study that showed that air pollution causes approximately 2 million premature
deaths every year throughout the world. A healthy person is a productive person. The health
of our environment affects human health.

Environmental Benefits

The environment benefits when people make choices that encourage things such as organic
farming, responsible land use, and habitat preservation. For example, organic farming
reduces greenhouse gas emissions and lowers air pollution. Tree conservation means better
air quality. A healthy environment means a more sustainable future.

The main three sustainable development goal that I choose is:-

 Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for
all

Water scarcity affects more than 40 percent of people, an alarming figure that is projected to
rise as temperatures do. Although 2.1 billion people have improved water sanitation since
1990, dwindling drinking water supplies are affecting every continent. More and more
countries are experiencing water stress, and increasing drought and desertification is
already worsening these trends. By 2050, it is projected that at least one in four people will
suffer recurring water shortages. Safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030 requires
we invest in adequate infrastructure, provide sanitation facilities, and encourage hygiene.
Protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems is essential. Ensuring universal safe and
affordable drinking water involves reaching over 800 million people who lack basic services
and improving accessibility and safety of services for over two billion. In 2015, 4.5 billion
people lacked safely managed sanitation services (with adequately disposed or treated
excreta) and 2.3 billion lacked even basic sanitation.

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  Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Reduction
 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Achieving economic growth and sustainable development requires that we urgently reduce
our ecological footprint by changing the way we produce and consume goods and
resources. Agriculture is the biggest user of water worldwide, and irrigation now claims close
to 70 percent of all freshwater for human use. The efficient management of our shared
natural resources, and the way we dispose of toxic waste and pollutants, are important
targets to achieve this goal. Encouraging industries, businesses and consumers to recycle
and reduce waste is equally important, as is supporting developing countries to move
towards more sustainable patterns of consumption by 2030. A large share of the world
population is still consuming far too little to meet even their basic needs. Halving the per
capita of global food waste at the retailer and consumer levels is also important for creating
more efficient production and supply chains. This can help with food security, and shift us
towards a more resource efficient economy.

 Goal 14: Life Below Water

 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for
sustainable development.

The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems
that make the Earth habitable for humankind. How we manage this vital resource is essential
for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. Over three
billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. However, today
we are seeing 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks overexploited, reaching below the level at
which they can produce sustainable yields. Oceans also absorb about 30 percent of the
carbon dioxide produced by humans, and we are seeing a 26 percent rise in ocean
acidification since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Marine pollution, an
overwhelming majority of which comes from land-based sources, is reaching alarming levels,
with an average of 13,000 pieces of plastic litter to be found on every square kilometre of
ocean. The SDGs aim to sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems
from pollution, as well as address the impacts of ocean acidification. Enhancing conservation
and the sustainable use of ocean-based resources through international law will also help
mitigate some of the challenges facing our oceans.

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 PROBLEM STATEMENT

1) Growing water scarcity and the potential for water reuse and conservation – affects
more than 40% of the global population

 Water scarcity, insufficient freshwater resources to meet the human and

environmental demands of a given area. Water scarcity is inextricably linked
to human rights, and sufficient access to safe drinking water is a priority for
global development. However, given the challenges of population growth,
profligate use, growing pollution, and changes in weather patterns due to
global warming, many countries and major cities worldwide, both wealthy and
poor, faced increasing water scarcity in the 21st century.

2) Households consume 29% of global energy contributing to 21% of CO2 emissions

 Energy consumption and related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are

complex issues at different countries because various factor influence energy
supply, energy demand, and energy consumption on a global or local scale. A
considerable portion of energy demand and consumption in the world is used
in cities. An estimated analysed by International Energy Agency shows that
the world has experienced about two times the growth of energy consumption
from 2010 to 2018. In this regard, about 80% of energy consumption has
been attributed to cities. More recently, there has been worldwide recognition
of the problems associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within and
outside of city boundaries.

3) Over 3 billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods.
Pollution threatens the world’s largest source of protein.

 Plastic is a synthetic organic polymer made from petroleum with properties

ideally suited for a wide variety of applications, including packaging, building
and construction, household and sports equipment, vehicles, electronics and
agriculture. Plastic is cheap, lightweight, strong and malleable. Over 300
million tons of plastic are produced every year, half of which is used to design
single-use items such as shopping bags, cups and straws. At least 8 million
tons of plastic end up in our oceans every year. Floating plastic debris are
currently the most abundant items of marine litter. Waste plastic makes up
80% of all marine debris from surface waters to deep-sea sediments. Plastic
has been detected on shorelines of all the continents, with more plastic
materials found near popular tourist destinations and densely populated
areas.

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 PURPOSE OF STUDY

1) Growing water scarcity and the potential for water reuse and conservation

Objective:

 Improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and

minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the
proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and
safe reuse globally
 Substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure
sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity
and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity
 Protect and restore water-related ecosystems

2) Household energy consumption and CO2 emission

Objective:

 Achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources

 Substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction,
recycling and reuse
 To minimise environmental effects

3) Marine plastic pollution

Objective:

 Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular

from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution
 conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with
national and international law and based on the best available scientific
information
 To protect and restore the biodiversity within the ecosystems of an area

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 SECTION B
LITERATURE REVIEW

 Literature review on water scarcity

Water Shortage is the next global crisis. Water shortage has significantly threatened the
world on a global scale. Water is an essential part of life. Aside from drinking, water is used
in irrigation, sewage systems, food preparation and transportation. The lack of water can
have an impact on a global scale and already many countries all over the world suffer from
water shortage the result being health problems, sanitation and even education. However,
any people argue that threats such as global warming and over population exist which are
important than water shortage.

Water shortage can be seen as a global threat for many reasons. McKie (2015) states in the
article. ‘Why fresh water shortages will cause the next great global crisis’ that all over the
world reservoirs and aquifers are drying up. McKie further explains how Middle East has
been hit hardest by water scarcity and there is careless use of water in South Asia where
groundwater ‘has been pumped recklessly over the past decade’. This clearly explains some
of the causes of water shortage around the world. Similarly, Khan (2015) lists water scarcity
as one of the four biggest threats to the world stating that ‘water is the new oil’. According to
Khan, water crisis has made the biggest impact on the world population and therefore may
result in war over fresh water supplies. This can result in death as it will affect the population.
Equally, in a survey carried by the World Economic Forum (WEF) called ‘Global Risks 10 th
Edition’ (2015:3), water crisis is number one in regards to having the biggest impact globally.
This suggests that water shortage is a very important issue and must be acknowledged as a
global crisis.

Conversely, it is argued that water shortage is not a global threat. According to Carle (2015),
the top global threat is climate change. The article ‘Climate change is to be voted as a top
global threat by many countries thus meaning it could be a bigger concern than water
shortage. Furthermore, Radford (2008) explains in ‘The Water Shortage Myth’ that at least
ninety seven percent of the earth is made of salt water which can be desalinated into fresh
water. This means that there is enough water but it needs to be purified. Koerth-Baer (2009)
supports Radford’s idea by citing Asit Biswas, president of the Third Word Water Centre for
Water Management who claims that there is plenty of water but the main problem is ‘actually
getting the water to the people’. This suggests that water shortage will not be a problem if we
distribute it equally to all countries. Zetland (2008) in ‘The water shortage myth’ discusses
the water pricing system in which he explains that low prices lead to water shortages. This
suggests that water scarcity can be managed if we charge higher pricing of water.

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 Ways to overcome water scarcity

The thing that I’m practicing at home to

conserve water is collecting rainwater in
buckets. You could collect rain water
naturally simply by using things you already
have around your home like buckets, a
child’s swimming pool, watering cans, etc.
Simply allow them to fill up with the rain
water and use the water within a short
amount of time. If you want too long,
mosquitoes may breed, so be sure to use
the water within a couple of days.

There are many things you can use your

rain water for in and around your home.
Many people use it to water their gardens
and plants. You can also use it for
showering, washing your car, doing
laundry, or watering the grass. From this
act we can save more water and minimise
the unnecessary usage of water.

Figure 2 : Rainwater collection

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 These are the basic things that anyone can
easily do around the house to save the
water. Conserving water helps conserve
energy and reduce carbon pollution. We
should turn off the tap while brushing our
teeth, washing our hands and washing
dishes, don’t leave the water running. It can
saves up to 20 litres per day.

While washing hands, dishes, and produce,

as well as while shaving at the sink,
sometimes it seems easier to just leave the
water running even when you’re not using
it. But shutting off the faucet while washing
your hands or doing other tasks can save
more water than you think. During a 20-
second hand wash, you could waste a
quarter of a gallon of water. And with all the
Figure 3: Turn off the tap while brushing hand washing we’re doing these days that
teeth really adds up.

Dentists recommend brushing teeth twice a

day. Teeth brushing should be a daily,
healthy habit for everyone. Yet even with
such a healthy habit, bad decisions can
cause more harm than good. A bad habit to
accompany teeth brushing is leaving the
tap running as you brush. Everyone who
has this bad habit should quit it cold turkey,
and conserve water and other resources
when brushing their teeth. People are
supposed to brush their teeth for two
minutes. If the tap runs in that time, an
average of 4.4 gallons of water will be used.
Multiply this for the twice recommended
daily brushing, and that’s 8.8 gallons of
water used needlessly per day by only a
single individual.
Figure 4: Turn off the tap while washing
hands
Washing your hands with soap and water is
the most important thing you can do to stop
the spread of viruses such as COVID-19. In

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 order to save water, turn off the tap while
you scrub! Wet your hands before adding
soap. Then turn-off the running water and
scrub for at least 20 seconds, and then
rinse. You could save at least 6 gallons per
day by turning off the tap while you scrub.

An energy-efficient dishwasher typically

uses as little as 4 gallons of water per
cycle, whereas hand washing can use up to
20 gallons. Just make sure you only run the
dishwasher when it is full. Don’t have a
dishwasher? Scrape your dirty dishes into
the trash, fill up your sink with water, and
wash the dishes all at once instead of
washing dishes one-by-one under
constantly flowing water.

Figure 5: Turn off the tap while washing

dishes

While washing your vehicle at home will

save you money from having to go to a
professional car wash, it can also be
incredibly inefficient on water. The best way
to wash your vehicle at home is with a
bucket and sponge on a lawn so that waste
water can be soaked up instead of entering
the storm water system.

Use a bucket of water instead of an open

hose. Using a bucket and a wet sponge or
rag to rinse your vehicle will help you save
water. Fill your buckets with three gallons or
less of water. Instead of washing your car
down with a garden hose, rinse your car by
using a wet rag or sponge dipped in clean
water. When your water gets dirty, empty it
Figure 6: Using a bucket of water to out and get a fresh bucket. Separating your
wash the vehicle at home without a buckets of water by soapy and clear water
hosepipe will prevent you from having to replace it
continually. The actual car washing process

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 is fairly simple. Find a cool, shady spot if
possible as this will prevent excess water
evaporating and saves water as a result.

 Literature review on household energy consumption and CO2 emission

With the emergence of the contradictions between energy supply and demand, considerable
attention has been paid to the residential household energy consumption with increasing
research in this field. Since the outbreak of the oil crisis in the 1970s, the contradiction
between energy supply and demand has become increasingly prominent. In addition to
industrial energy consumption which accounts for a significant proportion of energy
consumption, household energy consumption has attracted extensive interest. According to
the data compiled by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in 2019, more than 20% of the
total energy consumption of various OECD countries was consumed by households, of
which developed countries such as Britain reached more than 30%. At the same time, the
global warming caused by the increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) has been
widely discussed, and many countries have set emission reduction targets to reduce carbon
dioxide emissions in response to climate change.

Herendeen has proven that poor households purchase approximately 65% of their energy
needs by purchasing residential energy and automotive fuels, while 35% for wealthy
households. The research of Pachauri and Spreng ascribed the increase in household
energy demand in India to the increasing population; Wang selected eight typical counties in
the eight major economic zones of China through sample collection analysis and found that
the local social environment, economic development level, availability of local resources,
local residents’ living habits, climate conditions, and other factors have a greater impact on
the energy consumption of rural households. Baiocchi et al. investigated and studied both
direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions of consumer behaviors in different British
lifestyles, and concluded that consumer behaviors and lifestyles have a significant impact on
British carbon dioxide emissions.

Fertahi et al. carried out various dynamic simulations on the thermal performance of the
collective hot water production system, and found that the Evacuated Tube Technology
(ETC) is suitable for this collective hot water production application, and increasing the
centralized storage tank volume enhances the annual solar fraction of the collective hot
water process. Pochwat et al. compared two-prototype near-horizontal drain water heat
recovery units on the basis of effectiveness, and proposed a method to improve the
utilization rate of hydrothermal energy. Kastner et al. reviewed the empirical research on
energy investment of 26 households, and made a detailed analysis of energy-related
investment decisions and beliefs on the consequences for households, as well as access to
energy consulting and financial incentives. The China Household Energy Report (2016)
pointed out that, in the total energy consumption of the United States, the living energy
consumption of residents increased from 17.5% in 1949 to 21.7% in 2013, while industrial
energy consumption increased from 46% in 1949 and fell to 32.3% in 2013.

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 Ways to overcome household energy consumption and CO2 emissions

I will turn off the light switch when leave the

room in order to reduce household energy
consumption. Turning off the lights when
you leave your room can help save energy.
It can also help reduce carbon emission
and other harmful greenhouse gases.
Hence, turning off your lights is a simple
way to help protect the environment and
save the planet.

Figure 7: Turning off lights

I also will unplug unused chargers to

conserve household energy. Unplugging
unused chargers will also help reduce the
use of non-renewable resources that are
harmful to the environment. You can unplug
the chargers or other appliances if you don’t
need them. You can also unplug your
appliances to help reduce your carbon
footprint and help save the planet.

Figure 8: Unplug unused chargers

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 I’m using a piece of cloth instead of paper
to clean the kitchen. We also can repurpose
old towels and t-shirts and cut them into
small cleaning cloths. By using less paper,
we can reduce your impact on forests, cut
energy use and climate change emissions,
limit water, air and other pollution produce
less waste.

Figure 9: Using cloth to clean the

kitchen

We are unaware of new and upcoming

technologies that we can use to help
reduce carbon emissions. A good example
of this is LED lighting, which provides many
environmental advantages. LED lights are
up to 80% more efficient than traditional
lighting such as fluorescent and
incandescent lights. LED lights also draw
much less power than traditional lighting.
Less energy use reduces the demand from
power plants and decreases greenhouse
gas emissions. Moreover, LEDs have a
better quality of light distribution and focus
light in one direction achieve the same level
of brightness given off by fluorescents and
incandescent lights. Fewer lights will reduce
energy consumption and will therefore be a
Figure 10: Ceiling LED lamp benefit to the environment. A longer life
span means lower carbon emissions. LED
Lights last up to six times longer than other
types of lights, reducing the requirement for
frequent replacements. This results in using

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 fewer lights and hence fewer resources are
needed for manufacturing processes,
packaging materials and transportation.

At my home we chose a fan instead of air

conditioner as a better investment. Ceiling
fans have been shown to reduce energy
usage by as much as 40% in the summer
and 10% in the winter. They do this by
creating air movement that expands the
acceptable comfort range of the space.
Instead, they circulate hot air up and cool
air down. While this makes you feel cooler,
the downside is, high temperatures will still
feel hot to you. Furthermore, Ceiling fans
use low-wattage motors that consume little
electricity. This not only saves energy and
money on electricity bills, it also means
quieter fan usage and more speed options.
Air conditioners, on the other hand,
consumes much more power than a typical
ceiling fan. Unfortunately, most of the
electricity available today is generated from
Figure 11: Ceiling fan power stations running on non-renewable
fuels such as coal and oil. Burning these
fuels not only depletes the limited reserves
we have, but also it increases pollution in
the atmosphere by releasing poisonous
gases. Furthermore, the increased amount
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that
causes global warming is largely a result of
burning these fuels. A ceiling fan seems to
be the more environmental friendly option
of the two. A ceiling fan will not only save
you energy but also, will not need a large
space in the landfill when compared to an
air conditioner.

Relying on natural sunlight instead of

electricity is the green way to go. Rather
than turning on your lamps and overhead
lights, open up the blinds and pull back the
curtains. With quality window coverings,
you can control precisely how much light

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 you let in so that you won’t get
overwhelmed by the sun either. By lighting
your home naturally, in addition to helping
the environment, you can save on your
energy bill too. Whenever possible, option
for natural lighting.

Figure 12: Windows and curtains open

Figure 13: Natural lighting during

daytime

I will use my bicycle instead of car or

motorcycle to go to a nearer shop to my
home. Riding your bicycle, or cycling, has
countless benefits. Cycling is good form of
exercise. It is also a simple, eco-friendly
transportation option. The more cars we
can get off the road, the better it will be for
the environment. Cycling requires no
gasoline and, therefore, no harmful vehicle
emissions or smog are released into the air
when a person is riding his or her bicycle.
Opting to use your bicycle a few times a
week, instead of your car, is one of the
simplest ways to lower your environmental
Figure 14: Using bicycle to go to nearer
footprint. Idling isn’t an issue when you are
shop
cycling. Noise pollution is reduced as well.
Bicycles require no gasoline, no antifreeze
and don’t need many of the other fluids
vehicles need to operate. This helps ensure
such fluids don’t make their way into local
waterways or the environment itself.

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 Gardening impacts everything from the air
we breathe to the minimizing of carbon
footprints we leave behind. If you have an
area to plant in, even if it’s simply
containers on a terrace, take advantage of
this space and become part of a healthy
environmental impact.

Plants produce oxygen through the process

of photosynthesis. They take in carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere through their
leaves and use it to help expel oxygen and
water. Carbon dioxide is what we expel
when we breathe- it is a waste product by
all means, and plants help recycle it into
something we need to survive! They also
remove any chemicals and bacterias that
Figure 15: Plantation at home may be floating around in the air, providing
an overall healthier environment to be
within.

Gardening is well worth your efforts for both

personal, and environmental concerns. Any
sort of greenery that you can grow is going
to provide a positive impact on your
environmental surroundings. Gardens are
not just aesthetically pleasing, they are a
building block of a healthy space and a
reduction in carbon footprints.

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  Literature review on marine plastic pollution

Human activities are responsible for a major decline of the world’s biological diversity, and
the problem is so critical that combined human impacts could have accelerated present
extinction rates to 1000–10,000 times the natural rate (Lovejoy, 1997). Plastics are synthetic
organic polymers, and though they have only existed for just over a century (Gorman, 1993),
by 1988 in the United States alone, 30 million tons of plastic were produced annually
(O’Hara et al., 1988). Plastics are light weight, strong, durable and cheap (Laist, 1987),
characteristics that make them suitable for the manufacture of a very wide range of products.
These same properties happen to be the reasons why plastics are a serious hazard to the
environment (Pruter, 1987; Laist, 1987).

The threat of plastics to the marine environment hasbeen ignored for a long time, and its
seriousness has been only recently recognised (Stefatos et al., 1999).Fergusson (1974) for
instance, then a member of the Council of the British Plastics Federation and a Fellow of the
Plastics Institute, stated that ‘‘plastics litter is avery small proportion of all litter and causes
no harm to the environment except as an eyesore’’. His comments not only illustrates how
the deleterious environmental effects of plastics were entirely overlooked, but also
that ,apparently, even the plastics industry failed to predict the great boom in the production
and use of plastics of the past 30 years. In the marine environment, the perceived
abundance of marine life and the vastness of the oceans have lead to the dismissal of the
prolife-ration of plastic debris as a potential hazard (Laist, 1987).

Though the seas cover the majority of our planet’s surface, far less is known about the
biodiversity of marine environments then that of terrestrial systems(Ormond et al., 1997).
Irish and Norse (1996) examined all 742 papers published in the journal Conservation
Biology and found that only 5% focused on marine ecosystems and species, compared with
67% on terrestrial and 6% on freshwater. As a result of this disparity, marine conservation
biology severely lags behind the terrestrial counterpart (Murphy and Duffus, 1996),and this
gap of knowledge poses major problems for conservation of marine biodiversity and must be
addressed.

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 Ways to overcome marine plastic pollution

I’m using cloth bags instead of plastic bags

when go the grocery. This is because cloth
bags are reusable and environmentally
friendly. It do not require maintenance.
Furthermore, cloth bags are 100% bio-
degradable and recyclable.

Figure 16: Use cloth bags

I send crushed tins and bottles to the

recycle centre to do the recycling process.
Recycling saves energy prevents pollution
by reducing the need to collect new raw
materials. Moreover, reduces the amount of
waste sent to landfills and incinerators.

Figure 17 : Crushed cans for recycle

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Figure 18: Plastic bottles for recycle A simple way to have a huge impact on the
environment is through reducing paper
consumption, by turning paper documents
into electronic ones and eliminating paper
from fax workflows. In our digital world,
when almost every student has a phone,
tablet or laptop, it’s still hard to beat pen
and paper. Taking notes electronically can
be done from either a laptop or computer.

Thankfully, the world is now digitally

focused and your studies can be, too. You’ll
save money (and stop wasting paper) on
purchasing notebooks and flashcards if you
begin to electronically take down what you
need to remember in class.

Going paperless helps to reduce CO2

(Carbon dioxide) emissions. Turning a
single tree into 17 reams of paper results in
around 110 lbs of CO2 being released into
the atmosphere. Additionally, trees are also
Figure 19: Take notes electronically ‘carbon sinks’ and every tree that is not cut
down for paper usage is able to absorb
CO2 gasses. The average tree can absorb
around a ton- 2000 lbs- of CO2 in its
lifetime.

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 SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION

1. Try Renewable Energy, Go Rooftop Solar

 Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is accelerating access to affordable and clean

electricity. Roof modules are spreading worldwide because of their affordability. Solar
PV has benefited from a virtuous cycle of falling costs that is cheap, and you can
easily install it to go environmentally friendly.

2. Cut Down Meat on your Plate

 If you want to be environment-friendly, simply cut down the amount of meat you
consume, and that would have a massive impact on the environment. If you can
avoid it just for 2-3 days a week that would even have quite a significant effect on
reducing your carbon footprint. As billions of people dine multiple times a day, if they
apply this, imagine how many opportunities exist to turn the tables. Of course, it is
possible to eat well with vegetables, fruits, grains, and legumes, in terms of both
nutrition and pleasure and thereby help lower emissions.

3. Use Green Cleaning Products

 You use a lot of cleaning products every day that contain many harmful chemicals
that aren’t environmentally friendly to create or at their disposal. The repeated
exposure to these cleaning products affects your health as well as the environment.
Use green cleaning products using more natural and organic methods.

4. Composting

 Composting is a natural process that takes remains of plants and kitchen waste and
converts it into rich nutrient food for your plants that helps them grow. It reduces the

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 amount of garbage that goes to landfills, which pollutes the air. This way, it proves
safe for the environment.

5. Choose Personal Hygiene Items Carefully

 Be it your toothpaste, body wash, face scrub, and any other products, make sure that
those do not contain micro beads which are small bits of solid plastic that make their
way into watercourses and ultimately end up damaging the environment by entering
the food chain. Besides, also avoid chemicals and opt for natural cleaning products
to keep yourself and the environment clean.

6. 3 R’s of Waste Hierarchy

 The 3 R’s (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) waste hierarchy is the order of priority of actions
to be taken to reduce the amount of waste generated and to improve overall waste
management processes and programs. Reduce simply means reducing what is
produced and what is consumed. Reuse items for a different purpose instead of
sending them to landfills. To recycle something means that it will be transformed
again into a raw material that can be shaped into a new item.

7. Buy Recycled Products

 When you go out shopping, try to buy products from the market that are made up of
recycled materials with minimal packaging, i.e., the product should be environment-
friendly. Look into manufacturing processes to check if it was made from recycled
materials or the use of plastics or chemicals was involved in its production.
You can improve your recycling or repairing skills as the internet gives access to the
tools and information you need to fix practically anything and recycle mostly
everything, from batteries to paper to cars. Before throwing anything, try to turn it into
something else you can use.

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 CONCLUSION

A phrase that gets thrown around a lot is “going green,” which refers to the decision that a
person makes to preserve the health of the environment by reducing waste. Going green
means embracing a way of life that helps preserve the environment by reducing, reusing,
and recycling items. Going green concept is learning and practicing an environmentally-
mindful lifestyle that contributes towards protecting the environment and preservation and
conservation of the natural resources, habitats, and biodiversity.

Choosing to have green initiatives for your life and business is crucial for a number of
reasons. From having less of a long term impact on the planet to the immediate benefits of
lowering costs, green initiatives should be a priority for every household and business.

It is more important than ever to adopt a green lifestyle. These small changes can help
reduce the pollution that threatens our health and our environment, while also protecting our
natural resources. Fortunately, it has never been easier to live a sustainable lifestyle. By
going green, we build a healthier environment for all living creatures, both current and future
generations.

It is essential to practice green living because if we don’t, our lives would be in danger when
there is no clean air, food, drinking water, or even get exposed to harsh climate changes and
temperatures that can lead to global warming and life-threatening illnesses. When we strive
for green living, then we would significantly reduce the impact of extreme temperature and
climate changes that could be brought about by global warming.

With a greener planet, you and I can look forward to a cleaner environment and a brighter
future. With better quality of air, surroundings, and food, we are more likely to be healthier, to
be around for longer to fulfil our life aspirations and enjoy our relationship with our loved
ones.

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 REFERENCES

 https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-
do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-12

 https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-
do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-14

 https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-
do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-6

 https://connecting-classrooms.britishcouncil.org/resources/home-learning/life-below-
water-secondary

 https://www.britannica.com/topic/water-scarcity

 https://www.scribd.com/document/286209032/Literature-Review

 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
11059309_The_Pollution_of_the_Marine_Environment_by_Plastic_Debris_A_Revie
w

 https://www.greenjournal.co.uk/2019/12/the-importance-of-green-living-in-our-life-
and-environment/

 https://greencoast.org/advantages-of-going-green-help-the-environment/

 https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/15-easy-ways-to-become-environmentally-
friendly.php

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