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version 2008.x.x
TL 19887 (10/14/2008)
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Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1
Assets
Liabilities
Additional Information
Owners' Compensation $2,853,654 $2,796,581 $57,073 2.0%
Depreciation Expense $122,001 $115,901 $6,100 5.3%
Selling Expenses $0 $0 $0 0.0%
Activity Ratios
Accounts Receivable Turnover 60.0 60.7 -1.2%
Days Sales in Receivables 6.1 6.0 1.7%
Inventory Turnover 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Days Cost of Sales in Inventory 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Accounts Payable Turnover 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Days Cost of Sales in Payables 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Operating Cycle Days 6.1 6.0 1.7%
Sales to Assets 6.6 6.7 -1.5%
Sales to Net Fixed Assets 19.6 20.2 -3.0%
Percent Depreciation Expense to Fixed Assets 25.2 25.8 -2.3%
Percent Accumulated Depreciation to Fixed Assets 14.8 14.7 0.7%
Net Fixed Assets to Equity 4.3 4.9 -12.2%
Profitability Ratios
Percent Gross Profit 100.0 100.0 0.0%
Percent Profit Margin on Sales 0.6 0.7 -14.3%
Percent Rate of Return on Assets 3.7 4.5 -17.8%
Percent Rate of Return on Equity 47.8 65.8 -27.4%
Price Earnings Ratio 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Earnings Per Share 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Coverage Ratios
Liquidity ratios measure a company’s ability to meet its maturing short-term obligations. In other words,
can a company quickly convert its assets to cash without a loss in value if necessary to meet its
short-term obligations? Favorable liquidity ratios are critical to a company and its creditors within a
business or industry that does not provide a steady and predictable cash flow. They are also a key
predictor of a company’s ability to make timely payments to creditors and to continue to meet
obligations to lenders when faced with an unforeseen event.
Current Ratio
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
This ratio reflects the number of times short-term assets cover short-term liabilities and is a fairly
accurate indication of a company's ability to service its current obligations. A higher number is preferred
because it indicates a strong ability to service short-term obligations. The composition of current assets
is a key factor in the evaluation of this ratio. Depending on the type of business or industry, current
assets may include slow-moving inventories that could potentially affect analysis of a company's liquidity
how long could it potentially take to convert raw materials and inventory into finished products? (For this
reason, the quick ratio may be preferable to the current ratio because it eliminates inventory and
prepaid expenses from this ratio for a more accurate gauge of a company's liquidity and ability to meet
short-term obligations.)
Quick Ratio
(Cash + Marketable Securities + Trade Accounts Receivable) / Current Liabilities
This ratio, also known as the acid test ratio, measures immediate liquidity - the number of times cash,
accounts receivable, and marketable securities cover short-term obligations. A higher number is
preferred because it suggests a company has a strong ability to service short-term obligations. This
ratio is a more reliable variation of the Current ratio because inventory, prepaid expenses, and other
less liquid current assets are removed from the calculation.
This ratio gauges the threat of insolvency for investors by calculating the number of days a company
can operate without any cash returns while meeting its basic operational costs. In general, this number
should be between 30 to 90 days.
This ratio represents a numerical ranking that predicts the potential for bankruptcy of a retail company.
In general, the lower the score, the higher the odds of bankruptcy. Companies with Z-Scores above 3
are considered to be healthy and therefore, unlikely to enter bankruptcy.
This ratio represents a numerical ranking that predicts the potential for bankruptcy of a manufacturing
company. In general, the lower the score, the higher the odds of bankruptcy. Companies with Z-Scores
above 3 are considered to be healthy and therefore unlikely to enter bankruptcy.
This ratio measures the dependency of working capital on the collection of receivables. A lower number
for this ratio is preferred, indicating that a company has a satisfactory level of working capital and
accounts receivable makes up an appropriate portion of current assets.
This ratio measures the dependency of working capital on inventory. A lower number for this ratio is
preferred indicating that a company has a satisfactory level of working capital and inventory makes up a
reasonable portion of current assets.
This ratio measures the degree to which a company's long-term debt has been used to replenish
working capital versus fixed asset acquisition.
This ratio measures a company's ability to finance current operations. Working capital (current assets -
current liabilities) is another measure of liquidity and the ability to cover short-term obligations. This
ratio relates the ability of a company to generate sales using its working capital to determine how
efficiently working capital is being used. In general, a lower number is preferred because it indicates a
company has a satisfactory level of working capital. However, an exceptionally low number may
indicate inadequate sales levels are being generated.
The following list includes several suggestions Liberty Medical Group should consider to improve the
liquidity ratios:
Reduce days in accounts receivable to improve current assets by evaluating accounts receivable on a
more frequent basis and take a more assertive stance in the collection of accounts receivable and
delinquent accounts.
Prepare thorough cash forecasts and evaluate the company's ability to meet goals on a regular basis.
Consider paying off short-term obligations if the cash position of the company is favorable.
Consider converting short-term debt to long-term debt.
Reduce levels of non-moving inventory.
Activity ratios provide a useful gauge of a company's operations by determining, for example, the
average number of days it takes to collect on customer accounts and the average number of days to
pay vendors. A key point to keep in mind when evaluating these ratios is that seasonal fluctuations are
not necessarily reflected in the numbers that are derived from these calculations based on an account
balance on one single day.
This ratio measures the number of times receivables turn over in a year and reveals how successful a
company is in collecting its outstanding receivables. A higher number is preferred because it indicates
a shorter time between sales and cash collection.
This ratio measures the average number of days a company's receivables are outstanding. A lower
number of days is desired. An increase in the number of days receivables are outstanding indicates an
increased possibility of late payment by customers. Companies should attempt to reduce the number of
days sales in receivables in order to increase cash flow. The general rule used is that the time allowed
for payment by the selling terms should not be exceeded by more than 10 or 15 days.
This ratio calculates the total conversion period for a company, or in other words, the average number
of days it takes to convert inventory into cash from sales. It is calculated by adding together the days
cost of sales in inventory to the days sales in receivables. Evaluating this ratio can be helpful in
gauging the effectiveness of marketing, determining credit terms to extend to customers, and collecting
outstanding accounts.
Sales to Assets
Sales / Total Assets
This ratio measures a company's ability to produce sales in relation to total assets to determine the
effectiveness of the company's asset base in producing sales. A higher number is preferred, indicating
that a company is using its assets to successfully generate sales. This ratio does not take into account
the depreciation methods employed by each company and should not be the only measure of
effectiveness of a company in this area.
This ratio measures a company's ability to effectively utilize its fixed assets to generate sales. This ratio
is similar to the sales to assets ratio, but it excludes current assets, long-term investments, intangible
assets, and other non-current assets. A higher number is desired, indicating that a company
productively uses its fixed assets to produce sales. This ratio does not take into account the
depreciation methods employed by each company and should not be the only measure of effectiveness
of a company in this area. In addition, fixed assets that are almost fully depreciated, and labor-intensive
operations may interfere with the interpretation of this ratio.
This ratio measures the reasonableness and consistency of a company's depreciation expense over
time.
This ratio measures the cumulative percentage of productive asset costs a company has allocated to
operations.
This ratio measures the extent to which investors' capital was used to finance productive assets. A
lower ratio indicates a proportionally smaller investment in fixed assets in relation to net worth, which is
desired by creditors in case of liquidation. Note that this ratio could appear deceptively low if a
significant number of a company's fixed assets are leased.
Profitability ratios measure a company’s ability to use its capital or assets to generate profits. Improving
profitability is a constant challenge for all companies and their management. Evaluating profitability
ratios is a key component in determining the success of a company. It is important to note that all
profitability ratio calculations are based on earnings before taxes.
This ratio measures the gross profit earned on sales and reports how much of each sales dollar is
available to cover operating expenses and contribute to profits.
This ratio measures how much profit a company makes on each sales dollar received and how well a
company could potentially deal with higher costs or lower sales in the future.
This ratio measures how effectively a company's assets are being used to generate profits. It is one of
the most important ratios when evaluating the success of a business. A higher number reflects a well
managed company with a healthy return on assets. Heavily depreciated assets, a large number of
intangible assets, or any unusual income or expenses can easily distort this calculation.
This ratio expresses the rate of return on equity capital employed and measures the ability of a
company's management to realize an adequate return on the capital invested by the owners in a
company. A higher number is preferred for this commonly analyzed ratio.
Coverage ratios assess a company’s ability to meet its long-term obligations, remain solvent, and avoid
bankruptcy. It measures how well a company’s cash flow covers its short-term financial obligations.
Lenders evaluate coverage ratios to determine the degree to which a company could become
vulnerable when faced with economic downturns. A company with a high level of debt poses a higher
risk to long-term creditors and investors.
This ratio measures what proportion of debt a company is carrying relative to its assets. A ratio value
greater than one indicates a company has more debt than assets. Naturally, companies and creditors
prefer a lower number.
This ratio measures what proportion of total assets was provided by the owners equity. The higher the
number the more total capital has been contributed by owners and the less by creditors.
Equity Multiplier
Total Assets / Total Equity
This ratio measures the extent to which a company uses debt to finance its assets. The higher the
number is, the more a company is relying on debt to finance its assets.
Debt to Equity
Total Liabilities / Total Equity
This ratio measures the financial leverage of a company by indicating what proportion of debt and equity
a company is using to finance its assets. A lower number suggests there is both a lower risk involved
for creditors and strong, long-term, financial security for a company.
This ratio measures how well cash flow from operations covers current maturities. Since cash flow is
necessary for debt retirement, this ratio reveals a company's capability to repay existing debt and to
take on additional debt. A higher number for this ratio is desired.
This ratio measures a company's ability to meet interest payments. A higher number is preferred,
suggesting a company can easily meet interest obligations and can potentially take on additional debt.
Note that this particular ratio uses earnings before interest and taxes because this is the income amount
available to cover interest.
The following list includes several suggestions Liberty Medical Group should consider to improve the
coverage ratios:
Examine the company’s debt to uncover areas needing improvement and create a long range action
plan to address these areas and pay down debt.
Increase equity by increasing earnings.
Minimize the overall amount of debt to decrease interest expenses.
Reduce interest payments by evaluating financing alternatives and possibly refinancing existing debt.
Expense to sales ratios express specific expense items as a percentage of net sales. Comparisons of
expenses are more meaningful because net sales is used as a constant. Extreme variations in these
ratios are most pronounced between capital- and labor-intensive industries.
This ratio measures depreciation expense as a percentage of sales and is based on a company's fixed
assets and how quickly they are being depreciated or amortized, relative to sales. Any depletion
expenses should be included in this ratio as well. Note that depreciation methods should also be
considered when evaluating this ratio.
This ratio measures owners' compensation (which includes salaries, bonuses, commissions, drawings
of partners, etc.) as a percentage of sales. The desired percentage may vary between companies
depending on their individual goals.
Assets
Liabilities
Liberty Medical
Group Industry % Variance
Liquidity Ratios
Current Ratio 0.7 0.9 -22.2%
Quick Ratio 0.6 0.8 -25.0%
Sales to Working Capital -40.0 -253.1 -84.2%
Activity Ratios
Accounts Receivable Turnover 60.0 999.9 -94.0%
Days Sales in Receivables 6.1 0.0 0.0%
Inventory Turnover 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Days Cost of Sales in Inventory 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Accounts Payable Turnover 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Days Cost of Sales in Payables 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Sales to Assets 6.6 8.5 -22.4%
Sales to Net Fixed Assets 19.6 25.1 -21.9%
Net Fixed Assets to Equity 4.3 3.9 10.3%
Profitability Ratios
Percent Rate of Return on Assets 3.7 11.1 -66.7%
Percent Rate of Return on Equity 47.8 48.2 -0.8%
Coverage Ratios
Debt to Equity 11.8 10.4 13.5%
Cash Flow to Current Maturities Long-Term Debt 1.3 1.4 -7.1%
Times Interest Earned 1.6 4.6 -65.2%
Liquidity ratios measure a company’s ability to meet its maturing short-term obligations. In other words,
can a company quickly convert its assets to cash without a loss in value if necessary to meet its
short-term obligations? Favorable liquidity ratios are critical to a company and its creditors within a
business or industry that does not provide a steady and predictable cash flow. They are also a key
predictor of a company’s ability to make timely payments to creditors and to continue to meet
obligations to lenders when faced with an unforeseen event.
Current Ratio
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
This ratio reflects the number of times short-term assets cover short-term liabilities and is a fairly
accurate indication of a company's ability to service its current obligations. A higher number is preferred
because it indicates a strong ability to service short-term obligations. The composition of current assets
is a key factor in the evaluation of this ratio. Depending on the type of business or industry, current
assets may include slow-moving inventories that could potentially affect analysis of a company's liquidity
how long could it potentially take to convert raw materials and inventory into finished products? (For this
reason, the quick ratio may be preferable to the current ratio because it eliminates inventory and
prepaid expenses from this ratio for a more accurate gauge of a company's liquidity and ability to meet
short-term obligations.)
Quick Ratio
(Cash + Marketable Securities + Trade Accounts Receivable) / Current Liabilities
This ratio, also known as the acid test ratio, measures immediate liquidity - the number of times cash,
accounts receivable, and marketable securities cover short-term obligations. A higher number is
preferred because it suggests a company has a strong ability to service short-term obligations. This
ratio is a more reliable variation of the Current ratio because inventory, prepaid expenses, and other
less liquid current assets are removed from the calculation.
This ratio measures a company's ability to finance current operations. Working capital (current assets -
current liabilities) is another measure of liquidity and the ability to cover short-term obligations. This
ratio relates the ability of a company to generate sales using its working capital to determine how
efficiently working capital is being used. In general, a lower number is preferred because it indicates a
company has a satisfactory level of working capital. However, an exceptionally low number may
indicate inadequate sales levels are being generated.
The following list includes several suggestions Liberty Medical Group should consider to improve the
liquidity ratios:
Reduce days in accounts receivable to improve current assets by evaluating accounts receivable on a
more frequent basis and take a more assertive stance in the collection of accounts receivable and
delinquent accounts.
Prepare thorough cash forecasts and evaluate the company's ability to meet goals on a regular basis.
Consider paying off short-term obligations if the cash position of the company is favorable.
Consider converting short-term debt to long-term debt.
Reduce levels of non-moving inventory.
Activity ratios provide a useful gauge of a company's operations by determining, for example, the
average number of days it takes to collect on customer accounts and the average number of days to
pay vendors. A key point to keep in mind when evaluating these ratios is that seasonal fluctuations are
not necessarily reflected in the numbers that are derived from these calculations based on an account
balance on one single day.
The following list includes several suggestions Liberty Medical Group should consider to improve the
accounts receivable turnover and days sales in receivables ratios:
Prepare aging schedules to determine how long receivables have been outstanding. The company
should review these on a regular basis to look for patterns in delinquent accounts. Communicate with
customers and apply increasing pressure to pay as the number of days outstanding increases.
Develop a strategy to deal with problem customers and delinquent accounts.
Invoice customers in a timely manner.
Enforce credit policies to require credit references of new customers; to evaluate the credit currently
extended to each customer, and to update credit terms for your valuable and problem customer
accordingly.
Implement customer incentives to encourage prompt payment such as discounts and additional
products.
Sales to Assets
Sales / Total Assets
This ratio measures a company's ability to produce sales in relation to total assets to determine the
effectiveness of the company's asset base in producing sales. A higher number is preferred, indicating
that a company is using its assets to successfully generate sales. This ratio does not take into account
the depreciation methods employed by each company and should not be the only measure of
effectiveness of a company in this area.
This ratio measures a company's ability to effectively utilize its fixed assets to generate sales. This ratio
is similar to the sales to assets ratio, but it excludes current assets, long-term investments, intangible
assets, and other non-current assets. A higher number is desired, indicating that a company
productively uses its fixed assets to produce sales. This ratio does not take into account the
depreciation methods employed by each company and should not be the only measure of effectiveness
of a company in this area. In addition, fixed assets that are almost fully depreciated, and labor-intensive
operations may interfere with the interpretation of this ratio.
The following list includes several suggestions Liberty Medical Group should consider to improve the sales
to assets and sales to fixed assets ratios:
Consider leasing rather than purchasing assets, or consider purchasing used equipment.
Carefully evaluate all asset purchases to determine how the asset will directly and indirectly affect
sales. Be sure to consider maintenance costs, warranties, salvage values, and the impact of changing
technology in relation to the purchase of new equipment.
Consider liquidating under-utilized assets or developing alternative uses to generate revenue from
under-utilized assets.
Maintain detailed records for all assets the company currently owns or leases.
Ensure all equipment is properly maintained and evaluate its overall condition and effectiveness
within operations at least once a year.
Eliminate any unnecessary, extravagant assets. Assets should have a direct or indirect impact on
sales.
Set monthly or quarterly sales goals and provide incentives to salespeople.
Create customer promotions, offer discounts and expand product lines to encourage sales.
This ratio measures the extent to which investors' capital was used to finance productive assets. A
lower ratio indicates a proportionally smaller investment in fixed assets in relation to net worth, which is
desired by creditors in case of liquidation. Note that this ratio could appear deceptively low if a
significant number of a company's fixed assets are leased.
Profitability ratios measure a company’s ability to use its capital or assets to generate profits. Improving
profitability is a constant challenge for all companies and their management. Evaluating profitability
ratios is a key component in determining the success of a company. It is important to note that all
profitability ratio calculations are based on earnings before taxes.
This ratio measures how effectively a company's assets are being used to generate profits. It is one of
the most important ratios when evaluating the success of a business. A higher number reflects a well
managed company with a healthy return on assets. Heavily depreciated assets, a large number of
intangible assets, or any unusual income or expenses can easily distort this calculation.
This ratio expresses the rate of return on equity capital employed and measures the ability of a
company's management to realize an adequate return on the capital invested by the owners in a
company. A higher number is preferred for this commonly analyzed ratio.
The following list includes several suggestions Liberty Medical Group should consider to improve the
profitability ratios:
Require management to utilize budgets to track expenses on a regular basis, and identify those that
are out of line. Assign specific individuals or departments to be responsible for different cost centers.
Reduce operating costs. In general, one dollar saved in expense is worth at least three or four extra
sales dollars generated.
Negotiate with vendors to lower costs and have companies submit bids for large capital expenditures.
Consider leasing instead of purchasing assets or consider purchasing used equipment.
Consider liquidating under-utilized assets or creating alternative uses to generate revenue from under
-utilized assets.
Coverage ratios assess a company’s ability to meet its long-term obligations, remain solvent, and avoid
bankruptcy. It measures how well a company’s cash flow covers its short-term financial obligations.
Lenders evaluate coverage ratios to determine the degree to which a company could become
vulnerable when faced with economic downturns. A company with a high level of debt poses a higher
risk to long-term creditors and investors.
Debt to Equity
Total Liabilities / Total Equity
This ratio measures the financial leverage of a company by indicating what proportion of debt and equity
a company is using to finance its assets. A lower number suggests there is both a lower risk involved
for creditors and strong, long-term, financial security for a company.
This ratio measures how well cash flow from operations covers current maturities. Since cash flow is
necessary for debt retirement, this ratio reveals a company's capability to repay existing debt and to
take on additional debt. A higher number for this ratio is desired.
This ratio measures a company's ability to meet interest payments. A higher number is preferred,
suggesting a company can easily meet interest obligations and can potentially take on additional debt.
Note that this particular ratio uses earnings before interest and taxes because this is the income amount
available to cover interest.
The following list includes several suggestions Liberty Medical Group should consider to improve the
coverage ratios:
Examine the company’s debt to uncover areas needing improvement and create a long range action
plan to address these areas and pay down debt.
Increase equity by increasing earnings.
Minimize the overall amount of debt to decrease interest expenses.
Reduce interest payments by evaluating financing alternatives and possibly refinancing existing debt.
Expense to sales ratios express specific expense items as a percentage of net sales. Comparisons of
expenses are more meaningful because net sales is used as a constant. Extreme variations in these
ratios are most pronounced between capital- and labor-intensive industries.
This ratio measures depreciation expense as a percentage of sales and is based on a company's fixed
assets and how quickly they are being depreciated or amortized, relative to sales. Any depletion
expenses should be included in this ratio as well. Note that depreciation methods should also be
considered when evaluating this ratio.
This ratio measures owners' compensation (which includes salaries, bonuses, commissions, drawings
of partners, etc.) as a percentage of sales. The desired percentage may vary between companies
depending on their individual goals.
Assets
Liabilities
Additional Information
Owners Compensation $2,853,654 35.3% 35.3% 0.0%
Depreciation Expense $122,001 1.5% 1.5% 0.0%
Selling Expenses $0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Liberty Medical
Group Peer Group % Variance
Liquidity Ratios
Activity Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Percent Gross Profit 100.0 100.0 0.0%
Percent Profit Margin on Sales 0.6 0.5 20.0%
Percent Rate of Return on Assets 3.7 3.3 12.1%
Percent Rate of Return on Equity 47.8 40.9 16.9%
Price Earnings Ratio 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Earnings Per Share 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Coverage Ratios
Debt to Total Assets 0.9 0.9 0.0%
Percent Owners' Equity 7.8 8.0 -2.5%
Equity Multiplier 12.8 12.6 1.6%
Debt to Equity 11.8 11.6 1.7%
Cash Flow to Current Maturities Long-Term Debt 1.3 1.2 8.3%
Times Interest Earned 1.6 1.6 0.0%
Book Value Per Share 0.0 0.0 0.0%
Expense to Sales Ratios
Liquidity ratios measure a company’s ability to meet its maturing short-term obligations. In other words,
can a company quickly convert its assets to cash without a loss in value if necessary to meet its
short-term obligations? Favorable liquidity ratios are critical to a company and its creditors within a
business or industry that does not provide a steady and predictable cash flow. They are also a key
predictor of a company’s ability to make timely payments to creditors and to continue to meet
obligations to lenders when faced with an unforeseen event.
Current Ratio
Current Assets / Current Liabilities
This ratio reflects the number of times short-term assets cover short-term liabilities and is a fairly
accurate indication of a company's ability to service its current obligations. A higher number is preferred
because it indicates a strong ability to service short-term obligations. The composition of current assets
is a key factor in the evaluation of this ratio. Depending on the type of business or industry, current
assets may include slow-moving inventories that could potentially affect analysis of a company's liquidity
how long could it potentially take to convert raw materials and inventory into finished products? (For this
reason, the quick ratio may be preferable to the current ratio because it eliminates inventory and
prepaid expenses from this ratio for a more accurate gauge of a company's liquidity and ability to meet
short-term obligations.)
Quick Ratio
(Cash + Marketable Securities + Trade Accounts Receivable) / Current Liabilities
This ratio, also known as the acid test ratio, measures immediate liquidity - the number of times cash,
accounts receivable, and marketable securities cover short-term obligations. A higher number is
preferred because it suggests a company has a strong ability to service short-term obligations. This
ratio is a more reliable variation of the Current ratio because inventory, prepaid expenses, and other
less liquid current assets are removed from the calculation.
This ratio gauges the threat of insolvency for investors by calculating the number of days a company
can operate without any cash returns while meeting its basic operational costs. In general, this number
should be between 30 to 90 days.
This ratio represents a numerical ranking that predicts the potential for bankruptcy of a retail company.
In general, the lower the score, the higher the odds of bankruptcy. Companies with Z-Scores above 3
are considered to be healthy and therefore, unlikely to enter bankruptcy.
This ratio represents a numerical ranking that predicts the potential for bankruptcy of a manufacturing
company. In general, the lower the score, the higher the odds of bankruptcy. Companies with Z-Scores
above 3 are considered to be healthy and therefore unlikely to enter bankruptcy.
This ratio measures the dependency of working capital on the collection of receivables. A lower number
for this ratio is preferred, indicating that a company has a satisfactory level of working capital and
accounts receivable makes up an appropriate portion of current assets.
This ratio measures the dependency of working capital on inventory. A lower number for this ratio is
preferred indicating that a company has a satisfactory level of working capital and inventory makes up a
reasonable portion of current assets.
This ratio measures the degree to which a company's long-term debt has been used to replenish
working capital versus fixed asset acquisition.
This ratio measures a company's ability to finance current operations. Working capital (current assets -
current liabilities) is another measure of liquidity and the ability to cover short-term obligations. This
ratio relates the ability of a company to generate sales using its working capital to determine how
efficiently working capital is being used. In general, a lower number is preferred because it indicates a
company has a satisfactory level of working capital. However, an exceptionally low number may
indicate inadequate sales levels are being generated.
The following list includes several suggestions Liberty Medical Group should consider to improve the
liquidity ratios:
Reduce days in accounts receivable to improve current assets by evaluating accounts receivable on a
more frequent basis and take a more assertive stance in the collection of accounts receivable and
delinquent accounts.
Prepare thorough cash forecasts and evaluate the company's ability to meet goals on a regular basis.
Consider paying off short-term obligations if the cash position of the company is favorable.
Consider converting short-term debt to long-term debt.
Reduce levels of non-moving inventory.
Activity ratios provide a useful gauge of a company's operations by determining, for example, the
average number of days it takes to collect on customer accounts and the average number of days to
pay vendors. A key point to keep in mind when evaluating these ratios is that seasonal fluctuations are
not necessarily reflected in the numbers that are derived from these calculations based on an account
balance on one single day.
This ratio measures the number of times receivables turn over in a year and reveals how successful a
company is in collecting its outstanding receivables. A higher number is preferred because it indicates
a shorter time between sales and cash collection.
This ratio measures the average number of days a company's receivables are outstanding. A lower
number of days is desired. An increase in the number of days receivables are outstanding indicates an
increased possibility of late payment by customers. Companies should attempt to reduce the number of
days sales in receivables in order to increase cash flow. The general rule used is that the time allowed
for payment by the selling terms should not be exceeded by more than 10 or 15 days.
This ratio calculates the total conversion period for a company, or in other words, the average number
of days it takes to convert inventory into cash from sales. It is calculated by adding together the days
cost of sales in inventory to the days sales in receivables. Evaluating this ratio can be helpful in
gauging the effectiveness of marketing, determining credit terms to extend to customers, and collecting
outstanding accounts.
Sales to Assets
Sales / Total Assets
This ratio measures a company's ability to produce sales in relation to total assets to determine the
effectiveness of the company's asset base in producing sales. A higher number is preferred, indicating
that a company is using its assets to successfully generate sales. This ratio does not take into account
the depreciation methods employed by each company and should not be the only measure of
effectiveness of a company in this area.
This ratio measures a company's ability to effectively utilize its fixed assets to generate sales. This ratio
is similar to the sales to assets ratio, but it excludes current assets, long-term investments, intangible
assets, and other non-current assets. A higher number is desired, indicating that a company
productively uses its fixed assets to produce sales. This ratio does not take into account the
depreciation methods employed by each company and should not be the only measure of effectiveness
of a company in this area. In addition, fixed assets that are almost fully depreciated, and labor-intensive
operations may interfere with the interpretation of this ratio.
This ratio measures the reasonableness and consistency of a company's depreciation expense over
time.
This ratio measures the cumulative percentage of productive asset costs a company has allocated to
operations.
This ratio measures the extent to which investors' capital was used to finance productive assets. A
lower ratio indicates a proportionally smaller investment in fixed assets in relation to net worth, which is
desired by creditors in case of liquidation. Note that this ratio could appear deceptively low if a
significant number of a company's fixed assets are leased.
Profitability ratios measure a company’s ability to use its capital or assets to generate profits. Improving
profitability is a constant challenge for all companies and their management. Evaluating profitability
ratios is a key component in determining the success of a company. It is important to note that all
profitability ratio calculations are based on earnings before taxes.
This ratio measures the gross profit earned on sales and reports how much of each sales dollar is
available to cover operating expenses and contribute to profits.
This ratio measures how much profit a company makes on each sales dollar received and how well a
company could potentially deal with higher costs or lower sales in the future.
This ratio measures how effectively a company's assets are being used to generate profits. It is one of
the most important ratios when evaluating the success of a business. A higher number reflects a well
managed company with a healthy return on assets. Heavily depreciated assets, a large number of
intangible assets, or any unusual income or expenses can easily distort this calculation.
This ratio expresses the rate of return on equity capital employed and measures the ability of a
company's management to realize an adequate return on the capital invested by the owners in a
company. A higher number is preferred for this commonly analyzed ratio.
Coverage ratios assess a company’s ability to meet its long-term obligations, remain solvent, and avoid
bankruptcy. It measures how well a company’s cash flow covers its short-term financial obligations.
Lenders evaluate coverage ratios to determine the degree to which a company could become
vulnerable when faced with economic downturns. A company with a high level of debt poses a higher
risk to long-term creditors and investors.
This ratio measures what proportion of debt a company is carrying relative to its assets. A ratio value
greater than one indicates a company has more debt than assets. Naturally, companies and creditors
prefer a lower number.
This ratio measures what proportion of total assets was provided by the owners equity. The higher the
number the more total capital has been contributed by owners and the less by creditors.
Equity Multiplier
Total Assets / Total Equity
This ratio measures the extent to which a company uses debt to finance its assets. The higher the
number is, the more a company is relying on debt to finance its assets.
Debt to Equity
Total Liabilities / Total Equity
This ratio measures the financial leverage of a company by indicating what proportion of debt and equity
a company is using to finance its assets. A lower number suggests there is both a lower risk involved
for creditors and strong, long-term, financial security for a company.
This ratio measures how well cash flow from operations covers current maturities. Since cash flow is
necessary for debt retirement, this ratio reveals a company's capability to repay existing debt and to
take on additional debt. A higher number for this ratio is desired.
This ratio measures a company's ability to meet interest payments. A higher number is preferred,
suggesting a company can easily meet interest obligations and can potentially take on additional debt.
Note that this particular ratio uses earnings before interest and taxes because this is the income amount
available to cover interest.
The following list includes several suggestions Liberty Medical Group should consider to improve the
coverage ratios:
Examine the company’s debt to uncover areas needing improvement and create a long range action
plan to address these areas and pay down debt.
Increase equity by increasing earnings.
Minimize the overall amount of debt to decrease interest expenses.
Reduce interest payments by evaluating financing alternatives and possibly refinancing existing debt.
Expense to sales ratios express specific expense items as a percentage of net sales. Comparisons of
expenses are more meaningful because net sales is used as a constant. Extreme variations in these
ratios are most pronounced between capital- and labor-intensive industries.
This ratio measures depreciation expense as a percentage of sales and is based on a company's fixed
assets and how quickly they are being depreciated or amortized, relative to sales. Any depletion
expenses should be included in this ratio as well. Note that depreciation methods should also be
considered when evaluating this ratio.
This ratio measures owners' compensation (which includes salaries, bonuses, commissions, drawings
of partners, etc.) as a percentage of sales. The desired percentage may vary between companies
depending on their individual goals.
Assets
Liabilities
Other Income $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Other Expenses $16,360 $15,542 $15,231 $15,076 $14,749
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes $117,759 $120,533 $132,792 $139,341 $134,617
Additional Information
Owners Compensation $2,853,654 $2,796,581 $2,810,564 $2,768,615 $2,712,683
Depreciation Expense $122,001 $115,901 $113,583 $112,424 $115,437
Selling Expenses $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Liquidity Ratios
Activity Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Percent Gross Profit 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Percent Profit Margin on Sales 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9
Percent Rate of Return on Assets 3.7 4.5 5.9 6.5 6.3
Percent Rate of Return on Equity 47.8 65.8 85.9 85.7 75.2
Price Earnings Ratio 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Earnings Per Share 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coverage Ratios
Debt to Total Assets 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Percent Owners' Equity 7.8 6.9 6.8 7.6 8.4
Equity Multiplier 12.8 14.5 14.6 13.1 12.0
Debt to Equity 11.8 13.5 13.6 12.1 11.0
Cash Flow to Current Maturities Long Term Debt 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3
Times Interest Earned 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1
Book Value Per Share 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Expense to Sales Ratios
Percent Depreciation to Sales 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6
Percent Owners' Compensation to Sales 35.3 36.1 37.0 36.8 36.4