RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS LESSONS 1 AND 2 The Philippines in the 19Th Century (Before and After Rizal’s

ry (Before and After Rizal’s Birth

Primary Resources: Filipinos already knew what is right and wrong before the Spaniards came.
They are also known as friendly.
1) Relics or remains – past or their existence. (Ex: National Museum)
2) Rizal’s Park or Monument – Ex: Rizal’s body was first buried in Paco The sinister shadows of Spain's decadence darkened Philippine skies. The
Cemetery. Filipino people agonized beneath the yoke Of Spanish misrule, for they were
3) Testimonies – written reports that describe the event (Ex: official website unfortunate victims of the evils of unjust, bigoted, and deteriorating colonial
like the National Historical Commission of the Philippines). They study power. Problems started in the Philippines when Charles the 7th mishandled
the left pieces of evidence. his power.
4) Narrative or Literary Source – Ex: El Filibusterismo, Noli Me Tangere,
Poems or Rizal, and Rizal’s Mi Ultimo A Dios ELEVEN EVIL COLONIAL POWER
5) Social Documents – Pictures or written evidence (Rizal’s letters to his 1) Instability Colonial Administration - This political instability in Spain
lovers) adversely affected Philippine affairs because it brought about frequent
6) Written or Oral Sources: and periodic changes in colonial policies and periodic rigodon (cycle or
 Primary Resources – stated by the eye of a witness of an event. changes of governor-generals in managing Spain’s colonials) of colonial
 Secondary Resources – Stated by ng mga pinagkwentuhan. officials.
Mutual Understanding – nakakapagpalagayang loob  King Ferdinand VII (1808-1833) - Frequent shift of policies owing to
struggle between Liberalism and despotism; From 1835 - 1897 there
Leonor Katigbak – Rizal’s pal lover but their communication was stopped were 50 Governor generals assigned in the Philippines.
when her mother interrupted all Rizal’s letters for her. Wore a black wedding
gown at her wedding. 2) Corrupt Colonial Officials

Republic Act. 1425 (Rizal’s Law) – A mandate that Rizal’s life and works  The colonial officials C Governors - generals, judges, provincial
should be taught and included in the curriculum. (Authored by Claro Recto) executives, etc) sent by Spain to the Philippines in the 19th century were
a far cry from their ability and dedicated predecessors of the 16th, 17th,
Reasons why it is implemented: and 18th centuries.

1) To increase nationalism – Many Filipinos are losing their identity. They were either highly corrupt, incompetent, cruel, or venal.
2) Senate Bill 448 – It must give knowledge to people to awaken our
thoughts of what Spaniards did to us.  General Rafael de Izquierdo C1871-1973)
 Anarchy – small places ruled by the elders.  A boastful and ruthless governor-general aroused the anger of the
 Narcisso Claveria – Alphabetically arranged Filipinos’ surnames. Filipinos by executing the innocent Fathers Marian Gomez, Jose
3) To understand better Rizal’s works and Rizal himself. Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, the Martyrs OF 1972"
4) The Rizal subject should be part of the curriculum itself. (Claro Recto  Forced Filipino priests to send to provinces by keeping with General
made Rizal’s Life a law, which was sponsored by Jose P. Laurel) Raphael.
 (July 11, 1901) Act 137 – All provinces must be named after Rizal to  Admiral Jose Malcampo C1874-1877)
honor him.  He was a good Moro - Fighter but was an inept and weak
 Act 243 – Gives authorization for public subscription to all Rizal’s administrator
monuments.  General Fernando Primo de Rivera (1980-883 and 1891-1898)
 Act. 345 – Celebrate Rizal’s death which signifies the martyrdom of  Governor-general for two terms.
Rizal.  enriched himself by accepting bribes from gambling casinos in Manila
 Bonifacio’s death is not being celebrated as he was killed by his which he scandalously permitted to operate.
fellow Filipinos.  Sugarol
 General Valeriano Weyler (1888-1891)
 
A cruel corrupt governor-general of Hispanic - German ancestry,  Justice was costly partial, and slow. Poor Filipinos have no access to
arrived in Manila as a poor man and returned to Spain as a courts. To the Filipino masses, litigation in the court was a calamity.
millionaire. He received huge bribes and gifts of diamonds from
7) Racial Discrimination
wealthy Chinese who evaded the anti-Chinese law.
 General Camilo De Polavieja (1894-1897)  Spain introduced Christianity's egalitarian concept of the Brotherhood of
 An able militarist but heartless governor-general was widely detested All Men under God the Father, but Filipinos were regarded as inferior
by the Filipino People for executing Dr. Rizal’s beings underserving the rights enjoyed by the Spaniards.
 Spaniards derisively called brown-skinned, flat-nosed Filipinos "Indios"
3) Philippine Representation in Spanish Cortes
(Indian).

Accordingly, the Philippines experienced its first period of  Lack Of Opportunities for educated young Filipinos to rise in the service
representation in the Cortes from 18 10 to 1913. of God and their country.
 Ventura Delos Reyes - the first Philippine delegate who took an active
8) Frailocracy
part in the Framing of the Constitution of 1812, the Spanish
democratic constitution, and was one of its 184 signers. Unfortunately, Union of church and state.
the representation of the overseas colonies in the Spanish Cortes was Friars (Augustinians, Dominicans, and Franciscans) - controlled the religious and
abolished in 1837. educational life of the Philippines, and later in the 19th century, they came to
 Graciano Lopez Jaena acquire tremendous political power, influence, and riches.
 Was one of the patriots who valiantly pleaded for the restoration of Friars controlled the government from governor-general down to alcalde
Philippine representation in the Cortes, but declined. mayores.
 No wonder, Jose Rizal, MH. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, and Friars exercise priestly duties, supervise elections inspectors OFC books and
other youthful patriots launched the Propaganda Movement, which taxes, arbiters of morals, censor of books and comedians, superintendents of
paved the way for the Philippine Revolution of 1896. public works, and guardians of peace and order.
Rizal, del Pilat, Jaena, and other Filipino reformists blamed Frailocracy/Friars for
4) Human Rights denied to Filipinos obscurantism, fanaticism, and oppression in the country.
 The Spanish authorities who cherished these human rights or Three Friars served as governor-generals:
constitutional liberties C Spanish constitution of 1812) denied them to the
Filipinos in Asia. 1) Archbishop Francisco Dela Cuesta
 Such inconsistency was lamented by Sinibalcio De Mas, a Spanish evo 2) Manuel Rojo del Rio
no mist and diplomat. 3) Juan Arrechedera

5) No Equality Before the Law 9) Forced Labor (Polo Y Servicio) - compulsory labor imposed by the
Spanish colonial authorities on adult Filipino males in the construction of
 Filipinos were abused, brutalized, persecuted, and slandered. churches, schools, hospitals, buildings, roads and bridges, ships, etc. Filipino
 Spanish missionaries thought that all men irrespective of color and race are males from 16 to 60 years old were obliged to render forced labor for 40 days
children of God and as such, they are brothers, equal before God and not a year.
before the law, not in practice.
 Leyes de Indias Claws of the Indies) rarely enforced.  July 12, 1883 - Royal Decree changing the system OF Polo y Servicio is
 Spanish civil code imposed light penalties on Spaniards but heavier on native issued to wealthy ones able to evade Forced labor by paying falla, a sum
Filipinos. of money.

6) Maladministration of Justice

 The Courts of justice were notoriously corrupt. Judges, fiscals, and court
officials were inept, venal, and oftentimes ignorant of law.
 ADVENT OF A NATIONAL HERO  He has asymmetrical eyes. (Kirat)
 Photogenic- he knows how to angle himself in cameras.
 Dr. Jose P. Rizal -was born on the moonlit night of Wednesday, June 19,  Genealogy – the study of ancestry and Family histories. Expert in this
1861, in the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna Province, Philippines. field is called genealogists. Chinese Ancestry
 His mother almost died during the delivery because of his big head. Her
seemingly miraculous survival was attributed to Our Lady of Peace and CHINESE ANCESTRY
Good Voyage.
 He was baptized in the catholic church of his town on June 22, 1861, Domingo Lam-co
aged, three days old by the parish priest, Father Rufino Collantes, who
was a Batangueño. His god rather (Ninong) was Father Pedro Casañas,  Rizal's paternal ancestor, Lamco, was a native of the Chin chew district
a native of Calamba and a close friend of Rizal's family. - "Jose" was in China
chosen by his mother, a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St.  He was baptized in the Parian church of San Gabriel on a Sunday in
Joseph). June 1697.
 Spoke in over 20 languages.  Siang-co and Zun-nio was the name of his parents.
 Not only a hero and political martyr.  Lam-Co took the name Domingo, the Spanish term for Sunday.
 A man with many talents  He was married to Inez Dela Rosa, who was half his age.
 Many splendored genius Inez Dela Rosa
Rizal: A Manly-splendored Genius  Her Father was Augustin Chinco, also a Chinese chin chew, and married
 Physician (Opthalmic surgeon) Jacinta Rafaela, a Chinese mestizo in Parian.
 Poet - wrote over 35 poems including his famous Ultimo Adios.  They have six children named Magdalena Vergara, Josepha, Cristoval
 Historian - his annotation of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas de la Trinidad, Juan Batista, Francisco Hong-Sun, Inez dela Rosa.
Filipinas entitled him as one. MERCADO CLAN
 Farmer-Businessman - he had a partner in Dapitan in the Abaca
business there. (1892-1896) Domingo Lam-co
 Sculptor - his works of his Father and of Father Guerrico, S.J. typified his
 Rizal's great-great-grandfather
sculptural ability.
 A Chinese immigrant from Chiang - chow
- “The Triumph of Science over death" is Rizal's famous
 Arrived in Manila in about 1690
sculpture.
 Was baptized, and married Ines Dela Rosa.
 Cartographer - He drew maps of Dapitan, The Philippines, and other
 Took the Surname “Mercado" in 1731
places he visited.
 Bibliophile - he had a big library and brought many books abroad. Paternal Side
 Philologist- Rizal love of learning and literature is unequaled.
 Philosopher - Rizal not only loved wisdom but also regulated his life and  Francisco Mercado
enjoyed the calmness of life at all times. - Son of Domingo and Inez
 Sportsman - He Fenced with Europeans and Germans, and Juan Luna - Rizal's great grandfather
and other Friends in Europe. - Married Cirila Bernacha
- He could shoot a target 20 meters away. - Resided in Biñan, Laguna
 Rizal's delivery was exceedingly difficult and his mother almost died. - Was elected as Gobernadorcillo of Biñan
 Her seemingly miraculous survival was attributed to 10 Our Lady of  Juan Mercado
Peace and Good Voyage. - Son Of Francisco and Cirila
 His Full name is Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda. - Rizal's grandfather
 Rizal has a big head. - Married to Cirila Alejandro
- Was also elected Gobernadorcillo of Binan - Rizal's Mother
- Had thirteen children - Born on November 8, 1826
 Francisco Mercado - Studied at the college of Santa Rosa
- Youngest son of Juan and Cirila - Died on August 16, 1911, at the age of 84
- Rizal's Father - One Of the most highly educated women in the Philippines.
- Lost his father at the age of 8 - A gifted woman with insights into literature, arts, music, and other forms
- Married Teodora of Philippine culture.
- Settled in Calamba, Laguna - A Fine mathematician, gourmet cook, interior decorator, and collector of
- Engaged in farming and business fine books.

ALONZO CLAN The Rizal Children

 Lakandula  Saturnina (1850-1913)

- Last king of Tondo - Neneng
- Eldest of the Rizal children and married to Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of
 Euegenio Ursua Tanauan, Batangas.
- Teodora's great-grandfather - Have 5 children.
- was of Japanese ancestry - She published Pascual H. Poblete's translation of the Noli Me Tangere
- Married to Benigna (a Filipina)  Paciano (1851-1930)
- Maternal side - 19 years old and was the oldest boy in the family.
- He joined the revolutionary army and rose to the rank of Major General.
 Regina Ursua - He learned English through self-study and his favorite periodical was the
- Daughter of Eugenio and Benigna Philippine Free Press.
- Married Atty. Manuel de Quintos - He was with Severina Decena
 Narcisa (1852-1939)
 Brigida de Quintos - Sisa
- Daughter Of Regina and Atty. Guintos - Married to Antonio Lopez, a school Master From Morong.
- Married Alberto Alonso - It is said that Sisa could recite the memory of all the poems of Rizal.
- Has five children - Her son, Leoncio, is a physician and professor at the College of
Medicine, UST.
RIZAL'S PARENTS  Olympia (1855-1987)
- Ypia
 FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL
- Married to Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator in Manila.
- Youngest son of Juan and Cirila
- Died in 1987 from childbirth.
- Rizal's Father
- Her son Aristeo is a retired physician and professor at the Philippine
- Lost his father at the age of 8
General Hospital and the College of Medicine, UP.
- Married Teodora
- Settled in Calamba, Laguna  Lucia (1957-1919)
- Died on January 5, 1898, at the age of 80 - Married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, a farmer, and nephew of Father
- He studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose Pedro Casanas.
- He became a tenant of Calamba - Mariano died of cholera in 1989 and was denied a Christian burial,
- He was born on May 11, 1818, in Biñan, Laguna because was a brother-in-law of Jose Rizal.
- One of the daughters of Delfina helped Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo make the
first Flipino Flag in Hongkong.
 TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA
 Maria (1859-1945) - With nostalgic feeling, he also remembered the happy moonlit nights at
- Biang the azotea after the rosary.
- Married Daniel Faustino Cruz Of Biñan, Laguna. - The aya-related stories to Rizal children many stories about fairies; tales
- Mauricio was one of the children of Maria and Faustino who were killed of buried treasure and trees with blooming diamonds, and other fabulous
by the Japanese in 1945. stories.
- Gemma Cruz, the First Filipino to bring home an international beauty title - Sometimes, when he did not like to take his supper, the aya would
is a descendant Family of Rizal. threaten him that the aswang, the nuno, the tigbalang, or a terrible would
 Jose (1861-1896) bearded Bombay would come to take him away if he would not eat his
- Pepe supper.
- Second son and seventh child - Another memory of his infancy was the nocturnal walk in the town,
- He became the national hero especially when there was a moon.
- He's married to Josephine Bracken, a pretty Irish from Hongkong. - Recounting this childhood experience, Rizal wrote: "Thus my heart fed
 Concepcion (1862-1865) on sombre and melancholy thoughts so that even still a child, I already
- She died at the age of three wandered on wings of fantasy in the high regions of the unknown."
- Concha
The Hero's First Sorrow
 Josefa (1865-1945)
- Panggoy - The Rizal children were bound together by the ties of love and
- Epileptic companionship.
- Died a spinster - Their parents taught them to love one another, to behave properly in front
 Trinidad (1948-1951) of elders, to be truthful and religious, and to help one another.
- Trining - They affectionately called their father Tatay, and mother Nanay. Jose was
- She did not marry jokingly called Ute by his brother and sisters. The people in Calamba
- The last of the Family died at the age of 83. knew him as Pepe or Pepito.
 Soledad (1910-1929) - Of his sisters, Jose loved most little Concha (Concepcion). He was one
- Choleng year older than Concha. He played with her, and from her, he learned the
- She was married to Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba. sweetness of brotherly love. Unfortunately, Concha died of sickness in
- She studied at La Concordia college where she and Leonor Rivera were 1865 when he was 3 years old.
classmates. - Jose, who was very fond of her, cried bitterly to lose her.
- One of the five children of Soledad and Pantaleon was Amelia, married
First Education from Mother
to Bernabe Malvar, son of General Migul Malvar.
- Jose's first teacher was his mother.
- At the age of 3, Jose learned the alphabet and from her. prayers Seeing
Rizal's Early Childhood Memories Rizal had a talent for poetry, she encouraged him to write poems.
- She gave her all her love and all that she learned in college.
- The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family
garden. The Story of the Moth
- Because he was a frail, sickly, and undersized child, he was given the
- Of the story told by Dona Teodora to Jose, it was that of the young moth
most tender care by his parents.
made the profoundest impression on him.
- His father built a nipa cottage in the garden for him to play in the daytime.
- The tragic fate of the young moth, which died a martyr to its illusions, left
- Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By nightfall,
a deep impress on Rizal's mind.
Rizal related, his mother gathered all the children at the house to pray
the Angelus. Rizal's Three Uncles
- There were 3 uncles, brothers of his mother, who played a great part in Kapagka ang baya'y sadyang umiibig sa kanyang salitang kaloob ng langit,
the early education of Rizal.
Sanlang kalayaan nasa ring masapit
- Uncle Gregorio was a lover of books. He instilled into the mind of his
nephew a great love for books. He taught him to work hard, to think for Katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid.
himself, and to observe life keenly.
- Uncle Jose, who had been educated at Calcutta, India, was the youngest Pagka't ang salita'y isang kahatulan
brother of Dona Teodora. He encouraged his nephew to paint, sketch, Sa bayan, sa nayo't mga kaharian,
and sculpture.
- Uncle Manuel was a big, strong, and husky man. He looked after the At ang isang tao'y katulad, kabagay
physical training of his sickly and weak nephew. He encouraged Rizal to
Ng alin mang likha noong kalayaan.
learn swimming, fencing, wrestling, and other sports so that in later years
Rizal's frail body acquired agility, endurance, and strength.

Artistic Talents Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita

- Since early childhood, Rizal revealed his God-given talents for the arts. Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda,
- He drew sketches and pictures in his books of his sisters, for which
Kaya ang marapat pagyamaning kusa Na tulad sa inang tunay na nagpala.
reason he was scolded by his mother. He carved figures of animals and
persons out of wood. Even before he learned to read, he could already
sketch pictures of birds, flowers, fruits, rivers, mountains, animals, and
Ang wikang Tagalog tulad din sa Latin Sa Ingles, Kastila at salitang anghel,
persons.
- Jose had a soul of a genuine artist. Sapagka't ang Poong maalam tumingin Ang siyang naggawad, nagbigay sa
- He loved to ride on a spirited pony (which his father bought for him) or atın.
take long walks in the meadows for him) or take long walks in the
meadows and lakeshore with his big black dog named Usman.
- In his room, he kept many statuettes that he made out of clay and wax. Ang salita nati'y huwad din sa iba
- At one time, his sisters teased him: "Ute, what are you doing with so
many statuettes?" He replied: Don't you know that people will erect Na may alfabeto at sariling letra,
monuments and statues in my honor for the future?" Na kaya nawala'y dinatnan ng sigwa
Rizal's Early Writings Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.
- In 1868, before he was eight years old, he wrote a Tagalog drama. This
drama was staged in Calamba in connection with the town fiesta.
- At an early age when children usually begin to learn ABC, he was Rizal's Early Education
already writing poems.
- As Jose grew older, his parents employed private tutors to give him
- The first known poem that he wrote was a Tagalog poem entitled Sa
lessons at home.
Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children).
- The first was Maestro Celestino and the second, Maestro Lucas Padua.
- His mother was a strong influence on his education and helped develop
Later, an old man named Leon Monroy, a former classmate of Rizal's
his early interest in poetry, music, and European literature.
father, became the boy's tutor. This old teacher lived at the Rizal home
- Readings in Tagalog poetry and daily assignments in Philippine History
and instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately, he did not lived
by his mother inculcated in him a sense of Filipino culture. Rizal's deep
long. He died five months later.
love for his mother was expressed in the poem "Mother's Birthday."
- After a Monroy's death, the hero's parents decided to send their gifted
Sa Aking mga Kababata son to a private school in Biñan.
 outside the school, and even told lies to discredit him before the
teacher's eyes. Consequently, the teacher had to punish Jose.

Jose Goes to Biñan

Rizal's Early Religions Formation
- One Sunday afternoon in June, 1869, Jose, after kissing the hands of his
parents and a tearful parting from his sister, left Calamba for Biñan. He - Young Rizal was a religious boy. A scion of a Catholic clan, born and
was accompanied by Paciano, who acted as his second father. bred in a wholesome atmosphere of Catholicism, and possessed of an
- They proceeded to their aunt's house, where Jose was to lodge. It was inborn spirit, Rizal grew up a good Catholic
almost night when they arrived, and the moon was about to rise. - At the age of 3, he began to take part in the family prayers. When he was
- That same night, Jose, with his cousin named Leandro, went sightseeing five years old, he was able to read haltingly the family bible.
in the town. Instead of enjoying the sights, Jose became depressed - He loved to go to church to pray, to take part in novenas, and to join the
because of homesickness. religious processions. It is said that he was so seriously devout that he
- "In the moonlight, I remembered my home town, my idolized mother, and was laughingly called Manong Jose by the Hermanos and Hermanas
my solicitous sisters. Ah, how sweet to me was Calamba, my own town, Terceras.
in spite of the fact that was not as wealthy as Biñan." - One of the men he esteemed and respected in Calamba during his
boyhood was the scholarly Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest.
First Day in Biñan School - On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father left for Calamba to go on a
- The next morning (Monday) Paciano brought his younger brother to the pilgrimage to Antipolo, in order to fulfill his mother's vow which was made
school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. when Rizal was born.
- Paciano knew the teacher quite well because he had been a pupil under - It was the first trip of Jose across Laguna de Bay and his pilgrimage to
him before. He introduced Jose to the teacher, after which he departed to Antipolo. He was thrilled, as a typical boy should, by his first lake voyage.
return to Calamba. Immediately, Jose was assigned his seat in the class. - He did not sleep the whole night as the casco sailed towards the Pasig
The teacher asked him: River because he was awed by " the magnificence of the watery expanse
- "Do you know Spanish?" and the silence of the night.
- "A little, sir," replied the Calamba lad. - After praying at the shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo, Jose and his father
- "Do you know Latin?" went to Manila.
- "A little, sir." SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS AT ATENEO DE MANILA (1872-1877)
- The boys in the class, especially Pedro, the teacher's son laughed at
Jose's answers. The teacher sharply stopped all noises and begun the Ateneo de Manila 1872-1877
lessons of the day.
- Jose described his teacher in Biñan as follows: - Four months after the martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za and Doña Teodora still
- "He was tall, thin, long-necked, with sharp nose and a body slightly bent in prison. Jose was sent to manila
forward, and he used to wear a sinamay shirt, woven by the skilled - He studied in Ateneo Municipal, a college under the supervision of
hands of the women of Batangas. He knew by the heart the grammars by Jesuits
Nebrija and Gainza. Add to this severity that in my judgement was - Formerly known as Escuela Pia (school for poor boys)
exaggerated and you have a picture, perhaps vague, that I have made of - A bitter rival of the Dominican-owned College of San Juan de Letran
him, but I remember only this." - Now known as Ateneo de Manila
- In academic studies, Jose beat all Biñan boys. He surpassed them all in RIZAL ENTERS THE ATENEO
Spanish, Latin, and other subjects.
- Some of his older classmates were jealous of his intellectual superiority. - June 1872 Accompanied by Paciano, Jose went to manila to study in
They wickedly squealed to the teacher whenever Jose had a fight ateneo
- First his father wished him to study in Letran, but changed his mind and - March 1873 Rizal returned to Calamba for summer vacation
decided to send him to Ateneo instead. - He did not particularly enjoy because his mother was still in prison
- Fr. Margin Fernando (Fernando) deterred him from his matriculation - Saturnina brought him to Tanawan to cheer him up. It did not cure his
because: melancholy
- He is late for registration - He secretly went to Santa Cruz to visit her mother
- He appeared to be frail and sickly
- But through the aid of Manuel Xerez Burgos, he was accepted in Ateneo. Second Year in Ateneo (1873-74)
- Jose was the first of his family to use the surname "Rizal" - Jose regretted having neglected his studies He studied harder and
- To avoid any association to the martyred Fr. Jose Burgos. once more became "emperor"
- He first boarded in a house outside Intramuros. - There were new classmates among them are 3 boys from Biñan who
Jesuit System of Education had been his classmate in the school of Maestro Justiniano

- Jesuits system of education is more advanced than other colleges in that PROPHECY OF MOTHER'S RELEASE
period They give emphasis to: - Summer vacation
- rigid discipline - He returned to Calamba March 1874 with such scholastic honors
- character building - Rizal immediately go to Sta Cruz in order to visit her mother
- religious instructions - The prophecy of Rizal to his mother that in 3 month's time Doña Teodora
 They established: would be released from prison
- Physical culture
- Humanities Teenage interest in Reading
- Scientific Studies
- During this year Rizal got interested in reading romantic novels
- TWO GROUPS OF STUDENT:
- He convinced his father to buy a whole set of Historia Universal by Cesar
- Roman Empire (internos /boarders) - RED FLAG
Cantu saying that it is a required book for class.
- Carthaginian Empire (externos /non-boarders) -BLUE FLAG
- His first favorite novel was The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander
- 5 RANKS: EMPEROR, TRIBUNE, DECURION, CENTURION,
Dumas
STANDARD BEARER
- Jose read a book Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor, a
- RAYADILLO - official uniform
German scientist-traveler.
RIZAL’S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO - A prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that
America would come to succeed her as colonizer.
- He heard mass on the first day of classes for success and guidance.
- The went in a class composed of peninsular Spaniards: Insulars, Fourth Year in Ateneo
Mestizos, and Natives
- Rizal became an Intern in Ateneo (June 16, 1875)
- He placed bottom of the class
- Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez a great educator and scholar inspired
- He progressed rapidly and at the end of the month he became "emperor"
Rizal to study harder and to write poetry
of Carthaginians
- He won 5 medals in the end of the school term
- To improve knowledge in Spanish, he took private lessons in Sta Isabel
- Returned to Calamba for his summer vacation (March 1876)
College during break time.
- Paid for 3 pesos for those lessons GRADUATION WITH HIGHEST HONORS
- At the second half of his first year, Rizal held back, yet he placed second
at the end of the year. - Rizal became successful in Ateneo He got the highest grade in all
- Grades remained excellent. subjects:
- Philosophy
SUMMER VACATION 1873 - Physics
- Biology - "The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education"
- Chemistry - Religion: Al nino Jesus (To the Child Jesus)
- Language
- He was "the pride of the Jesuits". DRAMATIC WORKS IN ATENEO
- He obtained the highest grades in all subjects - Father Sanchez- Requested Rizal to write a drama based on the
- March 23, 1877 Commencement Day purpose story of St. Eustace the Martyr
- Received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors - San Eustacio, Martir
- Prayed at the college chapel: "to the Virgin so that when I should step
into that world, which inspired me with so much terror, she would protect
me,"
FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL
EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN ATENEO
- Segunda Katigbak - 14 years old Batanguena from Lipa
- Marian Congregation-secretary: devotion to Our lady of Immaculate - Visited his maternal grand mother in Trozo Manila with his friend
Conception - Spanish Literature Academy of Natural Sciences (societies Mario Katigbak
in Ateneo) - Segunda's portrait
- Father Sanchez - Literature - Came to know Segunda more intimately during his weekly visits to
- Father Jose Villaclara - practical studies La Concordia College
- Agustin Saez - painting - "a love at first sight"
- Romualdo de Jesus - sculpting - Hopeless Segunda is engaged to Manuel Luz
- Tio Manuel - gymnastics and fencing - Thursday - December 1877; Visited her at La Concordia College to
say goodbye
SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO - First Romance" ruined by his own shyness and reserve,"
- Image of Virgin Mary -batikuling (Philippine hardwood using a pocket
knife)
- Father Lleonart requested him to carve the image of Sacred Heart of
Jesus

ANECDOTES ON RIZAL, THE ATENEAN

- Felix M. Roxas - resignation to pain and forgiveness

- Mansano and Lesaca - quarreled and violently hurled books at each
other
- Manuel Xeres Burgos- boarded shortly
- Julio Meliza from iloilo - crying because of the kite

POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO 1876

- El Heroismo de Colon (Heroism of Columbus)

- Colon y Juan II (Columbus and John II)
- Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha (Great solace in Great
misfortune)
- Un Dialogo Alusivo a la Despedida de los Colegiales (A farewell
Dialogue of the Students)
- Education: "Through education our mother receives light"