Lec # 21 Starting Methods of Single Phase Induction Motors
Lec # 21 Starting Methods of Single Phase Induction Motors
INDUCTION MOTORS
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Auxiliary windings are smaller - diameter wires.
The centrifugal switch (phase splitter) that cuts the auxiliary windings out of the circuit when motor approaches
operating speed.
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Split – Phase Windings / Resistance Start Motor
With two stator windings, (1) main stator winding (M) and (2) an auxiliary starting winding (A) is shown
in the figure.
These two windings are 90 electrical degrees apart along the stator.
Auxiliary winding is designed to be switched out of the circuit some set speed by a centrifugal switch.
The auxiliary winding is designed to have a higher resistance to reactance ratio than the main windings.
RA R
M
XA XM
Therefore the current in the auxiliary winding lead the current in the main winding. [??]
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Higher R/X ratio is usually accomplished by using smaller wire for the auxiliary winding. Auxiliary is
only used for starting and do not take full current continuously.
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Equivalent Circuit of Split – Phase Motor
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Locked Rotor Torque (split – phase induction motor)
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PROBLEM
The main and auxiliary windings of a hypothetical 120 V, 60 Hz, split – phase motor have the following
locked – rotor parameters:
Rmw 2.00 X mw 3.50
Raw 9.15 X aw 8.40
Determine:
a. Locked – rotor current in each winding
b. Phase displacement angle between two currents
c. Locked – rotor torque in terms of the machine constant
d. External resistance required in series with the auxiliary winding in order to obtain a 30o phase
displacement between the currents in the two windings
e. Locked – rotor torque for the conditions in (d)
f. Percent increase in locked – rotor torque due to the addition of the external resistance
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SOLUTION
(a) For locked rotor current in each winding.
1200o
I aw 9.66 42.6 o
A
12.421 42.5530 o
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(c) For locked – rotor torque in terms of machine constant
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Add external resistance in series with auxiliary winding [see figure]
Apply Ohm’s Law to the auxiliary branch in figure shown
V V 0 o
,
I aw T, ,
I aw 30.2551o , T
Z aw Z aw i,,aw
i,,aw 30.2551o
From the impedance diagram for the new auxiliary – circuit branch shown in figure below
X aw X aw
tan ,
Rx Raw
Raw R x tan aw
aw ,
8.40
Rx o
9.15
tan (30.2551 )
Rx 5.25
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(e) For locked – rotor torque conditions given in part (d)
First find new auxiliary current
V 120 0o
,
I aw T' 7.1979 30.2551o A
Z aw (9.15 5.25) j 8.40
As Tlr k sp . I mw . I aw sin
Tlr k sp 29.8 7.2 sin 30o
Tlr 107.1 k sp
(f) Percent increase in locked – rotor torque due to the addition of external resistance
107.1 87.45
100 22.5 % increase
87.45
Note: The added resistance in the auxiliary winding decreased the auxiliary winding current, but
increased the locked – rotor torque.
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H.W PROBLEM
An experimental 120V, ¼ - hp, 60 Hz, split – phase motor has the following locked – rotor parameters
referred to the respective main and auxiliary windings.
a. The amount of external resistance required in series with the auxiliary winding in order to obtain 30o
phase displacement between the current in the main winding and the current in the auxiliary winding.
b. The locked rotor current drawn by each winding.
c. The line current at locked rotor.
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