AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY–BANGLADESH (AIUB)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
PHYSICS LAB 1
Spring 2022-2023
Section: B10 , Group: 3

LAB REPORT ON
Study of projectile motion and collision.

Supervised By
DR. FARZANA SABETH

Submitted By
Name ID Contribution
Tiash Md. Tarek Bin Jamal 23-50535-1 Procedure, References
Ahmed Sheikh Redowan 23-50526-1 Theory, Apparatus
Mahtab Hasin 23-50561-1 Analysis and Calculation, Result
Abdur Rahman Pobon 23-50564-1 Experiment data
Hadi Md. Fazley Rabbi 23-50549-1 Discussion

Date of Submission: February 19, 2023

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOPICS Page no.

I. Title Page 1
II. Table of Content 2
1. Theory 3
2. Apparatus 4
3. Procedure 4
4. Experimental Data 5
5. Analysis and Calculation 5
6. Result 6-7
7. Discussion 8
8. References 8

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 2 of 8

 1. Theory

Projectile Motion:
Two-dimensional motion or the motion of projectile is known to mankind since the time of
Archimedes. The motion of projectile happens in a vertical plane delimit by the direction of
launch. Uniform velocity along the horizontal direction and the acceleration along the vertical
direction are experiences by the body of the projectile. Projectile motion study helps us
understanding the basic concepts in kinematics like accelerated motion, uniform motion,
equations of motion and so on.

This picture shows the parabolic trajectory of a projectile in the x-y plane. The projectile is
thrown with an initial velocity v0 and angle θ with the x axis. R and H represent the range and
maximum height of the projectile, respectively.
Collision:
The elastic collision between a ball and a fixed smooth surface can be presented as the picture.

The velocities just before and after the collision remain the same. Both the momentum and kinetic
energy are conserved for an elastic collision. The impulse in any dimension (x or y) can be
defined as, Impulse, J = Change in momentum, Δ p = pf – pi ,
Respectively, where pi and pf are the initial and final momentum.

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 3 of 8

 2. Apparatus
a) Marble
b) ramp
c) clamp
d) recording paper
e) carbon paper
f) meter scale
g) weighing scale.

3. Procedure
• Installation the apparatus as shown in fig. 3. 3. Make sure that the stop of the ramp
seems level with the table. Lay down a piece of recording paper on the floor and
vicinity a sheet of carbon paper on top. Each bounce of the ball will depart a mark on
the recording paper.
• As soon as the equipment is constant, do not flow the recording paper until the
information series is finished. But the carbon paper can be lifted at any time to look
at the collision points. Discover the position o at the floor the use of the marble ball
and degree the distance from Oto a reference point on the recording paper. This
permits the paper to be moved after the data series is finished to a greater suitable
place for the measurements of s1and s2.
• To collect the information, launch the ball from a point near the pinnacle of the ramp,
being careful now not to impart spin at the ball. This lets in the ball to roll down the
ramp and jump at the ground with minimum spin. Repeat the procedure 10 times
continually releasing ball from the same point at the ramp.
• Measure the heights h and H with a meter scale as as it should be as possible.
• From the recording paper, gain the common values of S1and S2in the subsequent
manner. By means of eye, decide the round place that consist of maximum of the
marks on the paper (forget about any points which are obviously anomalous). Draw
the circle around this location. Take the center of the circles for S1and S2. The radius
of the circles because the uncertainties in S1and S2.
• Measure the mass of the marble.

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 4 of 8

 4. Analysis and Calculation

We have to keep in mind that the horizontal velocity 𝑣𝑥 of the ball before impact at 𝐴 equals the
horizontal velocity immediately after the rebounds from 𝐴. This is a good assumption providing the
working table-floor is smooth. We have to answer the followings in table 3.3 and 3.4, by using the table
3.2 according to the fig. 3.3.

Table 3.2: Equations of motion for one dimensional and two-dimensional (projectile) motion.

Straight line (one Projectile (two dimensional) motion

Quantity dimensional) motion Horizontal Vertical
component component
Initial velocity u 𝑉0𝑥 = 𝑉0 cos𝜃0 𝑉0𝑦 = 𝑉0 sin𝜃0
Acceleration a 𝑎𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑦 = -g
Velocity at any v = u + at 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉0𝑥 𝑉𝑦 = 𝑉0𝑦 – gt
point v = u2 + 2as
2
vy 2 = 𝑉0𝑦2 – 2gy
Distance s = vt (constant x = 𝑉0𝑥 𝑡 y = 𝑉0 t – ½ gt2
velocity)
s = ut + ½ at2

5. Experimental Data

Table 3.1: Equations of motion for one dimensional and two dimensional (projectile) motion

Height Height Average Uncertainty Average Uncertainty Mass of

h H Distance, in Distance, in Marble
S1 S1 S2 S2 m
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (gm)
52 6 33 3 69 3 5.7

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 5 of 8

 6. Result
Table 3.3: Some basic quantities related with projectile motion.
SN Quantities Corresponding Equations Values with Units
1 Time for the ball to leave the ramp and hit h = 52 cm
the point A g = 980 cm/s2
2ℎ
𝑡=√ 2×53
𝑔 𝑡 = √ 980 = 0.33 s

2 Constant Horizontal velocity of the ball 𝑠 S1= 33 cm

𝑣𝑥 = t = 0.33 s
𝑡
33
𝑣𝑥 = 0.329 = 100. cm/s

3 Vertical velocity just before it strikes the 𝑣𝑦 = −𝑔𝑡 or 𝑣𝑦 = −√2𝑔ℎ g = 980 cm/s2
point A t = 0.33 s
𝑣𝑦 = − 980 × 0.33
= -319.25 cm/s
4 Velocity of the ball just before it strikes 𝑣𝑥 = 100 cm/s
|𝑣| = √𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2 ,
the point A in vector form 𝑣𝑦 = -319.25 cm/s
𝑣𝑦
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) |𝑣| = √100.2 + (−319.25)2
𝑣𝑥 = 334.54 cm/s
−319.25
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
100
= -72.61°
5 Range of the second projectile = Distance 𝑣 2 sin 2𝜃 S2 = 69 cm
𝑅= or R= S2 – S1
between point A and B 𝑔 S1 = 33 cm
R= 69 − 33 = 36 cm
6 Time of the ball spends between point A 𝑅 R = 36 cm
𝑡𝐴𝐵 = vx = 100 cm/s
and B 𝑣𝑥
36
𝑡𝐴𝐵 = 100 = 0.36 s

7 Maximum height for the projectile 𝑔 𝑡𝐴𝐵 2 g = 980 cm/s2

between point A and B 𝐻= ( ) 𝑡𝐴𝐵 = 0.36 s
2 2
980 0.36 2
𝐻= 2
( 2 ) = 15.88 cm

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 6 of 8

 Table 3.4: Some basic quantities related with elastic collision between ball andthe fixed surface.
SN Quantities Corresponding Values with Units
Equations
1 Magnitude of the velocity before/after 𝑣𝑥 = 100 cm/s
|𝑣| = √𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2
impact at point A 𝑣𝑦 = -319.25 cm/s
|𝑣| = √1002 + (−319.25)2
= 334.54 cm/s
2 The angle that the ball makes with the −1
𝑣𝑦 −319.25
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
surface just before/after the collision at 𝑣𝑥 100
point A = -72.61°
Kinetic energy of the ball before the 1 m = 0.0057 kg
3 𝐾. 𝐸𝑖 = 𝑚|𝑣| 2
2
collision at A v = 3.3454 m/s
1
𝐾. 𝐸𝑖 = 2 (0.0057 × 3.34542)
= 0.031896 J
Kinetic energy of the ball after the collisionat 1 m = 0.0057 kg
4 𝐾. 𝐸𝑓 = 𝑚|𝑣|2
2
A v = 3.3454 m/s
1
𝐾. 𝐸𝑓 = (0.0057 × 3.34542)
2
= 0.031896 J
5 Horizontal impulse that the floor gives to 𝐽𝑥 = 𝑃𝑖𝑥 − 𝑃𝑓𝑥 𝐽𝑥 = mvcos𝜃 – mvcos𝜃
the ball = 0 kg.m/s
6 Vertical impulse that the floor gives to the 𝐽𝑦 = 𝑃𝑖𝑦 − 𝑃𝑓𝑦 m = 0.0057 kg
ball v = 3.4354 m/s
𝜃 = 72.72°
𝐽𝑦 = mvsin𝜃 – (– mvsin𝜃)
= 2mvsin𝜃
= 2 × 0.0057 × 3.4354 ×
sin(72.72)
𝐽𝑦 = 0.0364 kg.m/s

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 7 of 8

 7. Discussion

We carefully measured the height and sum our starting point. Afterwards we need accurate value but
the marvel surface wasn’t properly spherical. We were cautious about our release point.

8. References

Fundamental of Physics (10th Edition): Projectile motion (Chapter 4, page 70-75),

CollisionandImpulse (Chapter 9, page 266).

Lab Report Department of Physics Page 8 of 8