Class - 9: © Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

CLASS - 9
© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

PART - A (EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS)
Unit - 1 (COMMUNICATION SKILLS)

Chapter – 1: COMMUNICATION CYCLE
A. Fill in the blanks:

1. Feedback
2. Environmental
3. Communication channel
4. Receiver
5. Listening
B. Answer the following Questions:
1. Communication is the process of transferring or sharing of information between two or more
people. It is a two-way process of reaching mutual understanding.
2. Effective communication has the following features:
1) Mutually accepted code, i.e., a common language.
2) A message should be clear
3) Listening to others
4) response from the receiver
3. The barriers to effective communication are- Environmental Barriers, Situational Barriers, and
Individual Barriers.
Situational Barriers are the factors like Distance, Noise, and Distractions cause unnecessary
disruption in the communication process. For example, loud music and noise from generators or
other machinery.
Individual Barriers include Attitudinal, Linguistic Ability, Inattention, and Emotional State of the
sender as well as receiver.
4. Sidhant Should be aware of the environmental barriers like instruments, lighting, room
conditions, etc.; Situational Barriers like distance, noise, and distractions like distance, noise, and
distractions; and Individual Barriers like attitudes, linguistic abilities, etc.
To avoid these barriers, Sidhant should ensure instruments, surroundings, seating arrangement
are proper.
Also, while writing the speech, he should consider the aptitude and language proficiency of the
audience. He must keep the length of the speech so it covers the important points but short
enough to hold the audience’s attention. He should address issues that connect with the
audience’s daily lives and their emotions.
Chapter – 2: Various Methods of Communication

1. Facial Expressions
2. Feedback
3. Visual aids
4. Written
5. Non-verbal
B. Answer the Following Questions:
1. Following are the advantages of oral communication-
 It is interpersonal and helps in building relationships.
 It encourages involvement in team work and decision making process.
 Oral message provides prompt feedback.
 It is cost efficient.
 It is a preferred mode of communication for private or confidential matters.
Limitations of oral communication are listed below-
 In this form of communication, emotions are visible and hence can lead to
miscommunication.
 It has no legal validity.
 It does not provide a permanent record and the message can easily be forgotten.
 It may be difficult for certain people to understand speech due to various accents
and pace used in oral communication.
 This form of communication is not suitable for lengthy messages.
2. Body language may support or contradict a message. For example, when you congratulate
someone on their success with a smile, it shows you are genuinely happy for the other person.
Whereas, the absence of a smile does not express your emotions.
3. Visual communication involves usage of Visual aids like graphs, diagrams, models, etc.,
which make oral communication more meaningful. The use of visual aids grab the attention
of the students and keep them engaged. They also make complex data easy to comprehend
and retain information longer.
4. Prateek should use e-mail as a channel to share the marking criteria for the final project
with his team mates. E-mail facilitates written communication which is the most suitable
mode of communication for formal and lengthy messages. It keeps the record of the
communication and the receivers can also use it for reference.
5. Following are the disadvantages of Non-verbal communication:
 It is difficult to analyse a non-verbal message, thus leaving a greater possibility of
distortion of information.
 In non-verbal communication, long conversation and necessary explanations are
not possible.
Chapter – 3: Perspectives in Communication

1. Prejudice

2. Attitude
3. Past Experiences
4. Assertive
5. Categorise
B. Answer the Following Questions:
1. Perspective has influenced my behaviour towards others in the past. For example, a new
boy joined our class, and I quickly formed a judgement that he was not very bright or
active since he was very quiet. Later, I realised that he was very intelligent and he was
only quiet because he was nervous on his first day of school. In another instance, I was
feeling scared to talk to a teacher who was popular for being very strict. But, after
talking to her I realised she was kind. I had formed an opinion based on other student’s
past experience.
2. I once attempted to answer a question in the class and my classmates started giggling.
The next time the teacher asked a question I hesitated and did not raise my hand. Later I
found out that they were laughing at something else and I felt conscious for no reason
and missed out on the opportunity to respond to the teacher’s question.
3. The environment can influence peoples' mood and motivation to act, and therefore can
facilitate or discourage interactions among people. For example, The environments that
are familiar provide us with safety and security, but also the right amount of stimulus to
act.
4. Visual Perspective
Chapter – 4: Basic Writing Skills
Practice Time (Page No- 25)

Identify the type of phrases given in bold in the following sentences.
a) Adjective phrase
b) Verb phrase
c) Prepositional phrase
d) Noun phrase
e) Noun phrase
f) Adverbial phrase

Read the following sentences and state their type.
1. Assertive
2. Imperative sentence
3. Exclamatory sentence
4. Assertive
5. Exclamatory sentence

7. Interrogative sentence

In each of the following sentences, circle the subject and underline the predicate.
1. An unusual event occurred at our beach last summer.
2. Two girls were jogging along the beach.
3. They heard a strange sound.
4. Thrashing around in the water was a dark object.
5. A helpless dolphin was being tossed around by the waves.
6. The worried joggers called the Centre for Coastal Studies.
7. Two dolphin experts soon arrived at the beach.
8. They moved into the cold surf near the dolphin.
9. The healthy dolphin was released into the ocean several months later.
10. Have you ever been to the ocean?

Read this story and identify the parts of speech for the words given in bold.
was .Verb
I .....Pronoun...
failed ....Verb..
speech .....Noun..
oh ......Interjection.......
Britain ..........Noun.....
am ......Pronoun ......
recognize ....Verb.......
to .........Preposition.....
go .....Verb........
driver ......Noun.......
sorry ........Adjective...........
far....Adverb....
him ..............Pronoun.......

for .....Preposition......

A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article, a, an, or the. If no article is needed, leave
the space blank.
1. An
2. The
3. __Blank_
4. A
5. The
6. An
7. The
8. The
9. Blank
10. An
B. In each of the following sentences, there is an error in the use of articles. Underline the
incorrect word and then rewrite the sentences using correct articles.
1. A Chinese have decided to choose an national flower but they are divided on a choice.
Ans. The Chinese have decided to choose a national flower but they are divided on the choice.
2. Some favour a pansy while others prefer an plum blossom.
Ans. Some favour pansy while others prefer a plum blossom.
3. Since both flowers have their admirers, it is going to be an close contest.
Ans. Since both flowers have their admirers, it is going to be a close contest.
ASSESSMENT TIME
A. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. a. More formal and less flexible
2. c. 7C’s of Communication
3. b. Sentence
4. c. Empirical
5. a. Predicate
B. Fill in the Blanks:
1. Subject
2. Imperative
3. Predicate
4. Adjective
5. Concluding
6. Interjection
C. Answer the Following Questions: (Solved)
D. Answer the Following Questions:
1. Following are the examples of four kinds of sentences:

i. Assertive sentence- I study in class IX.
ii. Imperative sentence- Have a great day!
iii. Exclamatory sentence- It is such a beautiful painting!
iv. Interrogative sentence- How are you doing?
2. A preposition describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. For example,
‘The book is on the table’. The word ‘on’ describes the relationship between the book and
the table.
3. Interjection refers to a word or phrase that expresses a strong emotion. They are usually
followed by an exclamation sign'!', for example, Ouch!. In the absence of non-verbal cues in
the written form of communication, an interjection is a helps to shows the emotion or
feeling of the author.
4. Indefinite Articles ('A' and 'An') are used before Singular Countable Nouns (SCN) to indicate
that the noun they precede does not refer to any particular person or thing. Usually, these
articles are used to introduce new concepts. For example, ‘a book’ refers to any book and
not a specific book.
5. Following are the rules for writing a paragraph:
 Give the paragraph unity
 Keep the paragraph short
 Make use of topic sentences
 Leave out unnecessary details
 Give the paragraph movement
 End the paragraph with a concluding sentence
C. Application Based Question:

1. A paragraph is usually judged on the following criteria:
i. Introduction (Including Title)
ii. Support/Explanation. This is further divided into-
a) Content
b) Expression (Fluency, Grammar, and Spelling)
c) Sequencing
iii. Conclusion
2. The correct sentence is, 'I bought an HD television set'. While writing the indefinite
articles, the initial sound is important and not the spelling. The word HD begins with
a consonant letter but have vowel sound (ech). Therefore, it should have the article
‘an’ before it.
BRAIN DEVELOPER
SECTION 1: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS-(SOLVED)

SECTION 2: THEORY QUESTIONS-(SOLVED)
SECTION 3: SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
1. An effective communication is a communication between two or more people where
the intended message is successfully delivered, received, and understood.

2. A barrier to effective communication is any factor, individual, situational, or
environmental, that prevents the receiver from receiving and understanding the
message accurately.
3. Non-verbal Communication means communicating without the use of words, oral or
written. The different elements of non-verbal communication include Facial
Expression, Gestures, Voice, Body Language, Eye Gaze, Physical Contact, and Dress
and Appearance.
4. Verbal Communication involves the use of words in delivering the intended message.
The two primary forms of verbal communication are- Oral communication and
Written communication.
5. The various factors affecting perspective in communication are – Visual perspective,
Past experiences, Attitude, Prejudice, Environment, Feelings, and Beliefs.
SECTION 4: LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-(UNSOLVED)
1. Following are the impacts of effective communication on our lives-

 It encourages active participation in group discussions and cohesive teamwork.
 It helps in building relationships with others.
 It enables a leader to cultivate a sense of common goal among the team members
and drive them to work in a spirited manner.
 Ability to communicate effectively builds your confidence and equips you to respond
and articulate aptly in any situation.
 Effective communication helps in handling various conflicts or misunderstanding in
an organisation.
 Effective communication saves time and reduces stress and anxiety levels.
 It fosters success in professional and personal life.
2. Translation of an idea into a message by the source is called encoding. It is a significant element
of the communication cycle as encoding helps in the accurate interpretation of the message, thus
ensuring effective communication cycle. Encoding requires that the symbols or signs used must
be clear to both the sender and the receiver. While encoding a message, one needs to consider
what content to include, how the receiver will interpret it, and how it may affect one’s
relationship. Thus, encoding is guided by the nature and the purpose of the communication as
well as the relationship between the sender and the receiver.
3. Written communication involves sending messages in the form of written words to convey
information. Written communication is the most formal form of communication.
4. Non-verbal communication, like gestures, posture, etc., can be effectively used to enhance our
verbal communication. Non-verbal signs can convey thoughts and feelings in the absence of
verbal communication. Moreover, how we say something, is often more important than what we
say as it provides subtle but powerful clues into our true feelings. Unconscious gestures also
convey one's state of mind, for example, glancing at the watch is interpreted as a sign of
disinterest or a desire to leave the conversation.
5. ‘Our beliefs form a vicious cycle’ refers to phenomenon that beliefs shape our behaviour and our
communication style. Our communication style elicits responses from others and determines the

result of an interaction, and the reactions from others further reinforce our beliefs. For example,
if we believe that everybody should be treated with respect, then we will be respectful towards
others while communicating with them. That will elicit a respectful behaviour from others too.
This interaction will reinforce our belief that everyone should be treated with respect.
SECTION 5: APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS:

1. Aryan should consider the following elements of non-verbal communication while giving his
speech:
a. Facial Expression
b. Gestures
c. Voice
d. Body Language
e. Eye Gaze
f. Physical Contact
g. Dress and Appearance
2. Past experience.
3. Sushant has two tasks- (i) Sharing ideas (ii) convey working protocol. Sushant should use
face-to-face (oral form) meeting for sharing his idea as the oral form of communication
 Is interpersonal and helps in building relationships.
 encourages involvement in team work and decision making process.
 Provides prompt feedback.
 Is cost efficient
However, he should use e-mail (written form) to convey working protocol as written
communication
 Allows the sender to thoughtfully draft clear and comprehensive message.
 Provides a permanent record and the message cannot easily be forgotten.
 Is a suitable mode of communication for lengthy messages.
4. Mr Sharma seems to be operating with ‘I’m Ok: You’re not OK’ life-position.
5. Visual Perspective.

Unit - 2 (SELF MANAGEMENT SKILLS)
Chapter – 5: Importance of Self-Management

1. b. Specific
2. b. Time-bound
3. a. Organisation
4. a. Schedule
5. d. Solution-centred
1. Organisation
2. Responsible
3. Procrastination
4. Solution-centred
6. Initiative

1. Management is the art of planning, organising, directing, and controlling the resources
and tasks, efficiently and effectively, to achieve a goal assigned by someone else. While,
Self-management is managing yourself to achieve the pre-determined tasks or goals
that you have set for yourself by regulating your actions, organising your time, and
being accountable for your decisions.
2. It is important to devise a realistic and time-bound plan. A time-bound target informs
you whether you are progressing at the right pace or not, and a realistic plan allows you
to succeed in your efforts and saves you from a false sense of failure.
3. A ‘measurable’ target means defining the target in quantifiable terms so that you
can objectively assess the success or failure. For example, rather than saying, ‘I will
speed up my learning’, a more measurable target would be, ‘I will solve 20 Math
problems in 2 hours’.
4. The practice of self-management benefits you in the following five ways:
a. Makes you more organised
b. Instils discipline
c. Helps in attaining goals
d. Enhances self-confidence
e. Commands respect from others
5. I plan to apply and benefit from the following three organisational skill strategies in my
life-

a. Set SMART targets- I will be able to set realistic goals and also assess my progress
to ensure success in achieving the set target.
b. Prioritise and schedule- By prioritising and scheduling, I will be able to complete the
important tasks first.
c. Learn to say ‘NO’- I will be able to avoid doing insignificant tasks that may hinder
my progress, and will be able to focus on my goal.
E. Application Based Questions:
1. Sumit should learn to manage his time by following the following strategies:
a. Planning: A good work plan enables you to start being realistic about how much
work you can take on, how much time it will take, and what activities will it involve.
Then organise your time accordingly.
b. Estimate time required for each task: Be realistic in estimating the time required to
accomplish the tasks as it helps you to plan effectively.
c. Prioritise and Schedule: Prepare your schedule to accommodate the planned tasks
and other activities. Prioritise your tasks based on importance and urgency while
preparing your schedule.
d. Learn to say 'No': Always refer to your schedule and to-do lists before committing
to new projects.
e. Spending the right time on right activity: Set a time limit to complete the task.
2. Aarti should adopt the following strategies to avoid procrastination:
a. Acknowledge that she is procrastinating. The mere acknowledgement helps in
curbing it.
b. Prepare and refer to her to-do list. She should keep your to-do list displayed where
she can see it often.
c. Refer to your to-do list often and promise to reward herself after completion of the
task.
d. Make it a habit of scheduling your more laborious tasks before more enjoyable
tasks.
Chapter - 6: Building Self-Confidence

1. c. Overprotective Parenting
2. d. Both a and c
3. a. Emotional
4. d. Positive
5. c. Unprepared
1. Self-confidence
2. Society
3. Overprotective
4. Culture

5. Threats
1. Experience helps to raise confidence as it builds competence. Each incident of success takes the
self-confidence a step further. One also learns to overcome obstacles and handle failures in the
process.
2. A lack of confidence puts them in a vicious cycle, where the fear and unpreparedness prevent
them from succeeding, and the failure further reinforces their sense of inadequacy leading to
low self-confidence.
3. The attitude of parents toward their child creates the first significant impact on him especially
in his initial years of his life. For example, lack of love and attention, harsh physical and mental
punishments, and excessive criticism and derogatory remarks on a child's mistakes can break
his confidence, instil a fear of failure in him, and make him hesitant to take on challenges. On
the other hand, overprotective parenting style also hampers a child's self-confidence. Shielding
a child prevents him from facing any pain and struggle. It also prevents him from developing
resilience and coping with stress and failure. Therefore, a balanced approach to parenting is
necessary to build a child's confidence.
4. Self-confident people have the following attitudes: They have a positive outlook, are able
to recognise their strengths and accept their weaknesses at the same time. They rely on
their own ideas and beliefs rather than on others' opinions. Confident people accept their
mistakes and learn from it. They choose to focus on the opportunities to grow rather than
concentrate on their shortcomings.
On the other hand, people with low confidence are fearful and anxious as they depend on
other people's approval and validation to feel good about their ideas. They tend to focus
on their shortcomings and do not feel motivated to bring about change or improvisation.
They are usually unprepared for their job and reluctant to deal with others .
Unit - 3 (INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

SKILLS)
Chapter – 7: Introduction to ICT

1. (a) Online shopping
2. (d) Book
3. (d) All of these
4. (b) E-books

1. access

2. traditional
3. Tablets
4. One-to-many
C. Answer the Following

1. a) Television b) Mobile phone c) E-mail
2. ICT is used in the pharmaceutical sector for latest research and manufacturing. It helps in
hospital management, administration and it also helps the doctors and nurses to diagnose,
treat, and monitor patients. One can search for and learn about various diseases, their
symptoms, cures, and precautionary measures on the Internet.
3. ICT is used in various workplaces for
a) searching information
b) prospecting
c) research and development
d) designing
e) engineering and manufacturing
f) assembling as well as fault diagnosis
g) safety tests and simulations
h) power generation and distribution
i) building and maintaining networks
Chapter – 8: Components of Computer System

1. (b) HDD
2. (b) 1024 Giga Byte
3. (a) Register
4. (d) Central nervous system
B. State True or False:

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
C. Answer the Following:

1. Central Processing Unit controls all the internal and external devices of a computer and
performs arithmetic and logical operations.
2. There are three main components in a CPU.
i. Arithmetic and Logical Unit ( ALU): Arithmetic Logic Unit is the component of CPU, which
performs the arithmetic and logical operations on the operands.

i. Control Unit (CU) : This unit controls the operation of every other component of a computer
system. It also controls the transfer of data and instructions among the various units of a
computer.
ii. Memory Unit (MU): The memory unit is the principal storage of the computer. It stores both
data and instructions.
3. A register is a very small data holding place in a computer processor. It holds an instruction,
storage address or data. There are various types of registers; each register performs a specific
function. Some most commonly used registers are: Accumulator (AC), Data Register (DR),
Address Register (AR), Program Control (PC).
4.
RAM ROM
Stands for Random Access Memory. Stands for Read Only Memory.
It is volatile in nature, i.e., the data It is non-volatile in nature, i.e., the data
gets erased if the power supply is is not lost even if the power supply is
switched off. turned off.
It is temporary memory. It stores data permanently.
5. The smallest unit of memory is Bit (Binary digit) that can hold a single state - either 0 or 1. 1Bit
(1b) is the smallest unit of data. Other units are:
 Nibble: Group of 4 bits
 Byte: Group of 8 bits
 Kilo Byte: 1KB = 1024 Bytes
 Mega Byte: 1MB = 1024 KB
 Giga Byte: 1GB = 1024 MB
 Tera Byte: 1TB = 1024 GB
 Peta Byte: 1PB = 1024 TB
Chapter – 9: Peripheral Devices
A. Fill in the Blanks:

1. Sound
2. Powdered
3. Plotter
4. Platters
5. USB
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
C. Answer the Following:

1. Peripheral devices are internal and external devices that connect to the computer directly
and add functionality to it. They can be easily removed and plugged into a computer system.
A few examples of peripheral devices are:
 Optical disk drive
 Modem
 Bluetooth
 Memory card reader
2. Scanner is an input device that scans text, images, and objects optically. The scanned data is
then converted into a digital image and displayed on the computer screen.
There are three types of scanner. They are:
a) Drum Scanner
b) Flatbed Scanner
c) Handheld Scanner
3. Monitor is the most common output device. It is also called Visual Display Unit (VDU), an
electronic visual display for computers. Just like a television, a monitor also displays the
output on the screen. Monitors display pictures by dividing the display screen into thousands
(or millions) of minute dots called pixels, arranged in rows and columns. The pixels are so
close together that they appear connected.
4. HDD or Hard Disk Drive is the most common storage device for storing a large amount of
data. Hard disk is made up of a collection of disks known as platters. Each platter requires
two read/write heads one for each side. All the read/write heads are attached to a single
access arm so that they do not move independently. Each platter has the same number of
tracks to store data.
Chapter – 10: Basic Computer Operations

1. (a) Unity
2. (b) POST
3. (d) Distributed
4. (a) Icons
5. (c) Shell and Kernel

1. Multithreading
2. Trash
3. Commands
4. Directory
5. Linus Torvalds

C. Answer the Following Questions:
1. System software is a collection of one or more programs, that are designed to control and
manage the overall operation and performance of a computer system.
2. An operating system which is capable of doing multiple tasks or executing processes while using
common processing resources like CPU, is called a Multitasking Operating System.
3. Timothy Paterson wrote the original disk operating system.
4. Multithreading operating systems are the operating systems which allow different parts of an
application or program to run simultaneously. The feature of multithreading can delay the
execution response of certain processes.
5. A system software can be classified into the following four categories:
a) Operating System
b) Device Drivers
c) Language Processors
d) Utility Software
6. Following are the security measures which are used to protect the user’s data from threats and
intrusion:
a) Protection against unauthorised access through login and password.
b) Protection against intrusion by keeping the firewall active.
c) Displaying messages related to system vulnerabilities.
7. A directory is just like a file folder which contains all the logically related files. DOS files are
organised in a hierarchical or an inverted tree-like structure. The files are further divided into
directories and sub-directories. The main directory is called Root Directory.
Chapter – 11: Operating System

1. User-friendly
2. Desktop
3. Notification area
4. Icons
5. Recycle Bin
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
1. Linux is the operating system that is available free of cost. It was developed by Linus Torvalds on
5th October 1991. Linux has become most popular because it is freely available, easy to use and
operate and also allows users to work on many programs at the same time. Some features of Linux
are:

 Portable
 Open Source and Free
 Multi-User and Multiprogramming
 Hierarchical File System
 Shell
 Security
2. A screensaver is a computer application that blanks the screen of the computer when it is inactive
or fills it with images or patterns to avoid phosphor burn-in on plasma and CRT monitors.
3. The Recycle Bin is used by Windows computers to store deleted items. It temporarily stores files
and folders before they are permanently deleted. To permanently remove all items in the Recycle
Bin, select "Empty the Recycle Bin" in the left sidebar of the window.
4. Current system Date and time is displayed on the bottom right corner of your desktop. To change
it
a) Click on the clock in the icon tray at the bottom right of your computer screen.
b) This should show the clock, date and calendar. Click on Change date and time settings... to
get the Date and Time menu. (Alternatively, use Start > Control Panel > Date and Time.)
c) Click on Change time zone and select your time zone.
d) When you have the correct time zone, check that the time displayed in the Date & Time tab is
correct. If not, change it and click Apply.
e) When complete, click on OK.
5. Small graphic symbols displayed on the desktop are called icons. Some icons present on the
Windows 7 desktop are: Files, Programs, Computer, Folders, Network Neighborhood /Network,
Shortcuts, and Recycle Bin.
Chapter – 12: Introduction to Internet

1. (a) HyperText Transfer Protocol
2. (c) HTML
3. (d) Protocol
4. (a) Domain
5. (c) Web Browsers
1. Interface
2. HTML
3. URL
4. Static
5. Website, Webpage
1. Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that enables the users to
share information and various resources with each other. Some of the common uses of
Internet are:
 Education

 E-mail
 Business
 E-Commerce
 Media and Entertainment
 Social Networking
 Forum
 Health and Fitness
2. Web browser is a so􀅌ware that is used to view websites. It is an interface between a user and
the World Wide Web. A web browser can have a graphical user interface, or can be text-
based. Some popular web browsers are:
 Google Chrome
 Mozilla Firefox
 Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE)
 OPERA
 Apple Safari
 Microsoft Edge
3. Web page is a digital page which may contain text, hyperlink, videos, audios, images, tables,
etc. It is commonly written by using HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and is stored on a
web server. Whereas, a website is a collection of related web pages containing images,
videos, or other digital media set under the same domain name.
4. The Uniform Resource Locator denotes the global address of the web documents and the web
resource. Internet communication is the main reason for identifying a resource on the web.
The URL has two parts:
a. Protocol Identifier: It tells the Internet browser what protocol needs to be followed
to access the address.
b. Resource Name: It specifies the complete address of the resource on the Internet.
Example - http://www.mygov.in
Here, http is Protocol, and www.mygov.in is Resource name
Chapter – 13: Introduction to E-mail

1. (a) Inbox
2. (b) Spam
3. (d) Domain Name
4. (b) Facebook.com
5. (a) Carbon copy
1. False
2. True
3. False

4. False
5. False
1. The two parts of an E-mail address are: username and domain name. E-mail address
consists of two parts, separated by @ symbol, i.e., username@domain
name.domainextension.
e.g. [email protected]
User name – Kipspublishingworld
Domain Name- Gmail
Domain extension- .com
User name is the name of a person’s account, which can be an actual name or an
alphanumeric string.
Domain name is the location of the person’s account on the internet separated by a period.
Domain extension indicates the type of organisation and is specified after the domain
name.
2. E-mail is more popular over conventional mails because of the following reasons:
a. Cost effectiveness
b. Time saving
c. Secured and reliable network
d. Accessible anywhere at any time
e. Provides flexibility
f. Easy to modify
g. Privacy
3. A single e-mail has two parts i.e.
a. Header Section
i. To
ii. Subject
iii. Cc
iv. BCC
b. Message Body
4. Attaching a file to an E-mail is an easy way to send videos, photographs, music and text. To
attach a file to an E-mail, follow these steps:
a. Click on the Attach a file icon on the toolbar at the bottom of the Compose window.
b. The Open dialog box will appear.
c. Browse through your files and select the file you would like to attach.
d. Click on the Open button. The file gets attached to your mail. Click on the Send
button.
Chapter – 14: Introduction to Social Media

1. Facebook
2. YouTube
3. WhatsApp
4. Media
5. Interface
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
1. Some popular social networking websites are: Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp,
Instagram.
2. Demerits of social media are:
a. Cyber bullying
b. Less real life interaction
c. Addiction
d. Misleading information
e. Misuse of information
f. Fake profiles
g. Peer pressure
3. A blog is an easy to create website that allows users to share their thoughts with the world.
The topic of the blog can be anything from personal to professional.
4. YouTube is a free video sharing website. You can find all kinds of user generated videos on
YouTube, such as tutorials, cooking lessons, exercise tips, music, comedy, and a lot more. It
allows you to:
 Select videos from a grid of recommended and trending videos You can watch, like,
share, and comment on the videos.
 Manage subscriptions, replay from history, manage playlists, or choose videos from
various categories
 Download and Upload videos from your computer or mobile phones.
 Choose the privacy settings of your channel.
 Edit your videos to give them a professional look using various editing tools like
Combine and Trim (cut or Snip).
5. Facebook is a popular social networking website which is used to connect with people online.
Following are a few of its most popular features:
 Friends List: It allows registered users to create their profiles and create a list of their
contacts, called 'Friend' in the Facebook language.
 Walls: It is essentially a virtual bulletin board where members can post messages,
pictures, or videos and share links to their Facebook friends.
 Virtual Photo Album: This feature allows members to upload an unlimited number of
photos. The members, 'friends' may comment and identify or 'tag' people in the photos.

 Status Update: It is a micro blogging tool that helps the users to broadcast short
announcements about themselves.
 Facebook Pages: This feature was initially Facebook Pages: designed for business use. It
allows businesses to publish content on a public page and receive comments.
 News Feed: This feature constantly updates list of stories in the middle of your home
page. News feed includes status updates, photos, videos, links, app activity and likes from
people, pages, and groups that you follow on Facebook.
 Privacy Controls: Facebook provides a customisable set of privacy controls, so users can
protect their information from getting exposed to third-party individuals.
BRAIN DEVELOPER

SECTION 3: APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS-(SOLVED)
SECTION 4: APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS-(UNSOLVED)
1. ALU
2. Laser Printer
3. WhatsApp
4. YouTube
5. Add a Bcc to the mail for his colleague’s e-mail address.
SECTION 5: SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-(UNSOLVED)
1. The three main components of a CPUare:
a. Arithmetic and Logical Unit ( ALU)
b. Control Unit (CU)
c. Memory Unit (MU)
2. A register is a very small data holding place in a computer processor. It holds an instruction,
storage address or data.
3. Two types of primary memory are: RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only
Memory).
4. CPU speed is measured in Megahertz (MHZ).
5. Disk Operating System (DOS) is a type of system software that runs from a hard disk drive. It
is a command line operating system.
6. The desktop is the primary user interface of a computer. It includes the desktop background
(or wallpaper) and icons of files and folders you may have saved to the desktop.
7. Social media is an online platform that facilitates the building of social networks or social
relation among people who, share similar interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life
connection.
8. System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware
and application programs.
9. Daisy Wheel Printers, Dot-Matrix Printers.
10. Recycle Bin is used by Windows computers to store deleted items. It temporarily stores files
and folders before they are permanently deleted.

1. Some ICT tools being used in the field of education are: Desktop and laptops, Projector,
Digital cameras, Printer, Photocopier, Tablets, Popplet, Pen Drive, Webboards, Scanners,
Microphones, interactive white board, DVDs.
2. ICT provides a platform for interaction between the government and people through
government websites and apps. Services, such as tax payment, ordering LPG cylinders,
enrolling for the electoral process, paying for water and land bills, and finding information
about different government schemes has been made possible because of ICT.
3. Primary memory is a place where data and programs are stored temporarily as long as
they are being executed. It is very fast and expensive but has limited storage capacity.
Internal memory is of two types: 1. RAM 2. ROM
a) RAM - RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer internal memory that
can be accessed randomly. Whatever information we enter into the computer goes
into RAM and remains there as long as we are working on an application. It is a
volatile memory as data and instructions are stored temporarily during its
processing only and lost forever when the computer is switched off.
Types of RAM:
 DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
 SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)
 SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory)
 DDR (Double Data Rate Memory)
b) ROM - ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is a type of memory from which
information can only be read. It is a non-volatile memory as it stores information
permanently. Data stored in ROM can neither be modified nor removed.
Types of ROM:
 PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)
 EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
 EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
 Flash Memory
4.
CRT LCD LED
CRT stands for Cathode LCD stands for Liquid Crystal LED stands for Light
Ray Tube Display Emitting Diode
It is a tube coated with It is a thin, flat display screen It is a
phosphorous in inner surface. made up of any number of color semiconductor diode
When electrons produced by e- or monochrome pixels arrayed that emits incoherent
gun come in contact with in front of a light source or narrow-spectrum light
phosphorous wall, light is reflector. when electrically biased
in the forward direction

produced by virtue of which we of the p-n junction. This
can see. effect is a form of
electroluminescence.
It is generally used in TV It is often used in electronic It can be used as a regular
screens, monitors, etc. devices because it uses very household light source.
small amounts of electric
power.
5. Cache memory is a special high speed memory which can either be inserted on a
motherboard or made a part of the CPU. The CPU uses cache memory to store instructions
that are repeatedly required to run programs, thus improving the overall system speed.
Cache memory maximises the system performance.
6. Differences between Primary and Secondary memory.
Primary memory Secondary memory
The primary memory is categorized as volatile The secondary memory is always a non-volatile
& non-volatile memories. memory.
These memories are also called internal It is known as a Backup memory or Additional
memory. memory or Auxiliary memory.
Data is directly accessed by the processing Data cannot be accessed directly by the
unit. processor. It is first copied from secondary
memory to primary memory. Only then CPU
can access it.
It's a volatile memory meaning data cannot be It's a non-volatile memory so that that data can
retained in case of power failure. be retained even after power failure.
It holds data or information that is currently It stores a substantial amount of data and
being used by the processing unit. Capacity is information. Capacity is generally from 200GB
usually in 16 to 32 GB to terabytes.
Primary memory is costlier than secondary Secondary memory is cheaper than primary
memory. memory.
7. Internet is a boon to the world. Almost every aspect of our life is touched by the Internet.
Interestingly, Internet provides 24x7 services.
Some of the good effects of Internet are: Education, E-mail, Business, E-Commerce, Media
and Entertainment, Social Networking, Forum, and Health and Fitness.
Some bad effects of Internet are: Virus Threat, Spamming, Cyber Crime, Pornography,
Cyber Terrorism, and Time Wastage.
8. E-mail or Electronic mail helps in sending and receiving messages from one computer to
another. It allows us to communicate quickly with people around the world at any time.
E-mail is an economical mode of communication. It facilitates you to send the same
message to more than 100 people at the cost of a local phone call. It also helps in reducing
the wastage of paper.
9. To create an e-mail account and get our e-mail address:
a. Connect to the Internet. Open the website www.gmail.com.

b. Click on the Create account link and proceed to the next page.
c. A registration form will appear. Fill the registration form, choose a username and
password.
d. Accept the agreement. An e-mail account gets created if all the entries have been
filled properly.
After creating an e-mail account, it can be used to send and receive e-mails. To use the e-
mail account, one must login with the username and the password.
10. A Social Networking is an online platform that facilitates the building of social networks
or social relation among people who, share similar interests, activities, backgrounds, or
real-life connection. Social networking can be done for social purposes, business
purposes, or both. In a social networking website, users create profiles, which contain
information about them, create a list of users with whom to share connections, and
organise their social networks. Advantages of Social Networking:
a. Easier To Connect
b. Create New Connections
c. Free Business Promotions
d. Aids In Criminal Cases
e. Spreads Information Incredibly Fast
Disadvantages of Social Networking:
a. Cyber Bullying
b. Less Real Life Interaction
c. Addiction
d. Misleading Information
e. Misuse of Information
f. Fake Profiles
g. Peer Pressure

Unit - 4 (ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS)
Chapter – 15: Types of Business Activities

1. a. Entrepreneur
2. a. Sole Proprietorship
3. b. takes risk to earn profits
4. b. Merchandising
5. a. Income tax exemption
1. Cooperative
2. Hybrid
3. Service
4. Retail
5. Trading, Buy and Sell
C. Answer the Following Questions (Solved):
D. Answer in One or Two Sentences:
1. Corporation
2. Partnership
E. Answer the Following Questions:
1. The benefits of studying entrepreneurship are:
 It helps to think about new business ideas.
 It helps to cultivate skills and knowledge for starting an enterprise.
 It develops business skills in areas such as finance, sales, marketing, management, and
accounting.
 It helps in the development of other skills such as adaptability, effective communication,
business discipline, and confidence.
2. Being legally responsible for a business is termed as ‘liability’. All forms of business ownership
have liabilities. Liability is an important factor because it defines the level of risk and profitability
of the business.
3. A sole proprietorship is a business is-
 owned by a single person who keeps all the profits and is solely liable for all the
debts
 easy to set up and is the least costly among all forms of ownership
 usually adopted for small independent businesses
 simple to Start and close and requires minimum costs

A sole proprietor has a limited capacity to raise capital. Thus, sole proprietorship is often
considered as the most appropriate form during the early stages of a business.
A partnership is a business-
 Owned by two or more persons who jointly invest money in the business.
 Expected to yield higher growth rates than a sole proprietorship
 Offers the opportunity for income splitting and tax saving
 Easy to change the legal status of the business if needed.
 Divides the profits and losses of the business among the partners.
Both partners are legally responsible for the business and they take joint decisions.
However, the liability of the partners for the debts of the business is unlimited, i.e., each
partner is liable for the partnership's debts and the consequences of each other's actions.
Also, there is always a risk of disagreements and friction among partners.
4. Corporations have many advantages including,
 They attract investors because shareholders of a corporation have limited liability, i.e.,
creditors can only claim the assets of the corporation and not the personal assets of the
stockholders for the settlement of the corporation's debts or liabilities.
 Shares of the ownership are transferable, so the corporation continues to exist even if the
management changes.
F. Application Based Questions:
1. Cooperative
2. Surabhi should opt for Sole Proprietorship because it involves minimum start-up cost and least
government regulation.
Chapter – 16: Characteristics of Entrepreneurship

1. b. A process
2. c. Identification and evaluation of the opportunity
3. b. Initiative
4. d. Natural talents or inclinations
5. d. All of these
1. Perseverance
2. Confidence
3. Capital
4. Creativity
5. Action

1. Integrity is the personal commitment to keep your promises, to do what you say you are going
to do.
2. Some aptitudes that could be useful in an entrepreneurial venture are- Artistic, Perceptive,
Logical, Perceptive, Logical, Mechanical, Spatial, Intellectual.
3. Some of the social benefits of entrepreneurship are-
 It helps reduce unemployment.
 It improves socio-economic status.
 It satisfies consumers’ needs
4. Optimism means to have a positive outlook and not to give up in difficult situations. It is an
excellent personal quality for an entrepreneur as it helps in bouncing back after a failure.
5. Background of a family business also influences entrepreneurship. Youngsters who belong to
business families often join their family business. They learn business skills from their elders.
They often evolve their business according to the changing culture and take it to greater
heights. The Ambani brothers (Mukesh and Anil Ambani) are good examples of this
phenomenon.
1. I possess the following characteristics that can help me become a successful entrepreneur:
 Identify business opportunities
 Foresee risks
 Hard work
 Perseverance
 Problem-solvers
2. I plan to start a Tiffin service for office going professionals. The four initial stages of the
entrepreneurship development process will be:
 Identification and evaluation of the opportunity- An increasing number of professionals
living away from families and decreasing trend of cooking at homes is raising demand for
tiffin services.
 Development of the business plan- Researching for number of potential customers,
pricing, dishes in demand, different delivery timings, packaging material and costs, and
delivery method.
 Determination of the required resources- Raw material supplier, packaging material,
cooking space, utensils, gas connection, delivery personnel.
 Management of the resulting enterprise- Quality maintenance, accounts, taxation,
advertisement, etc.
3. It is not essential to start with big place or capital investment. Most of the successful
entrepreneurs started their ventures at home, with minimal investment. For example, Software
giant Microsoft was started in Bill Gates’ garage.
4. ‘Entrepreneurs are a national treasure. They create wealth, jobs, opportunities, and prosperity
in the country’- the statement is absolutely true. By identifying opportunities, entrepreneurs
fill the existing gaps between societies’ needs and products offered. In doing so, they employ
people, instigate competition, and raise living standards of the society.
1. Some of the career options that Amit may pursue are:

 Arts Administrator
 Art Restoration Specialist
 Visiting Artist
 Commercial Artist
 Muralist
 Painter
 Interior Designer
 Decorator-Wall Papering
2. Sunaina seems to be motivated by the spirit of service to society.
Unit - 5 (GREEN SKILLS)
Chapter – 17: Environment Protection and Conservation

1. b. Living things
2. c. Water, soil, air, light
3. d. Both b and c
4. b. Interact with each other
5. b. They will soon get exhausted
1. Ecosystem
2. Biotic
3. Abiotic
4. Heterotrophs
5. Oxygen, Carbon dioxide

1. Overexploitation refers to the overuse of natural resources to such an extent that it almost
reaches a stage of exhaustion.
2. Earth Day is celebrated worldwide every year on April 22 to support environmental protection.
3. Gases that trap the heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. The primary greenhouse
gases that humans emit directly in significant quantities in the earth's atmosphere are carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, and CFCs.
4. The three Rs are- Reduce, Recycle, Reuse.
5. Conservation of environment means the proper use and management of natural resources.

1. Biotic Components consist of all the living organisms within an ecosystem, for example, plants,
animals, birds, insects, fungi, and other living organisms.
Abiotic Components comprise all the non-living things in an ecosystem, for example, water, air, soil,
sunlight, and minerals.
2. Each ecosystem is unique, but all ecosystems consist of three primary components:
* Autotrophs: They are the producers of energy. Plants make up the majority of the autotrophs in
an ecosystem as they convert energy from the Sun or other sources into food.
* Heterotrophs: They are the consumers of energy. These are organisms which depend directly or
indirectly upon the autotrophs for their food. They are also known as consumers. Most of the
heterotrophs are animals.
* Non-living matter: It is soil, sediments, leaf litter, and other organic matter found on the ground
or at the bottom of an aquatic system.
3. Development and conservation of environment can absolutely go hand-in-hand. Conservation of
environment requires judicious and balanced use of natural resources. We can protect environment
without hampering growth by adopting a few strategies like:
* The three Rs- Reduce, Recycle, Reuse
* Developing eco-friendly habits like- such as proper handling of wastes and refraining from using
polythene bags’ keeping rivers and oceans clean, etc.
* Saving electricity by making sure that lights and appliances are turned off when not in use
* Refer to the energy star ratings while buying electrical appliances
* Reducing car emission
* Rainwater harvesting and judicious use of water
4. Some of the important factors that cause ecological imbalance are:
* Overexploitation of natural resources
* Habitat destruction
* Environmental Pollution
* Greenhouse gas emission
* Nuclear weapons
* Radioactive wastes
* Biotechnological misuse
5. As an entrepreneur I will take the following steps to contribute towards protecting the
environment:
* Use recyclable, biodegradable raw material
* Recycle and reuse material
* Reduce chemical emission
* Use LED and CFL bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs.
* Utilise renewable energy sources
Buy electrical appliances with higher energy star ratings

1. The residents can take some small but important steps to conserve water. For example,
* Use water judiciously for daily chores like bathing, drinking, washing, cooking, etc.
* Practise rainwater harvesting at home.
* Always turn taps off tightly so they do not drip and promptly repair any leaks.
* Never run water continuously while washing dishes or brushing your teeth.
2. Natural gas and LPG
Chapter – 18: Importance of Green Economy

1. d. Conserve the environment
2. a. Green job
3. d. All of these
4. d. New employment opportunities
5. c. False
1. Resource
2. Green
3. Bamboo
4. Environmental
5. Green economy

1. The three human activities that cause damage to the environment are-
* Greenhouse gas emission
* Deforestation
* Radioactive wastes
2. The two job opportunities in the green sector are-
* Waste management
* Construction related areas
3. Greenhouse gasses affect our environment in the following ways-
* The greenhouse effect has warmed up oceans and caused melting of glaciers, rising sea levels,
flooding of coastal areas, and deterred shipping industry.
* Carbon dioxide also contributes to air pollution creating acid rains. Acid rains damage trees and
other plant life and further pollute water and soil.
* Carbon dioxide emissions displace oxygen in the atmosphere, thus impacting human health.
4. Green Job contribute towards preserving or restoring the quality of the environment. Green jobs
involve greater efficiency in the use of energy, water, and material. These jobs help to protect

ecosystems and biodiversity, de-carbonise the economy, and minimise all forms of waste and
pollution.
5. India aims to address the following three issues through green economy initiatives:
* Issues of energy scarcity
* Issues of environmental pollution
* Issues of unemployment or underemployment

1. Green skills refer to the knowledge, abilities, values, and attitudes needed to live in, develop, and
support a society which reduces the negative impact of human activity on the environment.
Green skills help in protecting the environment for the future, creating jobs that protect the
environment, reducing energy consumption, and minimising waste and pollution.
2. In the relationship between the man and the environment, the environment influences the life of
human beings depend on their natural environment for survival. But with the advancement in
technology and increasing population, human beings have undertaken certain activities like rapid
industrialisation, unplanned urbanisation, deforestation, and overexploitation of natural resources.
Human have also caused great environmental harm by Burning fossil fuels, Flushing waste into
rivers, and emitting greenhouse gases and nuclear and radioactive waste.
3. Social inclusion means sharing the responsibility as well as the benefits of economic growth
across all sections of society.
4. The youth of India can greatly benefit from Green Skills Development Programme (GSDP) as it
aims to
* Train green skilled workers
* Generate new jobs for green skilled workers
* Preserve or restore environmental quality so that it lasts for future generations
5. Green economy will help in
* Preventing
melting of glaciers and resulting rise of sea level
variations in rainfall
climate disasters like droughts and floods
desertification (fertile land becoming infertile)
loss of biodiversity
* Improving
Air, water, and soil quality
New areas of manufacturing such as biofuels and renewable energy source
Industrial and agricultural production
New areas of employment
6. Low carbon growth the chief aim of green economy because it is essential for environmental
sustainability and future prosperity. An increased carbon emission prevents Earth from cooling at
night, thus causing global warming and climate change. Consequences of global warming and
climate change include:

 Melting of glaciers changes, resulting in rising sea levels and floods in coastal areas
 Influence on shipping industry
 Changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation
 Global warming is causing more wildfires, droughts, and tropical storms, resulting loss of
property and human life, chronic waterborne diseases, and lasting psychological traumas
 Air pollution creating acid rains. Acid rains damage trees and other plant life and further
pollute water and soil
 Contaminating vegetation that we eventually consume
 Carbon dioxide displacing oxygen in the atmosphere, thus impacting human health
1. Some job opportunities involving green skills are:
 Wildlife (zoos, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, botanical gardens,
nurseries, wetland sites, State Biodiversity Boards, Biodiversity Management Committees, and
Wildlife Crime Control Bureau)
 Industries (involved in production or manufacturing of green products)
 Tourism (as eco-tourist guides)
 Agriculture (as organic farmers or green practitioners)
 Education and research sectors
 Waste management (in Municipal Corporations, Councils, urban local bodies)
 Water management
 Construction related areas
2. Bahadur Lal is contributing in halting environmental damage as National Parks protect the
ecological integrity of ecosystems for present and future generations by prohibiting exploitation of
natural land and wild life.

PART - B (SUBJECT SKILLS)
Unit - 1 (INTRODUCTION TO ITeS INDUSTRY)
Chapter – 1: APPLICATION OF IT IN ITeS INDUSTRY
Answer the Following Questions

1. IT helps a business organisation by facilitating marketing, product browsing, shopping, and
processing orders. Business communications through e-mail, video conferencing, and mobiles
enable people to work from anywhere. E-commerce or online shopping allows buying or
selling of products through the Internet.
2. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is a practice of outsourcing a part of a business to another
organisation that is an expert in handling such kind of processes. Some of the BPO services
are as follows:
a. Transaction and Payment Processing services
b. Document Management services
c. Order Management services
d. Accounts Management services
e. Technical Support services
3. Digital India and e-governance initiative of government have resulted in providing many
government services online, such as document processing for driving licenses, collection of
taxes, exchange of information with citizens, and other government departments. Some
examples of the apps launched by government of India for digital empowerment of Indian
citizens are Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM), Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, GST Rate Finder,
UMANG, and MyGov.
4. WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter are some of the most popular social media
services.
BRAIN DEVELOPER

1. WhatsApp
2. a) Banking b) Product services c) Bill payment
3. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Machine, Cardiac Screening Machine

1. The services enabled by the use of Information Technology can be termed as ITeS. These
services improve the efficiency of an organisation and help in reducing cost.
2. The companies within the IT-BPM industry are classified on the basis of the following
parameters:
a. The area to which the company is serving
b. The type of services the company is providing
c. The geographical reach of the company
d. Scope of operations and profit earned by the company
Service Example
Service Example
Online Banking Transferring money between accounts using IMPS,
RTGS, and NEFT
E-learning Accessing educational videos through YouTube
Library management Recording book issuance and collection information
Hospital management system Managing Computerised appointments with
doctors
3. A Learning Management System (LMS) is a software application or Web based technology

used to plan, implement, and assess a specific learning process.
4. Some of the ways we use IT in our everyday lives are:
a. Paying bills online
b. Reading online newspapers
c. Playing games on smartphones and PCs
d. Using e-mail, social media, video calling, etc.
e. Booking hotel, railway, flight or movie tickets
f. Online shopping

1. A typical call centre functions as follows:
a. A customer uses a contact number (usually a toll-free number) that is connected to a
customer support centre.
b. When a call reaches the call centre, a trained customer service representative
answers the customer.
c. To make sure that the highest standards of customer service are delivered, the IT
experts create the technology to support the call centre.
d. With the increase in world-wide connectivity, it makes no difference whether the call
centre is located in the local city of the customer or anywhere else in the world.
2. For each ITeS service, there are two things required:
a. Technology that enables the service
b. A communication device
The combination of the correct technology and communication channel results into very high
degrees of improvement in the service quality.

3. Some of the factors stating the benefits of IT in the insurance sector are:
a. Recording the dates of starting, maturity and next instalment of policies
b. Calculating interest dues and bonus
c. Keeping records of survival benefits
4. E-commerce or online shopping allows us to search and compare various products and
services, which we can buy at competitive prices. The products are delivered right at our
doorstep, thus saving time and money. E-commerce offers a range of products from home
appliances to apparels, toys, and electronic goods.
5. E-banking facilitates us for
a. transferring money between accounts
b. using IMPS, RTGS, and NEFT
c. viewing account details
d. opening fixed deposit accounts
e. making online payments for products and services
f. withdrawing money at any time through ATM (Automated Teller Machine)
g. using debit and credit cards
6. Some of the uses of IT in the field of scientific and engineering are:
a. Large computations, calculation
b. Speed, cost and
c. Distance, new avenues of science exploration, and real-time record of
d. Observations, analysis, and collaboration.
e. Apart from the uncountable uses, computers are also used for:
f. Storing large amount of data used for research work
g. Performing complex calculations
h. Computer aided design (CAD) applications
i. Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) applications
j. Simulating and testing the designs
k. Visualising 3-d objects
Unit - 2 (DATA ENTRY AND KEYBOARDING SKILLS)

Chapter – 2: USING DATA ENTRY TOOLS
Answer the Following Questions:

1. The home row keys for your left hand are A, S, D, and F and your right hand are J, K, L, and;
(semicolon).
2. While typing, it is important for the user to maintain the correct posture as the ideal typing posture
minimises both static and dynamic muscle loads. Correct position of the body helps to make you
avoid health complications.
3. A pointing device is an input device used to point at an object on the computer screen. You can
point, select, open, and even drag an item on the screen. The pointing devices are also used to
draw and play games on the computer.

4. Mechanical Mouse: The mechanical mouse has a rolling rubber ball under the case of the mouse.
The movement of the pointer is controlled by the ball.
Optical Mouse: The optical mouse uses laser to control the movement of the pointer. It does not
have a ball. You can see the light by tilting the mouse.
Chapter – 3: GETTING STARTED WITH TYPING SOFTWARE
Answer the Following Questions:

1. Touch typing is a wonderful technique which provides a variety of customized exercises that help
you to improve your professional keyboard skills in a step-by-step way. Two benefits of touch
typing are:
a. Speed: One of the most attractive reasons to learn the touch typing skill is the significant
increase in speed and efficiency.
b. Accuracy: The second most important benefit of learning touch typing comes with typing
correctly and with accuracy. If you are typing with good speed but are not typing accurately, no
one would understand what you are trying to convey.
2. Computer ergonomics provide the logistic support for efficient and effective computer usage.
They work to alleviate the following conditions that can result from spending a lot of time on
the computer. Some of the factors include:
a. Sitting posture
b. Positioning of hands
c. Monitor placement
d. Mouse and keyboard placement
e. Chair and table placement
3. Gross speed is a calculation of exactly how fast you type with no error penalties. The Gross typing
speed is calculated by taking all words typed and dividing it by the time it took to type the words.
WPM = (Words without errors + Words with errors) / Time spent in minutes
Net speed is a calculation of exactly how fast you can type error-free. It is arguably the most
useful tool in gauging typing abilities.
Net WPM = WPM – (words with errors / Time spent in minutes)
4. Accuracy in typing means that you type the words accurately and correctly. Typing accuracy is
defined as the percentage of correct entries out of the total entries typed. So, if you typed 90 out
of 100 characters correctly, you typed with 90% accuracy.
Accuracy % = 100% - ((words with errors × 100%)/Total number of words)
Example, A person typed 50 words per 2 mins. with errors in 6 words.
Accuracy = 100 - ((6 * 100)/50) = 88%
BRAIN DEVELOPER


1. Rapid Typing.
2. Each time you complete a lesson, the Results window displays your achievements. The
Results window is divided into two parts: Rating Pane and Three tabs: Next step, Detailed
statistics, and Errors overview. It tracks your progress, and allows you to evaluate your
own performance at any time.
3. WPM = (Words without errors + Words with errors) / Time spent in minutes
a. CPM = (Characters without errors + Characters with errors) / Time spent in minutes
b. KPM = (Keystrokes without errors + Keystrokes with errors) / Time spent in minutes
c. WPS = (Words without errors + Words with errors) / Time spent in seconds
d. CPS = (Characters without errors + Characters with errors) / Time spent in seconds
e. KPS = (Keystrokes without errors + Keystrokes with errors) / Time spent in seconds
4. We can add a course in Rapid Typing software through the following steps:
a. Select the Lesson editor option present on Title bar or Press (Ctrl+3).
b. Click on the Course menu button located on the Toolbar. A dropdown menu will
appear.
c. Now, select the Create new course option. You will notice that a new course has
been added in the Navigation Tree.
5. Type a name and title of your course and press Enter. The status bar displays the progress.
6. Gross Speed : 80/4 = 20 WPM
Net Speed : 20-(12/4) = 20-3 = 17 WPM
Accuracy : 100% - (12*100%)/80) = 100% - 15% = 85%

1. The home row keys for your left hand are A, S, D, and F and your right hand are J, K, l, and
; (semicolon).
2. To delete a letter:
 Place the cursor just after the letter.
 Press the Backspace key once.
 Alternatively, place the cursor just before the letter and press the Delete key.
 For deleting a word or sentence, select the text and press the Delete or Backspace
key.
3. Four common mouse actions are:
 Click or left-click: It is used to select an item. Place the mouse pointer on the item to be
elected, then press the left mouse button once with your index finger. The desired item gets
selected.
 Double-click: It is used to start a program, open a file, or trigger an action. You have to click
the left mouse button twice quickly.
 Right-click: It is used to display the Context menu or properties. Move the mouse pointer to
the desired position and press the right button of the mouse. The Context menu will open.
 Drag and Drop: It allows you to select and move an item from one location to another.
Position the mouse on an object, hold down the left mouse button of the mouse, and drag
the object to the position where you want to place it and release the button. You can see
the item at a new location.

4. Combination keys are used in combination with other keys to perform an action. Ctrl, Alt, and Shift
are known as combination keys.
5. 1) Always remember to keep your back straight.
2) Keep your elbows bent at the right angle.
6. Error % = (words with errors *100%)/Total number of words
7. Rapid Typing
8. 1) Microsoft Windows 2) Linux 3) Mac 4) Ubuntu
9. To open the New Lesson dialog box:
 Click on the Lesson menu option from RapidTyping Toolbar.
 Now select the course level in which you want to add a new lesson.
 In the next step, you can either choose Create new lesson option from the Lesson menu or
right-click on any course level and select the Create new lesson option from the pop up
menu that appears
10. The lesson statistics table shows the following details:
 Overall rating
 Speed in CPM
 Accuracy characters
 Slowdown characters
 Done percentage
 Total time spent in seconds
 Words typed
 Words fixed

1. Accuracy in typing means that you type the words accurately and correctly. Typing accuracy
is defined as the percentage of correct entries out of the total entries typed. So, if you typed
90 out of 100 characters correctly, you typed with 90% accuracy.
Accuracy % = 100% - ((words with errors × 100%)/Total number of words)
Example, A person typed 50 words per 2 mins. with errors in 6 words.
Accuracy = 100 - ((6 * 100)/50) = 88%
2. Gross speed is a calculation of exactly how fast you type with no error penalties. The Gross
typing speed is calculated by taking all words typed and dividing it by the time it took to type
the words.
WPM = (Words without errors + Words with errors) / Time spent in minutes
Net speed is a calculation of exactly how fast you can type error-free. It is arguably the most
useful tool in gauging typing abilities.
Net WPM = WPM – (words with errors / Time spent in minutes)
3. Typing rhythm shows whether the keystrokes are coming at equal intervals. This
methodology correlates the manner and rhythm in which an individual presses and releases
keys on a keyboard.
4. The detailed statistics screen shows the following:
 Statistics Toolbar: Statistics toolbar has buttons for choosing courses, removing the selected
statistics, and customizing the statistics display options.

 Course Diagram/Statistics: It shows the common statistics for all lessons of the current
course.
 Lesson Diagrams/Statistics: It shows the statistics for each character or keystroke of the
selected lesson in the course diagram.
 Lesson Statistics Table: It shows the full statistics of the selected lesson in the course diagram.
5. Touch typing is a method of typing without the use of the sense of sight, or simply by
feeling the keyboard. However, the sense of touch is a little involved since this typing
method utilizes muscle memory through rigorous training. This way, a user can type
spontaneously by placing his or her hands on the keyboard and does not have to look at any
of the keys.
BENEFITS OF TOUCH TYPING
Touch typing is a wonderful technique which provides a variety of customized exercises that
help you to improve your professional keyboard skills in a step-by-step way. Some of them
are listed below:
 Speed: One of the most attractive reasons to learn the touch typing skill is the significant
increase in speed and efficiency. Touch typing is certain to offer the most productive
method for working on the wide-ranging data-entry projects.
 Accuracy: The second most important benefit of learning touch typing comes with typing
correctly and with accuracy. If you are typing with good speed but are not typing accurately,
no one would understand what you are trying to convey.
 Time: Another benefit of touch typing is accomplishing the work within a given time frame.
The more the typing speed is, the less will be the time taken to type and accomplish the
task.
 Focus: When you type with two fingers, the focus gets diverted between finding the keys on
the keyboard and the work you are doing on the computer system. Learning touch typing
allows you to focus on one thing instead of two and thus increases the productivity.
6. System requirements for installing touch typing software are:

Hardware: A computer system with physical keyboard, mouse, and speakers.
Operating System Software: Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, or Windows 10, Linux,
Mac, Ubuntu.
7. To insert a New Lesson:
 Click on the Lesson menu option from RapidTyping Toolbar.
 Now select the course level in which you want to add a new lesson.
 In the next step, you can either choose Create new lesson option from the Lesson
menu or right-click on any course level and select the Create new lesson option from
the pop up menu that appears
 The New Lesson dialog box appears.
8. The Detailed statistics screen shows the lesson statistics, which displays the details like
typing speed, errors, and slowdown for each character/keystroke. In the text area, you can
check the mistakes you made, in different colours. The colour indication is as follows:
a. The green dashed line, shown above depicts the good result.

b. The bad result is depicted in red colour and yellow colour depicts the time frame
which was exceeded by the user.
c. The orange colour depicts the incorrect character and time for typing a character
which has been exceeded by the user.
9. Introduction and Beginner courses are available I Rapid Typing software.
10. The following commands are shown in the interface of the lesson editor:
a. Course Selection
b. Lesson Selection
c. Pause Button
d. Current Lesson Speed
e. Current Lesson Accuracy
f. Current Lesson Time
g. Restart The Lesson
Unit - 3 (DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION)

Chapter – 4: GETTING STARTED WITH A WORD PROCESSOR APPLICATION

1. A Word processor is application software, which is capable of creating, editing, saving and
printing documents.
2. Three popular Word Processors are:
a. LibreOffice Writer – Desktop Utility
b. Microsoft Word – Desktop Utility
c. Google Docs: Internet based utility
3. Four major operations which are possible with LibreOffice Writer are:
a. Creating and Saving a Document
b. Opening an existing document
c. Editing and formatting a document
d. Previewing and printing a document
4. The various options to save a document are:
a. Saving a document normally on storage device.
b. Saving a document using a password protection
c. Setting a password to modify a Writer Document
5. The vertical blinking line in the Document window is called Cursor. You can move the cursor
in a document by using the Cursor Control Keys (Arrow keys). There are four Arrow keys —
Left, Right, Up and Down on the keyboard. Apart from the arrow keys, there are some other
keys on the keyboard that helps to navigate the document easily. They are:

 Home: It moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
 Ctrl + Home: This combination of keys moves the cursor to the beginning of the
document.
 End: It moves the cursor to the end of the current line.
 Ctrl + End: It moves the cursor to the end of the document.
 Page Up: It scrolls up one page.
 Page Down: It scrolls down one page.
6. The mouse pointer, when brought over the text, generally changes its shape into I-beam. In
this situation, it is referred to as a Text Select cursor. One can edit the text by moving the I-
beam over the text and clicking on the desired text to edit it.
7. LibreOffice Writer has the following menus:
a. File: These commands apply to the current document, open a new document, or
close the application.
b. Edit: This menu contains commands for editing the contents of the current
document.
c. View: This menu contains commands for controlling the on-screen display of the
document.
d. Insert: The Insert menu contains commands for inserting new elements in your
document. This includes images, media, charts, and objects from other applications,
hyperlink, comments, symbols, footnotes, and sections.
e. Format: Contains commands for formatting the layout and the contents of your
document.
f. Styles: Contains commands to set, create, edit, update, load, and manage styles in a
text document.
g. Table: Shows commands to insert, edit, and delete a table and its elements inside a
text document.
h. Tools: Contains spelling tools, a gallery of object art that you can add to your
document, as well as tools for configuring menus, and setting program preferences.
i. Window: Contains commands for manipulating and displaying document windows.
j. Help: The Help menu allows you to start and control the LibreOffice Help system.
8. Navigator in Writer is a useful tool which is used for working with large and complex
documents. A large document has multiple objects like tables, headings, sections, hyperlinks
and comments associated with it. The Navigator facilitates easy access and navigation
between these objects. In the Navigator window, all the objects are displayed in the form of
a list. To access an object, simply double-click on the object name.
Chapter – 5: EDITING A DOCUMENT

1. Editing text means making corrections to it, and manipulating text in a manner that would
lead to the desired end result. Editing process includes inserting, deleting, copying, moving,
finding and replacing a particular text in a document.
2. Entire paragraph can be selected by triple clicking anywhere in the paragraph, or double
clicking in the left margin of the paragraph.

3. Copying and pasting text means to keep the text at the original location as well as copy it to
another location. Whereas, cutting and pasting allows you to change the position of the
selected text from one place to another.
4. While looking for certain words or formats in a large document, it is very inconvenient to go
through the entire text. The Find and Replace feature automates the process of searching as
well as replacing a particular text or format with another.
5. The Go to Page command is used to directly jump from one page to another.
6. Non-printing characters are the characters that do not appear in a printed document. These
are basically used for formatting the document. The most common non-printable characters
in word processors are space (.), non-breaking space (o), tab character (→), Line break (↵),
and paragraph mark (¶).
7. The Thesaurus feature is a built-in dictionary that enables you to look up synonyms,
antonyms, word substitutes, and alternative spellings. This feature increases your writing
abilities and vocabulary, and helps you to better understand the text.
8. Shift+F7
Chapter – 6: FORMATTING A DOCUMENT

1. Formatting means changing the overall look of a document.
2. Different types of formatting are — text formatting, paragraph formatting, and page
formatting.
3. While creating a new document you need to define the page settings, if you do not want to
continue with the default page settings. For this, you use the Page Style dialog box.
4. Bold: Ctrl+B, Italics: Ctrl+I, Underline: Ctrl+U.
5. In a bulleted list each new entry is identified by a "bullet" - often a small circular symbol - to
the left of the list entry. In a numbered list this is replaced by a number/alphabet, in
sequential order. Numbered list can be said or defined as the list where numbers/alphabets
come first before the list point.
6. There are two categories of text alignment — horizontal and vertical.
7. There are four types of horizontal text alignment :
a. Left Alignment: This is the default alignment of text in a document. The text is aligned
along the left margin while leaving a little space towards the right margin.
b. Right Alignment: The text is aligned along the right margin while leaving a little space
towards the left margin. This alignment is mostly used to put dates on letter heads.
c. Center Alignment: The text is aligned centrally between the left and right margins. It
is mostly used for titles.
d. Justified Alignment: The text is aligned evenly between the left and right margins.
8. The distance between the text boundaries and the page margins is called Indent.
9. Page Break allows you to insert a break in the page, and moves the cursor on the new page.
When you fill a page with text or graphics, LibreOffice Writer inserts an automatic page break
and starts the new page. But, if you want to move to the next page forcefully, you can insert
a page break. Even if you have a large document and you want to move some text to the
beginning of the next page, then you can insert a page break.

10. Header and Footer are the identifiers that respectively run across the top and bottom of the
document. They include information like, page numbers, date, title of a book or chapter,
author's name, and slide show theme, etc.
BRAIN DEVELOPER

SECTION 3: THEORY QUESTIONS-(UNSOLVED)
1. LibreOffice is a powerful and free office suite, used by millions of people around the
world. Its clean interface and feature-rich tools help you unleash your creativity and
enhance your productivity. LibreOffice includes several applications that make it the most
versatile Free and Open Source office suite on the market. Some of its applications are:
Writer (word processing), Calc (spreadsheets), Impress (presentations).
2. The LibreOffice Writer window has the following components:
 Title Bar: The Title bar appears on the top of the screen. It displays the name of
the current document and application. On the Title Bar extreme right, you will find
Minimize, Maximize, and Close buttons.
 Menu Bar: This bar contains all the menu options present in the Writer
application. The drop-down menus allow the user to interact with the Writer
application in various ways. To open a menu, click on the menu name or press the
Alt key and the menu-specific hotkey (which appears as an underlined letter in
the menu). When you select a menu, a submenu appears. Some submenu items
show right hand side arrow next to the submenu name, which indicates that there
is another submenu.
 Standard Toolbar: This bar is present below the Menu bar. It displays the icons of
the commonly used commands. By default, Save, Undo, Redo, New, Open, Cut,
Copy, Paste, etc., icons appear on the Standard toolbar.
 Formatting Toolbar: It is present below the Standard toolbar. It contains the
commonly used commands to format and beautify the text. It displays Font Name,
Font Size, Font Color, Alignment icons, Bullets and Numbering icons, Indents and
Highlighting icons on it.
 Rulers: Rulers are present on both top and left side of the document. The
horizontal ruler measures the width of the document page. It displays margin
settings, tab settings and indentation. The vertical ruler allows you to format the
vertical alignment of text. The numbers present on vertical ruler indicate the
position of text on that page.
 Document Area: It is the large area where you can type, edit, and format the text.
 Scrollbars: There are vertical and horizontal scrollbars on the right side and
bottom of the Writer window, respectively. You can move the screen display
towards up and down with the help of vertical scrollbar, and shift it right or left
using the horizontal scrollbar.

 Status Bar: It displays the page number, number of words and characters, active
working mode, current dictionary in use, a button to save the current document,
view buttons, and zoom slider. It is located at the bottom of the document
window.
 View Buttons: LibreOffice Writer provides different views. Three views are
available on the Status bar, such as Single page view, Multiple-page view and Book
view, and other three views are available in the View menu, such as Normal, Web,
and Full Screen. To change the view, select the menu and click on the required
view option, or click on the required view available on the Status bar.
 Zoom Slider: By moving slider handle in or out you can adjust the zoom
percentage of the workspace displayed.
 Sidebar: It contains six buttons — Sidebar Settings, Properties, Page, Animation,
Master Slides, Styles, Gallery, and Navigator. These buttons enable you to make
changes in settings of Sidebar, and allow you to format the document.
3. The larger window is called the Application window and the smaller window, which is
inside the application window, is called the Document window. The Application window
helps the user to communicate with the LibreOffice Writer program. The Document
window is used for typing, editing, and formatting the text.
4. You can save a document by using either the Save command or the Save As command. To
save a file, do one of the following:
 Press Ctrl+S. Or
Under the File menu, choose Save. Or
Click on the Save icon on the Standard toolbar.
 If the file is new, the Save As dialog appears. Enter the file name, verify the file
type and location, and click on Save. The file will be saved with the extension .odt.
 If the file has already been saved then nothing else needs to be done. The file gets
re-saved with the same name and settings.
 If you have done some changes in a saved file and want to save it with a new
name, then click on the Save As option under the File menu. This will ask you to
save the existing file with a new name, and will keep the original file as it is.
5. Once a document is saved on your computer, it can be retrieved any time it is required.
When no document is open, then follow any one of the below mentioned steps to open
an existing document.
 Click on Open File or Remote Files in the main startup window of LibreOffice. Or
Choose File > Open /Open Remote File from the Menu bar. Or
Press Ctrl+O on the keyboard.
If a document is already open, the second document opens in a new window. To open
another document:
 Click the Open icon on the Standard toolbar. Or
Use File >Open /Recent Documents to select the file you want
 Click on Open. The Open dialog box appears.
 Locate your file and select it.

 Click on the Open button. The selected file will open immediately in existing
window or new window (if a document is already open).
6. Navigator in Writer is a useful tool which is used for working with large and complex
documents. A large document has multiple objects like tables, headings, sections,
hyperlinks and comments associated with it. The Navigator facilitates easy access and
navigation between these objects. In the Navigator window, all the objects are displayed
in the form of a list. To access an object, simply double-click on the object name.
7. The mouse pointer, when brought over the text, generally changes its shape into I-
beam. In this situation, it is referred to as a Text Select cursor. One can edit the text by
moving the I-beam over the text and clicking on the desired text to edit it.
8. The Find feature only searches for a particular text or format in the document, whereas,
the Find & Replace feature can also replace the found text or format with another
text/format.
9. Replace option replaces each occurrence of the found one by one (asks before each
replacement) with the desired text, whereas, Replace All option replaces all the
occurrences of the found text at once with the desired text.
10. Text formatting is applied in a document to enhance the appearance of text and individual
characters. It increases the readability of the document. From font sizes to font styles,
text positioning to text attributes, text formatting includes all attributes that can be used
to define the arrangement and visual display of text. To apply formatting, you first select
the text and then apply the required text formatting.
11. Superscript: It places the selected text slightly above the line of text.
Subscript: It places the selected text slightly below the text baseline.
12. The distance between the text boundaries and the page margins is called Indent. The
indenting feature is used to move the complete paragraph or the first line to a specific
number of places between the left or right margins. To indent a paragraph, follow these
steps:
 Select the paragraph to be indented, or place the cursor before the paragraph.
 Click on the Increase Indent button on the Formatting toolbar. The selected text
will shift ½ inch away from the left margin.
 Click on the Decrease Indent button on the Formatting toolbar to move the text
½ inch closer to the left margin.
13. Open the LibreOffice Writer on your computer. Click on the Format menu and choose the
Page option. The Page Style dialog box appears.
14. Page break is an important feature of LibreOffice Writer. It allows you to insert a break in
the page, and moves the cursor on the new page.
15. To insert a symbol, follow these steps:
 Place the cursor at the position where you want to insert a symbol.
 Click on the Insert menu and select the Special Character option.
 The Special Character dialog box appears.
 Choose the desired symbol and click on the Insert button. Selected symbol will appear
at the cursor's position.

1. Ctrl+N: to create a new Writer document
Ctrl+S: to save a Writer document
2. Subodh should use copy and paste method to copy the slogan 50 times.
a. Type the slogan “Keep Your School Clean”.
b. Select the slogan.
c. Press Ctrl+C to copy
d. Press Ctrl+V 50 times to paste the slogan.
3. Select the paragraph to be moved and press Ctrl+X to cut it. Move the cursor to the end
of the document and press Ctrl+V to paste it there.
4. Press F7 to check spellings for the article and correct them. Use bullets and numberings
to mention any topic point-wise.
5. Select one line of the poem and apply a desired font style from the formatting toolbar.
Do this for each line.
6. Find and Replace feature should be used. Find ‘Mrs’ and replace with ‘Mr’. Use Replace
All to make quick replacements.
Chapter – 7: CREATING AND USING TABLE
1. A table is organized arrangement of text in the form of rows and columns. It is an efficient
and useful way of organizing and presenting large amount of data and Information in tabular
form.
2. Columns are the vertical section of the table whereas Rows are the horizontal sections of the
table.
3. Intersection of a row and a column is known as a cell.
4. The different ways to Insert a table in Writer are:
a. Using Table tool from Standard toolbar
b. Using Insert Table option from Table menu
c. Using keyboard shortcut Ctrl+F12
5. To delete row(s), follow these steps:
a. Select row(s) which is/are to be deleted.
b. The Table toolbar appears.
c. Click on the Rows button to delete selected rows.
6. To split a table into two, follow these steps:
a. Place the cursor inside a cell from where you want spilt the table.
b. Click on the Table menu.
c. Select the Split Table option.
d. The Split Table dialog box appears.
e. Select the Copy heading option, if you want headings on the split table, or No heading
option, if you do not want any headings on the table.
f. Click on OK. Table will be split into two tables.

Chapter – 8: PRINTING A DOCUMENT
1. A printed output of a document or an image is called a hard copy.

2. Print Preview helps you to check whether the written text falls within the page margins or
not. It helps you to preview the overall formatting of your document.
3. Print Preview of your document shows that how the final printout will look.
4. Standard toolbar
5. Click on the File menu and select the Print option, or Press Ctrl+P, or click on the Print tool
from Standard toolbar.
Chapter – 9: USING MAIL MERGE
1. The Mail Merge feature is used to combine a data source with the main document. It saves
our time and energy to send letters at multiple addresses. It primarily enables automating the
process of sending bulk mail to customers, subscribers or general individuals.
2. Two benefits of mail merge are:
a. Produce mass mail
b. Make changes in letters easily
3. Data source consists of mailing list. For example, name, address, city, PIN, telephone number,
etc., whereas, the main document that contains the text that you wish to send to all the
recipients.
4. Choose Tools menu and select the Mail Merge Wizard option.
 Observe, by default the second checkbox under the Insert address block section is
selected.
 Click on the Select Address List button.
 The Select Address List dialog box appears.
 Now, click on the Create button to create a new address list.
 The New Address List dialog box appears.
 Click on the Customize tab to add or remove fields.
 Now, enter the data in the respective fields, and click on the New button.
 Enter records of your friends and relatives. Click on OK.
 You will get the Save dialog box. Specify a name in the Name box and click on the Save
button.
 The Select Address List dialog box will appear.
 The dialog box displays the address file added by you. Select it and click OK.
BRAIN DEVELOPER


1. Use Table feature
2. By adding new rows to the table
3. Mail Merge
4. In the Data Source by adding the contacts to the Recipient List

1. A table is an organized arrangement of text in the form of rows and columns.
2. To merge two tables to make it one, follow these steps:
a. Place the pointer in between two tables and press the Delete key to remove the
spacing.
b. Select any cell in the table.
c. Click on the Table menu and select the Merge Table option. Both the tables will
be merged.
3. Data source consists of mailing list. For example, name, address, city, PIN, telephone
number, etc.
4. Click on the File menu and select the Print option, or Press Ctrl+P, or click on the Print tool
from Standard toolbar.
5. The Mail Merge feature is used to combine a data source with the main document. It
saves our time and energy to send letters at multiple addresses. It primarily enables
automating the process of sending bulk mail to customers, subscribers or general
individuals.

1. To directly insert a table with the default properties, follow these steps:
 Click on the Table icon on the Standard toolbar.
 A grid of rows and columns will be visible.
 Drag the mouse over the grid to select the required number of rows and columns.
Mention your subjects in rows and total marks in the last row. Mention maximum marks and
marks obtained in the columns corresponding to each subject.
2. To insert a row/column, follow these steps:
 Click anywhere in the row/column, adjacent to which you want to add the new
row(s)/column(s).
 The Table toolbar appears. Click on any of the following buttons as per requirement:
 Rows Above: Click on the Rows Above button to insert a new row above the selected
row.
 Rows Below: Click on the Rows Below button to insert a new row below the selected
row.
 Columns Before: Click on the Columns Before button to insert a new column before
the selected column.
 Columns After: Click on the Columns After button to insert a new column after the
selected column.

a) To insert a row above the second row, click on the second row and select Rows Above
from the Table toolbar.
b) To insert a column left to the first column, click on the first column and select Columns
Before from the Table toolbar.
3. In LibreOffice Writer, you can easily create a copy of table and paste it into another part. To
copy a table, follow these steps:
 Click anywhere in a table.
 Click on Table menu.
 Choose the Select option then the Table option.
 Click on the Edit menu and select the Copy option or press Ctrl + C. Selected table will
be copied into the clipboard.
 Place the cursor where you want to insert a copied table.
 Click on the Edit menu and select the Paste option or press Ctrl + P. Selected table will
be inserted at the cursor's position.
 Observe, by default the second checkbox under the Insert address block section is
selected.
 Click on the Select Address List button.
 The Select Address List dialog box appears.
 Now, click on the Create button to create a new address list.
 The New Address List dialog box appears.
 Click on the Customize tab to add or remove fields.
 Now, enter the data in the respective fields, and click on the New button.
 Enter records of your friends and relatives. Click on OK.
 You will get the Save dialog box. Specify a name in the Name box and click on the Save
button.
 The Select Address List dialog box will appear.
 The dialog box displays the address file added by you. Select it and click OK.
5. Click on the File menu and select the Print option. You will see the Print dialog box.
 Choose the desired number of copies and page settings.
 Select the name of the printer under Printer.
 Under the Range and Copies section, select All pages to print all the pages of a
document.
 Select the Pages option to print the specified range of pages from the document (like
5-10).
 Selecting the Selection option will print only the selected text from the document.
 You can select the "Print in reverse page order" option, if you want to print from the
last page to first page. This leads to easy arrangement of hard copies of the pages.
 Once you have finished, click on OK.
 The printer will print a copy of your current document.

UNIT 4: ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET
Chapter – 10: CREATING A SPREADSHEET
1. A workbook is a collection of one or more worksheets, in a single file. Each workbook has a
single theme and contains, at least, one worksheet. The workbook is designed to hold
together multiple worksheets in order to organise and consolidate data efficiently. Whereas,
A worksheet is composed of a very large number of cells, which are the basic storage unit for
data in a file or workbook. Each sheet contains cells arranged in grid pattern using rows and
columns.
2. There are 1,048,576 row, 1024 columns and 1,073,741,824 cells in a Calc worksheet.
3. A range is a group of contiguous cells, which are selected or denoted collectively. It can be as
small as a single cell or as big as an entire worksheet. You can specify a range by writing the
starting cell address followed by the ending cell address, both separated by a colon (:). For
example, a range starting from C3 and ending in J10 would be written as B2:H8.
4. Right-click on the sheet tab of Sheet2 and choose Insert Sheet option from the menu. Choose
Before Current Sheet from the Insert Sheet dialog box. Click on OK.
5. Right-click on the desired worksheet tab and choose the Move or Copy Sheet option.
a. You will get the Move/Copy Sheet dialog box.
b. Choose the new document option from the 'To document' drop-down list and click on
OK.
c. You will see that a new workbook has been created with the name Untitled 2, which
contains only one worksheet, i.e., the same worksheet that has been moved.
Chapter – 11: EDITING DATA IN A SPREADSHEET
1. The text entered in a cell by using the keyboard is called a label. A label can be a combination
of both numeric and non-numeric data along with spaces. By default, the labels are left-
aligned in a cell and are never used for calculation purposes. Whereas, the numeric data is
called value in Calc and can contain the digits 0-9. By default, the values are right-aligned in a
cell.
2. Data validation can be used to restrict user from invalid data input. To apply data validation
on your worksheet cells, follow the below mentioned steps:
 Select the cells on which data validation is to be applied.
 Choose Data > Validity.
 The Validity dialog box opens.
 In the Criteria tab, click the Allow drop-down list and choose the type of data you
want to allow in the selected cells.
 Choose the Data and Value criteria accordingly.
 In the Input Help tab, a help message can be entered that will be displayed while
entering data in the cells.

 In the Error Alert tab, an Error message along with an Action can be entered that will
take place if an invalid entry is made in the cells.
3. To insert a blank row above row 5:
 Right-click on the row header of row 5, where you want to insert a new row.
 From the Context menu, select the Insert Rows Above option.
 A new row will be inserted just above the row 5.
4. ‘If’ is a conditional function. It returns first value succeeding the condition, if the condition
evaluates to TRUE; and second value if it evaluates to FALSE.
Example, =IF(A1>100,250,200)
This means that if the value in the cell A1 is greater than 100, the function will return 250,
else it will return 200.
5. Functions are pre-designed formulas to perform simple and complex calculations. They
eliminate the chance to write wrong formulas. The functions are made up of two parts —
Arguments and Structure.
BRAIN DEVELOPER

1. Functions are pre-designed formulas to perform simple and complex calculations. They
eliminate the chance to write wrong formulas. The functions are made up of two parts —
Arguments and Structure.
Arguments are input values to functions. These can be numbers, text, logical values (such
as True or False), range of cells, constants, formulas or even other functions.
The Structure of a function defines its basic skeleton, which forms the basis of writing the
general syntax of functions. The structure begins with the function name followed by a
list of arguments separated by commas (semicolon in case of range of cells) within the
parenthesis. A function must begin with the ‘=’ sign.
=FUNCTION NAME (argument1, argument2, argument3 .........)
2. Count() function counts the number of values such as numeric entries, logical values,
formulas, and date entries in a given range of cells.
3. a) Average() b) Max() c) Sum() d) Min()
4. Some important features of spreadsheet are:
 Functions and Formulas: Functions are the built-in formulas which are used for
making calculations such as calculating percentage, interest, average, etc., in Calc.
Formulas are mainly used for performing simple and complex calculations.
 Formatting Features: These features are used for improving the appearance of data.
 Auto-calculation: The data is automatically recalculated in the whole worksheet, if
any change is made in a single cell.
Some popular spreadsheet software are:

a) Microsoft Excel b)LibreOffice Calc c) Gnumeric d)OpenOffice
Calc
5. a) Cell : A cell is an intersection of a column and a row in a worksheet. It is rectangular in
shape. Each cell is identified by its column letter and row number, which is known as Cell
Address, for example, A1, G2, etc. b) Workbook: A workbook is a collection of one or more
worksheets, in a single file. Each workbook has a single theme and contains, at least, one
worksheet. The workbook is designed to hold together multiple worksheets in order to
organise and consolidate data efficiently.
c) Worksheet: A worksheet is composed of a very large number of cells, which are the
basic storage unit for data in a file or workbook. Each sheet contains cells arranged in grid
pattern using rows and columns.
6. In Calc, each sheet can have 2²⁰=1,048,576 rows and a maximum of 2¹⁰=1024 columns.
The address of the first cell of a worksheet is A1 and last cell is AMJ1048576.
7. The Formula bar is located at the top of the sheet in the Calc workspace. It is located to
the right of the Name box. This bar shows the characters and formulas that you enter in
an active cell. It shows the actual content of the cell. Whereas, Name box is located on
the left side in the Formula bar. This area displays the location of the cell pointer by
displaying its address. For example, A1, B6, etc.
8. To move/copy a worksheet:
 In the Move/Copy Sheet dialog box, from the Insert before list, select the
worksheet above which you want to move the current worksheet and click
on OK.
 You can also opt to move this worksheet to the end of the list.
 You will see that the desired worksheet has moved to its new place.
 You can also drag the Sheet tab and drop it in its new location.
To rename a worksheet:
 Right-click on the Sheet tab which you want to rename.
 Choose the Rename Sheet option. You will see the Rename Sheet dialog box.
 Assign a new name for the worksheet and click on OK.
 The worksheet will be renamed.
To delete a worksheet:
 Right-click on the desired worksheet and choose the Delete Sheet option.
 You will get a dialog box asking for confirmation to delete.
 To delete the selected worksheet, click on Yes.
9. The text entered in a cell by using the keyboard is called a label. A label can be a
combination of both numeric and non-numeric data along with spaces. By default, the
labels are left-aligned in a cell and are never used for calculation purposes. Whereas, the
numeric data is called value in Calc and can contain the digits 0-9. By default, the values
are right-aligned in a cell.
For example, 98Hello42, A2Z are labels. Whereas, 7902 is a value.
10. The four basic mathematical operations supported by Calc are: addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division.
11. ‘If’ is a conditional function. It returns first value succeeding the condition, if the condition
evaluates to TRUE; and second value if it evaluates to FALSE.

Example, =IF(A1>100,250,200)
This means that if the value in the cell A1 is greater than 100, the function will return 250,
else it will return 200.
12. A range is a group of contiguous cells, which are selected or denoted collectively. It can
be as small as a single cell or as big as an entire worksheet. You can specify a range by
writing the starting cell address followed by the ending cell address, both separated by a
colon (:). For example, a range starting from C3 and ending in J10 would be written as
B2:H8.
13. Sum (C7:F15) Average (C7:F15)
14. Joining two or more text values together is called Concatenation. You can use the
ampersand symbol (&) for addition. Follow the steps to concatenate the text values:
 Enter two string type values in cell A1 and B1, say Kips in A1 and India in B1.
 Enter the formula = "Kips"&"India" in cell C1 and press Enter key.
 It will display KipsIndia in the cell C1.

1.
(i) D2 shows 2430
(ii) The formula becomes =B6+C6, the cell D6 shows 3335
(iii) The value shown in D6 remains the same , i.e., 3335
(iv) The formula in D3 shows =$B3+$C3, value shown is 2680
(v) 490
2. In cell E1 type =C1+D1. Copy cell E1 and paste it to cells E2, E3, E4 and E5.
In cell F1 type =(E1/100)*100. Copy cell F1 and paste it to cells F2, F3, F4 and F5.
3.
(i) =AVERAGE(C9,D9)
(ii) Click on cell E9 and press Ctrl+C. Paste the copied cell content in cells E5 to E11 by
clicking on the respective cell and pressing Ctrl+V.
(iii) =MAX(E5:E11), =MIN(E5:E11)
(iv) = AVERAGE(C5:C11), =AVERAGE(D5:D11)
4. (i) In cell E3 type =((C3+D3)/100)*100. Copy cell E3 and paste it to cells E4 to E7.
(ii) In cell F3 type =IF(E3>=90,”A+”,”B”). Copy cell F3 and paste it to cells F4 to F7.
(iii) In cell C10 type =MAX(C3:C7)
In cell D10 type =MAX(D3:D7)
In cell E10 type =AVERAGE(C3:C7)
In cell F10 type =AVERAGE(D3:D7)
Chapter – 12: FORMATTING DATA IN A SPREADSHEET
1. Wrapping the text means displaying multiple lines within the cell. The Wrap Text feature
in Calc can help you display lengthy text in a single cell without moving the content to the
other cells.

2. Sometimes you see hash signs (######) in a cell instead of the data that you have entered.
These signs indicate that the column is not wide enough to display the cell content. By
increasing the column width one can see the cell content properly.
3. Calc provides a variety of predefined Date and Time formats for different locales. To enter
date type data use ‘/’ to separate month, day and year. To enter time type data use ‘:’ to
separate hours, minutes and seconds.
4. To convert numeric data into labels, do the following:
 Select the range of cells to be formatted as labels.
 Click on Format > Cells. The Format Cells dialog box will appear on the screen.
 Click on the Number tab.
 Select Text under the Category section.
 Click on OK.
5. Fill Handle is a feature that allows the user to extend and fill a series of numbers, dates,
or even text to a desired number of cells. In the active cell of the spreadsheet, the Fill
Handle is a small black box at the bottom right corner. Fill Handle tool eases the work of
entering data. It is a shortcut way to fill cells by dragging the Fill Handle in the direction
you want to fill. If the cell contains a number, the number will be filled in the series. If the
cell contains text, the same text will be filled in the direction you choose.
Chapter – 13: CELL REFERENCING
1. A cell reference refers to a cell or range of cells on a spreadsheet, that can be used in a
formula or function from one cell to the next along the row or column.. A cell reference
can be used to refer to the:
a. data from one or more contiguous cells on the worksheet.
b. data contained in different areas of a worksheet.
c. data on other worksheets in the same workbook.
2.
a. Sometimes, you need to copy a formula in which the content of the cell(s) associated
with this formula must be fixed. In that condition, absolute cell referencing is used. In
this case, you can keep the cell address constant and it is designated in a formula by
the addition of a dollar sign ($) preceding the column and the row referenced, e.g.,
$D$3, $B$24, $A$10:$D$16, etc. If you copy the formula =$C$5+$D$5+$E$5 from row
5 to row 6, the formula will remain =$C$5+$D$5+$E$5. If the same formula is pasted
in cell I7, the formula will still remain =$C$5+$D$5+$E$5.
b. When a relative cell reference is copied across multiple cells, they get changed based
on the relative position of rows and columns. The relative cell reference changes itself
according to the relationship with the position in the cell(s) on the worksheet. If you
copy the formula =C3+D3+E3 from row 3 to row 4, the formula will automatically
become =C4+D4+E4. If the same formula is pasted in cell I7, the formula will become
=F7+G7+H7.
c. A mixed reference is a reference that refers to a specific row or column. It is a
combination of relative and absolute referencing. In this case, either one of the row
or column is absolute (fixed) or the other is relative (changeable), for example, D$3,

$B24, $A10:$D16, etc. If you copy the formula =$C7+$D7+$E7 from row 7 to row 8,
the formula will become =$C8+$D8+$E8. If the same formula is pasted in cell I9, the
formula will become =$C9+$D9+$E9. Since the column reference is absolute,
therefore, the column address will not change, whereas the relative row reference
will change accordingly.
3. Relative and absolute references behave differently when copied and filled to other
cells. Relative references change when a formula is copied to another cell. Absolute
references, on the other hand, remain constant no matter where they are copied.
Chapter – 14: INTRODUCTION TO CHARTS
1. A chart is a graphical representation of data in a worksheet.

2. In a Calc worksheet, chart helps to provide a better understanding of large quantities of
data. Charts make it easier to draw comparison, see growth and relationship among the
values and trends in data. They provide an accurate analysis of information.
3. Column chart
4. Chart Wall is a window within the Chart area. It contains the actual chart itself and
includes plotted data, data series, category, and value axis.
BRAIN DEVELOPER
1. Formatting features help to beautify the data and make the worksheet presentable.
Formatting helps to enhance the overall look of the workbook.
2. To format numbers into labels, follow these steps:
a. Select the range of cells to be formatted as labels.
b. Click on Format > Cells. The Format Cells dialog box will appear on the screen.
c. Click on the Number tab.
d. Select Text under the Category section.
e. Click on OK.
f. Observe that the data formatted as labels appear left-aligned.
The Scientific format (also referred to as Standard or Standard Index Form) is a compact way
to
display very large or very small numbers. To format numbers into scientific format, do the
following:
a. Select the range of cells to be formatted as scientific.
b. Click on Format > Cells. The Format Cells dialog box will appear on the screen.
c. Click on the Number tab.

d. Select Scientific under the Category section.
e. Click on OK.
f. Observe that the data formatted in scientific format.
3. The Alignment tab is used to set the horizontal and vertical alignment of data in cells. To set
a particular alignment, follow the given steps:
 Select the cell or range of cells to be aligned.
 Click on Format > Cells. The Format Cells dialog box will appear on the screen.
 Select the Alignment tab from the dialog box.
 Select the desired horizontal alignment from the Horizontal drop-down list.
 Select the desired vertical alignment from the Vertical drop-down list.
 Click on OK. You can now notice the change in the alignment of the text.
4. To change the text orientation, do the following:
 Select the cell or range of cells and click on Format > Cells. Open Alignment tab from
the Format Cells dialog box.
 Under the Text orientation section, specify the angle in Degrees. If you enter a positive
value, the text will rotate to the left and vice-versa.
 Select the desired Reference edge to indicate the cell edge from which to write the
rotated text.
 Click on OK and note the change in text orientation.
5. Calc provides a variety of predefined Date and Time formats for different locales. To enter
date type data use ‘/’ to separate month, day and year.
6. When a large amount of data is entered in a narrow column, Calc displays hash signs (######)
instead of the data that you have entered. These signs indicate that the column is not wide
enough to display the cell content. By increasing the column width one can see the cell
content properly. To change the column width:
 Place the pointer over the column line in the column heading so that the cursor
becomes a double -headed arrow.
 Clicking and dragging the column to the right will increase the column width. Dragging
it to the left will decrease the column width.
 The column width will be changed once the mouse is released.
7. Fill Handle is a feature that allows the user to extend and fill a series of numbers, dates, or
even text to a desired number of cells. In the active cell of the spreadsheet, the Fill Handle is
a small black box at the bottom right corner. Fill Handle tool eases the work of entering data.
It is a shortcut way to fill cells by dragging the Fill Handle in the direction you want to fill. If
the cell contains a number, the number will be filled in the series. If the cell contains text, the
same text will be filled in the direction you choose.
8. A cell reference refers to a cell or range of cells on a spreadsheet, that can be used in a formula
or function from one cell to the next along the row or column. A cell reference can be used
to refer to the:
 data from one or more contiguous cells on the worksheet.
 data contained in different areas of a worksheet.
 data on other worksheets in the same workbook.
There are three types of cell referencing. They are:

a. Absolute Referencing: Sometimes, you need to copy a formula in which the content
of the cell(s) associated with this formula must be fixed. In that condition, absolute
cell referencing is used. In this case, you can keep the cell address constant and it is
designated in a formula by the addition of a dollar sign ($) preceding the column and
the row referenced, e.g., $D$3, $B$24, $A$10:$D$16, etc. If you copy the formula
=$C$5+$D$5+$E$5 from row 5 to row 6, the formula will remain =$C$5+$D$5+$E$5.
If the same formula is pasted in cell I7, the formula will still remain =$C$5+$D$5+$E$5.
b. Relative Referencing: When a relative cell reference is copied across multiple cells,
they get changed based on the relative position of rows and columns. The relative cell
reference changes itself according to the relationship with the position in the cell(s)
on the worksheet. If you copy the formula =C3+D3+E3 from row 3 to row 4, the
formula will automatically become =C4+D4+E4. If the same formula is pasted in cell
I7, the formula will become =F7+G7+H7.
c. Mixed Referencing: A mixed reference is a reference that refers to a specific row or
column. It is a combination of relative and absolute referencing. In this case, either
one of the row or column is absolute (fixed) or the other is relative (changeable), for
example, D$3, $B24, $A10:$D16, etc. If you copy the formula =$C7+$D7+$E7 from
row 7 to row 8, the formula will become =$C8+$D8+$E8. If the same formula is pasted
in cell I9, the formula will become =$C9+$D9+$E9. Since the column reference is
absolute, therefore, the column address will not change, whereas the relative row
reference will change accordingly.
9. A chart is a graphical representation of data in a worksheet. In a Calc worksheet, chart helps
to provide a better understanding of large quantities of data. Charts make it easier to draw
comparison, see growth and relationship among the values and trends in data. They provide
an accurate analysis of information.
10. Follow these steps to insert a chart in Calc:
 Select the range of cells from the worksheet that contains the source data for the
chart.
 Open the Chart Wizard dialog box using one of the two methods:
 Click on the Chart icon present on the Standard Toolbar. Or
 Click on lnsert > Chart.

a. In cell D4 type =((C4/100)*22)+C4. Drag the fill handle of cell D4 till cell D10.
b. In cell E4 type =((C4/100)*30)+C4. Drag the fill handle of cell E4 till cell E10.
c. In cell F4 type =AVERAGE(C4:E4). Drag the fill handle of cell F4 till cell F10.
d. In cell C11 type =AVERAGE(C4:C10). Drag the fill handle of cell C11 till cell E11.
e. Select the data from the worksheet, and Click on lnsert > Chart to insert a chart of
your choice.

UNIT – 5 (DIGITAL PRESENTATION)
Chapter – 15: CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PRESENTATION
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. A presentation is a collection of slides arranged in a sequential manner to convey, persuade,
motivate, and entertain or to provide information. It can be projected on a big screen by
attaching the computer with a multimedia projector.
2. A presentation has the following elements:
a. Regular Text, Lists items
b. Background and Title
c. Graphical elements like, Clip Arts, Shapes, Diagrams, 3D objects, Table, etc.
d. Audio and videos
e. Transitions and animation
f. Footer
g. Date and time
h. Slide number
3. A slide can be defined as a digital or an electronic page of a presentation. A slide show is a
sequential display of slides, which is shown to the audience with an objective of providing
information and exchanging ideas/views on a particular topic.
4. Three presentation software are: LibreOffice Impress, Microsoft PowerPoint and Adobe
Connect.
5. You should follow certain guidelines to create a good quality presentation as listed below:
a. Well designed
b. Less number of textual lines
c. Use of bright colours
d. Well-aligned and formatted content
e. Use high quality graphics
f. Use simple transition and animation effects
g. Avoid language and grammatical errors
h. Keep the presentation simple using charts and graphics
i. Minimal use of facts and figures
j. Well edited
k. Powerful first impression
Chapter – 16: GETTING STARTED WITH LIBREOFFICE IMPRESS
1. You can open the LibreOffice Impress 6.2 on your computer using any of the following ways:
 Open the Start menu on your computer and select the LibreOffice 6.2 > LibreOffice
Impress from the Programs list. Or
 Type Impress in the Search bar, choose application name, and press the Enter key to
open it. Or

 Double-click on the LibreOffice Impress shortcut icon, if it is available on the desktop.
Or
 Open the LibreOffice suite using the Start menu or Search bar.
 The LibreOffice suite window appears. Select Impress Presentation under Create.
2. Workspace is the blank area in the middle of the window where a slide is displayed. By
default, a slide appears in Normal view. You can change the default view in Outline view,
Notes view, or Slide Sorter view. All these views are available under the View menu. You can
also access the views by clicking on the drop-down arrow of Display Slides on the Standard
toolbar.
3. Undo : It reverses the last given command or the last entry you typed. To select a previous
operation upto which you want to reverse, click on the arrow next to the Undo icon on the
Standard toolbar.
Redo : It reverses the action of the last Undo command. To select the Undo step that you
want to reverse, click on the arrow next to the Redo icon on the Standard Toolbar.
4. You can create a new presentation by using any of the following ways:
 When you open Impress, you get a new presentation that contains only one empty
slide. Or
 To open a new presentation, click on the drop-down arrow next to the New icon
present on the Standard toolbar and select Presentation. Or
 Click on File > New > Presentation. Or
 Press Ctrl+N.
 A new presentation will appear with the Title Slide. Here, enter the title of slide.
5. To create the PDF of your presentation, follow these steps:
 Click on the File menu and select the Export as PDF option.
 The PDF Options dialog box appears. Click on the Export button.
 The Export dialog box appears. Select the location where you want to keep your PDF
file.
 Enter the name in the File name box. Click on the Save button. Your presentation will
be saved in the PDF format.
Chapter – 17: WORKING WITH SLIDES
1. Ctrl+M
2. To copy slides, follow these steps:
 Select slides in the Slides Pane. Or
 Switch into Slide Sorter view by clicking on View>Slide Sorter.
 Select slides that are to be copied.
 Now, click on the Edit menu and select the Copy option. Or
 Right-click on selected slides and select the Copy option.
 Paste the slides to the desired location by Clicking on Edit>Paste. Or
 Select the Paste option from the Context menu.
 The slide gets copied at the new location.

To move slides, follow these steps:
 Select slides in the Slides Pane. Or
 Switch into Slide Sorter view by clicking on View>Slide Sorter.
 Select slides that are to be moved.
 Now, click on the Edit menu and select the Cut option. Or
 Right-click on the selected slides and select the Cut option.
 Paste the slides to the desired location by clicking on Edit>Paste. Or
 Select the Cut option from the Context menu.
 The slide gets moved at the new location.
3. Cut – Ctrl+X, Copy – Ctrl+C, Paste – Ctrl+V
4. Zoom slider helps you zoom in or zoom out the slide view as per your requirement.
5. Various presentation views available in Impress are:
a. Normal view
b. Outline view
c. Notes view
d. Slides Sorter view
6. To insert bullets list, follow these steps:
 Place the pointer from where you want to start the list item.
 Click on the Toggle Bulleted List or Toggle Numbered List button on the Text
Formatting toolbar.
 A bullet or a number appears in the document. Type your text and press the Enter
key.
 The bullet or number will automatically appear on the next line. Or
 Select the items that you want to bullet or number.
 Click on the Toggle Bulleted List or Toggle Numbered List button on the Text
Formatting toolbar.
BRAIN DEVELOPER

1. Notes view
2. Slides sorter view
3. Normal view
4. Normal view
5. Outline view

1. A presentation is a collection of slides arranged in a sequential manner to convey,
persuade, motivate, and entertain or to provide information. It can be projected on a big
screen by attaching the computer with a multimedia projector.
2. A slide can be defined as a digital or an electronic page of a presentation. A slide show is
a sequential display of slides, which is shown to the audience with an objective of
providing information and exchanging ideas/views on a particular topic.
3. A presentation is a collection of slides arranged in a sequential manner to convey,
persuade, motivate, and entertain or to provide information. Whereas, a slide can be
defined as a digital or an electronic page of a presentation.
4. A slide layout contains placeholders, which in turn holds text, such as titles, bulleted lists,
and slide content, such as tables, charts, pictures, shapes and clip arts.
5. Follow these steps to save the presentation:
 Click on the Save icon on the Standard toolbar or select the File menu > Save
option.
 Impress displays the Save As dialog box. Enter the name 'Eco Friendly AC' in the
File name text box and click on the Save button.
 The presentation will be saved with the specified name and the extension will be
.odp.
6. To add a password to your presentation, follow these steps:
 Click on the check box Save with password option, and then click on Save.
 You will receive a Set Password prompt message box.
 Type the desired password in the Enter password to open text box, and type the
same in the Confirm password text box and then click on OK.
 The presentation will be saved with password protection.
 After a password has been set, the document will only open with the password.
In case you forget the password, there will be no way to recover the document.
 Remember, the password is case sensitive.
7. Standard Toolbar: This bar is placed below the Menu bar. It contains the shortcut icons
for the most frequently used commands in Impress. Some of its tools are:
 New: It creates a new LibreOffice document.
 Open: It opens an existing file from your system or remote location.
 Save: It saves the current document.
 Save As: It saves the current document in a different location or with a different
file name or file type.
 Export As PDF: It saves the current file to Portable Document Format (PDF). A PDF
file can be viewed and printed on any platform with the original formatting intact.
 Print: Click on the Print icon to print the active document. The Print dialog box
opens. It contains different options that you use to take printouts.
 Cut: It copies the selection to the clipboard and removes it form its original
location.
 Copy: It copies the selection to the clipboard while keeping it in the original
location as well.

 Paste: It inserts the contents of the clipboard at the location of the cursor.
 Clone Formatting: First select some text or an object, then click on the Clone
Formatting icon on the Standard toolbar.
 Now, click on an object to apply the same formatting.
 Undo: It reverses the last given command or the last entry you typed. To select a
previous operation upto which you want to reverse, click on the arrow next to the
Undo icon on the Standard toolbar.
 Redo: It reverses the action of the last Undo command. To select the Undo step
that you want to reverse, click on the arrow next to the Redo icon on the Standard
Toolbar.
 Spelling: It checks the document or the current selection for spelling errors.
 Insert Hyperlink: It opens a dialog box that enables you to create and edit
hyperlinks.
 Fontwork: It opens the Fontwork Gallery dialog box from which you can insert
styled text not possible through standard font formatting into your document.
8. A slide show is a sequential display of all the slides. The various ways to view a slode show
are:
 Click on the Start from first Slide button present on the Standard toolbar. Or
 Press the F5 key to run a slide. Or
 You can also start the slide show by clicking on Slide Show > Start from first Slide.

1. LibreOffice Impress is a popular presentation software. It comes as an integral part of the
LibreOffice Suite. Impress allows you to create dynamic slide presentations that can
include text, pictures, charts, diagrams, audio, videos, narration, transitions, and
animation. Features of Impress are:
a. Creating Vector Graphics
b. Creating Slides
c. Creating Presentations
d. Publishing Presentations
e. Giving Presentations
2. A presentation has the following elements:
a. Regular Text, Lists items
b. Background and Title
c. Graphical elements like, Clip Arts, Shapes, Diagrams, 3D objects, Table, etc.
d. Audio and videos
e. Transitions and animation
f. Footer
g. Date and time
h. Slide number
i. Use of bright colours
3. Two characteristics of a good quality presentation are listed below:
a. Well designed
b. Use bright colours and properly formatted content

4. Presentation software is application software, which is used to create multimedia
presentations in the form of slide shows. The advent of advanced presentation graphics
software has replaced the overhead projectors and transparencies of bygone days. The
conventional method of presenting information is being gradually replaced by digital
presentation. It has become more colourful, comprehensive, and appealing, which has
made the process of delivering information more interactive, effective, and easy to
comprehend. Some popular presentation software are: LibreOffice Impress, OpenOffice
Impress, Adobe Connect, Microsoft PowerPoint, and Google Slides (Part of G Suite).
5. The various formatting options are:
 The Text Formatting toolbar
 The options available under Format menu
 The keyboard shortcuts
6. To insert a duplicate slide, follow these steps:
 Select the slide in the Slides Pane.
 Click on the Slide menu and select the Duplicate Slide option. Or
 Right-click on the selected slide and select the Duplicate Slide option. Or
 Click-on the Duplicate Slide icon on the Presentation toolbar.
7. Use the Zoom & View Layout dialog box to zoom in or zoom out the slide view as per your
requirement.
8. Various presentation views available in Impress are:
a. Normal view
b. Outline view
c. Notes view
d. Slides Sorter view
Chapter – 18: WORKING WITH TABLES

1. grid
2. table
3. merge
4. optimize
B. Answer the following questions:
1. To insert a table using Insert menu, follow these steps:
 Choose Insert > Table.
 The Insert Table dialog box appears.
 Define the number of columns and rows.
 Click on OK.
 A table will be displayed according to the defined columns and rows.
2. The paragraph properties are used to change the alignment settings of the text written inside
the table. To apply the paragraph formatting, select the cells and then click on the respective
tool. The following paragraph formatting tools are available:
 For horizontal text alignment: Align Left, Align Center, Align Right and Justified.

 For vertical alignment: Align Top, Center Vertically and Align Bottom.
 Toggle List: Bulleted and Numbered
 Spacing: Increase Spacing and Decrease Spacing
 Indent: Increase, Decrease and Hanging
Chapter – 19: INSERTING AND FORMATTING IMAGE IN A PRESENTATION
Answer the following questions

1. Follow these steps to insert a graphic from the Gallery:
 Click on the Gallery icon present on Sidebar. Or
 Choose View > Gallery option.
 Select the Theme that contains the image to be inserted.
 Click on the image, then drag and drop the image into the slide.
 You can also right-click on the object and select the Insert option.
2. Yes, it is possible to insert an image as a link in a slide. To do this, follow these steps:
 Click on the Insert menu. Select the Image option. Or
 Apply a layout that contains a picture placeholder. Click on the Insert Image icon.
 You will now see the Insert Image dialog box.
 Select the folder from where you want to insert the picture.
 Choose the desired picture file and click on Open.
 Check the Insert as Link check box. Impress will create a link to the file rather than
inserting the original image. Linking can reduce the size of a document. The linked
image and presentation remain two distinct entities, and a copy of that image is not
inserted within the slide.
3. Hold down the Ctrl/Shift key while dragging the resizing handle of an object to resize it
uniformly.
4. A group of shapes can be formatted in a way similar to a single shape. They can be moved,
rotated, and deleted together.
Chapter – 20: WORKING WITH SLIDE MASTER
Answer the following questions:

1. Themes are the sets of predesigned formats that include text, layouts, background, colour
schemes, etc., which can be applied to any presentation in order to enhance its appearance.
2. Transition effects are special effects that are used to enhance the interest of the audience
and make the slides attractive. To give a presentation the professional touch, you need to add
Transition effects to the slides.
3. Select Automatically after for automatic advancement and also specify the duration for which
a particular slide stays visible.

4. Insert a background image, by choosing Insert Image button from the Properties from the
side bar.
BRAIN DEVELOPER

1. A table can be inserted in a slide through the following two ways:
a. Insert menu
b. Title and Content slide layout
To insert a table using Insert menu, follow these steps:
 Choose Insert > Table.
 The Insert Table dialog box appears.
 Define the number of columns and rows.
 Click on OK.
 A table will be displayed according to the defined columns and rows.
2. Insert
3. Link, Open, and Cancel
4. While inserting image, select multiple images to insert them together.
5. Insert
6. To increase or decrease the size of a shape:
 Select the shape.
 Bring the pointer to any of the eight resizing handles on the selected shape, and drag
the handle inward to decrease and outward to increase the size of a shape.
 If you want to resize the shape uniformly, then hold down the
 Ctrl/Shift key while dragging the resizing handle
7. To add text inside a shape:
 Double-click on the shape.
 The insertion point appears in the shape object. Now, type the text.
 After typing the text, click on the blank area of the slide.
 The text gets added into the shape.
8. To add effects to a graphical object, do the following:
 Select any shape object.
 Click on the Format menu. Select the Area option from the drop-down menu.
 The Area dialog box appears. Select the Shadow tab.
 Click on the Use shadow checkbox in the Properties section.
 Define the Distance between the object and its shadow, Color, and Transparency in
their corresponding text boxes. Click on OK.
 The object will appear with a shadow
9. To change the colour of a theme:

 Click on the Properties button from the Sidebar. The Properties bar is displayed.
 Choose the Background drop-down option and select Color to colour the slide
background.
 From the palette of colours, choose your desired colour for the slide background.
10. To display different background styles:
 Select Slide > Master Slide.
 Click on Load.
 Under Categories, select a slide design category.
11. Color, Gradient, Bitmap, Pattern, Hatch.
12. Format Background.
13. Transition effects are special effects that are used to enhance the interest of the audience
and make the slides attractive. To give a presentation the professional touch, you need to add
Transition effects to the slides.
14. To apply sound effect to a slide:
 Click Insert > Audio or Video.
 Select the audio file and click Open. The audio icon appears on the slide.
To check how it sounds:
 Select the audio icon on the slide by clicking on it.
 Choose the Properties sidebar.
 Click on Play in the Media Playback section.
15. To set auto-advancement of the slides to 15 minutes, do the following:
 Click on Slide > Slide Transition or click on the Slide Transition tab from the sidebar.
 Select Automatically After for automatic advancement to the next slide.
 Specify the duration of 15 minutes.
 Click on the Apply Transition to All Slides button.
 Click on the Slide Show button to watch the effect.

1. Open the presentation and do the following:
 Go to the second last page.
 Click on Insert > Shape > Star > Horizontal Scroll. Drag and create a suitable size banner
on the slide.
 Double-click on the banner and type text “KIPS…The Best School Computer Books”.
 Click on the banner and choose Area Fill from the Properties sidebar.
 Choose Gradient from the Fill drop-down list.
 Select light-green colour.
2. Create a new presentation and do the following:
 Use title slide layout. Type the title summer camp as shown in the figure.
 Choose Insert > Shape > Basic to choose and draw a big rectangle shape.
 Select the shape and fill its area in yellow shade from properties sidebar.
 Choose Insert > Shape > Star and select an appropriate star shape.
 Draw two star shapes to write ‘FUN In HOLIDAYS’ and ‘COURSES AVAILABLE’ in them.

 Click on one shape and fill green colour from the properties sidebar.
 Similarly click on the other shape and fill orange colour from the properties sidebar.
 Insert images of balloons, musical instruments and horse riding by clicking on Insert >
Image.
 Click on Insert > Shape > Basic and choose rounded rectangle. Drag and draw a
rectangle shape.
 Double-click the shape to write batch starting details.
 Select the shape and fill pink colour from properties sidebar.
 Insert text box at the bottom of the slide to write about various activities offered.
 Select the text and provide appropriate font style, size and colour.

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CLASS - 9

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Unit - 1 (COMMUNICATION SKILLS)

A. Fill in the blanks:

Chapter – 2: Various Methods of Communication

A. Fill in the blanks:

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Chapter – 3: Perspectives in Communication

A. Fill in the blanks:

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Chapter – 4: Basic Writing Skills

Practice Time (Page No- 25)

Practice Time (Page No- 26)

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Practice Time (Page No- 27)

1. An unusual event occurred at our beach last summer.

2. Two girls were jogging along the beach.

3. They heard a strange sound.

4. Thrashing around in the water was a dark object.

5. A helpless dolphin was being tossed around by the waves.

6. The worried joggers called the Centre for Coastal Studies.

7. Two dolphin experts soon arrived at the beach.

8. They moved into the cold surf near the dolphin.

10. Have you ever been to the ocean?

Practice Time (Page No- 29)

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Practice Time (Page No- 32)

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

C. Application Based Question:

SECTION 1: OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS-(SOLVED)

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

SECTION 4: LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-(UNSOLVED)

1. Following are the impacts of effective communication on our lives-

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

SECTION 5: APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS:

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Chapter – 5: Importance of Self-Management

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

D. Answer the Following Questions:

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Chapter - 6: Building Self-Confidence

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Unit - 3 (INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Chapter – 7: Introduction to ICT

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

B. Fill in the Blanks:

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

C. Answer the Following

Chapter – 8: Components of Computer System

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

B. State True or False:

C. Answer the Following:

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Chapter – 9: Peripheral Devices

A. Fill in the Blanks:

C. Answer the Following:

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Chapter – 10: Basic Computer Operations

A. Multiple Choice Questions:

B. Fill in the Blanks:

© Kips Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2020

Chapter – 11: Operating System