DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY

SEX CHARACTERISTICS AND

THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
 Human beings are all sexual beings.
Sexual development takes place when
humans are still inside the womb of
mothers. The development continues
when they are born and mature.
 Primary Sex Characteristics are seen
after birth because of the sex organs. A
person considered male because he has a
penis on female because she has a vagina.
Accurate ultra sound imaging, identifies
the sex of a fetus prior to birth.
There are people born of two sexes too.
HERMAPHRODITES have both male and
female sex organ. Hermaphrodite are raised
normally but they are advised to undergo
operation and choose the sex they want.
Secondary sex characteristic refer to other
visible changes that are seen in puberty. If
primary sex characteristic are reproductive in
nature because they include testes and ovaries,
secondary sex characteristics are non-
reproductive.
 THE HUMAN REPRODUCIVE SYSTEM
EROGENOUS ZONES
One way of knowing the self is to know the
body. The physical self tells who you are. For
ones sexual self there are parts of the body where
sexual awakening takes place. These areas of the
body that have unusually rich array of nerve
receptors sensitive to touch are known erogenous
zones. If persons are aware of them they can be
responsible. For production a person must be in
control and know when to say “no”
 UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN SEXUAL
RESPONSE
Was there ever a time when your body reacted
to intimate scenes that you saw in the movies, on
televisions and videos, and in book you were
reading?
WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THESE REACTIONS?
As sexual beings, humans have desires for sexual pleasure and
satisfaction. These things have psychological and physiological bases. The
body reacts when something is perceived to be sexually pleasurable.
Desiring for somebody is normal.
WHAT TURNS YOU ON? WHAT ATTRACTS YOU MOST

Good looks, social standing, age factor (younger or older person), likeable
odor, like perfume, sex body, soft touch, a kiss or a wink of an eye can lead
to pleasurable sexual stimulation, which will lead to a sexual response
cycle. Knowledge of the human sexual response can help you view sexuality
as a normal function of the sexual self. When young people are educated
sexually, they can make responsible actions and decisions. Human sexual
responses when understood and studied well, lead to an understanding of
the sexual self. Like any other physiological processes, it can be predicted.
THE ROLE OF THE BRAIN
The brain has many parts that are involved in sexual
responses:
1. CEREBRAL CORTEX- the upper part of the brain
called gray matter that controls a higher order
functioning, such as language and judgement.
SUBCORTEX- this is the lower part of the
brain. It includes the following:
a. CEREBELLUM which coordinates body
movements;
b. MEDULLA OBLONGATA which regulates
heartbeat, respiration, and other basic
physiological process;
c. PONS which regulates the sleep cycle
d. DIENCEPHALON, which regulates
emotions.
 DIENCEPHALON is made up of thalamus and hypothalamus

THALAMUS relays sensory impulses from the other parts of the nervous
system to the cerebral cortex

HYPHOTHALAMUS, aside from being a key structure in sexual arousal is

also the activator of the autonomic nervous system.
Hypothalamus controls basic body responses such as hormone
balance, temperature and the constriction and dilation of blood
vessels

2. LIMBIC SYSTEM this is the part of the brain that is known to be the “SEAT
OF EMOTIONS” which produces emotions in response to
physical and psychological signals.

3. RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM (RAS). It is a network of nerves that

connect the cortex and subcortex, it connects the mind and the body.
THE SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
A sequence of physiological and psychological
reactions as a result sexual arousal. The research of
William Masters and Virginia Johnson in 1966 has led to
an understanding of the regular pattern in the four
phases of human sexual response.
This is included in this book to understand the
general sexual response pattern through it can vary
because of individual differences. When young people are
well informed and guided, they can make wise and
responsible decisions. Self control is the key to avoid
sexual problems.
PHASES OF THE SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
1. EXCITEMENT PHASE sexual stimuli lead to changes in
the body of women and men.
2. PLATEAU PHASE excitement becomes enhanced, and
the body is prepared for orgasm.
3. ORGASM PHASE also known as the “climax or peak” of
the sexual excitement. Heart rate increase dramatically,
blood pressure rises, breathing becomes rapid and shallow,
muscle throughout the body contract, and perspiration
is evident.
4. RESOLUTION PHASE the last stage of sexual arousal.
This leads to the return of the unaroused state.
 What are the things
prevented if one does not
engage in premarital sex?
WAYS OF DEALING WITH SEXUAL ENERGIES
1. REPRESSION this means denying ones sexual energies and pushing it to the
conscious. Repression is unhealthy because one is unable to express ones
natural sexuality.
2. SUPPRESSION one is aware of his/her sexual energies but controls it for
any reasons. Suppression of ones sexual energy can be healthy or unhealthy
depending on ones reasons. To suppress sexual energy because one has to
prioritize studies, career, health, vocation, concern for the beloved, and
family responsibility is healthy.
3. SUBLIMATION refers to redirecting ones sexual energies o something else.
Redirecting sexual energies through sports, apostolate, leadership and areas
of the arts (music, literature, dance, drama, or theater) is healthy
sublimation. Pseudo-sublimation is unhealthy because sexual desires can be
satisfied through drinking liquor, smoking, overeating, and worst use of
drugs.
4. GENITAL SATISFACTION it is giving in to ones sexual desires through
sexual intercourse. Premarital sex, marital sex, extramarital sex are
manifestation of genital satisfaction.
HOW DO WE PREVENT PREMARITAL SEX?
Sex education prevents premarital sex. The following are guidelines in preventing premarital
sex.
a. Respect, understand, appreciate of ones body of that of others
b. Develop a healthy attitude toward sex, which should start at home
c. Know the biological, physiological psychological moral and spiritual aspects of sex
d. Be fair and ethical in all relationships including sex
e. Know that sex is sacred not evil, and it is something beautiful created by God for
procreation and education of humankind
f. Avoid games people play regarding sex.
g. Develop love for sports, arts studies, hobbies and any other healthy activities as an
outlet of excess energies
h. Ask questions from teachers, parents, guidance counselors, and guardians about sex
for proper guidance
i. Choose to abstain with wisdom and courage

5. INTEGRATION ability to integrate ones sexual energies into friendship, marriage,

vocation and all levels of relationships
What is love? Have you
encountered an ideal person,
yet you are not at all
attracted?
CHEMISTRY is a very important element in every relationship.
When you fall inlove, your brain undergoes some changes; chemical
compounds are released. According to researchers there are three
stages in love lust, attraction and attachment
1. LUST strong sexual desire. It is driven by initial physical
attraction and flirting. In this stage a person can be attracted
to characteristic, such as symmetrical face and proportionate
body dimensions.
2. FALLING IN LOVE attraction the next stage is where romantic or
passionate love is characterized by euphoria when things are
going well, but there are terrible mood swings when they are
not. When you fall inlove you may have physical symptoms:
loss of appetite, inability to sleep, lack of concentration, wet
palms, and butterflies in stomach. this is due to surging brain
chemicals called MONOAMINES.
a. DOPAMINE commonly associated with the pleasure system of the
brain, providing feeling of enjoyment and reinforcement to
motivate someone to do certain activities.
b. PHENYLETHYLAMINE natural amphetamine like the well known
drug and can cause the same stimulation effects. It contributes to
that on top of the world feeling that attraction can bring and gives
someone the energy to stay up day and night with a new love.
c. SEROTONIN controls impulses unruly passions, and obsessive
behavior, aiding the sense of “being in control”.
d. NOREPINEPHRINE is another neuro transmitter that induces
euphoria in the brain, exciting the body by giving it a booster dose
of natural adrenaline. This causes the heart to beat faster and
blood pressure rise. That is why one can experience a pounding
heart or sweaty palms when he or she sees someone he or she is
attracted to.
3. ATTACHMENT-STAYING TOGETHER. There is a sense of calm and
stability that one feels with a long term partner, a sort of bond that
keeps a couple together. This kind of love is driven by these hormones:
a. OXYTOCIN sometimes known as “cuddle chemical” it is the hormone
that is best known for its role in inducing labor by stimulating
contractions.
b. VASOPRESSIN also called “the monogamy chemical”. Researcher
have found put that suppression of vasopressin can cause males to
abandon heir love nest and seek new mates
c. ENDORPHINS are biochemical compounds that enhance the immune
system, block the lesion of blood vessels, have anti- aging, anti stress,
and pain-relieving effects and help to improve the memory.
High levels of oxytocin and vasopressin may interfere with
dopamine and norepinephrine pathways, which may explain why with
time, attachment grows as mad, passionate love fades.
DIVERSITY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
1. SOLITARY self masturbation is a sexual self stimulation with the
intention of causing sexual arousal that leads to orgasm. The hand is
used to rub the genitals to experience sexual pleasure. Most
masturbation is done in private as an end in itself but it is sometimes
practiced to facilitate a socio sexual relationship. For some married
couples, it can be part of the foreplay in the excitement phase
2. HETEROSEXUAL it is romantic attraction sexual attraction or sexual
behavior between persons of the opposite sex or gender. Someone who is
heterosexual is commonly referred to as straight.
3. HOMOSEXUAL this is romantic and sexual attraction or sexual behavior
between persons of the same sex or gender. The male homosexual is
called gay while female homosexual is called lesbian.
4. BISEXUAL this refers to a person who is attracted to both sexes.
5. TRANSSEXUAL this is a person whose gender identity is opposite the sex
the person had or was identified as having at birth. The person may or may
not undergo surgery or hormone therapy.
6. TRANSGENDER this includes not only the transsexuals but people who
view themselves as third gender. Transvestite (one who dresses in the
clothes of the other gender) or others who believe that traditional male-
female gender classifications inadequately characterize themselves
7. SEXUALLY FLUID it refers to the idea that sexual preferences have the
capability to change over a lifetime and in many cases dependent on
different situations
1. CHLAMYDIA common sexually transmitted diseases caused by
bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis. It can infect both men and
women.
2. GENITAL HERPES is caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV). It can
cause sores on your genital or rectal area, buttocks, and thighs. You
can get it from having vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has
it.
3. GONORRHEA most common in young adults. The bacteria that causes
gonorrhea can infect the genital tract, mouth or anus.
4. HIV stands for Human Immuno deficiency Virus. It harms your
immune system by destroying the white blood cells that fight infection.
This puts you at risk for serious infection and certain cancers. AIDS
stands for acquired immune deficiency. Syndrome
5. HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES (HPV) are group of
related virus. They can cause warts on different parts of
your body. There are more than 200types. About 40 of
those types affect the genitals. They are spread through
sexual contact with an infected partner.
6. SYPHILIS caused by bacteria. It infects the genital
area, lips, mouth, or anus of both man and women. You
usually get syphilis from sexual contact with someone who
has it.
7. TRICHOMONIASIS is caused by parasite. It spreads
from person to person during sex. Many people do not
have any symptoms they usually. If you do get symptoms,
they usually happen within 5 to 28 days after being
infected.
 WAYS OF PREVENTING STI’S
1. Abstain from sex after knowing all the information about
STD’S
2. Practice monogamy
3. Reduce the number of sexual partner
4. Refrain from the use of alcohol and other drugs
5. Discuss STD concerns with potential sexual partners
6. Be observant
7. Avoid High-risk behaviors
8. Use condoms and any other barriers
9. Use some other protective measures
 Being part of the world and humanity, human
beings have to be responsible citizens. Each one of us
should have to protect preserve and defend the gift of
life. Sexuality is both a gift and a responsibility. The
World Health Organization (WHO) reminds us of family
planning and contraception.
1. Long acting reversible contraception
2. hormonal contraception
3. Barrier method
4. Permanent contraception
KEY FACTS FROM WHO AS OF JULY 2017
1. 214 million woman of reproductive age in developing countries
who want to avoid pregnancy are not using a modern
contraceptive method.
2. Some family-planning methods, such as condoms help prevent
the transmission of HIV and any other sexually transmitted
infections.
3. Family planning/Contraception reduces the need for abortion,
especially unsafe abortion.
4. By preventing unintended pregnancy, family
planning/contraception prevents deaths of mother and
children.
 BENEFITS OF FAMILY
PLANNING/CONTRACEPTION.
1. Preventing pregnancy related health risk in woman
2. By reducing rates of unintended pregnancies, family planning also
reduces the need for unsafe abortion.
3. Reducing infant mortality.
4. Helping to prevent HIV/AIDS.
5. Empowering people and enhancing education.
6. Reducing adolescent pregnancy.
7. Slowing population growth.