Q.P. CODE:500-A-OR: Biochemistry

Q.P.
CODE:500-A-OR
DR. NTR UNIVERSITYOF HEALTH SCIENCES: AP: VIJAYAWADA-520008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- MAY, 2022
FIRST M.B.B.S. EXAMINATION
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
Time : 2 1/2 Hours Max. Marks: SO
Note: Answer all questions
Draw diagrammatic representation wherever necessary.
1) Define Gluconeogenesis. Name the key enzymes of 10

gluconeogenesis and write the reactions catalyzed by them.
Add a note on the significance of Gluconeogenesis
(1+2+4+3)
2) Explain the sources, RDA functions and deficiency features of 10
Vitamin A. (2+1+4+3)
WRITE SHORT NOTES ON: 5x4=20
3) Sickle cell haemoglobin and its diagnosis
4) Detoxification by conjugation with two examples
5) Chemiosmotic theory
6) Allosteric regulation of enzyme activity with an example
7) Ketogenesis and conditions of Ketosis
WRITE BRIEFLYON: 5x2=10
8) List the important compounds synthesized from cholesterol
9) Name the enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion
10) Give an example each for
a) Oxidoreductase
b) Ligase
11) Respiratory quotient
12) Beriberi
Q.P. CODE:SOO-8-0R
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA - 520 008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - MAY, 2022
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
Time : 2 V2 Hours Max. Marks : 50
1) Explain the steps of Replication in Prokaryotes. Give examples for
the inhibitors of Replication. (7+3) 10
2) Explain the metabolism of Tryptophan and write briefly on the 10
compounds synthesized from it.
3) Chemical carcinogens
4) Role of haemoglobin as buffer
5) Secondary structure of proteins
6) Absorption and Transport of Iron
7) Tubular Function Tests of Kidney
WRITE BRIEFLY ON: 5x2:;;;;10
8) Xeroderma Pigmentosum
9) Genetic Code
10) Wilson's Disease
11) Thyroid Function Tests
12) Transamination Reaction

Q.P. CODE:Ml02A030
DR. NTR UNIVERSITYOF HEALTH SCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520 008

BIOCHEMISTRY - PAPER-I
(Theory Questions)
Time: 2 Hours 40 Minutes Max. Marks: 80
SECTION-II - (THEORY QUESTIONS - 80 MARKS)

STRUCTURED ESSAY QUESTIONS: 2X15=30
1) What is glycolysis. Enumerate the steps of glycolysis in detail. Mention the
inhibitors of glycolytic pathway with energetics of glycolysis. Add a note on
Rapoport Leubering Cycle (1 +5+5+4)
2) What are ketone bodies. What are the steps of ketogenesis. How are
ketone bodies utilized in the body. How are ketone bodies detected in urine
(2+4+4+5)
SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS: 10X5-50
3) A 6 year old child was brought to hospital with complaint of slow growth and
pain in bones. On examination he was anemic, had fontal bossing, bowing
of legs and swelling of costochondral junction. Lab results were serum
calcium 8.2 mgjdL, serum phosphorus 2.8 mgjdL, Serum ALP 720 UjL.
a) What is your diagnosis and which vitamin deficiency causes this condition
b) What is active form of this vitamin
c) Enumerate three functions of active form of this vitamin
4) A 55 year old hvpertensive complaints of dry painful eyes and Xerostomia
for 4 weeks. On examination he was afebrile, BP 140j94 mmHg, Facial and
lower limb edema was present. Serum albumin was 2.0 gjdL, serum
cholesterol 280 mgjdL, serum creatine 2.0 gjdL and blood urea 120 mgjdL.
a. What is your diagnosis
b. Describe the glomerular functions of kidneys
5) What are coenzymes. Give five examples
6) Describe the steps in Heme synthesis
7) What are the complexes of Electron transport chain. Add a note on
inhibitors of Electron transport chain
8) Describe the effect of substrate concentration on enzymes
9) What do you mean by Free radicals. Give examples
10) What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). What are the factors affecting BMR
11) What is specific dynamic action of food and respiratory quotient
12) Define oxidative phosphorylation. Explain chemiosmotic hypothesis with a
neat labelled diagram
- ---- .~--
Q.P. CODE:Ml02A031
DR. NTR UNIVERSITYOF HEALTH SCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520

008
BIOCHEMISTRY - PAPER-II
(Theory Questions)
ESSAY QUESTIONS: 2X15=30

1) Name the essential amino acids. Describe the metabolism of Glycine.
Enumerate the compounds obtained from Glycine. Add a note on formation
of creatinine from Glycine (2+6+4+3)
2) What are nucleosides and nucleotides. Give examples. Describe DNA
replication. Add a note on DNA repair mechanisms (3+3+5+4)
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: 10X5-50
3) A 45 year old alcoholic man complaints of excruciating pain in his great toe
since morning after having a heavy non vegetarian diet and alcohol the
previous night. What is the diagnosis. Enumerate the primary and
secondary causes of the disease. What are the investigations useful for
diagnosis
4) A 60 year old male with chronic cough and breathlessness was admitted in
lCU. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed blood pH 7.12, PC02 80 mmHg,
plasma Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L, H2Co3 20.7 mEq/L. Identify the type of acid
base disturbance and what are the causes for this condition
5) Applications of monoclonal antibodies
6) Clinical features and lab investigations of Wilson's disease
7) Post translational modifications of proteins
8) Describe transport mechanism across the cell membrane
9) What is anion gap and enumerate the causes of high anion gap metabolic
acidosis
10) Define cancer and what do you mean by oncogenesis
12) Henderson Hasselbalch equation and its significance
Q.P. CODE:500-A-OR
DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES: AP: VIJAYAWADA-520 008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - JAN/FEB, 2022
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
Time : 2 1/2 Hours Max. Marks: 50
1) Write in detail about oxidation of Glucose in the anerobic 6+2+2=10
conditions. Add a note on regulation and energetics.

2) Write in detail about ATP synthesis in the body. Write 6+4=10
briefly about inhibitors of ATP.
3) Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

4) Oxidative phase of HMP Pathway
5) Protein Energy Malnutrition
6) Phospholipids
7) Functions of Vitamin C
WRITE BRIEFLY ON: 5x2=10
8) Coenzyme forms of Niacin and Riboflavin

9) Enzymes deficient in Galactosemia
10) Products derived from cholesterol
11) Two factors which shift oxygen dissociation curve to the
right
12) High Energy Compounds
Q.P. CODE:SOO-B-CBME
DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520008
(Theory Questions)

STRUCTURED ESSAY QUESTIONS: 2X15=30
1) What are essential fatty acids? Give examples. What are the steps in
cholesterol synthesis? Add a note on regulation of cholesterol synthesis.
Name the degraded products or derivatives of cholesterol. (2+2+6+3+2)
2) What is polysaccharide? Give examples. How is glycogen synthesized
from glucose and broken down to glucose? Add a note on type I
glycogen storage disorders. (2+2+4+4+3)
SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS: 10X5-50
3) A 65 year old chronic smoker and alcoholic suffered from non specific
symptoms like epigastric discomfort, recurrent diarrhoea. On examination
he had stomatitis, esophagitis and exfoliative dermatitis. Lab test showed
raised AST, ALT & GGT with ultrasound features of fatty liver. Treatment
with 500 mg daily niacinamide was started. dermatitis and other
symptoms reduced. He restricted alcohol and increased consumption of
other B complex Vitamins and food sources of B complex vitamins.
a) What is the diagnosis?
b) Name the Coenzymes of this Vitamin
c) What are its Biochemical functions?
4) A 4 year old boy came to the hospital and his serum ALP levels are high:
a) Enumerate physiological and pathological conditions for raised ALP
in this age group
b) List the isoenzymes of ALP
c) Reference range of serum ALP
5) What is Detoxification? Add a note on phase one reactions.
6) Describe the types of Protein Energy Malnutrition.
7) Describe Glomerular function tests.
8) What is Nitrogen balance and what are the factors affecting Nitrogen
balance?
9) Enumerate the steps of Heme degradation.
10) List out the Biochemical functions of Pyridoxine.
11) What are the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes?
12) Describe chemiosmotic theory and give two examples for uncouplers.
Q.P. CODE:500-B-OR
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA - 520008
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
Time: 2 V2 Hours Max. Marks: 50
1) Describe in detail about Urea Cycle. Add a note on 7+3=10
Hyperammonemia.
2) Write in detail about DNA Replication. 10
3) Plasma Calcium
4) Features of Genetic Code
6) Functions of Immunoglobulins
7) Components of Plasma Membrane
8) Antioxidant Vitamins
9) Functions of Fluorine and Cobalt
10) Mention two causes for elevation in Conjugated Bilirubin
11) Functions of Glucocorticoids
12) Deficiency manifestations of Vitamin D

Q.P. CODE:500-B-CBME
DR. NTR UNIVERSI1YOF HEALTH SCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520 008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- JAN/FEB,2022
FIRST M.B.B.S.EXAMINATION
BIOCHEMISTRY - PAPER-II
(Theory Questions)
Time : 2 Hours 40 Minutes Max. Marks: 80
ESSAY QUESTIONS: 2X15=30

1) What is central dogma of life? Describe the process of translation. What
are post translational modification of proteins. Mention three inhibitors of
translation. (2+6+4+3)
2) Mention major elements and trace elements of minerals. Describe the
functions of calcium. Explain the regulation of serum calcium level. What is
normal serum calcium level and add a note on its deficiency manifestations.
(2+2+4+4+1 +2)
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: 10X5-50
3) A three-year-old girl presented with megaloblastic anaemia and failure to
thrive. Obstetric history was uneventful. Aneamia was present, which did
not improve despite blood transfusions. There was no response to B12,
Folate and Pyridoxine therapy. Urine analysis shown orotic acid crystals.
Very high levels of orotate (above 1.0 gm/day, normal is less than 1.4
mg/day) Were excreted. Enzyme assay showed deficiency of orotate
phosphoribosyltransferase.
a) What is the probable diagnosis?
b) What is the pathogenesisof the finding?
c) What is the treatment for this condition?
4) A five-year-old child admitted in psychiatry ward has mental retardation with
IQ of 50. The child is agitated, hyperactive, tremors and convulsions are
noted. The child has hypopigmentation, body sweat and urine has a mousy
odour.
a) What is the diagnosis?
b) What is the enzyme deficient in this disorder?
5) Describeurea cycle and its disorders.
6) Name Purine bases and add a note on Purine Catabolism.
7) What are plasma proteins and what are the functions of Albumin?
8) Describethe structure of collagen
9) What is transamination reaction? Give two examples.
10) Describefluid mosaic model of cell membrane.
11) Define acids and basis. Add a note on metabolic acidosis.
12) Describethe types of acquired immunity and their functions.
Q.P. CODE:MI02A030(CBME)
DR. NTR UNIVERSITYOF HEALTHSCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520 008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- APRIL, 2021
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
1) Describe the sources, chemistry, biochemical functions, deficiency 15

manifestations, RDA & Hypertoxicity of Vitamin D. (1+1+4+4+3+2)
2) Define enzyme and enzyme inhibition. Classify enzyme inhibition wlth one 15
example for each class. Write in detail salient features of competitive
enzyme inhibition with examples of clinical applications.C2+2+3+4+2+2)
8x5=40
WRITE SHORT NOTES ON:
3) A 8-year old girl had fatty eruption on the elbow and elevated cholesterol
level. She was treated for the same and 4 months later her serum
cholesterol was within biological range (1 +2+2)
a. What is the probable diagnosis
b. Discuss the factors that regulate cholesterol synthesis
c. Name important products formed from cholesterol and their
function
4) Enumerate the phase I of detoxification with examples
5) Describe the steps and energetics of aerobic glycolysis
6) Describe the process of digestion and absorption of lipids from the GI tract
7) Name the blood buffers. Enumerate their role in regulation of blood pH
8) Describe galactose metabolism and associated disorders
9) Classify liver function tests. Enumerate excretory and metabolic functions
of liver
10) Describe heme synthesis and its regulation
10x3=30
WRITE BRIEFLY ON:
11) A new born experienced abdominal distension, severe bowel cramps and
diarrhoea after feeding milk
a. What is the probable diagnosis and mention the deficient enzyme
b. Write the reason for these manifestations and mention the line of
treatment
12) Name three hormones synthesized by adrenal glands and their function
13) Creatinine clearance test and its clinical significance
14) Name three antioxidants and their action
15) High energy compounds
16) Allosteric regulation of enzyme activity
17) List the biomedical importance of carbohydrates with examples
18) Amphipathic lipids
19) Glycemic index
20) Dietary fibers
Q.P. CODE: Ml02A031(CBME)
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - APRIL, 2021
BIOCHEMISTRY- PAPER-II
Note: Answer all questions. Draw diagrammatic representation wherever necessary.
1) Describe in detail the process of replication of both strands of DNA in 15

eukaryotes. Name the inhibitors of DNA replication and DNA repair
mechanisms (8+3+4)
2) Describe the sources, RDA, blood level, biochemical function, regulation 15
and deficiency manifestation of calcium in the body.
(2+1+6+2+3+1)
8x5=40
3) 32 hours after birth, a male infant had grunting sound during
respiration. The infant was lethargic and unresponsive. The infant had
vomiting after taking small feeds, blood ammonia was very high. Blood
urea was very low
a. What is the probable diagnosis and name the deficient enzyme
b. Which metabolic pathway is affected. Discuss the metabolic
pathway
4) Describe the mechanism of regulation of blood pH
5) Describe the functions of plasma proteins. What is normal A:G ratio
and mention its significance
6) What are proto-oncogenes. Name four tumor markers and mention
their clinical significance
7) Describe secondary and tertiary structure of proteins
8) Describe degradation of purine nucleotides
9) Describe disorders of iron metabolism
10) Define secondary messengers. Describe mechanism of hormone action
10x3=30
WRITE BRIEFLY ON:
11) A 3 year old boy was admitted to hospital with symptoms of pellagra,
accompanied by mental retardation and had excretion of neutral amino
acids. Diagnosis of Hartnup disease was made
a. What is the cause of Hartnup disease
b. What is the cause of mental retardation and pellagra like
symptoms in this case
c. Mention the treatment of pellagra like symptom
12) Structure and function of collagen
13) Gene therapy
14) Denaturation and coagulation of proteins
15) Carcinogens and mutagens
16) Role of T- helper cells in immune responses
17) Anion gap and chloride shift
18) Proteoglycans
19) Ionophores and its applications
20) Purine analogues
Q.P. CODE:500-A(OR)
DR. NTR UNIVERSITYOF HEALTH SCIENCES: AP: VIJAYAWADA-520008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- APRIL, 2021
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
(Old Regulations)
Time : 2 112 Hours Max. Marks: 50
1) Describe in detail about citric acid cycle. Write briefly on 6+2+2=10

energetics and regulation
2) Write in detail about vitamin B12 - its sources, coenzymes, 1+1+1+3+2+2
RDA, functions, metabolism and deficiency manifestations =10
3) Specific dynamic action
4) Metabolism of galactose
5) Regulation of cholesterol synthesis
6) Digestion and absorption of lipids
7) Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
WRITE BRIEFlV ON: 5x2=10
8) Isoenzymes - 2 Examples
9) Oral glucose tolerance test - Indications
10) Myogiobin - Functions
11) Enzymes elevated in acute pancreatitis
12) Balanced diet

Q.P. CODE:500-B(OR)
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES::VIJAYAWADA - 520008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - APRIL, 2021
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
(Old Regulations)
Time: 2 1/2 Hours Max. Marks: 50

1) Write in detail about acid base balance 10
2) Describe in detail about purine catabolism. Add a note on 10
Hyperuricemia
3) PCR Test
4) Homocystinuria
5) RFT
6) Mechanisms of hormone action
7) Electrolytes
WRITE BRIEflY ON: 5x2=10
8) Two compounds derived from tyrosine
9) Two nucleosides
10) Structure of DNA
11) Normal blood and urine pH
12) Mention two carcinogens

Q.P. CODE:Ml02A030
M,B.B.S, DEGREE EXAMINATION- JANUARY,2021
FIRSTM.B,B.S.EXAMINATION
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Draw diagrammatic representationwherever necessary.
1) Write the RecommendedDaily Allowance (RDA) and sourcesof 1 +2+5+5+2=15

Vitamin A. Explain the biochemicalfunctions and deficiency
manifestations of Vitamin A. Add a note on hypervitaminosisA.
2) What is the normal blood glucose level? Discuss in detail the 2+9+4=15
regulation of blood glucose. What are the criteria for the diagnosis of
Diabetes Mellitus?

3) 40 year old male was brought to the casualty with complaint of chest
pain. He had ECG changes suggestive of myocardial lnfarctlon and
was admitted to the ICU. His blood reports showed: (1+1+3)
Blood sugar 110 mg%, Serum cholesterol 350 mg%, LDL Cholesterol
150 mg%, HDL Cholesterol35 mg% and Triglyceride 150 mg%
a) What is likely cause of heart attack at such a young age?
. b) Discussthe catabolism of LDL.
c) Name three biologically important compounds formed from
cholesterol.
4) Importance of dietary fibre
5) Metabolic Syndrome
6) Haemolytic jaundice - causesand diagnosis
7) Suicidal inhibition
8) Synthesis of Prostaglandins
9) Kwashiorkor
10) Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
WRITE BRIEFLY ON: lOx3=30

11) A 15 year old female complaining of severe pain in back and legs was
hospitalized and sickle cell anemia was diagnosed. (1+1+1)
a) Mention the cause of sickle cell anemia
b) Mention the cause of sickling of red blood cells (RBC)
c)Why does a person with sickle cell trait show increased resistance
to malaria?
12) Ketone bodies
13) Liposomes
14) Name three uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation
15) Epimers
16) Coenzyme Q
17) Regulation of enzyme activity by compartmentalization
18) Renal glycosuria
19) Standard urea clearance
20) Acute intermittent porphyria
-. ~ .. -.----------
Q.P. CODE: Ml02A031
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA - 520008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- JANUARY, 2021
FIRST M.B.B.S.EXAMINATION
BIOCHEMISTRY- PAPER-II
1) Define transcription. Describe the processof transcription in 1+8+3+3=15
eukaryotes. Elaborate post transcriptional modification of
mRNA. Name the inhibitors of transcription.
2) Describe in detail metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids 10+5=15
and associated disorders. Mention the products of
transmethylation reactions.
3) An obese 45 year old male was awoken from sleep by
excruciating pain in his left metatarsophalangealjoint. The
affected joint was hot, swollen, red and extremely tender. He
was diagnosedwith gout. (2+ 1 +2 )
a) What are the causes of primary gout?
b) Mention the causesfor secondary gout
c) What is the biochemical basis of treating gout with the drug
Allopurinol?
4) Describebiochemistry of cancer
5) Describestructure, types and function of immunoglobulins
6) Describebiochemicalfunction and deficiency manifestations of
calcium in the body
7) What are secondary messengers? Elaboratethe mechanismof
action of steroidal hormones
8) Describeregulation of water and electrolyte balance in the body
9) Describethe basic procedure and applicationsof polymerase
chain reactions
10) Describethe metabolism of tyrosine and important products
formed from tyrosine
11) A 57-year-old man was admitted into hospital with neurological
manifestations. On ophthalmic examination, brown pigment
ring (KF ring) around his cornea was observed. (1+1+1)
a) What is the probable diagnosis?
b) Mention the cause of these manifestations
c) What is the probable treatment for this order?
12) Function of heme and.' non heme containing compounds
13) Essentialamino acids .
14) Metabolic acidosisand alkali reserve
15) Structure and function of cell membrane
16) Name three plasma proteins and their functions
17) Isoelectric pH
18) Oncogeneand antioncogene
19) Salvage pathway
20) Zinc containing proteins and their functions
Q.P. CODE:SOO-A
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - JANUARY, 2021
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
Time: 2 112 Hours Max. Marks: 50
1) Describe in detail about Glycogen Metabolism. Write 7+3=10
briefly about Regulation.
2) Write in detail about HDL Metabolism. Mention the 6+4=10
Reference Interval for Lipid Profile.
3) Rapaport Luebering Cycle
4) Ketone bodies synthesis
5) Phase II Reactions of Detoxification
6) Heme Catabolism
...• ,
I) Shuttle Pathways
8) lipotropic Factors
9) Vitamin E
10) Poly unsaturated fatty acids
11) Acute Intermittent Porphyria
12) Mention two heteropolysaccharides and their functions
-.'~--~ ..-~~' --.,.-~-~.

~ .. ---'~-'--'.-<-
~". -_---"_
- .. -_-_--_ --~--
Q.P. CODE:SOO-8
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - JANUARY, 2021
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
1) Describe in detail about transcription. Add a note on post- 6+4=10
transcrlptional modifications.
2) Write in detail about integration of metabolism taking place 10
in Liver.
3) Cell cycle
4) Lac Operon
5) Adrenal Function Tests
6) Digestion and absorption of proteins
7) Transamination reactions
WRITE BRIEFLY ON: Sx2=10
8) Active Methionine
9) Functions of Selenium
10) Two conditions of metabolic acidosis
11) Two functions of Albumin
12) Mention two blood buffers

Q.P. CODE:500-A
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - JULY, 2019
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
Time : 2 V2 Hours Max. Marks: 50
1) Describe the steps of beta oxidation. Add a note on its 7+3=10

energetics
2) Describe the breakdown of heme to bilirubin and its 5+5=10

L;~cretion
3) Competitive inhibition of enzymes
4) Chemiosmotic theory
5) Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
6) Active vitamin D (calcitrlol) formation in the body
7) Gluconeogenesis
8) Write the functions of dietary fibres
9) Write four functions of cholesterol
10) Write the functions of hemoglobin
11) Write the deficiency manifestations of Thiamine
12) Write the reasons for congenital cataract in galactosemia

Q.P. CODE:500-B
DR NTR UNIVERSITYOF HEALTHSCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA- 520 008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - JULY, 2019
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
1) Describe the metabolism of tyrosine. Add a note on the 6+4=10

inherited disorders
2) Describe the glomerular and tubular function tests 7+3=10
WRITE SHORT NOTESON: 5x4=20
3) Hyperuricemia
4) Plasma proteins
5) Structure of plasma membrane
6) Polymerase chain reaction
7) Classification of mutation
8) List any four iron containing proteins
9) Write the forms of calcium in blood
10) List two antioxidants
11) List the hormones from pancreas and function of anyone of

them
12) List any four pathways specific to liver

Q.P. CODE:500-A
DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520 008
~.Jj.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 2019
FIRST fv1.B.B.S. EXAMINATION
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
Time: 2 V2 Hours ["lax. [I/larks: 50
1) Describe the steps of glycogen synthesis and breakdown. 5+5=10
2) Describe the sources, dietary requirements, biochemical 3+3+2+2=10

functions and deficiency manifestations of Vitamin A.
3) Clinicaliy important enzymes of liver
4) Isoenzymes
5) Detoxification
6) Vitamin K
7) Bile acids
8) List any four heteropolysaccharides
9) Write the significance of omega three fatty acids
10) Write the difference between glucokinase and hexokinase
11) Write the defect in acute intermittent porphyria
12) Write the deficiency manifestations of cobalamin

Q . P . CODE:500-B
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES .: VIJAYAWADA - 520 008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 2019
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
1) Describe the systems involved in p" homeostasis. Add a 6+4=10

note on metabolic acidosis
2) Describe the synthesis of DNA in detail with suitable 10

diagram.
3) Outline the steps of synthesis of urea
4) Ciassify hormones citing examples
5) Laboratory findings in iron deficiency anaemia
6) Characteristics of genetic code
7) Phenylketonuria
WRITE BR1EFLY ON: 5x2=10
8) Functions of Plasma albumin
-----~;---trsttlTelimmones Involveo In calcium nomeostasls
10) List the special products from tyrosine
11) List any four tumour markers
12) List the tests to assess the synthetic functions of liver

Q.P. CODE:500-A
DR. NTR UNIVERSI1Y OF HEALTHSCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- OCTOBER/NOVEMBER,2018
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
Time : 2 1/2 Hours Max. Marks: 50
1) Describe the functioning of respiratory chain including 7+3=10

chemiosmotic theory.
2) Describe the functions and the deficiency manifestations 6+2+2=10

of Vitamin D. Add a note on the biochemical basis of the
deficiency manifestations
3) Sickle cell anaemia
4) Lactose intolerance
5) Anaerobic glycolysis
6) Pyridoxine
7) Hypercholesterolemia
8) Deficiency manifestations of folic acid
9) List any four dietary fibres
10) Methaemoglobin
11) List the functions of phospholipids
12) Normal values for plasma glucose concentration (fasting

and 2 hour Post Prandial)
Q.P. CODE:500-B
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTHSCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA - 520 008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- OCTOBER/NOVEMBER,2018
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
1) Describe the steps of urea cycle. Add a note on the 7+3==10

associated inherited disorders.
2) Describe the lac operon model of gene expression. 3+7==10
WRITE SHORT NOTES ON: 5x4==20
3) Renal function tests
4) Metabolic alkalosis
5) Alcaptonuria
6) Thyroid Hormones
7) Post translational modifications
WRITE BRIEFLYON: 5x2==10
8) Write the functions of Calcium
9) List any four tumor markers
10) Write the normal values of serum urea and creatinine
11) Write the mechanism of action of allopurinol
12) List any four second messengers

Q.P. CODE:500-A
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- JULY, 2018
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
Time : 2 Y2 Hours Max. Marks: 50
1) Explain the classification of enzymes citing examples. 5+5=10

Give an account on the enzymes of diagnostic
importance.
2) Describe the metabolism of low density lipoprotein (LDL). 7+3=10

Add a note on hypercholesterolemia.
3) Homopolysaccharides
4) Electron transport chain
5) Functions of Vitamin C
6) Importance of HMP pathway
7) Bilirubin excretion
8) List any four pathways located in mitochondria
9) Functions of Vitamin K
10) Importance of Rapoport Luebering Cycle
11) List any four causes of hyperbilirubinemia
12) List any four conjugating agents of Phase II detoxification

Q.P. CODE:500-B
DR NTR UNIVERSTIYOF HEALTHSCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA- 520 008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- JULY, 2018
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
1) Describe the replication of DNA with illustration. 8+2=10
2) Discuss the role of buffers and kidney in pH homeostasis. 3+7=10
3) Liver function tests
4) Metabolic acidosis
5) Purine catabolism
6) Structure of immunoglobulin
8) List the special products derived from glycine
9) Phenylketonuria
10) Write the normal values of serum sodium and potassium
11) List four iron containing proteins
12) List four antioxidants

Q.P. CODE:500-A
DR. NTR UNIVERSITYOF HEALTHSCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520008

M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION-NOVEMBER, 2017
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
Answer all questions
1) Explain the pathway of Ketone bodies synthesis and 6+4=10
utilization. Add a note on Ketoacidosis.
2) Describe the sources, absorption, biochemical functions 2+2+4+2=10
and deficiency manifestations of Cobalamin.
3) Factors affecting enzyme activity
4) Absorption of glucose
5) Events of Citric Acid Cycle
6) Acute intermittent Porphyria and Porphyria Cutanea

Tarda
7) Sources and beneficial effects of dietary fibre
8) Define and list the lipotropic factors
9) Write four functions of cholesterol
10) Detoxification by oxidation
11) Write two examples for competitive inhibition
12) List the coenzymes of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Q.P. CODE: 500-8
DR NTR UNIVERSITYOF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIjAYAWADA - 520 008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- NOVEMBER, 2017
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
1) Describe the features of genetic code. Explain the 3+7=10

classification of point mutation citing examples.
2) Write in detail about Calcium homeostasis in the body. 8+2=10

Add a note on hypocalcemia
5x4=20
WRITE SHORT NOTESON:
3) Sources of atoms of purine and pyrimidine rings
4) What is Transamination? Write the salient features of

Transamination.
5) Functions and clinical significance of Albumin
6) Iron absorption
7) Classification of hormones citing examples
8) Alkaptonuria
9) Most commonly used tumor markers
10) Define clearance
11) Types of RNAs
12) What is isoelectric pH?

Q.P. CODE:SOO-A
DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTHSCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- AUGUST, 2017
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
1) Write in detail about Gluconeogenesis. Add a note on its 7+3=10

regulation.
2) Write in detail about classification of enzymes giving 6+4=10

suitable examples. Write briefly on co-enzymes.
3) Beneficial effects and adverse effects of fiber in nutrition
4) Disaccharides
5) Components of Electron Transport Chain
6) Biochemical functions of Vitamin C
7) Metabolism of Galactose
8) Lipid Digestion
9) Regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis
10) von Gierke Disease
11) Rapoport-Luebering Cycle
12) Acute intermittent porphyria

Q.P. CODE:500-B
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTHSCIENCES:: VIJAYAWADA- 520 008
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION- AUGUST, 2017
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
Time: 2 112 Hours Max. Marks: 50
1) Write in detail about Urea Cycle. Add a note on 7+3=10

Hyperammonemia.
2) Describe DNA replication with suitable illustrations. 7+3=10
3) Purine Catabolism
4) Mechanisms of Hormone Action
5) Liver Function Tests
6) Functions and clinical Significance of albumin
7) Chemical Carcinogens
8) Phenylketonuria
9) Facilitated diffusion
10) Blood Buffers
11) Storage and Transport forms of Iron
12) Define free radical and mention common characteristic features
of free radicals
500-A
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - DECEMBER, 2016
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
1) Write in detail, about the metabolism of chylomicrons 6+4==10
giving suitable examples.
2) Write in detail about the steps of glycolysis in anerobic 6+2+2==10
condition. Add a note on its regulation and energetics.
WRITE SHORT NOTESON: 5x4==20
3) Functions of biotin
4) Hornopolysaccharldes
5) Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and write the factors
affecting BMR
6) Protein energy malnutrition
7) Isoenzymes
WRITE BRIEFLY ON: 5x2==10
- 8) Significance of uronic acid pathway
9) Acute intermittent porphyria - mention the deficient
enzyme and the lab findings
10) Effect of temperature on enzyme activity
11) Mention different types of a-Thalassemias
12) Mention functions of Haemoglobin

500-B
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA - 520 008

M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - DECEMBER, 2016
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
Time: 2 YzHours Max. Marks: 50
1) Write about, transamination, deamination and 4+3+3=10
transmethylation
2} Discuss the role of buffers and kidney in pH homeostasis. 3+7=10
3} Hyperuricemia
4) Mutations v
6) Recombinant DNA
7) Iron absorption
8) Isoelectric pH
9) Functions of Calcium
10) Termination of Transcription
11) Alkaptonuria
SOO-A
DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520 008
M.B.B.s. DEGREE EXAMINATION - AUGUST, 2016
BIOCHIiMISTRY
PAPER-I
Time : 2 '/2 Hours Max. Marks: 50
Note: Answer all questions.
Give diagrammatic representation wherever necessary.
1) Write the classification of enzymes giving examples. Give 5+5:::::10

an account on enzyme inhibition.
2) Write the definition, substrates, pathway including 1+2+5+2=10

enzymes and regulation of Gluconeogenesis.
- WRITE SHORT NOTES ON: 5x4=20
3) Chemiosmotic hypothesis
4) Phase I of detoxification
t:. j. 5) Bile acids

f
6) Sickle cell anemia
7) Dietary fibre - beneficial and adverse effects
8) Functions of Vitamin K
9) . Steatorrhea
--...-
.-. 10) von Gierkes disease
11) Deficiency manifestations of Folic acid
12) Lipoprotein structure
- ------_. ---.- ._--,_---------_ ... _-

500-B
M.B.B.S. DEGREEEXAMINATION- AUGUST, 2016
BlOCH EMISTRY
PAPER-II
Note: Answer all questions.
Give diagrammatic representation wherever necessary.
1) Write in detail about the metabolism of phenylalanine. 7+3=10

Add a note on phenylketonuria.
2) Write in detail about protein biosynthesis in the body. Add 7+3=10
- a note on post translational modifications.
3) Adrenal function tests
1:. /. 4) Biochemical actions of Prostaglandins

,
5) Mutation
6) RegulatIon of iron absorption
7) Biochemical functions of Zinc and Iodine
8). Functions of thyroxine
9) What are tumor markers? Give two examples
10) Mention the normal serum and urinary levels of total

protein and albumin
11) Nucleotides
12) Respiratory Alkalosis

SOO-A
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION-AUGUST, 2015
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
1) Write the glycolysis pathway in red blood cells. Add a 6+4=10
note on 2,3 Bis phosphoglycerate formation and its
importance.
2) Give an account of sources, chemistry, biochemical 2+2+2+2+2=10
functions, deficiency diseases and daily requirement of
Vitamin D.
3) Structure and classification of lipoproteins
4; factors affecting enzyme activity
5) Fatty Liver
6) Functions and deficiency manifestations of Thiamine
7) Absorption of Monosaccharides
- WRITE BRIEFLYON: 5x2=10
8) List the primary and secondary bile acids
9) Calorific value
10) Write any four heteropolysaccharides
11) Steatorrhea
12) Define Xenobiotics and give two examples

500-B
DR NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES :: VIJAYAWADA - 520 008
M.B.B.s. DEGREE EXAMINATION- AUGUST, 2015

BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
Time: 2 '12 Hours Max. Marks: 50
1) Write in detail about urea cycle. Add a note on urea 6+4=10
cycle disorders
2) Write in detail about renal function tests 10
3) Respiratory acidosis
4) Lac operon
5) Primary and secondary structures of proteins
6) Alkaptonuria
7) Functions of iodine and fluoride
8) Post transcriptional modifications

9) Isoelectric p"
10) Active methionine
11) Most commonly used tumor markers
12) Normal serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride and
bicarbonate
500-A
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - NOVEMBER, 2014
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
1) Describe the process of (3 (beta) - oxidation of fatty acids. 7 + 3= 10
Add a note on the energetics of the pathway.
2) A 6 year boy was taken to the hospital by his mother with 1+1+3+3+2=10
complaints of decreased vision in the night. The doctor
suspected a possible vitamin A deficiency. Describe in detail
the sources, RDA, functions and deficiency manifestation of
the deficient nutrient. What other clinical features, the doctor
has to look for in this case and what advice should be given?
- 3)
Describe briefly the hormonal regulation of blood glucose

5x4=20
levels.
4) Draw a plot of Competitive enzyme inhibition. Give 2

examples of competitive inhibitors.
5) Briefly explain the following:

i) Specific Dynamic Action
ii) Glycemic index
6) Describe the clinical significance of the following enzymes:

i) LDH ii) Alkaline phosphatase iii) Creatine kinase
iv) Amylase v) Alanine transaminase
7) Give an outline of the electron transport chain including ATP

-- generating sites
8) Absolute specificity enzymes
9) Altered CNS behavior in patients with advanced liver disease.
10) Ethanol is administered in patients with methanol poisoning
11) Mention functions of Hemoglobinopathies
12} Lactose intolerance

500-B
M.B.B.S. DEGREE EXAMINATION - NOVEMBER, 2014

FIRST M.B.B.s. EXAMINATION
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
1) A 15 year old boy complained of swelling and pain in the 1+ 1 +4+4= 10
distal phalangeal joints. Blood investigation showed the
following results.
Blood urea : 15 mg%
Serum uric acid : 16 mg%
On diagnosing the pathology, the physician decided to
treat patient with allopurinol
i) What is your probable diagnosis in the above patient?
ii) Which 2 other blood investigations would you suggest?
iii)Comment on the serum uric acid level and explain the
cause of pain in joints.
iv) What is the biochemical explanation for the treatment
given in the above patient!
2) Discuss the metabolism of glycine under the following 3+3+4=10

headings.
i) Synthesis ii) Catabolism
iii) Specialized compounds synthesized
3) Explain the absorption, transport and storage of dietary
iron in the body.
4) Give an account of post transcription modifications
5) Describe PCR with diagram and list out two uses of it.
6) Compare and contrast (1 similarity and 2 differences)

DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase
7) Compare and contrast (1 similarity and 2 differences)

prehepatiC and post hepatic jaundice

8) Azaserine is used as an anticancer agent
9) Wilson's disease
10) Oxalates in diet inhibit absorption of iron and calcium
11) Metabolic acidosis
12) Serum alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen
500-A
M.B.B.s. DEGREE EXAMINATION - JULY/AUGUST, 2014
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-I
1) What are the different types of lipoproteins? Discuss 5+5=10
their role in cholesterol transport.
2) Describe the tricarboxylic acid cycle and explain its 3+3+4=10
significance. Add a note on the energetics.
- 3)
Porphyrias
5x4=20
4) Competitive inhibition with examples.
5) Calorific value.
6) Detoxification by conjugation.
7) Functions of Vitamin C.
8) Essential fatty acids.
9) Sickle cell anemia.
10) Dietary fibre and its role.
11) Allosteric enzymes.
12) Define Epimers. Name two Epimers.

500-B
M.B.B.S. DEGREEEXAMINATION- JULY/AUGUST,2014

BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER-II
1) What are the types of DNA? Describe the structure of B- 3+3+4=10
DNA. How is DNA organized in the nucleolus?
2) Describe the various biochemical liver function tests. 5+5=10

Explain the biochemical findings in different types of
jaundice.
-- 3)
WRITE SHORT NOTESON:
Role of lungs in maintenance of body pH.

5x4=20
4) Creatinine clearance
5) Polymerase chain reaction
6) Role of parathormone in calcium homeostasis
7) Tumor markers
8) Anion gap
9) Mention four biochemical functions of zinc
10) Wobble hypothesis
11) Oncogenes
12) Maple syrup urine

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Q.P.

1) Define Gluconeogenesis. Name the key enzymes of 10

1) Explain the steps of Replication in Prokaryotes. Give examples for

the inhibitors of Replication. (7+3) 10

2) Explain the metabolism of Tryptophan and write briefly on the 10

compounds synthesized from it.

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON: 5x4=20

4) Role of haemoglobin as buffer

5) Secondary structure of proteins

6) Absorption and Transport of Iron

7) Tubular Function Tests of Kidney

WRITE BRIEFLY ON: 5x2:;;;;10

10) Wilson's Disease

11) Thyroid Function Tests

12) Transamination Reaction

DR. NTR UNIVERSITYOF HEALTH SCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520 008

SECTION-II - (THEORY QUESTIONS - 80 MARKS)

DR. NTR UNIVERSITYOF HEALTH SCIENCES:AP:VIJAYAWADA-520

SECTION-II - (THEORY QUESTIONS - 80 MARKS)

ESSAY QUESTIONS: 2X15=30

1) Write in detail about oxidation of Glucose in the anerobic 6+2+2=10

conditions. Add a note on regulation and energetics.

briefly about inhibitors of ATP.

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON: 5x4=20

3) Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

WRITE BRIEFLY ON: 5x2=10

8) Coenzyme forms of Niacin and Riboflavin

SECTION-II - (THEORY QUESTIONS - 80 MARKS)

1) Describe in detail about Urea Cycle. Add a note on 7+3=10

2) Write in detail about DNA Replication. 10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON: 5x4=20

4) Features of Genetic Code

5) Thyroid Function Tests

7) Components of Plasma Membrane

WRITE BRIEFLY ON: 5x2=10

9) Functions of Fluorine and Cobalt

10) Mention two causes for elevation in Conjugated Bilirubin

11) Functions of Glucocorticoids

12) Deficiency manifestations of Vitamin D

SECTION-II - (THEORY QUESTIONS - 80 MARKS)

ESSAY QUESTIONS: 2X15=30

1) Describe the sources, chemistry, biochemical functions, deficiency 15

1) Describe in detail the process of replication of both strands of DNA in 15

1) Describe in detail about citric acid cycle. Write briefly on 6+2+2=10

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON: 5x4=20

3) Specific dynamic action

5) Regulation of cholesterol synthesis

6) Digestion and absorption of lipids

7) Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

WRITE BRIEFlV ON: 5x2=10

9) Oral glucose tolerance test - Indications

10) Myogiobin - Functions

11) Enzymes elevated in acute pancreatitis

12) Balanced diet

Time: 2 1/2 Hours Max. Marks: 50

1) Write in detail about acid base balance 10

2) Describe in detail about purine catabolism. Add a note on 10