Module 3 Q2 Gen Chem I v.2

LEWIS STRUCTURE OF
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
for General Chemistry 1/ Grade 12
Quarter 2 / Week 3
1 NegOr_Q2_GenChem1-12_SLK Week3_v2
NegOr_Q2_GenChem1-12_SLK Week3_v2
FOREWORD
The self-learning kit (SLK) is designed to help STEM

students understand that things are made up of atoms.
These atoms interact and bond together to form
different types of compounds. Students should realize
that bonding is an interaction of electrons in their
outermost orbital to form either ionic, covalent, or
metallic bonds. In this module, the students are
thought how to draw Lewis’s structure of an element or
a compound which is part of the valence bond theory.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
K : describe the concept of the octet rule.
S : draw the Lewis structure of simple compounds.
A : recognized the significance of Lewis structure in reactions
and formation of a chemical bond.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
- Draw the Lewis structure of ions (STEM_GC11ESIId-g70)
I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY/PRE-TEST
I. Using the periodic table, complete the table below by providing

the following
a.) total number of electrons
b.) the number of energy level (n)
c.) the number of valence electrons.
Total Electron Number of Number of valence

Element
if neutral energy level (n) electrons
C
Cl
Mg
Ca
Li
II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
DISCUSSION:
The Lewis Structure

Electrons are located further outside of the nucleus of an
atom (see atoms of Na and F below). When atoms combine to
form compounds, the first sub-atomic particles in the atom to
interact are the electrons. The result of these electron interactions
is called chemical bonds. These chemical bonds are called ionic
and covalent bonds. The ionic bond result from a transfer of
electrons from one species (usually a metal) to another (usually a
nonmetal or polyatomic ion). On the other hand, covalent bonds
result from a sharing of electrons by two or more atoms (usually
nonmetals). This idea was the basis for the formation of the Lewis
structure proposed by Gilbert Newton Lewis.
Na F
The Bohr diagram of Sodium and Fluorine. The blue dot is the
neutron, yellow is the proton, and the red dot are the
electrons.
Lewis structure or the electron-dot structure utilizes the

valence electron and is represented by a dot. Take note that the
valence electrons are located in the outermost energy level (n)
and these are the ones that will interact first during a chemical
reaction. As discussed, elements tend to give off or accept an
electron to be stable or to be a noble-gas configuration
statement is commonly known as the octet rule.
Lewis structure for monoatomic element:
Monatomic or monoatomic elements are elements that
are stable as single atoms. Mon- or Mono- means one. In order for
an element to be stable by itself, it needs to have a stable octet of
valence electrons.
Example 1. The Lewis structure of the following monoatomic atom
are:
a. Magnesium (Mg):
Mg - 2 dots, since Mg belong to group 2, its valence electron is 2.
b. Fluorine (F):
F - 7 dots, since F belongs to group 17, its valence electron is 7.
The table below makes it easier to identify the number of

valence electrons corresponding to a group. In addition, based on
the valence electron, we can also predict the charge or the
oxidation number/state of the elements. It’s worth noting that
metals tend to give off electrons to be stable and once it gives off,
it becomes a positive charge. In contrast, non-metals tend to
accept electrons to be stable and become a negative charge.
Take note that the valence electron of transition metals varies and will not be
included here. This is due to the overlapping of atomic orbitals.
Group No. Valence Electron/s Number of Dots Oxidation No.

1 1 1 +1
2 2 2 +2
3 – 12
(Transition metals) - - -
13 3 3 +3
14 4 4 ±4
15 5 5 -3
16 6 6 -2
17 7 7 -1
18 8 8 0
You might be wondering why the oxidation number of group
18 or noble gases is equal to zero. This is due to stability; the energy
level of each noble gas is already fully filled by electrons. That is
why noble gases are highly unreactive and do not want to give
off or accept electrons in forming a chemical bond. In addition,
noble gases usually exist in nature as monoatomic.
Lewis structure for Binary ionic compound:

Binary ionic compounds are compounds containing two
distinct atoms and forming a bond. Since it is an ionic compound,
it contains a metal that lose/s its electron/s and a non-metal that
accept/s an electron/s.
Example 2. For a binary ionic compound, the following are
corresponding Lewis structures.
a. Sodium fluoride (NaF):
- The Lewis structure of NaF, notice
that as it become an ionic
compound, the Na gives 1 electron
and F accepts 1 electron. These
makes + and – charges on Na and
F respectively.
b. Calcium chloride (CaCl2):

- The Lewis structure of CaCl2,
notice Ca has 2 valence electrons
and Cl has 7. Ca must give all of its
electron to be stable and Cl needs
1. To accommodate, another Cl is
need. That is why the chemical
formula is CaCl2.
There are ions that contain covalent bonds, covalent bond

contains a shared electron and is represented by a line. This is in
order for the atoms to satisfy their octet. One line (─) also known
as single bonds shares 2 electrons, 2 lines (═) or double bonds
share 4 electrons, and triple bonds (≡) share 6 electrons.
Lewis structure for polyatomic ions:
Polyatomic ions are covalent compounds that contain a
charge, also known as formal charges. The bonding within the
atom is covalent thus electrons are being shared between them.
Example 3. For polyatomic ions, the following are the steps in
determining the Lewis structure.
1. Determine the total valence electron (VET). Using the formula,
VET = ∑ 𝑉𝐸 + 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 where VE = valence electrons
CO32- 2 is added since the total charge is
negative 2. Negative charge means,
VET = (1 x 4) + (3 x 6) + 2 = 24 electron is being added. Consequently,
if the charge of the polyatomic ion is
positive, it should be deducted. Positive
For C For O means electrons are being remove.
2. Determine the number of bonded electron (BE), assuming all are

single bonds.
Since there are 3 possible single bonds, each can
BE = 6
accommodate 2 electrons.
- In identifying the central atom, one must
consider electronegative value, the least value is
the central in this case C is least electronegative
than O (consult a book for values).
3. Count the number of required electrons (RE) needed to fulfill its

octet. Just copy the line structure in Step 2,
C needs 2 electrons (6 electrons are already shared)
Each O needs 6 electrons (2 electrons are already shared)
Therefore, RE = (6 x 3) + (1 x 2) = 20
4. Calculate the available electrons (AE) using the formula;
AE = VET – RE = 24 – 20 = 4
5. Determine the number of bonds or lone pair electrons around the
central atom. Using the formula;
No. of bonds or lone pair electron - - 2 means in every bond
contains 2 electrons or 2
= (BE – AE) electrons in every lone pairs
2
= (BE – AE)/2 = (6 – 4)/2 = 2/2 = 1
- Note: If the value is positive, add bonds. If negative, add 2 electrons as lone pair at the central
atom (Example; if -1 add 2 electrons, if -2 add 4 electrons, etc.)
6. Therefore, the Lewis structure.
Partial bracket represents the partial charge of CO3-2. There are also 3 possible structure, but are
just resonance, meaning the double bond shift its electrons to another atoms.
III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

EVALUATION/POST TEST:
I. Determine the Lewis structure of:
a. Cl d. F2 g. PO4-3 j. Ca
b. NaBr e. O3 h. N2
c. H2O f. CN- i. NH4+
REFERENCES
Ebbing, Darrell, and Steven D. Gammon. General chemistry.

Cengage Learning, 2016.
Zumdahl, Steven S. & Zumdahl, Susan A. (2007). Chemistry 7th ed.
Houghton Mifflin Company, USA. Pp106-111.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

OIC – Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/CID Chief
ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)
ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator
MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)
ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)
GERALD T. UBAG
Lay-Out Artist
MARIA CRISTINA M. SALASALAN

Writer
_________________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
EUFRATES G. ANSOK, JR.
SEGUNDINO B. DELES JR.
MANASSES V. JABALDE
AGUSTINA C. OMAGUING
VERONICA A. RECTO
BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
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DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY ARJIE T. PALUMPA
MERCY G. DAGOY LESTER C. PABALINAS
ROWENA R. DINOKOT
DISCLAIMER
The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning modality
to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and
evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in
any form without division.
SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY
This student learning kit

deals with the Lewis structure of
molecular compounds as well as
polyatomic ions. A Lewis structure
is a very simplified representation
of the valence shell electrons in a
molecule. Learning about Lewis
structure is easy especially that
there are different strategies in
getting the valence electrons.
Join us, as we dive in
through the world of Lewis
structure of ions.
Pre-activity/pre-test
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

MARIA CRISTINA M. SALASALAN is a graduate of Bachelor
of Science in Nursing from Jose Rizal Memorial State
University in 2010. Finished Continuing Professional
Education (CPE) at Villaflores College in 2015. Finished her
Complete Academic Requirement for Master of Arts in
Science Teaching at Negros Oriental State University.
Evaluation/post-test:
Currently working at Department of Education, as teacher
II, connected at Crisostomo O. Retes National High School
Senior High.

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LEWIS STRUCTURE OF

The self-learning kit (SLK) is designed to help STEM

I. Using the periodic table, complete the table below by providing

Total Electron Number of Number of valence

The Lewis Structure

Lewis structure or the electron-dot structure utilizes the

Mg - 2 dots, since Mg belong to group 2, its valence electron is 2.

F - 7 dots, since F belongs to group 17, its valence electron is 7.

The table below makes it easier to identify the number of

Group No. Valence Electron/s Number of Dots Oxidation No.

Lewis structure for Binary ionic compound:

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl2):

There are ions that contain covalent bonds, covalent bond

2. Determine the number of bonded electron (BE), assuming all are

3. Count the number of required electrons (RE) needed to fulfill its

Each O needs 6 electrons (2 electrons are already shared)

4. Calculate the available electrons (AE) using the formula;

6. Therefore, the Lewis structure.

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

I. Determine the Lewis structure of:

Ebbing, Darrell, and Steven D. Gammon. General chemistry.

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

MARIA CRISTINA M. SALASALAN

This student learning kit

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

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