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1 Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form water and oxygen. This reaction is catalysed by
manganese(IV)oxide.
The rate of this reaction can be investigated using the following apparatus.
oxygen gas
40 cm
3
of aqueous hydrogen peroxide was put in the flask and 0.1 g of small lumps of
manganese(IV) oxide was added.
The volume of oxygen collected was measured every 30 seconds. The results
were plotted to give the graph shown below.
volume of
oxygen
0
0 t1 t2
t3
time
(a) (i) How do the rates at times t1, t2 and t3 differ?
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2
(ii) Explain the trend in reaction rate that you described in (a)(i).
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(b) The experiment was repeated using 0.1 g of finely powdered manganese(IV) oxide. All the
other variables were kept the same.
(i) On the axes, sketch the graph that would be expected. [2]
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(c) Describe how you could show that the catalyst, manganese(IV) oxide, was not used up in the
reaction. Manganese(IV) oxide is insoluble in water.
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(d) In
3
the first experiment, the maximum volume of oxygen produced was 96 cm
measured at
3
measured at
r.t.p. Calculate the concentration of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide in mol / dm
3
.
[Total: 15]
(a) In the first stage of the process, sulfur dioxide is obtained from sulfur-containing ores.
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(b) The next stage of the process is a reaction which can reach equilibrium.
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(iv) Explain, in terms of particles, why a high temperature increases the rate of this reaction.
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[Total: 11]
3 Ammonia, NH3, is used to produce nitric acid, HNO3. This happens in a three-stage process.
4
reason .............................................................................................................................
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(b) In this reaction the predicted yield of NO is 512 g. The actual yield is 384 g.
2NO + O2 → 2NO2
Which major environmental problem does NO2 cause if it is released into the atmosphere?
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5
Calculate the volume of O2 gas, at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.), needed to produce
1260 g of HNO3.
Use the following steps.
moles of O2 = ........................................
• Calculate the volume of O2 gas that reacts at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
Complete the energy level diagram for this reaction. Include an arrow that clearly shows the
energy change during the reaction.
4NO
2 + 2H2O + O2
energy
progress of reaction
[3]
[Total: 11]
4 Chalcopyrite, FeCuS2, is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid in the Contact process.
(a) In the first stage of the process, chalcopyrite reacts with oxygen in the air to produce sulfur
dioxide, SO2, iron(III) oxide and copper(II) oxide.
Complete the chemical equation for the reaction of FeCuS2 with oxygen.
1 ............................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................ [2]
7
Include units.
temperature ...........................................................................................................
pressure................................................................................................................. [2]
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(v) Describe and explain, in terms of equilibrium, what happens when the temperature
isincreased.
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[Total: 10]
bulb
wire
+ –
graphite electrodes
dilute aqueous
sodium chloride
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(b) The student observes bubbles of colourless gas forming at each electrode.
(i) Name the main gas produced at the positive electrode (anode).
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8
test .........................................................................................................................
(iii) Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction taking place at the negative electrode
(cathode).
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Name the type of particle responsible for the transfer of charge in:
(d) The student replaces the dilute aqueous sodium chloride with concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 10]
6 Some of the ammonia made by the Haber process is converted into nitric acid.
The first stage of this process is the oxidation of ammonia to make nitrogen monoxide.
The process is carried out at 900 °C and a pressure of 5 atmospheres using an alloy of platinum
and rhodium as a catalyst.
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9
(c) Complete the table using the words increase, decrease or no change.
[4]
The nitrogen dioxide reacts with oxygen and water to produce nitric acid as the only product.
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[Total: 9]
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(b) Describe how sulfur dioxide is converted into sulfur trioxide in stage 2.
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10
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Write a chemical equation for the conversion of oleum, H2S2O7, into sulfuric acid.
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[Total: 9]
A method consisting of three steps is used to make zinc sulfate from zinc carbonate.
step 3 Heat the filtrate until a saturated solution forms and then allow it to crystallise.
(a) Name
3
a suitable piece of apparatus for measuring 20 cm
of dilute sulfuric acid in step 1.
3
of dilute sulfuric acid in step 1.
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(b) State two observations which would show that the reaction is complete in step 1.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
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11
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Complete the equation by inserting the state symbol for zinc sulfate. [1]
(f) Name another zinc compound which could be used to make zinc sulfate from dilute
sulfuric acid using this method.
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(g) Suggest why this method would not work to make barium sulfate from barium carbonate and
dilute sulfuric acid.
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[Total: 9]
A B C
H H H H H Br Br
H C C C H C C H C C H
H H H H H H H
D E
H H O
H C H H C C
O H
H H
(a) Answer the following questions about these compounds. Each compound may be used once,
more
than once or not at all.
(vi) Which two compounds are in the same homologous series?.............and............. [1]
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Complete the symbol equation for the complete combustion of compound A.
[Total: 9]
10 A student used the following apparatus to electrolyse concentrated aqueous sodium chloride using
inert electrodes.
concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride
inert electrodes
+ –
(a) Suggest the name of a metal which could be used as the inert electrodes.
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(c) Write an ionic half-equation for the reaction occurring at the negative electrode.
Include state symbols.
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13
(d) How, if at all, does the pH of the solution change during the electrolysis?
Explain your answer.
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[Total: 8]
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test ....................................................................................................................................
(c) Draw the structure of a molecule of tetrafluoroethene. Show all of the atoms and all of the
bonds.
[1]
Draw one repeat unit of poly(tetrafluoroethene). Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
[2]
14
tetrafluoroethene ..............................................................................................................
[Total: 8]
12 Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide can be used to make potassium sulfate
crystals using a method that includes titration.
dilute
sulfuric acid
conical flask
Determine the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid using the following steps.
(b) Calculate the number of moles of dilute sulfuric acid needed to neutralise the aqueous
potassium
hydroxide.
3 [1]
........................... mol / dm
(d) After the titration has been completed, the conical flask contains an aqueous solution of
potassium sulfate and some of the dissolved indicator.
Describe how to prepare a pure, dry sample of potassium sulfate crystals from new solutions
of dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide of the same concentrations as used
in the titration. Include a series of key steps in your answer.
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[Total: 8]
+ power –
supply
wires
anodes
cathode
+ +
aluminium oxide
and cryolite
molten aluminium
(a) Name the type of particle responsible for the transfer of charge in
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Write the ionic half-equation for the formation of aluminium during the electrolysis.
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[Total: 8]
14 Iron is extracted from its ore by heating the ore with carbon in a blast furnace.
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17
(d) How does this equation show that iron(III) oxide is reduced?
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[Total: 8]